Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Ingen søgeord valgt.
44 emner vises.
Rebecca Akunzirwe, Simone Carter, Brenda N. Simbwa, Mercy W. Wanyana, Sherry R. Ahirirwe, Saudah K. Namubiru, Mackline Ninsiima, Allan Komakech, Alex R. Ario, Daniel Kadobera, Benon Kwesiga, Richard Migisha, Lilian Bulage, Helen N. Naiga, Jane F. Zalwango, Brian Agaba, Zainah Kabami, Marie G. Zalwango, Patrick King, Thomas Kiggundu, Peter C. Kawungezi, Doreen N. Gonahasa, Irene B. Kyamwine, Immaculate Atuhaire, Alice Asio, Sarah Elayeete, Edirisa J. Nsubuga, Veronica Masanja, Stella M. Migamba, Petranilla Nakamya, Rose Nampeera, Andrew Kwiringira, Mary Choi, Terrence Lo, Julie R. Harris
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Both the case-fatality and the transmission of Ebola Disease (EBOD) can be reduced with early isolation of and appropriate care and treatment for EBOD patients at Ebola Treatment Units (ETUs) [1]. This requires active case finding, monitoring of contacts, and rapid isolation of contacts who become ill, [2,3] as well as strong health-seeking behavior of persons with EBOD symptoms [2,4]. As such, communities must be aware of EBOD-related symptoms, both the early non-specific symptoms as well as the late EBOD-related symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHui Xie, Junnan Zhang, Shuang Bai, Min Lv, Juan Li, Weixin Chen, Luodan Suo, Meng Chen, Wei Zhao, Shanshan Zhou, Jian Wang, Ao Zhang, Jianxin Ma, Fengshuang Wang, Le Yan, Dongmei Li, Jiang Wu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic [1-3]. As the pandemic progressed, new, more transmissible but less virulent variants, like the Omicron variant, emerged and became more dominant, further reducing the mortality rate [4-8]. The World Health Organization (WHO) eventually declared that the COVID-19 pandemic no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern on May 2023 [9].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWinston L. Winkler, Ige A. Geroge, Sumanth Gandra, Jonathan C. Baker, Anderanik Tomasian, Benjamin Northrup, Theodore L. Vander Velde, Travis J. Hillen, Chongliang Luo, Resten Imaoka, Gino M. Dettorre, Jack W. Jennings
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Vertebral osteomyelitis diagnosis and etiologic identification is best accomplished by surgical sampling or by image-guided core needle biopsy and/or aspiration to obtain tissue for histopathologic examination and microbiological cultures [1,2]. The identification and antimicrobial susceptibility data of a causative microorganism is crucial, as the current standard of care is to treat patients with at least 6 weeks of antimicrobials, along with surgical therapy whenever possible [3,4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background In recent years, the prevalence of respiratory fungal diseases has increased. Polyene antifungal drugs play a pivotal role in the treatment of these conditions, with amphotericin B (AmB) being the most representative drug. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical administration of AmB in the treatment of respiratory fungal infections. Methods We conducted a retrospective study on hospitalized patients treated with topical administered AmB for respiratory fungal infections from January 2014 to June 2023. Results Data from 36 patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infections treated with topical administration of AmB were collected and analyzed. Nebulization was administered to 27 patients. After the treatment, 17 patients evidenced improved conditions, whereas 10 patients did not respond and died in the hospital. One patient experienced an irritating cough as an adverse reaction. Seven patients underwent tracheoscopic instillation, and two received intrapleural irrigation; they achieved good clinical therapeutic efficacy without adverse effects. Conclusion The combined application of systemic antifungal treatment and topical administration of AmB yielded good therapeutic efficacy and was well-tolerated by the patients. Close monitoring of routine blood tests, liver and kidney function, and levels of electrolytes, troponin, and B-type natriuretic peptide supported this conclusion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Studies have shown that Omicron breakthrough infections can occur at higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels compared to previous variants. Estimating the magnitude of immunological protection induced from COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection remains important due to varying local pandemic dynamics and types of vaccination programmes, particularly among at-risk populations such as health care workers (HCWs). We analysed a follow-up SARS-CoV-2 serological survey of HCWs at a tertiary COVID-19 referral hospital in Germany following the onset of the Omicron variant. Methods The serological survey was conducted in January 2022, one year after previous surveys in 2020 and the availability of COVID-19 boosters including BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-S, and mRNA-1273. HCWs voluntarily provided blood for serology and completed a comprehensive questionnaire. SARS-CoV-2 serological analyses were performed using an Immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibody levels were reported according to HCW demographic and occupational characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection history, and multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate these associations. Results In January 2022 (following the fourth COVID-19 wave in Germany including the onset of the Omicron variant), 1482/1517 (97.7%) HCWs tested SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, compared to 4.6% in December 2020 (second COVID-19 wave). Approximately 80% had received three COVID-19 vaccine doses and 15% reported a previous laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 IgG geometric mean titres ranged from 335 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 258–434) among those vaccinated twice and without previous infection to 2204 (95% CI: 1919–2531) among those vaccinated three times and with previous infection. Heterologous COVID-19 vaccination combinations including a mRNA-1273 booster were significantly associated with the highest IgG antibody levels compared to other schemes. There was an 8-to 10-fold increase in IgG antibody levels among 31 HCWs who reported a SARS-CoV-2 infection in May 2020 to January 2022 after COVID-19 booster vaccination. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the importance of ongoing COVID-19 booster vaccination strategies in the context of variants such as Omicron and despite hybrid immunity from previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, particularly for at-risk populations such as HCWs. Where feasible, effective types of booster vaccination, such as mRNA vaccines, and the appropriate timing of administration should be carefully considered.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) refers to a set of parasitic illnesses caused by nematode worms and spread to people through faeces-contaminated soil. It is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries due to a lack of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. Pregnant women are among the risk groups for infection by soil-transmitted helminths. Former studies of the disease burden among pregnant women in Ethiopia didn’t indicate the intensity of parasitic infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of soil-transmitted helminths among pregnant women. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 randomly selected pregnant women. The data were collected using a structured interview-administered questionnaire and a laboratory test. The Kato-Katz technique was used to diagnose soil-transmitted helminthiasis and determine the intensity of the infection. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of soil-transmitted helminths at a p-value
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Herpes Zoster is an age dependent disease and as such it represents a problem in the Italian social context, where the demographic curve is characterized by an overrepresentation of the elderly population. Vaccines against Herpes Zoster are available, safe and effective, however coverage remains sub-optimal. This study was therefore conducted to examine the variations in Herpes Zoster vaccine uptake and confidence across different regions in Italy. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) methodology. The survey was conducted by Dynata, an online panel provider, and involved 10,000 respondents recruited in Italy between April 11 and May 29, 2022. The sample was stratified based on geographic region, gender, and age group. Data management adhered to European Union data protection regulations, and the survey covered demographics, living conditions, and vaccination against herpes zoster (HZ), following the BeSD framework. Results The findings indicate regional disparities in herpes zoster vaccine uptake across Italy. Notably, the Islands region exhibits a particularly low vaccination rate (2.9%), highlighting the need for targeted interventions. The multivariate regression analysis showed that sociodemographic factors, limited access to healthcare services, and inadequate awareness of vaccine eligibility contribute to the lower uptake observed in this region. Conclusion In conclusion, this research emphasizes regional disparities in herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination uptake in Italy. Demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic factors impact individuals’ willingness to receive the vaccine. The study highlights the importance of awareness of vaccine eligibility and accessible vaccination facilities in increasing uptake rates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Immunodeficient patients, particularly HIV patients, are at risk of opportunistic infections. Nontuberculous mycobacteria can cause severe complications in immunodeficient patients. Case Presentation We describe a 57-year-old HIV patient, primarily presented with coughs and constitutional symptoms, with a unique Mycobacterium genavense abdominal, pulmonary, and central nervous system infection, accompanied by intracranial masses. Conclusion The diagnosis of NTM, including M. genavense, must always be considered by clinicians in immunodeficient patients, especially those with HIV, who have a compromised immune system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRicardo Soto-Rifo
Nat Rev Microbiol, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Sandra March, Niketa Nerurkar, Anisha Jain, Linda Andrus, Daniel Kim, Charles A. Whittaker, Edward K.W. Tan, Sabine Thiberge, Heather E. Fleming, Liliana Mancio-Silva, Charles M. Rice, Sangeeta N. Bhatia
Science Advances, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Ryan C. Burdick, Michael Morse, Ioulia Rouzina, Mark C. Williams, Wei-Shau Hu, Vinay K. Pathak
Science Advances, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Kazutoyo MiuraYevel Flores-GarciaCarole A. LongFidel Zavala1Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA2Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Louisa A. Messenger, Gordon A. AwandareKwadwo Asamoah Kusi
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract During pandemics, healthcare providers struggle with balancing obligations to self, family, and patients. While HIV/AIDS seemed to settle this issue, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rekindled debates regarding treatment refusal. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science using terms including obligation, refusal, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and pandemics. After duplicate removal and dual, independent screening, we analyzed 156 articles for quality, ethical position, reasons, and concepts. Diseases in our sample included HIV/AIDS (72.2%), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (10.2%), COVID-19 (10.2%), Ebola (7.0%), and influenza (7.0%). Most articles (81.9%, n = 128) indicated an obligation to treat. COVID-19 had the highest number of papers indicating ethical acceptability of refusal (60%, P < .001), while HIV had the least (13.3%, P = .026). Several reason domains were significantly different during COVID-19, including unreasonable risks to self/family (26.7%, P < .001) and labor rights/workers\' protection (40%, P < .001). A surge in ethics literature during COVID-19 has advocated for permissibility of treatment refusal. Balancing healthcare provision with workforce protection is crucial in effectively responding to a global pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Vascular graft infection (VGI) is one of the most serious complications following arterial reconstructive surgery. VGI has received increasing attention over the past decade, but many questions remain regarding its diagnosis and management. In this review, we describe our approach to VGI through multidisciplinary collaboration and discuss decision making for challenging presentations. This review will concentrate on VGI that impacts both aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms excluding the ascending thoracic aorta.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract The ESC diagnostic criteria for infective endocarditis (IE) added spondylodiscitis as minor diagnostic criterion. Of patients with Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcal or Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia, 11 of 1807 episodes were reclassified to definite IE of which nine were not treated as IE. Spondylodiscitis as a minor criterion decreases specificity of the criteria.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract The ESC 2023 guidelines for the management of endocarditis stress that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to manage patients with infective endocarditis (IE). In our view the guidelines do not include the relevant perspectives from modern microbiology. The diagnostic criteria for IE were changed in the ESC 2023 guidelines and many IE-causing pathogens are either not clearly defined or not even mentioned. Moreover, the improved understanding of the relation between bacterial species and the risk for IE has not been implemented. The guidelines give detailed, and in our view not correct, instructions about diagnostic testing in blood culture negative IE without presenting proper evidence. Other important diagnostic aspects such as the value of repeated blood cultures and incubation time for blood cultures are not discussed. We believe that a multidisciplinary collaboration, including microbiologists, would have improved these guidelines and we hope for a future harmonization of diagnostic criteria for IE.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Otitis is commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis but role of ear surgery as treatment is debated. In this study, we investigated the impact of otitis and ear surgery on outcome of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.Methods We analyzed episodes of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, between March 2006 to July 2021.Results A total of 2,548 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis were evaluated. Otitis was present in 696 episodes (27%). In these patients the primary causative pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (615 of 696 [88%]), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (5%) and Haemophilus influenzae (4%). In 519 of 632 otitis episodes (82%) an ear-nose-throat specialist was consulted, and surgery was performed in 287 of 519 (55%). The types of surgery performed were myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion in 110 of 287 episodes (38%), mastoidectomy in 103 of 287 (36%) and myringotomy alone in 74 of 287 (26%). Unfavorable outcome occurred in 210 of 696 episodes (30%) and in 65 of 696 episodes was fatal (9%). Otitis was associated with a favorable outcome in a multivariable analysis (odds ratio 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.92; p =0.008). There was no association between outcome and ear surgery.Conclusions Otitis is a common focus of infection in community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults, with S. pneumoniae being the most common causative pathogen. Presence of otitis is associated with a favorable outcome. Ear surgery’s impact on the outcome of otogenic meningitis patients remains uncertain.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Vascular graft infection (VGI) is one of the most serious complications following arterial reconstructive surgery. VGI has received increasing attention over the past decade, but many questions remain regarding its diagnosis and management. In this review, we describe our approach to VGI through multidisciplinary collaboration and discuss decision-making for challenging presentations. This document will concentrate on VGI that impacts both aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms excluding the ascending thoracic aorta.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYingying DuJun XiaZhengxiang WangJie XuYanhong JiYinghong JinLing PuShuai Xua State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, People’s Republic of Chinac Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guizhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Fouad Chouairi, Edward Jaffe, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Marat Fudim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Fouad Chouairi, Edward Jaffe, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Marat Fudim Background The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched healthcare resources thin and led to significant morbidity and mortality. There have been no studies utilizing national data to investigate the role of cardiac risk factors on outcomes of COVID hospitalizations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on healthcare utilization and outcomes among COVID hospitalizations during the first year of the pandemic. Methods Using the national inpatient sample (NIS), we identified all adult hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of COVID in 2020, using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (ICD010-CM). Coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, previous stroke, and atrial fibrillation were then identified as cardiac comorbidities using ICD-10-CM codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on mortality and mechanical ventilation. Results We identified 1,005,040 primary COVID admissions in 2020. Of these admissions, 216,545 (20.6%) had CAD, 413,195 (39.4%) had DM, 176,780 (16.8%) had HF, 159,700 (15.2%) had AF, 30735 (2.9%) had PVD, and 25,155 (2.4%) had a previous stroke. When stratified by number of comorbidities, 428390 (40.8%) had 0 comorbidities, 354960 (33.8%) had 1, 161225 (15.4%) had 2, and 105465 (10.0%) had 3+ comorbidities. COVID hospitalizations with higher cardiac multimorbidity had higher mortality rates (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFang Fang, John David Clemens, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Timothy F. Brewer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Fang Fang, John David Clemens, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Timothy F. Brewer Background Given the waning of vaccine effectiveness and the shifting of the most dominant strains in the U.S., it is imperative to understand the association between vaccination coverage and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease and mortality at the community levels and whether that association might vary according to the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strains in the U.S. Methods Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between U.S. county-level cumulative vaccination rates and booster distribution and the daily change in county-wide Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) risks and mortality during Alpha, Delta and Omicron predominance. Models were adjusted for potential confounders at both county and state level. A 2-week lag and a 4-week lag were introduced to assess vaccination rate impact on incidence and mortality, respectively. Results Among 3,073 counties in 48 states, the average county population complete vaccination rate of all age groups was 50.79% as of March 11th, 2022. Each percentage increase in vaccination rates was associated with reduction of 4% (relative risk (RR) 0.9607 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9553, 0.9661)) and 3% (RR 0.9694 (95% CI: 0.9653, 0.9736)) in county-wide COVID-19 cases and mortality, respectively, when Alpha was the dominant variant. The associations between county-level vaccine rates and COVID-19 incidence diminished during the Delta and Omicron predominance. However, each percent increase in people receiving a booster shot was associated with reduction of 6% (RR 0.9356 (95% CI: 0.9235, 0.9479)) and 4% (RR 0.9595 (95% CI: 0.9431, 0.9761)) in COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the community, respectively, during the Omicron predominance. Conclusions Associations between complete vaccination rates and COVID-19 incidence and mortality appeared to vary with shifts in the dominant variant, perhaps due to variations in vaccine efficacy by variant or to waning vaccine immunity over time. Vaccine boosters were associated with notable protection against Omicron disease and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHadil Alahdal, Ghaida Almuneef, Manal Muhammed Alkhulaifi, Omar Aldibasi, Abdulrahman Aljouie, Othman Alharbi, Zakiah Naser Almohawes, Fatemah Basingab, Mokhtar Rejili
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Hadil Alahdal, Ghaida Almuneef, Manal Muhammed Alkhulaifi, Omar Aldibasi, Abdulrahman Aljouie, Othman Alharbi, Zakiah Naser Almohawes, Fatemah Basingab, Mokhtar Rejili Crohn’s disease (CD) entails intricate interactions with gut microbiome diversity, richness, and composition. The relationship between CD and gut microbiome is not clearly understood and has not been previously characterized in Saudi Arabia. We performed statistical analysis about various factors influencing CD activity and microbiota dysbiosis, including diagnosis, treatment, and its impact on their quality of life as well as high-throughput metagenomic V3-V4 16S rRNA encoding gene hypervariable region of a total of eighty patients with CD, both in its active and inactive state with healthy controls. The results were correlated with the demographic and lifestyle information, which the participants provided via a questionnaire. α-diversity measures indicated lower bacterial diversity and richness in the active and inactive CD groups compared to the control group. Greater dysbiosis was observed in the active CD patients compared to the inactive form of the disease, showed by a reduction in microbial diversity. Specific pathogenic bacteria such as Filifactor, Peptoniphilus, and Sellimonas were identified as characteristic of CD groups. In contrast, anti-inflammatory bacteria like Defluviitalea, Papillibacter, and Petroclostridium were associated with the control group. Among the various factors influencing disease activity and microbiota dysbiosis, smoking emerged as the most significant, with reduced α-diversity and richness for the smokers in all groups, and proinflammatory Fusobacteria was more present (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTao-Qian Tang, Rashid Jan, Zahir Shah, Narcisa Vrinceanu, Ciprian Tanasescu, Asif Jan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Tao-Qian Tang, Rashid Jan, Zahir Shah, Narcisa Vrinceanu, Ciprian Tanasescu, Asif Jan Infectious disease cryptosporidiosis is caused by the cryptosporidium parasite, a type of parasitic organism. It is spread through the ingestion of contaminated water, food, or fecal matter from infected animals or humans. The control becomes difficult because the parasite may remain in the environment for a long period. In this work, we constructed an epidemic model for the infection of cryptosporidiosis in a fractional framework with strong and weak immunity concepts. In our analysis, we utilize the well-known next-generation matrix technique to evaluate the reproduction number of the recommended model, indicated by R 0. As R 0 < 1, our results show that the disease-free steady-state is locally asymptotically stable; in other cases, it becomes unstable. Our emphasis is on the dynamical behavior and the qualitative analysis of cryptosporidiosis. Moreover, the fixed point theorem of Schaefer and Banach has been utilized to investigate the existence and uniqueness of the solution. We identify suitable conditions for the Ulam-Hyers stability of the proposed model of the parasitic infection. The impact of the determinants on the sickness caused by cryptosporidiosis is highlighted by the examination of the solution pathways using a novel numerical technique. Numerical investigation is conducted on the solution pathways of the system while varying various input factors. Policymakers and health officials are informed of the crucial factors pertaining to the infection system to aid in its control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInternational Journal for Parasitology, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 23 April 2024 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Ľubomíra Chmelová, Natalya Kraeva, Andreu Saura, Adam Krayzel, Cecilia Stahl Vieira, Tainá Neves Ferreira, Rodrigo Pedro Soares, Barbora Bučková, Arnau Galan, Eva Horáková, Barbora Vojtková, Jovana Sádlová, Marina N. Malysheva, Anzhelika Butenko, Galina Prokopchuk, Alexander O. Frolov, Julius Lukeš, Anton Horváth, Ingrid Škodová-Sveráková, Denise Feder
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCurrent Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Stevens, Dennis L.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Naughton, Patrick; Enright, Frances; Lucey, Brigid
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an infectious disease that presents clinically in only a small percentage of individuals despite almost universal infection with the causative agent. Here, we review the latest concepts in the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and host response of this disease. Recent findings Several recently published papers/reviews describe IM as a condition caused by one of several etiologic agents including, cytomegalovirus (HHV-5), Roseola virus (HHV-6) and Toxoplasmosis amongst others; this review focuses on IM as solely caused by the human herpes virus 4 (HHV-4). Since the initial discovery of the virus in the 1960s and its subsequent discovery as the primary etiologic agent for IM it has been associated with several human cancers and autoimmune disorders. Recent published findings show a correlation between HHV-4 and the autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting earlier IM could possibly act as a causative factor. Considering the important links being made with IM to so many cancers and autoimmune disorders it is surprising that a standard investigative procedure has yet to be determined for this disease. A standard approach to the investigation of IM would ensure more cases are diagnosed, particularly atypical cases, this would benefit epidemiological studies, and more immediately help practitioners distinguish viral from bacterial throat infections, enabling them to treat accordingly. Summary The understanding of the latest concepts in clinical presentation, epidemiology and host response to IM would benefit greatly from the introduction of a standard procedure for its investigation and diagnosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanford, Tristan C.; Tweten, Rodney K.; Abrahamsen, Hunter L.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Many cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC)-producing pathogens pose a significant threat to human health. Herein, we review the pore-dependent and -independent properties CDCs possess to assist pathogens in evading the host immune response. Recent findings Within the last 5 years, exciting new research suggests CDCs can act to inhibit important immune functions, disrupt critical cell signaling pathways, and have tissue-specific effects. Additionally, recent studies have identified a key region of CDCs that generates robust immunity, providing resources for the development of CDC-based vaccines. Summary This review provides new information on how CDCs alter host immune responses to aid bacteria in pathogenesis. These studies can assist in the design of more efficient vaccines and therapeutics against CDCs that will enhance the immune response to CDC-producing pathogens while mitigating the dampening effects CDCs have on the host immune response.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoward, Leigh M.; Grijalva, Carlos G.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes. Recent findings While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses. Summary Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichels, Sarah Y.; Daley, Matthew F.; Newcomer, Sophia R.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Completion of all doses in multidose vaccine series provides optimal protection against preventable infectious diseases. In this review, we describe clinical and public health implications of multidose vaccine series noncompletion, including current challenges to ensuring children receive all recommended vaccinations. We then highlight actionable steps toward achieving early childhood immunization goals. Recent findings Although coverage levels are high for most early childhood vaccinations, rates of completion are lower for vaccinations that require multiple doses. Recent research has shown that lower family socioeconomic status, a lack of health insurance coverage, having multiple children in the household, and moving across state lines are associated with children failing to complete multidose vaccine series. These findings provide contextual evidence to support that practical challenges to accessing immunization servi ces are impediments to completion of multidose series. Strategies, including reminder/recall, use of centralized immunization information systems, and clinician prompts, have been shown to increase immunization rates. Re-investing in these effective interventions and modernizing the public health infrastructure can facilitate multidose vaccine series completion. Summary Completion of multidose vaccine series is a challenge for immunization service delivery. Increased efforts are needed to address remaining barriers and improve vaccination coverage in the United States.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStrong, Nora; Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Fusarium species are an increasingly important cause of meningitis and invasive disease in immunocompromised patients as well as in otherwise healthy patients as observed in two recent healthcare-associated outbreaks. This review summarizes recently published information on treatment and diagnosis of this infection. Recent findings Incidence of Fusarium species meningitis and invasive fusariosis are increasing. Molecular techniques are improving the speed of diagnosis. New antifungal agents in development show good in vitro activity against some Fusarium species. New technologies, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filtration, may play a role in treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Due to the continued prime importance of the host immune system in recovery, immunomodulatory treatments may play a role in treatment. Summary The overall incidence of CNS fusariosis is increasing with a continued poor prognosis, but new diagnostic and treatment modalities are in development which may offer improvements.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMorado-Aramburo, Oscar; Hasbun, Rodrigo
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Central nervous system (CNS) infections in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may present atypical or nonspecific symptoms. Due to a wider range of infectious agents compared with immunocompetent hosts, diagnosis is challenging. This review categorizes CNS infections in SOT recipients by cause. Recent findings New studies have reported new data on the epidemiology and the risk factors associated with each specific pathogen described in this review. Additionally, we included the treatment recommendations. Summary The latest findings give us an insight into the different pathogens causing infectious neurologic complications in SOT recipients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedT, Angel Miraclin; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Rupali, Priscilla
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Recent findings In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics. Summary A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOmland, Lars Haukali; Nielsen, Henrik; Bodilsen, Jacob
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review The epidemiology of brain abscess has changed in recent decades. Moreover, acute and long-term management remains challenging with high risks of mortality and neurological sequelae. This review describes recent advances in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of brain abscess. Recent findings The incidence of brain abscess is increasing, especially among elderly individuals. Important predisposing conditions include dental and ear-nose-throat infections, immuno-compromise, and previous neurosurgery. Molecular-based diagnostics have improved our understanding of the involved microorganisms and oral cavity bacteria including anaerobes are the predominant pathogens. The diagnosis relies upon a combination of magnetic resonance imaging, neurosurgical aspiration or excision, and careful microbiological examinations. Local source control by aspiration or excision of brain abscess combined with long-term antimicrobials are cornerstones of treatment. Long-term management remains important and should address neurological deficits including epilepsy, timely diagnosis and management of comorbidities, and potential affective disorders. Summary A multidisciplinary approach to acute and long-term management of brain abscess remains crucial and source control of brain abscess by neurosurgery should be pursued whenever possible. Numerous aspects regarding diagnosis and treatment need clarification. Nonetheless, our understanding of this complicated infection is rapidly evolving.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMacKay, Conor I.; Kuthubutheen, Jafri; Campbell, Anita J.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review With cochlear implantation becoming increasingly performed worldwide, an understanding of the risk factors, preventive measures, and management of cochlear implant (CI) infection remains important given the significant morbidity and cost it conveys. Recent findings At the turn of the 21st century there was a decrease in rates of CI infection, particularly meningitis, following the discontinuation of positioner use for CI. However, in more recent years rates of CI infection have remained largely static. Recently, studies evaluating preventive measures such as pneumococcal vaccination, S. aureus decolonization and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis have emerged in the literature. Summary Prompt recognition of CI infection and appropriate investigation and management are key, however at present treatment is largely informed by cohort and case-control studies and expert opinion. Preventive measures including pneumococcal vaccination, S. aureus decolonization and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis play a role in reducing rates of CI infection. However, there remains a need for well designed clinical trials to provide higher level evidence to better guide preventive measures for, and management decisions of, CI infections in the future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaura Butragueño-LaisecaIñaki F. TroconizSantiago GrauNuria CampilloBelén PadillaSarah Nicole FernándezMaría SlöckerLaura HerreraMaría José Santiago1Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain2Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute (IISGM), Madrid, Spain3Pediatrics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain4Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Maternal and Child Chronic Diseases of Perinatal and Development Origin Network (RICORS) RD21/0012/0011, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain5Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain6IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain7Pharmacy Department, Hospital del Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain8Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain, Andreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Barbara A. Brown-ElliottGeorgie BushM. Dolores HughesEliana RodriguezChase A. WeikelSharon B. MinRichard J. Wallace1The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Mycobacteria/Nocardia Laboratory, The University of Texas at Tyler School of Medicine, Tyler, Texas, USA2Department of Infectious Diseases, GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA, Jared A. Silverman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
A high index of suspicion, comprehensive travel and epidemiologic history, and clinical evaluation are essential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Supportive treatment remains the standard of care; scarce evidence supports off-label use of ribavirin and favipiravir for human benefit.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Research Letter - Sporotrichosis Cluster in Domestic Cats and Veterinary Technician, Kansas, USA, 2022
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Research - COVID-19 Vaccination Site Accessibility, United States, December 11, 2020-March 29, 2022
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed