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Søgeord (encephalit) valgt.
18 emner vises.
Tarcísio de Freitas Milagres, Carla Maia
Trends in Parasitology, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
Phlebotomus perniciosus, recognized as the most important phlebotomine sand fly vector in countries of the Western Mediterranean region, is responsible for transmitting the protozoan Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic leishmaniasis. This species also serves as a vector for various phleboviruses, with the Toscana virus being the most clinically relevant, associated as one of the main causes of meningitis and encephalitis in this region. Detected in 22 countries, P. perniciosus has a broad distribution in countries located in the Western part of the Mediterranean basin.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background We explored the impact of prior Yellow fever (YF) or Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination on the efficacy of Takeda’s dengue vaccine candidate, TAK-003 (NCT02747927).Methods Children 4–16 years of age were randomized 2:1 to receive TAK-003 or placebo and were under active febrile surveillance. Symptomatic dengue was confirmed by serotype-specific RT-PCR. YF and JE vaccination history was recorded.Results Of the 20,071 children who received TAK-003 or placebo, 21.1% had a YF and 23.9% had a JE vaccination history at randomization. Fifty-seven months after vaccination, vaccine efficacy was 55.7% (95% CI, 39.7%-67.5%) in those with YF vaccination, 77.8% (70.8%-83.1%) for JE vaccination, and 53.5% (45.4%-60.4%) for no prior YF/JE vaccination. Regional differences in serotype distribution confound these results. The apparent higher vaccine efficacy in the JE vaccination subgroup could be largely explained by serotype-specific efficacy of TAK-003. Within 28 days of any vaccination, the proportions of participants with serious adverse events in the YF/JE prior vaccination population were comparable between the TAK-003 and placebo groups.Conclusions The available data do not suggest a clinically relevant impact of prior JE or YF vaccination on TAK-003 performance. Overall, TAK-003 was well-tolerated and efficacious in different epidemiological settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a disease with unfavorable vital and functional prognoses. There are no recent epidemiological data on HSE at a national level using real-life databases, especially in France. This study aimed to report the incidence, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with HSE. Methods We conducted a comprehensive retrospective cohort study on all patients hospitalized for HSE in France between 2015 and 2022 using national hospital discharge databases. Incidence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (including comorbidities, seizure, stays’ features, intensive care supports) were described. The short- (first stay) and long-term (6-month) outcomes were reported, in terms of mortality and rehospitalizations. Results 1425 HSE patients were included (median age 67 [54–77] years old, M/F sex ratio 1.07), giving a mean yearly hospital incidence of 2.3 [2.1–2.5] per 1,000,000 inhabitants. 51.2% of the patients were admitted in ICU (n = 730), of whom 59.0% were mechanically ventilated. The overall mortality during the first stay was 14.3% (n = 204), up to 17.9% for ICU patients. Within 6 months, among the survivors, 10.1% had at least one rehospitalization related to HSE. At 6 months, 16.5% of all patients had died (n = 235), 20.8% for ICU patients. Conclusion In France, the incidence of hospitalizations for HSE was 2.3 per 1,000,000 inhabitants with more than half of the patients admitted in ICU and a 6-month in-hospital mortality about 16.5%. This real-life update on the characteristics and severe outcomes of the disease raises awareness among care practitioners, of the serious nature of the disease, and thus can lead to higher vigilance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJae-Deog KimAh-Ra LeeDah-Hyun MoonYoung-Uk ChungSu-Yeon HongHyo Je ChoTae Hyun KangYo Han JangMyung Hyun SohnBaik-Lin SeongSang-Uk Seoa Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Koreab Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Koreac The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Koread Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Koreae Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Koreaf Department of Vaccine Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Koreag Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Koreah Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Koreai Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Infection, 28.04.2024
Tilføjet 28.04.2024
Abstract Background Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a disease with unfavorable vital and functional prognoses. There are no recent epidemiological data on HSE at a national level using real-life databases, especially in France. This study aimed to report the incidence, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with HSE. Methods We conducted a comprehensive retrospective cohort study on all patients hospitalized for HSE in France between 2015 and 2022 using national hospital discharge databases. Incidence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (including comorbidities, seizure, stays’ features, intensive care supports) were described. The short- (first stay) and long-term (6-month) outcomes were reported, in terms of mortality and rehospitalizations. Results 1425 HSE patients were included (median age 67 [54–77] years old, M/F sex ratio 1.07), giving a mean yearly hospital incidence of 2.3 [2.1–2.5] per 1,000,000 inhabitants. 51.2% of the patients were admitted in ICU (n = 730), of whom 59.0% were mechanically ventilated. The overall mortality during the first stay was 14.3% (n = 204), up to 17.9% for ICU patients. Within 6 months, among the survivors, 10.1% had at least one rehospitalization related to HSE. At 6 months, 16.5% of all patients had died (n = 235), 20.8% for ICU patients. Conclusion In France, the incidence of hospitalizations for HSE was 2.3 per 1,000,000 inhabitants with more than half of the patients admitted in ICU and a 6-month in-hospital mortality about 16.5%. This real-life update on the characteristics and severe outcomes of the disease raises awareness among care practitioners, of the serious nature of the disease, and thus can lead to higher vigilance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedT, Angel Miraclin; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Rupali, Priscilla
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Recent findings In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics. Summary A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background There are few thorough studies assessing predictors of severe encephalitis, despite the poor prognosis and high mortality associated with severe encephalitis. The study aims to evaluate the clinical predictors of mortality and poor outcomes at hospital discharge in patients with severe infectious encephalitis in intensive care units. Method In two Chinese hospitals, a retrospective cohort study comprising 209 patients in intensive care units suffering from severe infectious encephalitis was carried out. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors predicting mortality in all patients and poor outcomes in all survivors with severe infectious encephalitis. Results In our cohort of 209 patients with severe encephalitis, 22 patients died, yielding a mortality rate of 10.5%. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure ≥ 400mmH2O (OR = 7.43), abnormal imaging (OR = 3.51), abnormal electroencephalogram (OR = 7.14), and number of rescues (OR = 1.12) were significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in severe infectious encephalitis patients. Among the 187 survivors, 122 (65.2%) had favorable outcomes, defined as the modified Rankine Scale (mRS) score (0 ~ 3), and 65(34.8%) had poor outcomes (mRS scores 4 ~ 5). Age (OR = 1.02), number of rescues (OR = 1.43), and tubercular infection (OR = 10.77) were independent factors associated with poor outcomes at discharge in all survivors with severe infectious encephalitis. Conclusions Multiple clinical, radiologic, and electrophysiological variables are independent predictive indicators for mortality and poor outcomes in patients with severe encephalitis in intensive care units. Identifying these outcome predictors early in patients with severe encephalitis may enable the implementation of appropriate medical treatment and help reduce mortality rates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.04.2024
Tilføjet 14.04.2024
Abstract Background Within endemic regions in southern and eastern Germany, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare zoonotic spill-over infections in humans, leading to encephalitis with a high case-fatality risk. So far, intra-vitam diagnosis has mainly been based on RT-qPCR from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serology, both being associated with diagnostic challenges. Whilst low RNA copy numbers in CSF limit the sensitivity of RT-qPCR from this material, seroconversion often occurs late during the course of the disease. Case presentation Here, we report the new case of a 40 − 50 year-old patient in whom the detection of virus-specific T cells via ELISpot corroborated the diagnosis of BoDV-1 infection. The patient showed a typical course of the disease with prodromal symptoms like fever and headaches 2.5 weeks prior to hospital admission, required mechanical ventilation from day three after hospitalisation and remained in deep coma until death ten days after admission. Results Infection was first detected by positive RT-qPCR from a CSF sample drawn four days after admission (viral load 890 copies/mL). A positive ELISpot result was obtained from peripheral blood collected on day seven, when virus-specific IgG antibodies were not detectable in serum, possibly due to previous immune adsorption for suspected autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. Conclusion This case demonstrates that BoDV-1 ELISpot serves as additional diagnostic tool even in the first week after hospitalisation of patients with BoDV-1 encephalitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
Abstract Background Within endemic regions in southern and eastern Germany, Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare zoonotic spill-over infections in humans, leading to encephalitis with a high case-fatality risk. So far, intra-vitam diagnosis has mainly been based on RT-qPCR from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serology, both being associated with diagnostic challenges. Whilst low RNA copy numbers in CSF limit the sensitivity of RT-qPCR from this material, seroconversion often occurs late during the course of the disease. Case presentation Here, we report the new case of a 40 − 50 year-old patient in whom the detection of virus-specific T cells via ELISpot corroborated the diagnosis of BoDV-1 infection. The patient showed a typical course of the disease with prodromal symptoms like fever and headaches 2.5 weeks prior to hospital admission, required mechanical ventilation from day three after hospitalisation and remained in deep coma until death ten days after admission. Results Infection was first detected by positive RT-qPCR from a CSF sample drawn four days after admission (viral load 890 copies/mL). A positive ELISpot result was obtained from peripheral blood collected on day seven, when virus-specific IgG antibodies were not detectable in serum, possibly due to previous immune adsorption for suspected autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. Conclusion This case demonstrates that BoDV-1 ELISpot serves as additional diagnostic tool even in the first week after hospitalisation of patients with BoDV-1 encephalitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Abstract Background Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) causes rare but severe zoonotic infections in humans, presenting as severe encephalitis. The case-fatality risk is very high and no effective countermeasures have been established so far. An immunopathology is presumed, while data on immune responses in humans are limited. Evidence of a role of the complement system in various neurological disorders and central nervous viral infections is increasing and specific inhibitors are available as therapeutic options.Methods In this study, we investigated factors of the complement system in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with BoDV-1 infections (n = 17) in comparison to non-inflammatory control CSF samples (n = 11), using a bead-based multiplex assay. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed using post-mortem brain tissue samples.Results We found an intrathecal elevation of complement factors of all complement pathways and an active cascade during human BoDV-1 infections. The increase of certain complement factors such as C1q was persistent and C3 complement deposits were detected in post-mortem brain sections. Intrathecal complement levels were negatively correlated with survival.Conclusion Further investigations are warranted to clarify, whether targeting the complement cascade by specific inhibitors might be beneficial for patients suffering from severe BoDV-1 encephalitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMorgan Brisse, Hinh Ly
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Malaria Journal, 27.03.2024
Tilføjet 27.03.2024
Abstract Background Anopheles vagus (subgenus Cellia) has been identified as a vector for malaria, filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis in Asia. Sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have been found in this zoophilic mosquito in Asia and Indonesia. This study systematically reviews publications regarding An. vagus species, variation, bio-ecology, and malaria transmission in various localities in Asia, especially Indonesia, to determine whether the current data support An. vagus as a species complex. Methods The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Proquest were searched to identify information regarding the morphology, karyotypes, polytene chromosome, cross-mating, ecology, and molecular identification of An. vagus was then evaluated to determine whether there were possible species complexes. Results Of the 1326 articles identified, 15 studies were considered for synthesis. The Anopheles spp. samples for this study came from Asia. Eleven studies used morphology to identify An. vagus, with singular studies using each of karyotype identification, chromosomal polytene identification, and cross-breeding experiments. Ten studies used molecular techniques to identify Anopheles spp., including An. vagus. Most studies discovered morphological variations of An. vagus either in the same or different areas and ecological settings. In this review, the members of An. vagus sensu lato grouped based on morphology (An. vagus, An. vagus vagus, An. vagus limosus, and An. limosus), karyotyping (form A and B), and molecular (An. vagus genotype A and B, An. vagus AN4 and AN5). Genetic analysis revealed a high conservation of the ITS2 fragment among members except for the An. vagus genotype B, which was, in fact, Anopheles sundaicus. This review also identified that An. vagus limosus and An. vagus vagus were nearly identical to the ITS2 sequence. Conclusion Literature review studies revealed that An. vagus is conspecific despite the distinct morphological characteristic of An. vagus and An. limosus. Further information using another barcoding tool, such as mitochondrial COI and ND6 and experimental cross-mating between the An. vagus and An. limosus may provide additional evidence for the status of An. vagus as a species complex.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLéa Poussier, Alexandra Mailles, Pierre Tattevin, Jean Paul Stahl, Pierre Fillatre, the scientific committee and investigators group, The investigators’ group are, The scientific committee are
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
To characterize differences between Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus encephalitis (HSVE and VZVE) and other aetiologies of infectious encephalitis (IE), and to investigate the impact of time-to-aciclovir (ACV) start, ACV dose and duration on outcome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
Research Letter - Successful Treatment of Confirmed Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJulian W. BakkerHelen J. EsserHein SprongGert-Jan GodekeTabitha E. HoornwegWillem F. de BoerGorben P. PijlmanConstantianus J. M. Koenraadta Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlandsb Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlandsc Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlandsd Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
Evgeny B. PichkurMikhail F. VorovitchAlla L. IvanovaElena V. ProtopopovaValery B. LoktevDmitry I. OsolodkinAydar A. IshmukhametovValeriya R. Samyginaa NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russian Federationb FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russian Federationc Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federationd State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Emerg Microbes Infect, 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
Andrey MoiseenkoYichen ZhangMikhail F. VorovitchAlla L. IvanovaZheng LiuDmitry I. OsolodkinAlexey M. EgorovAydar A. IshmukhametovOlga S. Sokolovaa Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russiab Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinac FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS” (Institute of Poliomyelitis), Moscow, Russiad Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russiae Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Emerg Microbes Infect, 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
Artur TrzebnyOlena NahimovaNatalia VolkovaDenys HryhorievAnna Slodkowicz-KowalskaMiroslawa Daberta Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Polandb Genetics and Cytology Department, School of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukrainec Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine I, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Emerg Microbes Infect, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024