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37 emner vises.
Francesca Sartor, Xinming Xu, Tanja Popp, Antony N. Dodd, Ákos T. Kovács, Martha Merrow
Science Advances, 5.08.2023
Tilføjet 5.08.2023
Brady T. West, Shiyu Zhang, James Wagner, Rebecca Gatward, Htay-Wah Saw, William G. Axinn
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.08.2023
Tilføjet 5.08.2023
by Brady T. West, Shiyu Zhang, James Wagner, Rebecca Gatward, Htay-Wah Saw, William G. Axinn In the United States, increasing access to the internet, the increasing costs of large-scale face-to-face data collections, and the general reluctance of the public to participate in intrusive in-person data collections all mean that new approaches to nationally representative surveys are urgently needed. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the need for faster, higher-quality alternatives to face-to-face data collection. These trends place a high priority on the evaluation of innovative web-based data collection methods that are convenient for the U.S. public and yield scientific information of high quality. The web mode is particularly appealing because it is relatively inexpensive, it is logistically flexible to implement, and it affords a high level of privacy and confidentiality when correctly implemented. With this study, we aimed to conduct a methodological evaluation of a sequential mixed-mode web/mail data collection protocol, including modular survey design concepts, which was implemented on a national probability sample in the U.S. in 2020–2021. We implemented randomized experiments to test theoretically-informed hypotheses that 1) the use of mail and increased incentives to follow up with households that did not respond to an invitation to complete a household screening questionnaire online would help to recruit different types of households; and 2) the use of modular survey design, which involves splitting a lengthy self-administered survey up into multiple parts that can be completed at a respondent’s convenience, would improve survey completion rates. We find support for the use of mail and increased incentives to follow up with households that have not responded to a web-based screening questionnaire. We did not find support for the use of modular design in this context. Simple descriptive analyses also suggest that attempted telephone reminders may be helpful for the main survey.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartin Aman, Maximilian Mayrhofer-Schmid, Daniel Schwarz, Martin Bendszus, Simeon C. Daeschler, Tess Klemm, Ulrich Kneser, Leila Harhaus, Arne H. Boecker
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.08.2023
Tilføjet 5.08.2023
by Martin Aman, Maximilian Mayrhofer-Schmid, Daniel Schwarz, Martin Bendszus, Simeon C. Daeschler, Tess Klemm, Ulrich Kneser, Leila Harhaus, Arne H. Boecker Introduction Extensive scar tissue formation after peripheral nerve injury or surgery is a common problem. To avoid perineural scarring, implanting a mechanical barrier protecting the nerve from inflammation processes in the perineural environment has shown promising results for functional recovery. This study investigates the potential of an acellular collagen-elastin matrix wrapped around a peripheral nerve after induction of scar tissue formation. Materials and methods In the present study, 30 Lewis rats were separated into three groups and sciatic nerve scarring was induced with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA-CM) or 2.5% glutaraldehyde with a supplemental FDA-approved acellular collagen-elastin matrix application (GA+CM). Additionally, a sham group was included for control. Nerve regeneration was assessed by functional analysis using the Visual Statisc Sciatic Index (SSI) and MR neurography during the 12-week regeneration period. Histological and histomorphometry analysis were performed to evaluate the degree of postoperative scar tissue formation. Results Histological analysis showed an extensive scar tissue formation for GA-CM. Connective tissue ratio was significantly (p < 0.009) reduced for GA+CM (1.347 ± 0.017) compared to GA-CM (1.518 ± 0.057). Similarly, compared to GA+CM, MR-Neurography revealed extensive scar tissue formation for GA-CM with a direct connection between nerve and paraneural environment. Distal to the injury site, quantitative analysis presented significantly higher axon density (p = 0.0145), thicker axon diameter (p = 0.0002) and thicker myelinated fiber thickness (p = 0.0008) for GA+CM compared to GA-CM. Evaluation of functional recovery revealed a significantly faster regeneration for GA+CM. Conclusion The supplemental application of an acellular collagen-elastin matrix showed beneficial effects in histological, radiological, and functional analysis. Therefore, applying a collagen-elastin matrix around the nerve after peripheral nerve injury or surgery may have beneficial effects on preventing scar tissue formation in the long run. This represents a feasible approach to avoid scar tissue formation in peripheral nerve surgery.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSomaya Aboelnaga, Katarzyna Czech, Michał Wielechowski, Pavel Kotyza, Lubos Smutka, Kennedy Ndue
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.08.2023
Tilføjet 5.08.2023
by Somaya Aboelnaga, Katarzyna Czech, Michał Wielechowski, Pavel Kotyza, Lubos Smutka, Kennedy Ndue Addressing risks and pandemics at a country level is a complex task that requires transdisciplinary approaches. The paper aims to identify groups of the European Union countries characterized by a similar COVID-19 Resilience Index (CRI). Developed in the paper CRI index reflects the countries’ COVID-19 risk and their readiness for a crisis situation, including a pandemic. Moreover, the study detects the factors that significantly differentiate the distinguished groups. According to our research, Bulgaria, Hungary, Malta, and Poland have the lowest COVID-19 Resilience Index score, with Croatia, Greece, Czechia, and Slovakia following close. At the same time, Ireland and Scandinavian countries occupy the top of the leader board, followed by Luxemburg. The Kruskal-Wallis test results indicate four COVID-19 risk indicators that significantly differentiate the countries in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the significant factors are not only COVID-19-related factors, i.e., the changes in residential human mobility, the stringency of anti-COVID-19 policy, but also strictly environmental factors, namely pollution and material footprint. It indicates that the most critical global environmental issues might be crucial in the phase of a future pandemic. Moreover, we detect eight readiness factors that significantly differentiate the analysed country groups. Among the significant factors are the economic indicators such as GDP per capita and labour markets, the governance indicators such as Rule of Law, Access to Information, Implementation and Adaptability measures, and social indicators such as Tertiary Attainment and Research, Innovation, and Infrastructure.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedReem Abdelrahim, Zhiwei Gao, Mary Jane Smith, Leigh Anne Newhook
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.08.2023
Tilføjet 5.08.2023
by Reem Abdelrahim, Zhiwei Gao, Mary Jane Smith, Leigh Anne Newhook Background Asthma is a highly prevalent chronic inflammatory lung disease and is a frequent cause of hospitalization in children. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced several challenges that have impacted the delivery of care for vulnerable patients, including asthmatic children. Asthmatic children without immediate access to healthcare services can face severe and fatal consequences. Furthermore, various governmental restrictions and viral mutants have been introduced throughout the pandemic, affecting COVID-19 cases and hospitalization rates. Objectives To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of asthma hospitalizations during various stages of the pandemic. We also aim to compare asthma hospital admissions during the pandemic to pre-pandemic periods. Methods and analysis The databases PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library will be used to identify relevant articles between the start of the pandemic and the date of the search strategy. Studies will be included if they examine hospital admissions for pediatric (0 to 18 years) asthma patients, regardless of asthma severity, sex, ethnicity or race. Observational retrospective cohort, prospective cohort, and cross-sectional studies will be included. A meta-analysis will be conducted if there are ≥2 articles. Else, a narrative review will be used to report our results. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022337606.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexander Oberli, Lavinia Furrer, Lena Skoko, Norbert Müller, Bruno Gottstein, Pascal Bittel
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
The diagnosis of larval cestodiases in humans primarily depends on using imaging techniques in combination with serological tests. However, in case of atypical imaging results, negative serology results due to immunosuppression or infection with rare taeniid species, traditional diagnostic tools may not provide a definitive species-level diagnosis. We aimed to validate a rapid, reliable and cost-effective single-step real-time PCR method that can identify and differentiate larval cestodiases from biopsy material.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSean W.X. Ong, Alice Zhabokritsky, Nick Daneman, Steven Y.C. Tong, Harindra C. Wijeysundera
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
We were delighted to read the response by Goodman et al to our paper on the cost-utility of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) [1, 2]. We are heartened that our study has generated further discussion in the infectious diseases research community surrounding the use of nuclear medicine diagnostics, and hope that this increased dialogue spurs on further research to build upon our findings and demonstrate their applicability to other settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJermini-Gianinazzi, I., Blum, M., Trachsel, M., Trippolini, M. A., Tochtermann, N., Rimensberger, C., Liechti, F. D., Wertli, M. M.
BMJ Open, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
ObjectivesClinical guidelines for acute non-specific low back pain (LBP) recommend avoiding imaging studies or invasive treatments and to advise patients to stay active. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of acute non-specific LBP in the emergency departments (ED). SettingWe invited all department chiefs of Swiss EDs and their physician staff to participate in a web-based survey using two clinical case vignettes of patients with acute non-specific LBP presenting to an ED. In both cases, no neurological deficits or red flags were present. Guideline adherence and low-value care was defined based on current guideline recommendations. ResultsIn total, 263 ED physicians completed at least one vignette, while 212 completed both vignettes (43% residents, 32% senior/attending physicians and 24% chief physicians). MRI was considered in 31% in vignette 1 and 65% in vignette 2. For pain management, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and metamizole were mostly used. A substantial proportion of ED physicians considered treatments with questionable benefit and/or increased risk for adverse events such as oral steroids (vignette 1, 12% and vignette 2, 19%), muscle relaxants (33% and 38%), long-acting strong opioids (25% and 33%) and spinal injections (22% and 43%). Although guidelines recommend staying active, 72% and 67% of ED physicians recommended activity restrictions. ConclusionManagement of acute non-specific LBP in the ED was not in agreement with current guideline recommendations in a substantial proportion of ED physicians. Overuse of imaging studies, the use of long-acting opioids and muscle relaxants, as well as recommendations for activity and work restrictions were prevalent and may potentially be harmful.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPorter, A., Akbari, A., Carson-Stevens, A., Dale, J., Dixon, L., Edwards, A., Evans, B., Griffiths, L., John, A., Jolles, S., Kingston, M. R., Lyons, R., Morgan, J., Sewell, B., Whiffen, A., Williams, V. A., Snooks, H.
BMJ Open, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
IntroductionShielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the first year of the pandemic from March 2020. As the first stage in the EVITE Immunity evaluation (Effects of shielding for vulnerable people during COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes, costs and immunity, including those with cancer:quasi-experimental evaluation), we generated a logic model to describe the programme theory underlying the shielding intervention. Design and participantsWe reviewed published documentation on shielding to develop an initial draft of the logic model. We then discussed this draft during interviews with 13 key stakeholders involved in putting shielding into effect in Wales and England. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically to inform a final draft of the logic model. ResultsThe shielding intervention was a complex one, introduced at pace by multiple agencies working together. We identified three core components: agreement on clinical criteria; development of the list of people appropriate for shielding; and communication of shielding advice. In addition, there was a support programme, available as required to shielding people, including food parcels, financial support and social support. The predicted mechanism of change was that people would isolate themselves and so avoid infection, with the primary intended outcome being reduction in mortality in the shielding group. Unintended impacts included negative impact on mental and physical health and well-being. Details of the intervention varied slightly across the home nations of the UK and were subject to minor revisions during the time the intervention was in place. ConclusionsShielding was a largely untested strategy, aiming to mitigate risk by placing a responsibility on individuals to protect themselves. The model of its rationale, components and outcomes (intended and unintended) will inform evaluation of the impact of shielding and help us to understand its effect and limitations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTrefond, L., Billard, E., Pereira, B., Richard, D., Vazeille, E., Bonnet, R., Barnich, N., Andre, M., Aseptic Abscess Syndrome physicians, Ackermann, Altwegg, Aslangul, Audemard-Verger, Bani Sadr, Besnard, Bonnet, Bouaziz, Bourgaux, Cadiot, Chosidow, Connault, Costedoat-Chalumeau, De Almeida, Dernoncourt, Desmurs Clavel, Dutheil, Faguer, Galempoix, Hot, Hua, Jean, Jego, Jourde, Lepelletier, Lifermann, Limal, Maria, Monfort, Nachury, Poinsignon, Rabilloux, Razatomaery, Rouillon, Saplacan, Schmidt, Swiader, Sailler, Viallard
BMJ Open, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
IntroductionAseptic abscess (AA) syndrome is a rare disease whose pathophysiology is unknown. It is often associated with inflammatory bowel disease and characterised by sterile inflammation with collections of neutrophils affecting several organs, especially the spleen. Microbiota are known to influence local and systemic immune responses, and both gut and oral microbiota perturbations have been reported in diseases associated with AA syndrome. However, interactions between these factors have never been studied in AA syndrome. The purpose of this translational case-control study (ABSCESSBIOT) is to investigate gut and/or oral microbiota in patients with AA syndrome compared with healthy controls. Moreover, microbiota associated metabolites quantification and Treg/Th17 balance characterisation will give a mechanistic insight on how microbiota may be involved in the pathophysiology of AA syndrome. Methods and analysisThis French multicentre case-control study including 30 French centres (University hospital or regional hospital) aims to prospectively enrol 30 patients with AA syndrome with 30 matched controls and to analyse microbiota profiling (in stools and saliva), microbial metabolites quantification in stools and circulating CD4+ T cell populations. Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol was reviewed and approved by an independent French regional review board (n° 2017-A03499-44, Comité de Protection des Personnes Ile de France 1) on 10 October 2022, and declared to the competent French authority (Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des produits de santé, France). Oral and written informed consent will be obtained from each included patient and the control participant. Study results will be reported to the scientific community at conferences and in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Trial registration numberClinical Trials web-based platform (NCT05537909).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBlouin, K., Lefebvre, B., Trudelle, A., Defay, F., Perrault Sullivan, G., Ezin Aloffan, L. N. D., Labbe, A.-C.
BMJ Open, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
ObjectivesTo examine correlates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to first-line antimicrobials (azithromycin, cefixime and ceftriaxone). Design and settingThe sentinel surveillance network is an open cohort of gonococcal infection cases from Québec, Canada. Cross-sectional results are reported herein. ParticipantsBetween 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019, data from 886 individuals accounting for 941 gonorrhoea cases were included. MethodsEpidemiological and clinical data were collected using an auto-administered questionnaire, direct case interviews and chart reviews. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the agar dilution method. Generalised estimating equations were used for regression. ResultsThe prevalence of azithromycin resistance with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≥2 mg/L was 21.3%. In 2016, men who have sex with men were more likely to be infected with an azithromycin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae isolate (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR)=4.73, 95% CI 1.48 to 15.19) or with an isolate with increased third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) MIC (aPR=5.32, 95% CI 1.17 to 24.11 for cefixime (MIC≥0.06 mg/L) and aPR=4.38, 95% CI 1.53 to 12.54 for ceftriaxone (MIC≥0.03 mg/L)). However, these associations were not maintained between 2017 and 2019, with increased MIC observed in men who have sex exclusively with women and women. Overall, azithromycin resistance was significantly more likely in cases who self-reported HIV infection (aPR=1.65, 95% CI 1.00 to 2.71). Cefixime increased MIC were more likely in individuals 25–34 years old (aPR=2.23, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.21). Cefixime and ceftriaxone increased MIC were both more likely in cases who reported ≥5 sexual partners (cefixime: aPR=2.10, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.27 and ceftriaxone: aPR=1.62, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.30). ConclusionSignificant correlates of N. gonorrhoeae AMR to first-line antimicrobials were observed. Antimicrobial stewardship may be particularly important for 3GC. Active monitoring and interventions are critical for 3GC non-susceptible strains, especially considering the very low prevalence in Québec.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Abstract Background To propose a new mode of HIV test and surveillance among population of men who have sex with men (MSM): Internet-based Self-sampling at home plus Laboratory testing of HIV total nucleic acid (TNA) in dried blood spot (DBS) (ISL of DBS TNA). Feasibility of ISL of DBS TNA was studied. Characteristics of the new mode and that of conventional surveillance mode at HIV voluntary counseling and testing clinic (VCT) were compared. Methods A non-governmental organization (NGO) published the recruitment information on the WeChat public account. MSM filled in the questionnaire online, applied for self-sampling service package, and mailed the self made DBS to professional laboratory. The laboratory performed HIV TNA test and submitted the test results to online platform. Participants queried test results online with their unique ID. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) followed up participants with positive nucleic acid results using IDs and contact information. Rates were compared by using the Chi-Square test or Fisher\'s exact test. Results Four hundred twenty-three questionnaires were completed. 423 self-sampling service packages were sent out and 340 DBSs were returned to professional laboratory within one month with qualified rate of sampling as high as 95.0% (323/340). Seven samples were found to be TNA positive. Comparing ISL of DBS TNA with sentinel surveillance, it was found that there was a significant difference in the composition ratio of the two modes of surveillance population (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial de-escalation (ADE) strategy and assess its effect on 14-day mortality among intensive care unit patients. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with infectious diseases between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were stratified into three groups based on the initial treatment regimen within 5 days of antimicrobial administration: ADE, No Change, and Other Change. Confounders between groups were screened using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for 14-day mortality. Potential confounders were balanced using propensity score inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the effect of ADE strategy on 14-day mortality. Results A total of 473 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 53 (11.2%) in the ADE group, 173 (36.6%) in the No Change group, and 247 (52.2%) in the Other Change group. The 14-day mortality rates in the three groups were 9.4%, 11.6%, and 21.9%, respectively. After IPTW, the adjusted odds ratio for 14-day mortality comparing No Change with ADE was 1.557 (95% CI 1.078–2.247, P = 0.0181) while comparing Other Change with ADE was 1.282(95% CI 0.884–1.873, P = 0.1874). Conclusion The prevalence of ADE strategy was low among intensive care unit patients. The ADE strategy demonstrated a protective effect or no adverse effect on 14-day mortality compared to the No Change or Other Change strategies, respectively. These findings provide evidence supporting the implementation of the ADE strategy in ICU patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Abstract Background With the emergence of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), several blood biomarkers have been identified, including the endothelial biomarker syndecan-1, a surface proteoglycan. In the current systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic role of syndecan-1 in COVID-19. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, as international databases, were searched for relevant studies measuring blood syndecan-1 levels in COVID-19 patients, COVID-19 convalescents, and healthy control subjects, in patients with different COVID-19 severities and/or in COVID-19 patients with poor outcomes. Random-effect meta-analysis was performed using STATA to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the comparison between COVID-19 patients and healthy control subjects or COVID-19 convalescents and controls. Results After screening by title/abstract and full text, 17 studies were included in the final review. Meta-analysis of syndecan-1 levels in COVID-19 compared with healthy control subjects revealed that patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher syndecan-1 levels (SMD 1.53, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.41, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYacoba Atiase, Ernest Yorke, Josephine Akpalu, Margaret Reynolds, Ofoliquaye Allotey Annan, Robert Aryee, Charles Hayfron‐Benjamin, Alfred Yawson
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Katelyn E. Flaherty, Molly B. Klarman, Ahmed N. Zakariah, Mohammed‐Najeeb Mahama, Maxwell Osei‐Ampofo, Eric J. Nelson, Torben K. Becker
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundAlthough comorbidities are risk factors for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), many clinical trials exclude patients with medical conditions such as malignancy or immunosuppression. In a Phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (ECOSPOR III), fecal microbiota spores, live (VOWSTTM; VOS, formerly SER-109), an oral microbiota therapeutic, significantly reduced the risk of rCDI at week 8. We evaluated the efficacy of VOS compared with placebo in patients with comorbidities and other risk factors for rCDI.MethodsAdults with rCDI were randomized to receive VOS or placebo (4 capsules daily for 3 days) following standard-of-care antibiotics. In this post-hoc analysis, the rate of rCDI through week 8 was assessed in VOS-treated subjects compared with placebo for subgroups including: a) Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score category (0, 1-2, 3-4, ≥5); b) baseline creatinine clearance (50 ml/min to ≤80 ml/min, >80 ml/min); c) number of CDI episodes, inclusive of the qualifying episode (3 and ≥4); d) exposure to non-CDI targeted antibiotics after dosing and e) acid-suppressing medication use at baseline.ResultsOf 281 subjects screened, 182 were randomized (59.9% female; mean age 65.5 years). Comorbidities were common with a mean overall baseline age-adjusted CCI score of 4.1 (4.1 in the SER-109 arm and 4.2 in the placebo arm). Across all subgroups analyzed, VOS-treated subjects had a lower relative risk of recurrence compared with placebo.ConclusionsIn this post-hoc analysis, VOS reduced the risk of rCDI compared with placebo, regardless of baseline characteristics, concomitant medications or comorbidities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Abstract Background Knowledge of the diversity of invasion ligands in malaria parasites in endemic regions is essential to understand how natural selection influences genetic diversity of these ligands and their feasibility as possible targets for future vaccine development. In this study the diversity of four genes for merozoite invasion ligands was studied in Ecuadorian isolates of Plasmodium vivax. Methods Eighty-eight samples from P. vivax infected individuals from the Coast and Amazon region of Ecuador were obtained between 2012 and 2015. The merozoite invasion genes pvmsp-1-19, pvdbpII, pvrbp1a-2 and pvama1 were amplified, sequenced, and compared to the Sal-1 strain. Polymorphisms were mapped and genetic relationships between haplotypes were determined. Results Only one nonsynonymous polymorphism was detected in pvmsp-1-19, while 44 nonsynonymous polymorphisms were detected in pvdbpII, 56 in pvrbp1a-2 and 33 in pvama1. While haplotypes appeared to be more related within each area of study and there was less relationship between parasites of the coastal and Amazon regions of the country, diversification processes were observed in the two Amazon regions. The highest haplotypic diversity for most genes occurred in the East Amazon of the country. The high diversity observed in Ecuadorian samples is closer to Brazilian and Venezuelan isolates, but lower than reported in other endemic regions. In addition, departure from neutrality was observed in Ecuadorian pvama1. Polymorphisms for pvdbpII and pvama1 were associated to B-cell epitopes. Conclusions pvdbpII and pvama1 genetic diversity found in Ecuadorian P. vivax was very similar to that encountered in other malaria endemic countries with varying transmission levels and segregated by geographic region. The highest diversity of P. vivax invasion genes in Ecuador was found in the Amazonian region. Although selection appeared to have small effect on pvdbpII and pvrbp1a-2, pvama1 was influenced by significant balancing selection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Abstract Background Malaria affects 24 million children globally, resulting in nearly 500,000 child deaths annually in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Recent studies have provided evidence that severe malaria infection results in sustained impairment in cognition and behaviour among young children; however, a formal meta-analysis has not been published. The objective was to assess the association between severe malaria infection with cognitive and behavioural outcomes among children living in LMICs. Methods Six online bibliographic databases were searched and reviewed in November 2022. Studies included involved children
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Abstract Background The role of cytokines such as interleukin-5 (IL-5) in the pathogenesis of malaria remains unclear. This systematic review sought to synthesize variations in IL-5 levels between severe and uncomplicated malaria, as well as between malaria and controls not afflicted with the disease. Methods This systematic review was registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42022368773). Searches for studies that reported IL-5 levels in patients with malaria (any severity) and/or uninfected individuals were performed in Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL, and MEDLINE, between 1st and 10th October, 2022. The risk of bias among all included studies was minimized using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for reporting observational studies. The differences in IL-5 levels between malaria and uninfected controls, and between severe and uncomplicated malaria were synthesized by narrative synthesis. Results Among 1177 articles identified in the databases, 23 matched the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. Qualitative syntheses showed the heterogeneity of IL-5 levels between different severities of clinical malaria and uninfected controls. The majority of the included studies (12/15 studies, 80%) found no change in IL-5 levels between malaria cases and uninfected controls. Similarly, most studies found no difference in IL-5 levels between severe (regardless of complications) and uncomplicated malaria (4/8 studies, 50%). The qualitative syntheses revealed that most studies found no difference in IL-5 levels between severe and non-severe malaria. Conclusions The comprehensive review suggests that IL-5 levels are unchanged in patients with different levels of clinical severity of malaria and uninfected controls. Given the limited number of published studies on IL-5 levels in malaria, there is a need for additional research to determine the function of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of malaria.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeien Yu, Yue Guo, Tiantian Hu, Yuqi Liu, Qingqi Fan, Li Guo, Binrong Zheng, Yide Kong, Haoxiang Zhu, Jie Yu, Shiqi Chen, Yongmei Zhang, Jinyu Wang, Fahong Li, Feifei Yang, Yuee Wang, Yuzhen Zhu, Yuxian Huang, Zhongliang Shen, Yi Ruan, Richeng Mao, Jiming Zhang
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Joël Dote, Vianney Tricou, Laure K. Gnikpingo, Marilou Pagonendji, Emilie Charpentier, Judith M. Hübschen, Ionela Gouandjika‐Vasilache
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Xiaojuan Li, Nan Chen, Xuchen Wang, Tiewei Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Rongzhao Zhang, Wenxian Yang, Huifang Zhu, Jingbo Zhai, Mengzhou Xue, Chunfu Zheng
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Yuichiro Hirata, Harutaka Katano, Shun Iida, Sohtaro Mine, Sayaka Nagasawa, Yohsuke Makino, Ayumi Motomura, Seiya Ozono, Yuko Sato, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Makoto Kuroda, Rutsuko Yamaguchi, Go Inokuchi, Suguru Torimitsu, Shinji Akitomi, Daisuke Yajima, Hisako Saitoh, Tadaki Suzuki, Hirotaro Iwase
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Gerard Moreno, Raquel Carbonell, Emili Díaz, Ignacio Martín‐Loeches, Marcos I. Restrepo, Luis F. Reyes, Jordi Solé‐Violán, María Bodí, Laura Canadell, Juan Guardiola, Sandra Trefler, Loreto Vidaur, Elisabeth Papiol, Lorenzo Socias, Eudald Correig, Judith Marín‐Corral, Alejandro Rodríguez, the GETGAG Working Group
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Lauro Velazquez‐Salinas
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Toufik Abdul‐Rahman, Lukman Lawal, Emily Meale, Oyinbolaji A. Ajetunmobi, Soyemi Toluwalashe, Uthman Hassan Alao, Shankhaneel Ghosh, Neil Garg, Abdullahi Tunde Aborode, Andrew Awuah Wireko, Aashna Mehta, Kateryna Sikora
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Christoph Lange
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
The latest annual Global Tuberculosis report by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in the year 2021 10.6 million individuals developed tuberculosis [1]. Never before since global cases have been recorded there were more humans affected by tuberculosis within one year. With 1.6 million attributed deaths in 2021 tuberculosis was the leading cause of mortality attributed to a single bacterial pathogen globally only surpassed by SARS-CoV2 among all infectious causes [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWangxiao Zhou, Ye Jin, Gaoqin Teng, Weiwei Chen, Yunbo Chen, Qixia Luo, Yonghong Xiao
Virulence, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Marco Conforti
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Hannah Wunsch, the author of The Autumn Ghost: How the Battle Against a Polio Epidemic Revolutionised Modern Medical Care, is a doctor specialising in critical care medicine who was working in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto, Canada, when the COVID-19 pandemic began. Respiratory complications from SARS-CoV-2 made ventilators and ICUs headline news. But just 70 years ago, there was nothing doctors could do when faced with organ failure. In her book, Wunsch explains how the epidemic of polio in Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1952 spearheaded several medical advancements.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBetty Mwesigwa, Katherine V Houser, Amelia R Hofstetter, Ana M Ortega-Villa, Prossy Naluyima, Francis Kiweewa, Immaculate Nakabuye, Galina V Yamshchikov, Charla Andrews, Mark O'Callahan, Larisa Strom, Steven Schech, Leigh Anne Eller, Erica L Sondergaard, Paul T Scott, Mihret F Amare, Kayvon Modjarrad, Amir Wamala, Allan Tindikahwa, Ezra Musingye, Jauhara Nanyondo, Martin R Gaudinski, Ingelise J Gordon, LaSonji A Holman, Jamie G Saunders, Pamela J M Costner, Floreliz H Mendoza, Myra Happe, Patricia Morgan, Sarah H Plummer, Somia P Hickman, Sandra Vazquez, Tamar Murray, Jamilet Cordon, Caitlyn N M Dulan, Ruth Hunegnaw, Manjula Basappa, Marcelino Padilla, Suprabhath R Gajjala, Phillip A Swanson, Bob C Lin, Emily E Coates, Jason G Gall, Adrian B McDermott, Richard A Koup, John R Mascola, Aurélie Ploquin, Nancy J Sullivan, Hannah Kibuuka, Julie A Ake, Julie E Ledgerwood, RV 508 Study Team
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
The cAd3-EBO S vaccine was safe at both doses, rapidly inducing immune responses in most participants after a single injection. The rapid onset and durability of the vaccine-induced antibodies make this vaccine a strong candidate for emergency deployment in Sudan Ebola virus outbreaks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWei Huang, Janneth Rodrigues, Etienne Bilgo, José R. Tormo, Joseph D. Challenger, Cristina De Cozar-Gallardo, Ignacio Pérez-Victoria, Fernando Reyes, Pablo Castañeda-Casado, Edounou Jacques Gnambani, Domonbabele François de Sales Hien, Maurice Konkobo, Beatriz Urones, Isabelle Coppens, Alfonso Mendoza-Losana, Lluís Ballell, Abdoulaye Diabate, Thomas S. Churcher, Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
Science, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Talha Burki
Lancet, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
Urbanisation, migration, and climatic changes are spurring a surge in dengue virus infections. Talha Burki reports.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaura N Broyles, Robert Luo, Debi Boeras, Lara Vojnov
Lancet, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023
There is almost zero risk of sexual transmission of HIV with viral loads of less than 1000 copies per mL. These data provide a powerful opportunity to destigmatise HIV and promote adherence to ART through dissemination of this positive public health message. These findings can also promote access to viral load testing in resource-limited settings for all people living with HIV by facilitating uptake of alternative sample types and technologies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSonia Muliyil
Nature, 4.08.2023
Tilføjet 4.08.2023