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Jonsson-Oldenbüttel, Celia; Ghosn, Jade; van der Valk, Marc; Florence, Eric; Vera, Francisco; De Wit, Stéphane; Rami, Agathe; Bonnet, Fabrice; Hocqueloux, Laurent; Hove, Kai; Ait-Khaled, Mounir; DeMoor, Rebecca; Bontempo, Gilda; Latham, Christine L.; Gutner, Cassidy A.; Iyer, Supriya; Gill, Martin; Czarnogorski, Maggie; D’Amico, Ronald; van Wyk, Jean
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Background: Cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting (CAB + RPV LA) dosed every 2 months (Q2M) is a complete regimen for the maintenance of HIV-1 virologic suppression. Here, we report Month 12 clinical outcomes in patient study participants (PSPs) in the CARISEL study. Setting: CARISEL is a Phase 3b implementation–effectiveness study. Methods: CARISEL was designed as a two-arm, unblinded study with centers randomized to either enhanced or standard implementation arms. For PSPs, the study is single arm, unblinded, and interventional; all PSPs switched from daily oral therapy to CAB + RPV LA dosed Q2M. The primary objective was to evaluate the perceived acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of CAB + RPV LA implementation for staff participants (presented separately). Clinical secondary endpoints assessed through Month 12 included: the proportion of PSPs with plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL and
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBarth, Shannon K.; Monroe, Anne K.; Houston, Patricia; Benator, Debra; Horberg, Michael; Castel, Amanda D.; On behalf of the DC Cohort Executive Committee
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Background: Studies on the incidence of COVID-19 among persons with HIV (PWH) present varied results. Few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 infection on health and socioeconomic factors or COVID-19 stigma. We sought to measure the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection among a cohort of PWH, characterize associated risk factors and impact, and document perceptions of COVID-19-related stigma. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study come from the COVID-19 survey of participants in the DC Cohort longitudinal study from October 30, 2020 through December 31, 2022. Survey results were linked to electronic health records, including HIV labs and COVID test results. We conducted analyses comparing demographic, socioeconomic, HIV measures, and stigma among those with and without self-reported COVID-19. Results: Out of 1,972 survey respondents, 17% self-reported COVID-19 infection, with greatest incidence in the Omicron wave of the pandemic. We found statistically significant differences by age, employment status, essential worker status, education, and household income. Longer duration of HIV diagnosis was associated with greater incidence of COVID-19. PWH who were overweight or obese had greater incidence of COVID-19 compared to those who were not. Over 40% of PWH with COVID-19 reported experiencing at least one form of COVID-19-related stigma. Conclusion: We observed a high incidence of COVID-19 infection among PWH in DC. Further, a substantial proportion of PWH with COVID-19 reported experiencing COVID-19 related stigma. These findings add to the existing literature on COVID-19 co-infection among PWH and highlight the need for awareness and support for those experiencing COVID-19 stigma. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJi, Cheng; Chen, Liting; Kaypaghian, Marina
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Garrett, Nigel; Dintwe, One; Monaco, Cynthia L.; Jones, Megan; Seaton, Kelly E.; Church, E. Chandler; Grunenberg, Nicole; Hutter, Julia; deCamp, Allan; Huang, Yunda; Lu, Huiyin; Mann, Philipp; Robinson, Samuel T.; Heptinstall, Jack; Jensen, Ryan L.; Pantaleo, Giuseppe; Ding, Song; Koutsoukos, Marguerite; Hosseinipour, Mina C.; Van Der Meeren, Olivier; Gilbert, Peter B.; Ferrari, Guido; Andersen-Nissen, Erica; McElrath, M. Juliana; Tomaras, Georgia D.; Gray, Glenda E.; Corey, Lawrence; Kublin, James G.; on behalf of the HVTN 108 and HVTN 111 Study Teams
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Despite progress in HIV prevention and treatment, an estimated 1.3 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2022,1 highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. To date, the RV144 trial remains the only HIV vaccine trial that has demonstrated partial efficacy against acquisition.2 The Pox-Protein Public-Private Partnership (P5) was established with the aims of improving on RV144 by developing a vaccine capable of protecting against a broader diversity of HIV strains and achieving a better understanding of immune responses associated with preventing HIV infection.3 Vaccine concepts in the P5 program have focused on clade C immunogens, targeting predominant strains of East and Southern Africa, where approximately half of the 39 million people living with HIV reside.1 Despite progress in HIV prevention and treatment, an estimated 1.3 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2022,1 highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. To date, the RV144 trial remains the only HIV vaccine trial that has demonstrated partial efficacy against acquisition.2 The Pox-Protein Public-Private Partnership (P5) was established with the aims of improving on RV144 by developing a vaccine capable of protecting against a broader diversity of HIV strains and achieving a better understanding of immune responses associated with preventing HIV infection.3 Vaccine concepts in the P5 program have focused on clade C immunogens, targeting predominant strains of East and Southern Africa, where approximately half of the 39 million people living with HIV reside.1 The RV144 regimen, originally designed to protect against subtype B/E strains, was adapted to incorporate clade C antigens and adjuvanted with MF59®.4 This regimen demonstrated adequate immunogenicity in the HVTN100 phase 1/2a trial,5 and was further evaluated in the HVTN702 efficacy trial in South Africa, but ultimately discontinued due to non-efficacy.6 In parallel, the P5 designed the correlates program: a series of phase 1/2a trials to evaluate vaccine candidates based on favorable immune profiles of putative correlates of protection. These trials employed novel prime-boost and co-administration regimens, varied protein doses, and used new adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems, with an emphasis on shared immunological endpoints to allow for cross-study comparisons. Preclinical studies have shown promising immune responses using DNA/protein combination vaccines.7,8 A comparison of responses between HVTN100 (ALVAC) and HVTN111 (DNA) trials indicated that DNA priming with a protein boost led to increased antibody and cellular responses compared to priming with the canarypox vector.9 In the HVTN105 trial, both a DNA prime-protein boost and a co-administration regimen induced potent and durable V1/V2 binding antibody responses (a known correlate of lower HIV-1 infection risk in RV144), with co-administration inducing early antibody responses.10 Furthermore, in the HVTN096 trial, including gp120 Env protein at the priming stage, co-administered with either NYVAC or DNA, elicited earlier and even greater antibody responses.11 The adjuvant system 01 (AS01) has been successfully tested in vaccine trials for other infectious diseases including malaria,12 shingles,13,14 and tuberculosis.15 Some HIV vaccine studies have also used AS01 and have shown that it contributes to the induction of robust and persistent cellular and humoral responses.16,17 MF59® has likewise been used in several licensed vaccines and pre-clinical studies,18 inducing strong and durable T-cell memory and humoral responses. MF59® was also used in HVTN studies with ALVAC 5 and was therefore chosen for comparison with AS01B in this trial. Thus, the aim of the HVTN108 trial was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine with different HIV clade C protein doses, adjuvanted with MF59® or AS01B, and dosed in prime-boost or co-administration regimens. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHernandez, Alexandra L.; Hilton, Joan F.; Weatherly, Christopher Scott; Berry-Lawhorn, J. Michael; Jay, Naomi; Brickman, Cristina; Wang, Chia-ching J; Kauffman, Jason; Calderon, Joanne; Farhat, Sepideh; Costa, Maria DA; Akha, Arezou Sadighi; Darragh, Teresa; Palefsky, Joel M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Background: Anal cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV-16, and is preceded by anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). The incidence of anal cancer is highest among men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV (MSMLWH) and increases with age. However, most previous studies of anal HPV infection and anal HSIL were performed on men under 50 years of age, and relatively little is known about HSIL among older MSMLWH or MSM not living with HIV (MSM-Not-LWH). Setting: We enrolled MSM who were aged 50+ during 2018-2022 in San Francisco, California. Methods: 129 MSMLWH and 109 MSM-not-LWH participated. All participants had anal HPV DNA testing (Atila Biosystems) and high-resolution anoscopy with biopsy of visible lesions. Results: Among MSMLWH, 47% had anal HSIL, 19% had HPV-16, and 51% had other oncogenic anal HPV types (excluding HPV-16). Among MSM-not-LWH, 37% had anal HSIL, 22% had HPV-16, and 34% had other oncogenic anal HPV types. Increasing age was not statistically associated with prevalent HSIL, HPV-16, or other oncogenic HPV infections in MSMLWH or MSM-not-LWH. HPV-16 (OR:45.1, 95% CI:15.8-129), other oncogenic HPV types (OR:5.95, 95% CI:2.74-12.9) were associated with increased odds of anal HSIL, adjusted for age, income, education, and HIV status. Conclusion: The prevalence of oncogenic anal HPV, anal HPV-16, and anal HSIL remain very high in older MSMLWH and MSM-not-LWH. With recent evidence showing that treating anal HSIL prevents anal cancer, MSM aged 50+ should be considered for anal cancer screening. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRohr, Julia K.; Manne-Goehler, Jennifer; Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier; Kahn, Kathleen; Bärnighausen, Till W.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Background: As people with HIV grow older, stable engagement in care is essential for healthy aging. We evaluate the HIV care cascade for older adults in rural South Africa at two time points cross-sectionally and assess movement in the cascade over time. Setting: We evaluated cascade stage at Waves 1 (2014-2015) and 2 (2018-2019) of HAALSI, a population-based longitudinal cohort study in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Methods: Biomarker screening defined cascade stages (HIV+/No antiretroviral therapy [ART]; ART+/Unsuppressed viral load; ART+/Suppressed viral load). Between-wave probability of death, cascade progression, regression, cascade transitions, and sociodemographic predictors were assessed with Poisson regression. The impact of death was considered using the Fine and Gray competing risk model. Results: We observed higher prevalence of ART with viral suppression over time (50% in Wave 1 vs. 70% in Wave 2). Among those alive, the oldest age group (70+ yo) was most likely to have cascade progression (aRR for treatment initiation vs. 40-49 yo: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.02-1.86)). However, there was significant risk of death and cascade regression. Death between waves reached 40% for 70+ year olds who were ART+/Unsuppressed. In competing risk models, older age was associated with equivalent or less cascade progression. Conclusion: Older age groups who were unsuppressed on treatment and males had poorer cascade outcomes. Improvements observed in HIV treatment coverage over time for older adults must be interpreted in the context of high risk of death for older HIV-positive adults, especially among those failing treatment. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRoss, Jeremy L; Teeraananchai, Sirinya; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Lee, Man Po; Ditangco, Rossana; Rajasuriar, Reena; Kim, Jung Ho; Gatechompol, Sivaporn; Chan, Iris; Echanis Melgar, Maria Isabel; Chong, Meng Li; Jiamsakul, Awachana; Sohn, Annette H.; Law, Matthew; Choi, Jun Yong; on behalf of the Substance use, Stigma, Depression and Disability (S2D2) study group of IeDEA Asia-Pacific
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Background Mental health and substance use disorders are common among people living with HIV and are associated with high-risk sexual behaviors, such as unprotected sex and multiple sexual partners, but Asia-Pacific data are limited. Methods Adult PLHIV in care at five Asia-Pacific HIV clinics were enrolled at routine clinic visits between July 2019 and June 2020. Depression, substance use, sexual practice and socio-demographic data were collected using PHQ-9, ASSIST, and a study-specific questionnaire. Clinical data were accessed from medical records. Risk factors for medium- to high-risk sexual practices, defined based on total scores from the sexual practice questionnaire assessing number of sexual partners and condom use, were analyzed using logistic regression. Moderate to severe depression was defined as a PHQ-9 score >9, and moderate- to high-risk substance use as an ASSIST score >11 for alcohol or >4 for other substances. Results Among 723 participants, median age was 38 years, 89% were male, 99% were on ART and 37% had medium- to high-risk sexual practices. Medium- to high-risk sexual practices were more common among those
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Abstract In an area endemic with Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we performed direct xenodiagnosis to evaluate the transmission of Leishmania donovani from patients with VL–human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection to the vector sandflies, Phlebotomus argentipes. Fourteen patients with confirmed VL-HIV coinfection, with a median parasitemia of 42 205 parasite genome/mL of blood, were exposed to 732 laboratory-reared pathogen-free female P argentipes sandflies on their lower arms and legs. Microscopy revealed that 16.66% (122/732) of blood-fed flies were xenodiagnosis positive. Notably, 93% (13/14) of the VL-HIV group infected the flies, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or microscopy, and were 3 times more infectious than those who had VL without HIV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKidman, R., Mwera, J., Rui, Y., Breton, E., Zulu, A., Behrman, J., Kohler, H.-P.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
PurposeThe Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH-ACE) is a study of adolescents surveyed during 2017–2021. It provides an important opportunity to examine the longitudinal impact of ACEs on health and development across the early life course. The MLSFH-ACE cohort provides rich data on adolescents, their children and adult caregivers in a low-income, high-HIV-prevalence context in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). ParticipantsThe MLSFH-ACE cohort is a population-based study of adolescents living in three districts in rural Malawi. Wave 1 enrolment took place in 2017–2018 and included 2061 adolescents aged 10–16 years and 1438 caregivers. Wave 2 took place in 2021 and included data on 1878 adolescents and 208 offspring. Survey instruments captured ACEs during childhood and adolescence, HIV-related behavioural risk, mental and physical health, cognitive development and education, intimate partner violence (IPV), marriage and aspirations, early transitions to adulthood and protective factors. Biological indicators included HIV, herpes simplex virus and anthropometric measurements. Findings to dateKey findings include a high prevalence of ACEs among adolescents in Malawi, a low incidence of HIV and positive associations between ACE scores and composite HIV risk scores. There were also strong associations between ACEs and both IPV victimisation and perpetration. Future plansMLSFH-ACE data will be publicly released and will provide a wealth of information on ACEs and adolescent outcomes in low-income, HIV-endemic SSA contexts. Future expansions of the cohort are planned to capture data during early adulthood.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Abstract Background Early prediction of mortality in individuals with HIV (PWH) has perpetually posed a formidable challenge. With the widespread integration of machine learning into clinical practice, some researchers endeavor to formulate models predicting the mortality risk for PWH. Nevertheless, the diverse timeframes of mortality among PWH and the potential multitude of modeling variables have cast doubt on the efficacy of the current predictive model for HIV-related deaths. To address this, we undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis, aiming to comprehensively assess the utilization of machine learning in the early prediction of HIV-related deaths and furnish evidence-based support for the advancement of artificial intelligence in this domain. Methods We systematically combed through the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases on November 25, 2023. To evaluate the bias risk in the original studies included, we employed the Predictive Model Bias Risk Assessment Tool (PROBAST). During the meta-analysis, we conducted subgroup analysis based on survival and non-survival models. Additionally, we utilized meta-regression to explore the influence of death time on the predictive value of the model for HIV-related deaths. Results After our comprehensive review, we analyzed a total of 24 pieces of literature, encompassing data from 401,389 individuals diagnosed with HIV. Within this dataset, 23 articles specifically delved into deaths during long-term follow-ups outside hospital settings. The machine learning models applied for predicting these deaths comprised survival models (COX regression) and other non-survival models. The outcomes of the meta-analysis unveiled that within the training set, the c-index for predicting deaths among people with HIV (PWH) using predictive models stands at 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.91). In the validation set, the c-index is slightly lower at 0.81 (95% CI: 0.78–0.85). Notably, the meta-regression analysis demonstrated that neither follow-up time nor the occurrence of death events significantly impacted the performance of the machine learning models. Conclusions The study suggests that machine learning is a viable approach for developing non-time-based predictions regarding HIV deaths. Nevertheless, the limited inclusion of original studies necessitates additional multicenter studies for thorough validation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Abstract Background The incidence of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection has increased in recent years with the development of organ transplantation and the widespread use of immunosuppressive agents. However, the lack of clinical suspicion leading to delay or misdiagnosis is an important reason for the high mortality rate in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-endemic population. Herein, we report a case of disseminated T. marneffei infection in a non-HIV and non-endemic recipient after renal transplant, who initially presented with skin rashes and subcutaneous nodules and developed gastrointestinal bleeding. Case presentation We describe a 54-year-old renal transplantation recipient presented with scattered rashes, subcutaneous nodules and ulcerations on the head, face, abdomen, and right upper limb. The HIV antibody test was negative. The patient had no obvious symptoms such as fever, cough, etc. Histopathological result of the skin lesion sites showed chronic suppurative inflammation with a large number of fungal spores. Subsequent fungal culture suggested T. marneffei infection. Amphotericin B deoxycholate was given for antifungal treatment, and there was no deterioration in the parameters of liver and kidney function. Unfortunately, the patient was soon diagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation and acute peritonitis. Then he rapidly developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and abandoned treatment. Conclusions The risk of fatal gastrointestinal bleeding can be significantly increased in kidney transplant patients with T. marneffei infection because of the long-term side effects of post-transplant medications. Strengthening clinical awareness and using mNGS or mass spectrometry technologies to improve the detection rate and early diagnosis of T. marneffei are crucial for clinical treatment in non-HIV and non-endemic population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Abstract Background Despite antiretroviral treatment (ART), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to pose a considerable health burden in resource-poor countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled incidence density of mortality and identify potential predictors among HIV-infected children receiving ART, from studies conducted in various parts of Ethiopia. Methods A comprehensive database search was made in Excerpta Medica, PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and Scopus. We reported results following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020. Excel Spreadsheet and STATA Version 14 software were used for data abstraction and meta-analysis, respectively. Statistical heterogeneity among studies was assessed using I2 statistics. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to further explore the sources of statistical heterogeneity. Moreover, publication bias and a leave-out-one sensitivity analysis were performed. Results Twenty-two articles involving 8,731 participants met inclusion criteria and were included. The pooled incidence density of mortality was 3.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.52 to 3.64) per 100 child years. Predictors of mortality were living in rural areas (hazard ratio (HR), 2.18 [95% CI, 1.20 to 3.98]), poor adherence to ART (HR, 2.85 [ 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.88]), failure to initiate co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (HR, 2.16 [95% CI, 1.52 to 3.07]), anemia (HR, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.51 to 3.45]), opportunistic infections (HR, 1.52 [ 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.00]), underweight (HR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.26 to 2.41]), wasting (HR, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.56 to 4.16]), stunting (HR, 2.02 [95% CI, 1.63 to 2.51]), World Health Organization classified HIV clinical stages III and IV (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.42 to 2.05]), and Nevirapine-based regimens (HR, 3.91 [95% CI, 3.09 to 4.95]). Conclusions This study found that the overall mortality rate among HIV-infected children after ART initiation was high. Therefore, high-level commitment and involvement of responsible caregivers, healthcare providers, social workers, and program managers are of paramount importance to identify these risk factors and thus enhance the survival of HIV-infected children receiving ART.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexandra BlancoRobert A. CoronadoNeha ArunKelly MaRoy D. DarCollin KiefferaDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801bDepartment of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 19, May 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Abstract Background Our Hospital in Northern Italy assists 3817 people living with HIV (PLWH) and has faced the impact of COVID-19. Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the risk of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs) onset. We aim to assess the incidence of PCC in PLWH and the factors associated with its occurrence. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational study including all PLWH > 18 years registered in the Brescia Health Protection Agency database, assessing SARS-CoV-2 burden, vaccination status, socio-demographic, and viro-immunological parameters from February 2020 until May 2022. Persistence of self-reported symptoms (clustered into gastrointestinal, respiratory, osteo-muscular, and neuro-behavioral symptoms) was evaluated after 3 months by a telephone-administered questionnaire. We estimated the associations between all variables and outcomes through univariate and multivariable logistic models. Results In the study period, 653 PLWH were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection (17.1%). We observed 19 (2.9%) reinfections, 71 (10.9%) hospitalizations, and 3 (0.5%) deaths. We interviewed 510/653 PLWH (78%), and 178 (PCCs prevalence 34.9%; CI 95% 30.7–39.2) reported persistent symptoms. Asthenia/fatigue was the most reported symptom (60/178), followed by muscular pain (54/178). In the multivariate regression model, there was a lower risk of PCCs in males respect to females (adjusted OR = 0.64; CI 95% 0.99–3.66), while hospitalization during acute infection was associated with an increased the risk of PCCs (adjusted OR = 1.9; CI 95% 0.99–3.66). Notably, no viro-immunological variable modified the PCCs risk onset. Conclusions Our study highlights a substantial prevalence of PCCs among PLWH, three months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, independent of viro-immunological features or vaccination status.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaura Narciso, Martina Topini, Sonia Ferraiuolo, Giovanni Ianiro, Cinzia Marianelli
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
by Laura Narciso, Martina Topini, Sonia Ferraiuolo, Giovanni Ianiro, Cinzia Marianelli The survival of the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which has a crucial role in pollination and ecosystem maintenance, is threatened by many pathogens, including parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses. The ectoparasite Varroa destructor is considered the major cause of the worldwide decline in honey bee colony health. Although several synthetic acaricides are available to control Varroa infestations, resistant mites and side effects on bees have been documented. The development of natural alternatives for mite control is therefore encouraged. The study aims at exploring the effects of cinnamon and oregano essential oils (EOs) and of a mixed fruit cocktail juice on mite infestation levels and bee colony health. A multi-method study including hive inspection, mite count, molecular detection of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, analysis of defensin-1, hymenoptaecin and vitellogenin immune gene expression, colony density and honey production data, was conducted in a 20-hive experimental apiary. The colonies were divided into five groups: four treatment groups and one control group. The treatment groups were fed on a sugar syrup supplemented with cinnamon EO, oregano EO, a 1:1 mixture of both EOs, or a juice cocktail. An unsupplemented syrup was, instead, used to feed the control group. While V. destructor affected all the colonies throughout the study, no differences in mite infestation levels, population density and honey yield were observed between treatment and control groups. An overexpression of vitellogenin was instead found in all EO-treated groups, even though a significant difference was only found in the group treated with the 1:1 EO mixture. Viral (DWV, CBPV and BQCV), fungal (Nosema ceranae) and bacterial (Melissococcus plutonius) pathogens from both symptomatic and asymptomatic colonies were detected.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTang, J., Ren, J., Wang, H., Shi, M., Jia, X., Zhang, L.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the caregiving behaviours and supportive needs of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS and provide a basis for healthcare institutions to carry out caregiver interventions. DesignA purposive sampling method was used to select 11 caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS in the Infectious Disease Department of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, to conduct semistructured interviews. Colaizzi analysis was used to collate and analyse the interview data. SettingAll interviews were conducted at a tertiary hospital specialising in infectious diseases in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. ParticipantsWe purposively sampled 11 caregivers of people with HIV/AIDS, including nine women and two men. ResultsAnalysing the results from the perspective of iceberg theory, three thematic layers were identified: behavioural, value and belief. The behavioural layer includes a lack of awareness of the disease, physical and mental coping disorders, and an increased sense of stigma; the values layer includes a heightened sense of responsibility, the constraints of traditional gender norms, the influence of strong family values and the oppression of public opinion and morality and the belief layer includes the faith of standing together through storms and stress. ConclusionHealthcare professionals should value the experiences of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS and provide professional support to improve their quality of life.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Abstract Antiretrovirals are often approved by the Food and Drug Administration without sufficient safety data regarding their use in pregnancy. To quantify this delay, we calculated the interval from the approval date to their inclusion in the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry prospective analysis (≥ 200 first trimester exposures); median delay was six years.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDjiadeu, P., Begum, H., Archibald, C., Ekmekjian, T., Busa, G., Dansoh, J., Van Nguyen, P., Merckx, J., Fleurant, A.
BMJ Open, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
IntroductionHIV is a major public health issue affecting millions globally. Women and girls account for 46% of new HIV infections in 2022 and approximately 1.3 million females become pregnant every year. Vertical transmission of HIV from persons living with HIV (PLHIV) to infants may occur through different modalities, such as through breast/chest feeding. Notably, 82% of PLHIV who chose to breast/chest feed are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) when feeding their infants. Precise estimates of the risk of postpartum transmission to infants during breast/chest feeding at varying viral load levels remain a significant gap in the literature. Methods and analysisA rapid systematic search of electronic databases will be conducted from January 2005 to the present, including Medline, Embase and Global Health. The objective of this rapid review is to explore and assess the available evidence on the effect of varying viral load levels on the risk of HIV transmission to infants during breast/chest feeding when the birthing or gestational parent living with HIV is on ART. Study characteristics will be summarised and reported to support the narrative summary of the findings. The focus will be on the absolute risk of HIV transmission from birthing parent to infant during chest/breast feeding. The findings will also be stratified by month, including the risk of HIV transmission for 6 months and greater than 6 months postpartum. We will ascertain the risk of bias using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2, Quality of Prognosis Studies and Downs and Black checklist for the appropriate study type. A summary score will not be calculated, rather the strengths and limitations of the studies will be narratively described. Ethics and disseminationNo human subjects will be involved in the research. The findings of this rapid review will inform a future systematic review and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, presentations and conferences. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024499393.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 6.05.2024
Tilføjet 6.05.2024
Abstract This case report describes bimonthly LAI CAB/RPV prior to and throughout pregnancy. CAB concentration was comparable to non-pregnant individuals, RPV was 70-75% lower. No virologic failure orvertical transmission occurred. Despite placental transfer, no congenital malformations were noted. Bimonthly CAB/RPV LAI may not be suitable for pregnant women and monitoring of exposed infants is warranted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 6.05.2024
Tilføjet 6.05.2024
Abstract This case-control study explored cumulative tenofovir exposure among patients with HIV/HBV co-infection with HIV viral suppression. Among patients taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, median TFV-DP levels in dried blood spots were ∼3-fold lower among patients with incomplete HBV viral suppression (n=4) compared to those with complete suppression (n=5) (516 vs.1456 fmol/punch).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKelong HanParul PatelScott McCallisterAlex R. RinehartYash GandhiWilliam SpreenRaphael J. LandovitzSinead Delany-MoretlweMark A. MarzinkeTodd McKeonPiotr BudnikJean van WykSusan L. Ford1GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA2ViiV Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA3ViiV Healthcare, Branford, Connecticut, USA4Center for Clinical AIDS Research and Education, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA5Wits RHI, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa6Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA7ViiV Healthcare, Brentford, United Kingdom8GSK, Durham, North Carolina, USA, Ryan K. Shields
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 6.05.2024
Tilføjet 6.05.2024
Norma Rallón, Daniel Jiménez‐Carretero, Clara Restrepo, José M. Ligos, Jaime Valentín‐Quiroga, Ignacio Mahillo, Alfonso Cabello, Eduardo López‐Collazo, Fátima Sánchez‐Cabo, Miguel Górgolas, Vicente Estrada, José M. Benito, ECRIS integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
Norma Rallón, Daniel Jiménez‐Carretero, Clara Restrepo, José M. Ligos, Jaime Valentín‐Quiroga, Ignacio Mahillo, Alfonso Cabello, Eduardo López‐Collazo, Fátima Sánchez‐Cabo, Miguel Górgolas, Vicente Estrada, José M. Benito, ECRIS integrated in the Spanish AIDS Research Network
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
Raya Vinogradov, Eleanor Holden, Mehali Patel, Rowan Grigg, Linda Errington, Vera Araújo-Soares, Judith Rankin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
by Raya Vinogradov, Eleanor Holden, Mehali Patel, Rowan Grigg, Linda Errington, Vera Araújo-Soares, Judith Rankin Introduction Women at increased risk of developing pre-eclampsia are advised to take a daily low-dose of aspirin from 12 weeks of pregnancy to reduce their risks. Despite the well-established prophylactic effect of aspirin, adherence to this therapy is low. This systematic review aimed to summarise evidence on the barriers and facilitators of adherence to low-dose aspirin to inform intervention development to support decision making and persistence with aspirin use for pre-eclampsia prevention. Materials and methods A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research was co-produced by representatives from charities, and public, clinical and academic members. Eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Prospero, OpenGrey), archives of charities and professional organisations were searched (between October and November 2023 and re-run in August 2023) using predefined search terms. Studies containing qualitative components related to barriers and facilitators of adherence to low-dose aspirin during pregnancy were included. Quality assessment was performed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research. A combination of the COM-B framework with phases of adherence process as defined by international taxonomy was used as the coding framework. Co-production activities were facilitated by use of ‘Zoom’ and ‘Linoit’. Results From a total of 3377 papers identified through our searches, five published studies and one dissertation met our inclusion criteria. Studies were published from 2019 to 2022 covering research conducted in the USA, Canada, UK, Netherlands and Australia. Barriers and facilitators to adherence were mapped to six categories of the COM-B for three phases of adherence: initiation, implementation, and discontinuation. The discontinuation phase of adherence was only mentioned by one author. Four key themes were identified relating to pregnancy: ‘Insufficient knowledge’, ‘Necessity concerns balance’, ‘Access to medicine’, ‘Social influences’, and ‘Lack of Habit’. Conclusions The COM-B framework allowed for detailed mapping of key factors shaping different phases of adherence in behavioural change terms and now provides a solid foundation for the development of a behavioural intervention. Although potential intervention elements could be suggested based on the results of this synthesis, additional co-production work is needed to define elements and plan for the delivery of the future intervention. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42022359718. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022359718.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRaphael Adu-Gyamfi, Juliana Enos, Kwame Yeboah, Veronika Shabanova, Nicola Hawley, Deda Alangea Ogum, Adwoa Agyei Nkansah, Elijah Paintsil, Kwasi Torpey
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
by Raphael Adu-Gyamfi, Juliana Enos, Kwame Yeboah, Veronika Shabanova, Nicola Hawley, Deda Alangea Ogum, Adwoa Agyei Nkansah, Elijah Paintsil, Kwasi Torpey Background Although AIDS-related deaths have reduced with increased access to antiretroviral care, cardiovascular disease-related morbidities among persons living with HIV are rising. Contributing to this is the higher incidence of Hypertension among Persons Living with HIV. The duration of exposure to the virus and antiretroviral drugs plays a vital role in the pathogenesis, putting perinatally infected children and adolescents at higher risk than behaviorally-infected ones, supporting the calls for increased surveillance of Hypertension among them. Despite the availability of guidelines to support this surveillance, the blood pressure (BP) of adolescents living with HIV (ADLHIV) is not checked during clinical visits. This study aims to assess the effect of a theory-based intervention on healthcare workers’ adherence to the guidelines for hypertension screening among adolescents. Methods A multi-facility cluster-randomized study will be conducted. The clusters will be 20 antiretroviral therapy sites in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana with the highest adolescent caseload. Data will be extracted from the folders of adolescents (10–17 years) who received care in these facilities six months before the study. The ART staff of intervention facilities will receive a multicomponent theory of planned behaviour-based intervention. This will include orientation on hypertension risk among ADLHIV, provision of job aids and pediatric sphygmomanometers. Six months after the intervention, the outcome measure will be the change from baseline in the proportion of ADLHIV whose BP was checked during clinical visits. The calculated sample size is 400 folders. Implications of findings This study will generate evidence on the effectiveness of a multicomponent theory-based intervention for improving the implementation of clinical practice guidelines. Trial registration PACTR202205641023383.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
Abstract We evaluated hair tenofovir (TFV) concentrations as an adherence metric for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) during pregnancy and postpartum and compared hair levels with tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) levels in dried blood spots (DBS). Overall, 152 hair samples from 102 women and 36 hair-DBS paired samples from 29 women were collected from a subset of women in a cluster randomized trial. Having a partner known to be living with HIV was associated with higher hair TFV levels (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
Human Immunodeficiency VirusSocioeconomic FactorsPopulation HealthHealth EquitySocial Determinants of HealthFood is Medicine
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
Abstract Background Policy support for “Food is Medicine”—medically tailored meals or groceries to improve health—is rapidly growing. No randomized trials have heretofore investigated the benefits of medically tailored food programs for people living with HIV (PLHIV).Methods The CHEFS-HIV pragmatic randomized trial included PLHIV who were clients of Project Open Hand (POH), a San Francisco-based nonprofit food organization. The intervention arm (n = 93) received comprehensive medically tailored meals, groceries, and nutritional education. Control participants (n = 98) received less intensive (POH “standard of care”) food services. Health, nutrition, and behavioral outcomes were assessed at baseline and 6 months later. Primary outcomes measured were viral non-suppression and health related quality of life. Mixed models estimated treatment effects as differences-in-differences between arms.Results The intervention arm had lower odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.11), food insecurity (OR = 0.23), depressive symptoms (OR = 0.32), antiretroviral therapy adherence
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaxwell Philip Omondi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
by Maxwell Philip Omondi Introduction The HIV/AIDS continues being a significant global public health priority in the 21st century with social and economic consequences Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) occurs when an HIV-infected woman passes the virus to her infant and about 90% of these MTCT infections occurs in Africa where children and infants are still dying of HIV. Early definitive diagnosis using Deoxyribonucleic acid reaction of HIV infection in infants is critical to ensuring that HIV-infected infants receive appropriate and timely care and treatment to reduce HIV related morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess the Infant Deoxyribonucleic acid–Polymerase Chain Reaction (DNA-PCR) Turnaround Time (TAT) of dry blood spots and associated factors in Vihiga, Bungoma, Kakamega and Busia counties, in Kenya. Method A mixed methods study using a) retrospectively collected data from Ministry of Health Laboratory registers, Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) database from 28 health facilities and b) 9 key informant interviews with laboratory in-charges were conducted. A total of 2,879 HIV exposed babies’ data were abstracted from January 2012 to June 2013. Results The mean TAT from specimen collection and results received back at the facilities was 46.90 days, Vihiga county having the shortest mean duration at 33.7days and Kakamega county having the longest duration at 51.7days (p = 0.001). In addition, the mean transport time from specimen collection and receipt at Alupe Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) reference Laboratory was 16.50 days. Vihiga County had the shortest transport time at 13.01 days while Busia had the longest at 18.99 days (p = 0.001). Longer TAT was due to the batching of specimens at the peripheral health facilities and hubbing to the nearest referral hospitals. Conclusion The TAT for DNA-PCR specimen was 46.90 days with Vihiga County having the shortest TAT due to lack of specimen batching and hubbing. Recommendation Discourage specimen batching/hubbing and support point-of-care early infant diagnosis (EID) tests.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKyo J.P.H. Renshof, Yorick Sandberg
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
A 70-year-old man with a healthy history was admitted with weight loss, anemia (hemoglobin 9.8 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (platelets 111 × 109/L). Physical examination uncovered axillary lymphadenopathy. Peripheral blood (PB) analysis showed leukocytes at 5.3 × 109L (neutrophils 3.1 × 109/L, lymphocytes 1.1 × 109/L), and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (IgG 47.4 g/L, IgA 7.1 g/L, IgM 6.0 g/L). PB smear showed rouleaux formation and 1% plasma cells. Bone marrow (BM) aspirate smear (Figure 1A) and trephine core BM biopsy (Figure 1B) revealed significant plasmacytosis, without light-chain restriction with 15-20% CD138+ plasma cells (Figure 1C).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKelebie, M. A., Tinsae, T., Alemayehu, B. F., Walelign, G. K., Takelle, G. M.
BMJ Open, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of neurocognitive disorder among people living with HIV/AIDS in South Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia, 2023. DesignInstitution-based cross-sectional study design. SettingSouth Gondar primary hospitals, North-West Ethiopia. Participants608 participants were recruited using the systematic random sampling technique. MeasurementData were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and medical chart reviews. The International HIV Dementia Scale was used to screen for neurocognitive disorder. The data were entered through EPI-DATA V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.21 statistical software for analysis. In the bivariable logistic regression analyses, variables with a value of p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlex J. Holloway, Tais B. Saito, Kubra F. Naqvi, Matthew B. Huante, Xiuzhen Fan, Joshua G. Lisinicchia, Benjamin B. Gelman, Janice J. Endsley and Mark A. Endsley
Retrovirology, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
The study of HIV infection and pathogenicity in physical reservoirs requires a biologically relevant model. The human immune system (HIS) mouse is an established model of HIV infection, but defects in immune t...
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSteven K. GrinspoonMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA sgrinspoon@mgh.harvard.edu, Heather J. RibaudoHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Pamela S. DouglasDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
New England Journal of Medicine, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 17, Page 1626-1628, May 2, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Existing research in Ethiopia has primarily focused on the individual epidemiology of HIV and HBV, often overlooking the intricate dynamics of co-infection. This study aims to address this gap by comprehensively exploring the prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection and the associated factors influencing co-infection rates within the specific context of ART clinics. The existing study provides limited insights into the unique challenges posed by this dual infection in the Ethiopian population receiving ART. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among people living with HIV aged 18 years and above attending ART clinics in northeast Ethiopia from April to May 2022. A sample size of 350(97% response rate) participants was selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi Data version software and was exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics using Frequency, proportion, and summary measures were done. Binary logistic regressions were done to identify independent variables associated with HBV infection among HIV patients. A P-value less than 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval non-inclusive of one was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) was identified constituting 7.14% of the study population. Females [AOR] 0.14; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [0.041–0.478]). Participants with an educational status of only reading and writing (AOR 8.7; 95% CI [1.143–66.5]). Single individuals (AOR 2.04; 95% CI [1.346–28.6]) were associated factors. Moreover, participants with a viral load exceeding 1000 copies/ml were 6.5 times more likely to be infected with HBV compared to those with undetectable viral loads (AOR 6.53, 95% CI [1.87–22.72]). Additionally, individuals with a CD4 count ranging from 351 to 500 cells/ml were 1.2 times more likely to be infected with HBV compared to those with a CD4 count of 500 cells/ml or above (AOR 10.4, 95% CI [1.28-85]). Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection was found to be intermediate in HIV-infected patients in the study area. Being male, marital status of single and divorced, educational level was only read and written, current viral load of > 1000 copies/ml &
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in the placenta, and the resulting inflammatory response affects maternal and child health. Despite existing information, little is known about the direct impact of P. falciparum on the placental barrier formed by trophoblast and villous stroma. This study aimed to assess placental tissue damage caused by P. falciparum in human placental explants (HPEs). Methods HPEs from chorionic villi obtained of human term placentas (n = 9) from normal pregnancies were exposed to P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) for 24 h. HPEs were embedded in paraffin blocks and used to study tissue damage through histopathological and histochemical analysis and apoptosis using TUNEL staining. Culture supernatants were collected to measure cytokine and angiogenic factors and to determine LDH activity as a marker of cytotoxicity. A subset of archived human term placenta paraffin-embedded blocks from pregnant women with malaria were used to confirm ex vivo findings. Results Plasmodium falciparum-IE significantly damages the trophoblast layer and the villous stroma of the chorionic villi. The increased LDH activity and pathological findings such as syncytial knots, fibrin deposits, infarction, trophoblast detachment, and collagen disorganization supported these findings. The specific damage to the trophoblast and the thickening of the subjacent basal lamina were more pronounced in the ex vivo infection. In contrast, apoptosis was higher in the in vivo infection. This disparity could be attributed to the duration of exposure to the infection, which significantly varied between individuals naturally exposed over time and the 24-h exposure in the ex vivo HPE model. Conclusion Exposure to P. falciparum-IE induces a detachment of the syncytiotrophoblast, disorganization of the stroma villi, and an increase in apoptosis, alterations that may be associated with adverse results such as intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaura-Lázaro, Anna; Augusto, Orvalho; Fernández-Luis, Sheila; López-Varela, Elisa; Fuente-Soro, Laura; Bila, Dulce; Tovela, Milagre; Macuacua, Nello; Vaz, Paula; Couto, Aleny; Bruno, Carmen; Naniche, Denise
AIDS, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Objective: Evaluate the effect of three multi-month dispensing (3MMD) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on HIV care retention in southern Mozambique. Design: Retrospective cohort study Methods: We analysed routine health data from people living with HIV (PLHIV) ≥10 years old who started ART between January 2018 and March 2021. Individuals were followed until December 2021. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to compare attrition (lost to follow-up, death, and transfer out) between 3MMD and monthly ART dispensing. Results were stratified by time on ART before 3MMD enrolment: “early enrollers” (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhao, Jing; Dong, Yongquan; Clark, Eva; Garcia, Jose M.; White, Donna L.; Kramer, Jennifer R.; Mazul, Angela L.; Hartman, Christine; Chiao, Elizabeth Y.
AIDS, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Objectives: People living with HIV (PWH) may have an increased burden of penile cancer. We aimed to evaluate the risk of penile cancer in PWH compared to that of the general population. Design: We conducted a nationwide retrospective matched cohort study of penile cancer incidence among veterans living with HIV (VWH) compared to veterans without HIV. Methods: We compared penile cancer incidence rates in 44,173 VWH to those of veterans without Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (N = 159,443; 4:1 matched in age. We used Cox regression models to estimate Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with HIV infection and for penile cancer risk factors. Results: HIV positivity was associated with an increased risk of penile cancer, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 2.63 (95% CI: 1.64-4.23) when adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, baseline BMI, smoking and alcohol use, economic means test, and history of condyloma. The risk increased to HR = 4.25 (95% CI: 2.75-6.57) when adjusting for all factors except history of condyloma. Risk factors for penile cancer in VWH included lower nadir CD4 count,
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFilip, Iulia
AIDS, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Fredrick KizitoKien NguyenUri MbonyeMeenakshi ShuklaBenjamin LuttgeMary Ann CheckleyAnna AgaponovaKonstantin LeskovJonathan KarnaDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah N’Da Konan, Emmanuel Ségéral, Fabienne Bejjani, Maryam Bendoumou, Mélissa Ait Said, Sarah Gallois-Montbrun and Stéphane Emiliani
Retrovirology, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Chibamba Mumba, Zoran Muhimbe, Victor Mapulanga, Musonda Kawimbe, Keagan Mutale, Anglin Hamasuku, Jane Musumali, Nicholas K. Mwale, Owen Ngalamika
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Chibamba Mumba, Zoran Muhimbe, Victor Mapulanga, Musonda Kawimbe, Keagan Mutale, Anglin Hamasuku, Jane Musumali, Nicholas K. Mwale, Owen Ngalamika Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) occurs more frequently in some developing countries compared to developed countries. Infection with HIV and/or high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) are risk factors for penile cancer development. The tumor microenvironment of PSCC may predict prognosis and may inform on the best targets for immunotherapy. We evaluated the immune microenvironment of penile tumors histologically, and determined whether and/or how HIV and/or hrHPV infections affect this tumor microenvironment. We conducted a prospective analytical cross-sectional study in which penile cancer tumors from 35 patients presenting at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia were histologically staged and assessed for presence of tumor infiltrating immune cells and expression of immune checkpoints. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate immune checkpoints and infiltrating immune cells, while multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for hrHPV genotyping. The median age of all participants was 55 years. About 24% had advanced histological stage, 83% were HIV+, and 63% had hrHPV detected in their tumors using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. PDL1 expression was significantly higher in HIV- participants than HIV+ participants (p = 0.02). Tumors with multiple hrHPV infections had a significantly higher number of cells expressing TIM3 than those with one hrHPV (p = 0.04). High grade tumors had a significantly higher infiltrate of FoxP3+ cells (p = 0.02), CD68+ cells (p = 0.01), CD163+ cells (p = 0.01), LAG3+ cells (p = 0.01), PD1+ cells (p = 0.01) and TIM3+ cells (p = 0.03) when compared with low grade tumours. There was significant moderate to strong positive correlation of cells expressing PD1 and LAG3 (⍴ = 0.69; p = 0.0001), PD1 and TIM3 (⍴ = 0.49; p = 0.017) and TIM3 and LAG3 PDL1 (⍴ = 0.61; p = 0.001). In conclusion, the tumor microenvironment of penile squamous cell carcinoma seems to be affected by both HIV and HPV infections. TIM3 appears to be a potential therapeutic target in PSCC patients with hrHPV infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaraiva, I. E., Hamahata, N., Huang, D. T., Kane-Gill, S. L., Rivosecchi, R. M., Shiva, S., Nolin, T. D., Chen, X., Minturn, J., Chang, C.-C. H., Li, X., Kellum, J., Gomez, H.
BMJ Open, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis associated with increased risk of death. Preclinical data and observational human studies suggest that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, an ubiquitous master regulator of energy that can limit mitochondrial injury, with metformin may protect against sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) and mortality. The Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety and FeasibiLity of Metformin as a Treatment for sepsis-associated AKI (LiMiT AKI) aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of enteral metformin in patients with sepsis at risk of developing SA-AKI. Methods and analysisBlind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in a single-centre, quaternary teaching hospital in the USA. We will enrol adult patients (18 years of age or older) within 48 hours of meeting Sepsis-3 criteria, admitted to intensive care unit, with oral or enteral access. Patients will be randomised 1:1:1 to low-dose metformin (500 mg two times per day), high-dose metformin (1000 mg two times per day) or placebo for 5 days. Primary safety outcome will be the proportion of metformin-associated serious adverse events. Feasibility assessment will be based on acceptability by patients and clinicians, and by enrolment rate. Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board. All patients or surrogates will provide written consent prior to enrolment and any study intervention. Metformin is a widely available, inexpensive medication with a long track record for safety, which if effective would be accessible and easy to deploy. We describe the study methods using the Standard Protocol Items for Randomized Trials framework and discuss key design features and methodological decisions. LiMiT AKI will investigate the feasibility and safety of metformin in critically ill patients with sepsis at risk of SA-AKI, in preparation for a future large-scale efficacy study. Main results will be published as soon as available after final analysis. Trial registration numberNCT05900284.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection is a significant public health concern worldwide. TB delay, consisting of patient delay, diagnostic delay, treatment delay, increases the risk of adverse anti-TB treatment (ATT) outcomes. Except for individual level variables, differences in regional levels have been shown to impact the ATT outcomes. However, few studies appropriately considered possible individual and regional level confounding variables. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of TB delay on treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan Prefecture) of China, using a causal inference framework while taking into account individual and regional level factors. Methods We conducted a study to analyze data from 2068 patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2022. To address potential confounding bias, we used a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) to select appropriate confounding variables. Further, we controlled for these confounders through multilevel propensity score and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Results The successful rate of ATT for patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture was 91.2%. Total delay (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.015, 1.962), diagnostic delay (OR = 1.778, 95% CI: 1.261, 2.508), treatment delay (OR = 1.749, 95% CI: 1.146, 2.668) and health system delay (OR = 1.480 95% CI: (1.035, 2.118) were identified as risk factors for successful ATT outcome. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings. Conclusions HIV-TB co-infection prevention and control policy in Liangshan Prefecture should prioritize early treatment for diagnosed HIV-TB co-infected patients. It is urgent to improve the health system in Liangshan Prefecture to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Both sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) and HIV infection can interfere with normal sleep architecture, and also cause physical and psychological distress. We aimed to understand the differences in the obstructive patterns, sleep architecture, physical and psychological distress when compared between people living with HIV (PLWH) and matched the severity of SRBDs controls. Methods A comparative study using matched case-control design was conducted. Men with HIV infection (case group) were enrolled from 2016 to 2019. A control group with HIV seronegative men were matched for SRBDs severity, and were selected from sleep medicine center database for comparison. Results The mean age of the 108 men (including 54 cases and 54 matched controls) was 33.75 years. Central-apnea index (CI) was higher in the case group rather than matched controls (mean CI, 0.34 vs. 0.17, p = 0.049). PLWH had a lower mean percentage of stage 3 sleep (10.26% vs. 13.94%, p = 0.034) and a higher percentage of rapid eye movement sleep (20.59% vs. 17.85%, p = 0.011) compared to matched controls. Nocturnal enuresis and sleepiness causing traffic accidents were more frequent complaint in PLWH compared to controls. Conclusions Early detected SRBDs and subtypes in PLWH to begin treatment for the underlying cause could reduce the risk of sleepiness-related traffic accidents.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSharana Mahomed1Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Giulia Matusali, Valentina Mazzotta, Silvia Meschi, Francesca Colavita, Roberta Gagliardini, Aurora Bettini, Cesare Ernesto Maria Gruber, Alessandra Vergori, Paola Gallì, Daniele Focosi, Enrico Girardi, Andrea Antinori, Fabrizio Maggi
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Faris G. Bakri, Heyam H. Mukattash, Hiam Esmeiran, Glenna Schluck, Casey K. Storme, Erica Broach, Tsedal Mebrahtu, Mohammad Alhawarat, Anais Valencia-Ruiz, Oussama M'Hamdi, Jennifer A. Malia, Zebiba Hassen, Mah'd M.S. Shafei, Ala Y. Alkhatib, Mahmoud Gazo, Saied A. Jaradat, Yessenia Gomez, Samantha McGeehon, Melanie D. McCauley, Sarah C. Moreland, Janice M. Darden, Mihret Amare, Trevor A. Crowell, Sandhya Vasan, Nelson L. Michael, Julie A. Ake, Kayvon Modjarrad, Paul T. Scott, Sheila A. Peel, Shilpa Hakre, RV505 study group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Limited epidemiologic studies have been conducted in Jordan describing the HIV epidemic. This study aimed to address this gap to inform HIV prevention and control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNaira Dekhil, Helmi Mardassi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent TB drugs. This form of TB infection remains a major public health concern globally, which has been exacerbated by the HIV epidemic. The recent advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has further severely complicated the situation, by disrupting healthcare systems. Indeed, the burden of MDR-TB increased by 3% between 2020 and 2021, with 450 000 new cases of rifampicin-resistant TB in 2021, thus hampering the global TB control efforts [1].
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