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Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Stevens, Dennis L.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Naughton, Patrick; Enright, Frances; Lucey, Brigid
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an infectious disease that presents clinically in only a small percentage of individuals despite almost universal infection with the causative agent. Here, we review the latest concepts in the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response of this disease. Recent findings Several recently published papers/reviews describe IM as a condition caused by one of several etiologic agents including, cytomegalovirus (HHV-5), Roseola virus (HHV-6) and Toxoplasmosis amongst others; this review focuses on IM as solely caused by the human herpes virus 4 (HHV-4). Since the initial discovery of the virus in the 1960s and its subsequent discovery as the primary etiologic agent for IM it has been associated with several human cancers and autoimmune disorders. Recent published findings show a correlation between HHV-4 and the autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting earlier IM could possibly act as a causative factor. Considering the important links being made with IM to so many cancers and autoimmune disorders it is surprising that a standard investigative procedure has yet to be determined for this disease. A standard approach to the investigation of IM would ensure more cases are diagnosed, particularly atypical cases, this would benefit epidemiological studies, and more immediately help practitioners distinguish viral from bacterial throat infections, enabling them to treat accordingly. Summary The understanding of the latest concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology and host response to IM would benefit greatly from the introduction of a standard procedure for its investigation and diagnosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanford, Tristan C.; Tweten, Rodney K.; Abrahamsen, Hunter L.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Many cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC)-producing pathogens pose a significant threat to human health. Herein, we review the pore-dependent and -independent properties CDCs possess to assist pathogens in evading the host immune response. Recent findings Within the last 5 years, exciting new research suggests CDCs can act to inhibit important immune functions, disrupt critical cell signaling pathways, and have tissue-specific effects. Additionally, recent studies have identified a key region of CDCs that generates robust immunity, providing resources for the development of CDC-based vaccines. Summary This review provides new information on how CDCs alter host immune responses to aid bacteria in pathogenesis. These studies can assist in the design of more efficient vaccines and therapeutics against CDCs that will enhance the immune response to CDC-producing pathogens while mitigating the dampening effects CDCs have on the host immune response.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoward, Leigh M.; Grijalva, Carlos G.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes. Recent findings While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses. Summary Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichels, Sarah Y.; Daley, Matthew F.; Newcomer, Sophia R.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Completion of all doses in multidose vaccine series provides optimal protection against preventable infectious diseases. In this review, we describe clinical and public health implications of multidose vaccine series noncompletion, including current challenges to ensuring children receive all recommended vaccinations. We then highlight actionable steps toward achieving early childhood immunization goals. Recent findings Although coverage levels are high for most early childhood vaccinations, rates of completion are lower for vaccinations that require multiple doses. Recent research has shown that lower family socioeconomic status, a lack of health insurance coverage, having multiple children in the household, and moving across state lines are associated with children failing to complete multidose vaccine series. These findings provide contextual evidence to support that practical challenges to accessing immunization servi ces are impediments to completion of multidose series. Strategies, including reminder/recall, use of centralized immunization information systems, and clinician prompts, have been shown to increase immunization rates. Re-investing in these effective interventions and modernizing the public health infrastructure can facilitate multidose vaccine series completion. Summary Completion of multidose vaccine series is a challenge for immunization service delivery. Increased efforts are needed to address remaining barriers and improve vaccination coverage in the United States.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStrong, Nora; Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Fusarium species are an increasingly important cause of meningitis and invasive disease in immunocompromised patients as well as in otherwise healthy patients as observed in two recent healthcare-associated outbreaks. This review summarizes recently published information on treatment and diagnosis of this infection. Recent findings Incidence of Fusarium species meningitis and invasive fusariosis are increasing. Molecular techniques are improving the speed of diagnosis. New antifungal agents in development show good in vitro activity against some Fusarium species. New technologies, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filtration, may play a role in treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Due to the continued prime importance of the host immune system in recovery, immunomodulatory treatments may play a role in treatment. Summary The overall incidence of CNS fusariosis is increasing with a continued poor prognosis, but new diagnostic and treatment modalities are in development which may offer improvements.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMorado-Aramburo, Oscar; Hasbun, Rodrigo
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Central nervous system (CNS) infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may present atypical or nonspecific symptoms. Due to a wider range of infectious agents compared with immunocompetent hosts, diagnosis is challenging. This review categorizes CNS infections in SOT recipients by cause. Recent findings New studies have reported new data on the epidemiology and the risk factors associated with each specific pathogen described in this review. Additionally, we included the treatment recommendations. Summary The latest findings give us an insight into the different pathogens causing infectious neurologic complications in SOT recipients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedT, Angel Miraclin; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Rupali, Priscilla
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Recent findings In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics. Summary A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOmland, Lars Haukali; Nielsen, Henrik; Bodilsen, Jacob
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review The epidemiology of brain abscess has changed in recent decades. Moreover, acute and long-term management remains challenging with high risks of mortality and neurological sequelae. This review describes recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of brain abscess. Recent findings The incidence of brain abscess is increasing, especially among elderly individuals. Important predisposing conditions include dental and ear-nose-throat infections, immuno-compromise, and previous neurosurgery. Molecular-based diagnostics have improved our understanding of the involved microorganisms and oral cavity bacteria including anaerobes are the predominant pathogens. The diagnosis relies upon a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, neurosurgical aspiration or excision, and careful microbiological examinations. Local source control by aspiration or excision of brain abscess combined with long-term antimicrobials are cornerstones of treatment. Long-term management remains important and should address neurological deficits including epilepsy, timely diagnosis and management of comorbidities, and potential affective disorders. Summary A multidisciplinary approach to acute and long-term management of brain abscess remains crucial and source control of brain abscess by neurosurgery should be pursued whenever possible. Numerous aspects regarding diagnosis and treatment need clarification. Nonetheless, our understanding of this complicated infection is rapidly evolving.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMacKay, Conor I.; Kuthubutheen, Jafri; Campbell, Anita J.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review With cochlear implantation becoming increasingly performed worldwide, an understanding of the risk factors, preventive measures, and management of cochlear implant (CI) infection remains important given the significant morbidity and cost it conveys. Recent findings At the turn of the 21st century there was a decrease in rates of CI infection, particularly meningitis, following the discontinuation of positioner use for CI. However, in more recent years rates of CI infection have remained largely static. Recently, studies evaluating preventive measures such as pneumococcal vaccination, S. aureus decolonization and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis have emerged in the literature. Summary Prompt recognition of CI infection and appropriate investigation and management are key, however at present treatment is largely informed by cohort and case-control studies and expert opinion. Preventive measures including pneumococcal vaccination, S. aureus decolonization and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis play a role in reducing rates of CI infection. However, there remains a need for well designed clinical trials to provide higher level evidence to better guide preventive measures for, and management decisions of, CI infections in the future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaura Butragueño-LaisecaIñaki F. TroconizSantiago GrauNuria CampilloBelén PadillaSarah Nicole FernándezMaría SlöckerLaura HerreraMaría José Santiago1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain2Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain3Pediatrics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain4Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Development Origin Network (RICORS) RD21/0012/0011, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain5Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain6IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain7Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain8Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Andreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Barbara A. Brown-ElliottGeorgie BushM. Dolores HughesEliana RodriguezChase A. WeikelSharon B. MinRichard J. Wallace1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA2Department of Infectious Diseases, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA, Jared A. Silverman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
A high index of suspicion, comprehensive travel and epidemiologic history, and clinical evaluation are essential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Supportive treatment remains the standard of care; scarce evidence supports off-label use of ribavirin and favipiravir for human benefit.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Research Letter - Sporotrichosis Cluster in Domestic Cats and Veterinary Technician, Kansas, USA, 2022
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Research - COVID-19 Vaccination Site Accessibility, United States, December 11, 2020-March 29, 2022
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBalogun, F. M., Omotade, O.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
ObjectivesParticipants’ comprehension of research process affects the quality of research output, which is the reason why translation of research instruments into local languages is standard practice. Literature has consistently reported that in Africa, knowledge about cervical cancer is low but paradoxically, expressed, and actual uptake of human papillomavirus vaccine for its prevention is high. This study explored the Yoruba names of cervical cancer among Yoruba people in Ibadan, Nigeria to guide the translation of cervical cancer research instruments to Yoruba language. DesignExploratory case study design was used and data were obtained with 10 in-depth interviews and four focused group discussions. Data were analysed using content analysis. SettingsThe study took place in Ibadan North local government area, Southwest Nigeria. ParticipantsThese were 4 traditional healers, 3 Yoruba linguists, 3 public health educators and 38 parents of adolescents. MeasuresThese were Yoruba names for cervical cancer and their meanings. ResultsParticipants were aware of cervical cancer but only the traditional healers and public health educators had names for it. These names were highly varied. The public health educators gave names that were linked with different parts of the female reproductive system and external genital which were actually different medical conditions. Each traditional healer also had different names for cervical cancer, which either described the female body parts, or symptoms of female genital infections. These various names can lead to unnecessary misconceptions and misinformation about cervical cancer, its prevention, management, and research. ConclusionsThere was no consensus Yoruba name for cervical cancer among the study participants. Efforts to educate the Yoruba speaking populace about cervical cancer, its prevention, management and participation in its research can be frustrated if a generally accepted Yoruba name is not provided for this cancer. Stakeholders’ collaboration is required to get an appropriate Yoruba name for cervical cancer.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWatjer, R. M., Heckmans, K. M., Eekhof, J. A., Gummi, L., Quint, K. D., Numans, M. E., Bonten, T. N.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
IntroductionDiabetic foot ulcers are feared complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), requiring extensive treatment and hospital admissions, ultimately leading to amputation and increased mortality. Different factors contribute to the development of foot ulcers and related complications. Onychomycosis, being more prevalent in patients with diabetes, could be an important risk factor for developing ulcers and related infections. However, the association between onychomycosis and diabetic complications has not been well studied in primary care. Research design and methodsTo determine the impact of onychomycosis on ulcer development and related complications in patients with diabetes in primary care, a longitudinal cohort study was carried out using routine care data from the Extramural Leiden University Medical Center Academic Network. Survival analyses were performed through Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates. ResultsData from 48 212 patients with a mean age of 58 at diagnosis of DM, predominantly type 2 (87.8%), were analysed over a median follow-up of 10.3 years. 5.7% of patients developed an ulcer. Onychomycosis significantly increased the risk of ulcer development (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.66), not affected by antimycotic treatment, nor after adjusting for confounders (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.49). The same was found for surgical interventions (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.75) and skin infections (HR 1.48, CI 95% 1.28 to 1.72), again not affected by treatment and significant after adjusting for confounders (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.51 and HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.48, respectively). ConclusionsOnychomycosis significantly increased the risk of ulcer development in patients with DM in primary care, independently of other risk factors. In addition, onychomycosis increased the risk of surgeries and infectious complications. These results underscore the importance of giving sufficient attention to onychomycosis in primary care and corresponding guidelines. Early identification of onychomycosis during screening and routine care provides a good opportunity for timely recognition of increased ulcer risk.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTunnicliffe, L., Muzambi, R., Bartlett, J. W., Howe, L., Abdul Basit, K., Warren-Gash, C.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
IntroductionTelomeres are a measure of cellular ageing with potential links to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Studies have shown that some infections may be associated with telomere shortening, but whether an association exists across all types and severities of infections and in which populations is unclear. Therefore we aim to collate available evidence to enable comparison and to inform future research in this field. Methods and analysisWe will search for studies involving telomere length and infection in various databases including MEDLINE (Ovid interface), EMBASE (Ovid interface), Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health and the Cochrane Library. For grey literature, the British Library of electronic theses databases (ETHOS) will be explored. We will not limit by study type, geographical location, infection type or method of outcome measurement. Two researchers will independently carry out study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the ROB2 and ROBINS-E tools. The overall quality of the studies will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. We will also evaluate study heterogeneity with respect to study design, exposure and outcome measurement and if there is sufficient homogeneity, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Otherwise, we will provide a narrative synthesis with results grouped by exposure category and study design. Ethics and disseminationThe present study does not require ethical approval. Results will be disseminated via publishing in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023444854.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSano, M., Toyota, T., Morimoto, T., Noguchi, Y., Shigeno, R., Murai, R., Okada, T., Sasaki, Y., Taniguchi, T., Kim, K., Kobori, A., Ehara, N., Kinoshita, M., Doi, A., Tomii, K., Kihara, Y., Furukawa, Y.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
ObjectiveThere is a need for a robust tool to stratify the patient’s risk with COVID-19. We assessed the prognostic values of cardiac biomarkers for COVID-19 patients. MethodsThis is a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Consecutive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital from July 2020 to September 2021 were included. We obtained cardiac biomarker values from electronic health records and institutional blood banks. We stratified patients with cardiac biomarkers as high-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatine kinase (CK) and CK myocardial band (CK-MB), using the clinically relevant thresholds. Prespecified primary outcome measure was all-cause death. ResultsA total of 917 patients were included. hsTnI, NT-proBNP, CK and CK-MB were associated with the significantly higher cumulative 30-day incidence of all-cause death (hsTnI:
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLin, B., Middleton, R. R., Terefe, B., Appleton, A. A., Feingold, B. J., Lynch, T., Pieterse, A. L., Rogers, R., Armah, A. E., Bierce, L. F., Flagg, A. M., McCarthy, S.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
IntroductionIn the USA, Black birthing people and infants experience disproportionately worse pregnancy-related health outcomes. The causes for these disparities are unknown, but evidence suggests that they are likely socially and environmentally based. Efforts to identify the determinants of these racial disparities are urgently needed to elucidate the highest priority targets for intervention. The Birth and Beyond (BABY) study evaluates how micro-level (eg, interpersonal and family) and macro-level (eg, neighbourhood and environmental) risk and resiliency factors transact to shape birth person-infant health, and underlying psychobiological mechanisms. Methods and analysisThe BABY study will follow 350 Black families (birthing parents, non-birthing parents and infants) from pregnancy through the first postpartum year, with research visits during pregnancy and at infant ages 6 and 12 months. Research visits comprise a combination of interview about a range of recent and life course stress and resiliency exposures and supports, psychophysiological (sympathetic, parasympathetic and adrenocortical) assessment and behavioural observations of parent–infant coregulatory behaviours. Spatial analyses are completed by mapping parent current and past residential addresses onto archival public data (eg, about neighbourhood quality and racial segregation). Finally, EMRs are abstracted for information about birthing parent relevant medical history, pregnancy conditions and infant birth outcomes. Analyses will evaluate the risk and resiliency mechanisms that contribute to pregnancy and birth-related outcomes for Black birthing people and their infants, and the protective role of individual, familial, cultural, and community supports. Ethics and disseminationThe BABY study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Albany Medical Centre. The study team consulted with local organisations and groups comprised of stakeholders and community leaders and continues to do so throughout the study. Research results will be disseminated with the scientific and local community as appropriate.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFredric CarlssonLars RåbergaDepartment of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHozaifa MetwallyMaha M. ElbrashyTatsuhiko OzawaKazuki OkuyamaJason T. WhiteJanyerkye TulyeuJonas Nørskov SøndergaardJames Badger WingArisa MuratsuHisatake MatsumotoMasahito IkawaHiroyuki KishiIchiro TaniuchiTadamitsu KishimotoaLaboratory of Immune Regulation, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanbBiochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza P.O. 12622, EgyptcDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, JapandLaboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, JapaneLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanfHuman Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, JapangLaboratory of Human Single Cell Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanhDepartment of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, JapaniResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWitold PostekKlaudia StaśkiewiczElin LiljaBartłomiej WacławaDioscuri Centre for Physics and Chemistry of Bacteria, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa 01-224, PolandbBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142cSchool of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKavita DeJuan M. BelardinelliArun Prasad PanduranganTeddy EhianetaElena LianZuzana PalčekováHa LamMercedes Gonzalez-JuarreroJosephine M. BryantTom L. BlundellJulian ParkhillR. Andres FlotoTodd L. LowaryWilliam H. WheatMary JacksonaMycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682bVictor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Campus, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 OBB, United KingdomcInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 11529, TaiwandParasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United KingdomeDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United KingdomfMolecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United KingdomgUniversity of Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United KingdomhCambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AY, United KingdomiInstitute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGang ChenQingxia HanWan-Xiang LiRong HaiShou-Wei DingaDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNiels JohannesenAlessandro Tang-Andersen MartinelloBjørn Bjørnsson MeyerEmil Toft VestergaardAsger Lau AndersenThais Lærkholm JensenaSaïd Business School, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 1HP, United KingdombDepartment of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1353, DenmarkcCenter for Economic Behavior and Inequality, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1353, DenmarkdDanmarks Nationalbank, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAri S. FreedmanJustin K. SheenStella TsaiJihong YaoEdward LifshitzDavid AdinaroSimon A. LevinBryan T. GrenfellC. Jessica E. MetcalfaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bNew Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ 08625
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSheng ShuYuko TsutsuiRajkanwar NathawatWei MiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520bCancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516cDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVictoria ChevéeKarthik HullahalliKatherine G. DaileyLeslie GüerecaChenyu ZhangMatthew K. WaldorDaniel A. PortnoyaDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720bDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115cDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115dHHMI, Bethesda, MD 20815eDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXing LiuChunchun ZhuShuke JiaHongyan DengJinhua TangXueyi SunXiaoli ZengXiaoyun ChenZixuan WangWen LiuQian LiaoHuangyuan ZhaXiaolian CaiWuhan XiaoaKey Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinabHubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, ChinacThe Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinadUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaeThe Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background K. pneumoniae is capable of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through expression of β-lactamases (both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded) and downregulation of outer membrane porins. However, the extent to which these mechanisms interplay in a resistant phenotype is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which β-lactamases and outer membrane porins affected β-lactam resistance.Methods MICs to β-lactams and inhibitor combinations were determined by agar dilution or E-test. Outer membrane porin production was evaluated by western blot of outer membrane fractions. β-lactamase carriage was determined by whole genome sequencing and expression evaluated by RT-qPCR.Results Plasmid-encoded β-lactamases were important for cefotaxime and ceftazidime resistance. Elevated expression of chromosomal SHV was important for ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance. Loss of outer membrane porins was predictive of meropenem resistance. ESβLs and pAmpCs in addition to porin loss were sufficient to confer resistance to the third generation cephalosporins, pipercillin/tazobactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and meropenem. pAmpCs (CMY-2 and DHA) alone conferred resistance to pipercillin/tazobactam.Discussion Detection of a resistance gene by whole genome sequencing was not sufficient to predict resistance to all antibiotics tested. some β-lactam resistance was dependent on the expression of both plasmid-encoded and chromosomal β-lactamases and loss of porins.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniele Focosi, Massimo Franchini, Arturo Casadevall, Fabrizio Maggi
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies represent one of the most tolerable prophylaxis and therapies for COVID-19 in frail and immunocompromised patients. Unfortunately, viral evolution in Omicron has led all of them to failure.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnca Rath, Bärbel Kieninger, Nilufarbayim Mirzaliyeva, Stephan Schmid, Patricia Mester, Wulf Schneider-Brachert
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Surveillance of multidrug-resistant bacteria like vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and prompt outbreak recognition are vital for infection prevention and control (IPC). Yet, data collection is laborious, and analysis prone to errors due to limited resolution of common diagnostic tools. Precision in defining \'the same pathogen\' is, however, critical for nosocomial transmission analysis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a major public health problem, necessitating the administration of polymyxin E (colistin) as a last-line antibiotic. Meanwhile, the mortality rate associated with colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae infections is seriously increasing. On the other hand, importance of administration of carbapenems in promoting colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is unknown. Case presentation We report a case of K. pneumoniae-related pyogenic liver abscess in which susceptible K. pneumoniae transformed into carbapenem- and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae during treatment with imipenem. The case of pyogenic liver abscess was a 50-year-old man with diabetes and liver transplant who was admitted to Abu Ali Sina Hospital in Shiraz. The K. pneumoniae isolate responsible for community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess was isolated and identified. The K. pneumoniae isolate was sensitive to all tested antibiotics except ampicillin in the antimicrobial susceptibility test and was identified as a non-K1/K2 classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) strain. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified the isolate as sequence type 54 (ST54). Based on the patient’s request, he was discharged to continue treatment at another center. After two months, he was readmitted due to fever and progressive constitutional symptoms. During treatment with imipenem, the strain acquired blaOXA−48 and showed resistance to carbapenems and was identified as a multidrug resistant (MDR) strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test for colistin was performed by broth microdilution method and the strain was sensitive to colistin (MIC
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background The problem of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which is caused by ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases, is getting worse globally. Infections caused by bacterial isolates harboring these enzymes are difficult to treat with carbapenems being the sole effective treatment option for such infections. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ESBLs and AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens and to evaluate the sensitivity of cefepime-tazobactam combination against them. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study carried out on 100 Gram-negative bacilli at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Hospital during the period from February 2015 to January 2016. ESBL production was screened by using the disc diffusion test followed by confirmation by the combined disc confirmatory test, the screening for AmpC production was conducted using the cefoxitin disc test, which was subsequently confirmed by the AmpC disc test. Isolates confirmed positive for ESBL and/ or AmpC production were investigated for their susceptibility to antibiotics. Results Among 100 Gram-negative bacilli, 44 isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by the combined disc confirmatory test out of 56 isolates that tested positive for ESBL production through the disc diffusion test. The presence of AmpC production was assessed using the cefoxitin disc test, 32 isolates were screened to be AmpC producers, and the AmpC disc test confirmed AmpC production in 9 isolates of them. Using the Mast® D68C set, 32 isolates were ESBL producers, 3 were AmpC producers, and 4 isolates were ESBL/AmpC co-producers. The highest sensitivity was to cefepime-tazobactam (91.48%) followed by the carbapenems. Conclusion Cefepime-tazobactam showed remarkable activity against ESBL and/or AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli and may be considered as a therapeutic alternative to carbapenems.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Influenza-like illness (ILI) imposes a significant burden on patients, employers and society. However, there is no analysis and prediction at the hospital level in Chongqing. We aimed to characterize the seasonality of ILI, examine age heterogeneity in visits, and predict ILI peaks and assess whether they affect hospital operations. Methods The multiplicative decomposition model was employed to decompose the trend and seasonality of ILI, and the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX) model was used for the trend and short-term prediction of ILI. We used Grid Search and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to calibrate and verify the optimal hyperparameters, and verified the residuals of the multiplicative decomposition and SARIMAX model, which are both white noise. Results During the 12-year study period, ILI showed a continuous upward trend, peaking in winter (Dec. - Jan.) and a small spike in May-June in the 2–4-year-old high-risk group for severe disease. The mean length of stay (LOS) in ILI peaked around summer (about Aug.), and the LOS in the 0–1 and ≥ 65 years old severely high-risk group was more irregular than the others. We found some anomalies in the predictive analysis of the test set, which were basically consistent with the dynamic zero-COVID policy at the time. Conclusion The ILI patient visits showed a clear cyclical and seasonal pattern. ILI prevention and control activities can be conducted seasonally on an annual basis, and age heterogeneity should be considered in the health resource planning. Targeted immunization policies are essential to mitigate potential pandemic threats. The SARIMAX model has good short-term forecasting ability and accuracy. It can help explore the epidemiological characteristics of ILI and provide an early warning and decision-making basis for the allocation of medical resources related to ILI visits.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Vaccination is effective in preventing viral respiratory infectious diseases through protective antibodies and the gut microbiome has been proven to regulate human immunity. This study explores the causal correlations between gut microbial features and serum-specific antiviral immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Methods We conduct a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to explore the causal relationships between 412 gut microbial features and four antiviral IgG (for influenza A, measles, rubella, and mumps) levels. To make the results more reliable, we used four robust methods and performed comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Results The MR analyses revealed 26, 13, 20, and 18 causal associations of the gut microbial features influencing four IgG levels separately. Interestingly, ten microbial features, like genus Collinsella, species Bifidobacterium longum, and the biosynthesis of L-alanine have shown the capacity to regulate multiple IgG levels with consistent direction (rise or fall). The reverse MR analysis suggested several potential causal associations of IgG levels affecting microbial features. Conclusions The human immune response against viral respiratory infectious diseases could be modulated by changing the abundance of gut microbes, which provided new approaches for the intervention of viral respiratory infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuowei WangLianmei ZhongManxia WangJuan ZhouShuting LiuWang MiaoLeilei LiYonghong LiuShougang GuoHaining LiXiaoming WangLiuqing XieMin XieShihong FuTingting XuanFan LiTingting YangLufei ShaoMingfang ShiXiaocong LiXiaoling LiLi GaoShaopeng ZhaiJia DingTianhong WangDayong LiuGuosheng MaJiang WuDongjun WanJunlin GuoXinbo ZhangJinxia WuYinxu WangAnsong JinLei MaHuan YangXuexian HeXiaona MaHuijuan LiuBoya MaNingai YangXiaolin HouTing XuCheng-feng QinHuanyu WangPeng XieZhenhai Wanga The First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinab Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinae Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaf Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of Chinah Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of Chinai Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of Chinaj Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinak The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of Chinal Meishan People’s Hospital, Meishan, People’s Republic of Chinam Chengdu Seventh People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of Chinan National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinao Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinap Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaq Department of Pediatrics, Yibin Hospital, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yibin, People’s Republic of Chinar Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, People’s Republic of Chinas The First People’s Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, People’s Republic of Chinat The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinau The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, People’s Republic of Chinav Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinaw The First People’s Hospital of Longnan, Longnan, People’s Republic of Chinax The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinay Qingyang People's Hospital, Qingyang, People’s Republic of Chinaz The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of Chinaaa Emergency Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaab Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaac Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaad General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaae State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaaf NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing, People’s Republic of Chinaag Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Lu Liu, Shuang He, Lin Jia, Hua Yao, Dan Zhou, Xiaobin Guo, Lei Miao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Lu Liu, Shuang He, Lin Jia, Hua Yao, Dan Zhou, Xiaobin Guo, Lei Miao Objective The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates the production of inflammatory factors and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link among TLR4 gene polymorphisms at various loci, protein expression, and gouty arthritis susceptibility. Methods Between 2016 and 2021, a case-control study was used to collect a total of 1207 study subjects, including 317 male patients with gouty arthritis (gout group) and 890 healthy males (control group). The association between gout susceptibility and different genetic models was analyzed by typing three loci of the TLR4 gene (rs2149356, rs2737191, and rs10759932) using a multiplex point mutation rapid assay, and the association between protein expression and gout was confirmed by measuring TLR4 protein concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results In a codominant models AA and AG, the rs2737191 polymorphism in the gout group increased the risk of gout compared to the AA genotype (OR = 2.249, 95%CI 1.010~5.008), and the risk of gout was higher for those carrying the G allele compared to the A allele (OR = 2.227, 95%CI 1.006~4.932). TLR4 protein expression was different between the two groups with different locus genotypes. The differences in TLR4 protein expression between the gout group and control group were statistically significant between the following genotypes: the GG and GT genotypes of the rs2149356 polymorphism; the AA and AG genotypes of the rs2737191 polymorphism; and the TT and TC genotypes of the rs10759932 polymorphism(P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuayong Huang, Qiaoling Chang, Yanhui Zhou, Li Liao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Huayong Huang, Qiaoling Chang, Yanhui Zhou, Li Liao Background Central catheter bloodstream infections (CRBSI) is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. However, few factors are generally accepted and some studies have conflicting finding about some factors, possibly caused by limitation associated with an individual study. This study was to identify risk factors for CRBSI in intensive care units. Methods We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of science and EMBASE databases and the 4 top Chinese-language databases, including WanFang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) as of July 2023. Case control and cohort studies were included. Two authors independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The pooled effect size was estimated using the odds ratio (OR), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The Cochrane Q (χ2) and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity among studies, and each risk factor was tested for its robustness using fixed- or random-effects models. Findings A total of 32 studies enrolled, among which eleven factors were identified, they were divided into two categories: modifiable and unmodifiable factors. Modifiable factors: duration of catheterization (≥ 5d) (OR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.41–3.03), duration of catheterization (≥ 7d) (OR: 3.62, 95%CI: 2.65–4.97), duration of catheterization (≥ 14d)(OR: 4.85, 95%CI: 3.35–7.01), total parenteral nutrition (OR: 2.27,95%CI: 1.56–3.29), use of multiple-lumen catheters(OR: 3.41, 95%CI: 2.27–5.11), times of tube indwelling (OR: 3.50, 95%CI: 2.93–4.17), length of ICU stay (OR: 4.05, 95%CI: 2.41–6.80), the position of indwelling(OR: 2.41, 95%CI: 2.03–2.85); Unmodifiable factors: APACHEII scores (OR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.54–2.20), Age≥ 60 years old (OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.76–2.73), the extensive use of antibiotic (OR: 3.54, 95%CI: 1.65–7.61), Diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.06, 95%CI: 2.56–3.66), Immunosuppression (OR: 2.87, 95%CI: 2.08–3.95). Conclusions Effective interventions targeting the above modifiable factors may reduce the risk of developing CRBSI in ICU and improve the clinical outcome of patients. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuliana Elvira Herdy Guerra Avila, Levy Aniceto Santana, Denise Rabelo Suzuki, Vinícius Zacarias Maldaner da Silva, Marcio Luís Duarte, Aline Mizusaki Imoto, Fábio Ferreira Amorim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Juliana Elvira Herdy Guerra Avila, Levy Aniceto Santana, Denise Rabelo Suzuki, Vinícius Zacarias Maldaner da Silva, Marcio Luís Duarte, Aline Mizusaki Imoto, Fábio Ferreira Amorim Introduction Burns are tissue traumas caused by energy transfer and occur with a variable inflammatory response. The consequences of burns represent a public health problem worldwide. Inhalation injury (II) is a severity factor when associated with burn, leading to a worse prognosis. Its treatment is complex and often involves invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary purpose of this study will be to assess the evidence regarding the frequency and mortality of II in burn patients. The secondary purposes will be to assess the evidence regarding the association between IIs and respiratory complications (pneumonia, airway obstruction, acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome), need for IMV and complications in other organ systems, and highlight factors associated with IIs in burn patients and prognostic factors associated with acute respiratory failure, need for IMV and mortality of II in burn patients. Methods This is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS/VHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases will be consulted without language restrictions and publication date. Studies presenting incomplete data and patients under 19 years of age will be excluded. Data will be synthesized through continuous (mean and standard deviation) and dichotomous (relative risk) variables and the total number of participants. The means, sample sizes, standard deviations from the mean, and relative risks will be entered into the Review Manager web analysis software (The Cochrane Collaboration). Discussion Despite the extensive experience managing IIs in burn patients, they still represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and accurate measurement of its damage are complex, and therapies are essentially based on supportive measures. Considering the challenge, their impact, and their potential severity, IIs represent a promising area for research, needing further studies to understand and contribute to its better evolution.The protocol of this review is registered on the International prospective register of systematic reviews platform of the Center for Revisions and Disclosure of the University of York, United Kingdom (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero), under number RD42022343944.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel E. Jacobsen, Makaela M. Montoya, Trent R. Llewellyn, Kaitlyn Martinez, Kristen M. Wilding, Kiersten D. Lenz, Carrie A. Manore, Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland, Harshini Mukundan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Daniel E. Jacobsen, Makaela M. Montoya, Trent R. Llewellyn, Kaitlyn Martinez, Kristen M. Wilding, Kiersten D. Lenz, Carrie A. Manore, Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland, Harshini Mukundan Universal and early recognition of pathogens occurs through recognition of evolutionarily conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune receptors and the consequent secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The intrinsic complexity of innate immune signaling and associated signal transduction challenges our ability to obtain physiologically relevant, reproducible and accurate data from experimental systems. One of the reasons for the discrepancy in observed data is the choice of measurement strategy. Immune signaling is regulated by the interplay between pathogen-derived molecules with host cells resulting in cellular expression changes. However, these cellular processes are often studied by the independent assessment of either the transcriptome or the proteome. Correlation between transcription and protein analysis is lacking in a variety of studies. In order to methodically evaluate the correlation between transcription and protein expression profiles associated with innate immune signaling, we measured cytokine and chemokine levels following exposure of human cells to the PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Expression of 84 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and 69 proteins, including 35 overlapping targets, were measured in human lung epithelial cells. We evaluated 50 biological replicates to determine reproducibility of outcomes. Following pairwise normalization, 16 mRNA transcripts and 6 proteins were significantly upregulated following LPS exposure, while only five (CCL2, CSF3, CXCL5, CXCL8/IL8, and IL6) were upregulated in both transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. This lack of correlation between transcription and protein expression data may contribute to the discrepancy in the immune profiles reported in various studies. The use of multiomic assessments to achieve a systems-level understanding of immune signaling processes can result in the identification of host biomarker profiles for a variety of infectious diseases and facilitate countermeasure design and development.
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