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BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection is a significant public health concern worldwide. TB delay, consisting of patient delay, diagnostic delay, treatment delay, increases the risk of adverse anti-TB treatment (ATT) outcomes. Except for individual level variables, differences in regional levels have been shown to impact the ATT outcomes. However, few studies appropriately considered possible individual and regional level confounding variables. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of TB delay on treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan Prefecture) of China, using a causal inference framework while taking into account individual and regional level factors. Methods We conducted a study to analyze data from 2068 patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2022. To address potential confounding bias, we used a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) to select appropriate confounding variables. Further, we controlled for these confounders through multilevel propensity score and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Results The successful rate of ATT for patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture was 91.2%. Total delay (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.015, 1.962), diagnostic delay (OR = 1.778, 95% CI: 1.261, 2.508), treatment delay (OR = 1.749, 95% CI: 1.146, 2.668) and health system delay (OR = 1.480 95% CI: (1.035, 2.118) were identified as risk factors for successful ATT outcome. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings. Conclusions HIV-TB co-infection prevention and control policy in Liangshan Prefecture should prioritize early treatment for diagnosed HIV-TB co-infected patients. It is urgent to improve the health system in Liangshan Prefecture to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Considering the significance of increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its adverse effects on individual and social health and the important and effective role that veterinarians play in controlling this growing issue worldwide, it is essential to have effective preventive control programs. To this aim, the first step is to identify the factors behind the prevalence of AMR in Iran and the barriers veterinarians face to controlling this problem. Thus, the present study was conducted to explain the barriers veterinarians faced in the prevention of AMR from an Iranian veterinarian’s perspective. Methods The present research was done in three cities in Iran in 2021. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 veterinarians selected through purposive and snowball sampling and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Results The data analysis results were classified into 4 main categories and 44 subcategories. The former included: educational factors, administrative/legal factors, client-related factors, and veterinarian-related factors. Conclusions The increased AMR can be approached from multiple aspects. Considering the different factors that affect the increased AMR, it is necessary to consider them all through effective planning and policy-making at multi-level and multidisciplinary dimensions. There is special attention needed to scientific and practical interventions at the individual, interpersonal, social, and even political levels. At the same time, measures should be taken to rehabilitate and maintain the health of society to strengthen supervision and attract the full participation of interested organizations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTony Kirby
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In the summer of 2019, Claire (name changed for confidentiality) began to feel unwell. “I felt exhausted all the time”, she explains. “But when I went to my family doctor on two different occasions, I was told fatigue was a complex issue and not given any diagnosis.”
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicholas Heming, Alain Renault, Emmanuelle Kuperminc, Christian Brun-Buisson, Bruno Megarbane, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Shidasp Siami, Alain Cariou, Xavier Forceville, Carole Schwebel, Marc Leone, Jean-Francois Timsit, Benoît Misset, Mohamed Ali Benali, Gwenhael Colin, Bertrand Souweine, Karim Asehnoune, Emmanuelle Mercier, Loïc Chimot, Claire Charpentier, Bruno François, Thierry Boulain, Frank Petitpas, Jean Michel Constantin, Gilles Dhonneur, François Baudin, Alain Combes, Julien Bohé, Jean-François Loriferne, Fabrice Cook, Michel Slama, Olivier Leroy, Gilles Capellier, Auguste Dargent, Tarik Hissem, Rania Bounab, Virginie Maxime, Pierre Moine, Eric Bellissant, Djillali Annane, APROCCHSS investigators, CRICS-TRIGGERSEP network
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In a pre-specified subgroup analysis of the APROCCHSS trial of patients with CAP and septic shock, hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone reduced mortality as compared with placebo. Although a large proportion of patients with CAP also met criteria for ARDS, the subgroup analysis was underpowered to fully discriminate between ARDS and CAP modifying effects on mortality reduction with corticosteroids. There was no evidence of a significant treatment effect of corticosteroids in the non-CAP subgroup.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClaire Dahyot-Fizelier, Sigismond Lasocki, Thomas Kerforne, Pierre-Francois Perrigault, Thomas Geeraerts, Karim Asehnoune, Raphaël Cinotti, Yoann Launey, Vincent Cottenceau, Marc Laffon, Thomas Gaillard, Matthieu Boisson, Camille Aleyrat, Denis Frasca, Olivier Mimoz, PROPHY-VAP Study Group and the ATLANREA Study Group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In patients with acute brain injury, a single ceftriaxone dose decreased the risk of early VAP. On the basis of our findings, we recommend that an early, single dose of ceftriaxone be included in all bundles for the prevention of VAP in patients with brain injury who require mechanical ventilation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYin Mo, Suchart Booraphun, Andrew Yunkai Li, Pornanan Domthong, Gyan Kayastha, Yie Hui Lau, Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Ben S Cooper, REGARD-VAP investigators
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In this study of adults with VAP, individualised shortened antibiotic duration guided by clinical response was non-inferior to longer treatment durations in terms of 60-day mortality and pneumonia recurrence, and associated with substantially reduced antibiotic use and side-effects. Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment for VAP could help to reduce the burden of side-effects and the risk of antibiotic resistance in high-resource and resource-limited settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSharana Mahomed1Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Yujie HouGuohua DengPengfei CuiXianying ZengBin LiDongxue WangXinwen HeCheng YanYaping ZhangJiongjie LiJinming MaYanbing LiXiurong WangGuobin TianHuihui KongLijie TangYasuo SuzukiJianzhong ShiHualan Chena State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinac Institute of Western Agriculture, CAAS, Changji, People's Republic of Chinad Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japane National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Jae-Deog KimAh-Ra LeeDah-Hyun MoonYoung-Uk ChungSu-Yeon HongHyo Je ChoTae Hyun KangYo Han JangMyung Hyun SohnBaik-Lin SeongSang-Uk Seoa Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Koreab Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Koreac The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Koread Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Koreae Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Koreaf Department of Vaccine Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Koreag Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Koreah Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Koreai Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Infectious Disease Modelling, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 30 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Xingxing Zhang, Liuyang Yang, Teng Chen, Qing Wang, Jin Yang, Ting Zhang, Jiao Yang, Hongqing Zhao, Shengjie Lai, Luzhao Feng, Weizhong Yang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhuntila Tharabenjasin, Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit, Jenjira Sontikun, Kanokphorn Timpratueang, Suhaibee Kuno, Thitinan Aiebchun, Nathjanan Jongkon, Rungrawee Mongkolrob, Noel Pabalan, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Chatchai Muanprasat
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Phuntila Tharabenjasin, Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit, Jenjira Sontikun, Kanokphorn Timpratueang, Suhaibee Kuno, Thitinan Aiebchun, Nathjanan Jongkon, Rungrawee Mongkolrob, Noel Pabalan, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Chatchai Muanprasat Allergic inflammation, which is the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and asthma, is associated with disruption of the airway epithelial barrier due to the effects of type 2 inflammatory cytokines, i.e. interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 (IL-4/13). The anti-allergic inflammatory effect of β-eudesmol (BE) on the tight junction (TJ) of the airway epithelium has not previously been reported. Herein, the barrier protective effect of BE was determined by measurement of transepithelial electrical resistance and by paracellular permeability assay in an IL-4/13-treated 16HBE14o- monolayer. Pre-treatment of BE concentration- and time- dependently inhibited IL-4/13-induced TJ barrier disruption, with the most significant effect observed at 20 μM. Cytotoxicity analyses showed that BE, either alone or in combination with IL-4/13, had no effect on cell viability. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that BE inhibited IL-4/13-induced mislocalization of TJ components, including occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), without affecting the expression of these two proteins. In addition, the mechanism of the TJ-protective effect of BE was mediated by inhibition of IL-4/13-induced STAT6 phosphorylation, in which BE might serve as an antagonist of cytokine receptors. In silico molecular docking analysis demonstrated that BE potentially interacted with the site I pocket of the type 2 IL-4 receptor, likely at Asn-126 and Tyr-127 amino acid residues. It can therefore be concluded that BE is able to prevent IL-4/13-induced TJ disassembly by interfering with cytokine-receptor interaction, leading to suppression of STAT6-induced mislocalization of occludin and ZO-1. BE is a promising candidate for a therapeutic intervention for inflammatory airway epithelial disorders driven by IL-4/13.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStefanie Weigold, Susanne Gabriele Schorr, Alice Faust, Lena Woydack, Daniel Strech
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Stefanie Weigold, Susanne Gabriele Schorr, Alice Faust, Lena Woydack, Daniel Strech Background Very little is known about the practice-oriented challenges and potential response strategies for effective and efficient translation of informed consent and study prioritization in times of a pandemic. This stakeholder interview study aimed to identify the full spectrum of challenges and potential response strategies for informed consent and study prioritization in a pandemic setting. Methods We performed semi-structured interviews with German stakeholders involved in clinical research during the COVID-19 pandemic. We continued sampling and thematic text analysis of interview transcripts until thematic saturation of challenges and potential response strategies was reached. Results We conducted 21 interviews with investigators, oversight bodies, funders and research support units. For the first topic informed consent we identified three main themes: consent challenges, impact of consent challenges on clinical research, and potential strategies for consent challenges. For the second topic prioritization of clinical studies, we identified two main themes: perceived benefit of prioritization and potential strategies for prioritization. All main themes are further specified with subthemes. A supplementary table provides original quotes from the interviews for all subthemes. Discussion Potential response strategies for challenges with informed consent and study prioritization partly share common ground. High quality procedures for study prioritization, for example, seem to be a core response strategy in dealing with informed consent challenges. Especially in a research environment with particularly high uncertainty regarding potential treatment effects and further limitations for valid informed consent should the selection of clinical trials be very well justified from a scientific, medical, and ethics viewpoint.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRahmat Dapari, Kalaivani Muniandy, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman, Suhaili Abu Bakar, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa, Lim Chee Hwa, Sukhvinder Singh Sandhu, Nooreen Farzana Mustapha, Norazman Mohd Rosli, Mohd ‘Ammar Ihsan Ahmad Zamzuri, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Nazri Che Dom, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim, Balvinder Singh Gill, Nurulhusna Ab Hamid
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Rahmat Dapari, Kalaivani Muniandy, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman, Suhaili Abu Bakar, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa, Lim Chee Hwa, Sukhvinder Singh Sandhu, Nooreen Farzana Mustapha, Norazman Mohd Rosli, Mohd ‘Ammar Ihsan Ahmad Zamzuri, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Nazri Che Dom, Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim, Balvinder Singh Gill, Nurulhusna Ab Hamid Background Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease caused by four distinct, closely related dengue viruses (DENV). Global dengue incidence has markedly increased in the past decades. The World Health Organization reported that cases increased from 505,430 in 2000 to 5.2 million in 2019. Similarly, the total dengue cases in Malaysia increased from 7,103 in 2000 to a peak of 130,101 in 2019. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) remain the most effective dengue prevention and control tools. Furthermore, school-based health education is key to enhancing knowledge and raising awareness of the seriousness of dengue among schoolchildren and transferring knowledge and practice from classrooms to homes. Thus, it is necessary to plan an integrated module for the primary prevention of dengue infection, specifically among schoolchildren. Aims The present study intends to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based integrated dengue education and learning (iDEAL) module in improving the KAP, environmental cleanliness index, and dengue index among schoolchildren in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Methods This study is a single-blinded, cluster randomised controlled trial to be conducted from 1 September 2023 to 31 August 2025. The study will involve 20 primary and 20 secondary schools in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. The 1600 participants will be randomly allocated to intervention and control groups based on selected clusters to avoid contamination. A cluster is a comparable school that fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intervention group will receive the iDEAL module, while the control group will receive standard education. The iDEAL module will be developed following a systematic procedure and delivered in-person by trained researchers to the participants. The outcome will be measured using validated, self-administered questionnaires at baseline (T0), immediately (T1), one month (T2), and three months (T3) post-intervention to measure the intervention module effectiveness. The data will be analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 28 and descriptive and inferential statistics. Within-group changes over time will be compared using one-way repeated measure analysis of variance for continuous and normally distributed variables. Within-group analysis of categorical data will use Cochran’s Q test. The main effect and interaction between and within the intervention and control groups at T0, T1, T2, and T3 will be tested using the generalised linear mixed model (GLMM). Hypothetically, the KAP, environmental cleanliness index, and dengue index among the intervention group will be significantly improved compared to the control group. The hypothesis will be tested using a significance level with a p-value of 0.05 and a confidence interval of 95%. Conclusions The study protocol outlines developing and testing an iDEAL module for schoolchildren in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur, with no socio-demographic differences expected. The intervention aims to improve KAP, environmental cleanliness index, and dengue index, potentially reducing dengue risk. Results could inform public health policies, emphasizing school-based interventions’ importance in combating diseases like dengue.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElhadi H. Aburawi, Linda Östlundh, Hanan E. Aburawi, Rami H. Al Rifai, Akshaya Bhagavathula, Abdelouahab Bellou
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Elhadi H. Aburawi, Linda Östlundh, Hanan E. Aburawi, Rami H. Al Rifai, Akshaya Bhagavathula, Abdelouahab Bellou Background Conotruncal congenital heart defects (CTD) are a subset of congenital heart diseases (CHD) that involve structural anomalies of the right, left, or both cardiac outflow tracts. CHD is caused by multifactorial inheritance and changes in the genes or chromosomes. Recently, CHD was found to be due to epigenetic alterations, which are a combination of genetic and other environmental factors. Epigenetics is the study of how a gene’s function changes as a result of environmental and behavioral influences. These causative factors can indirectly cause CHD by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications. This is a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis that aims to explore whether the strength of association between various epigenetic changes and CTD types varies by race. Furthermore, to determine and compare the changes in gene expression of each mutation. Methods Our protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) guidelines. A comprehensive pre-search has been developed in PubMed and PubMed’s Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The final search will be performed in June 2023 in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CIANHL, and PsycInfo, without restrictions on publication years. The Covidence systematic review software will be used for blinded screening and selection. Conflicts will be resolved by a third, independent reviewer. The risk of bias in selected studies will be assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. The data to be extracted will cover basic information on the included studies, study sample size, number of patients with various types of epigenetic changes, number of patients with various CTD types, measures of association and their 95% confidence interval between each epigenetic change and each CTD. The protocol has been registered with the International Prospero Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) [CRD42023377597]. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this protocol outlines the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the epigenetics of CTD. There is a growing body of evidence on epigenetics and its indirect involvement in disease by altering the DNA through epigenetic modifications in the genes associated with the causative factors for CHD. We will conduct a comprehensive and systematic search for literature in the above-mentioned seven core biomedical databases. It is very important to identify population-specific risk factors for CHD, which will have significant creative, custom-made, and effective prevention programs for the future generation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQian Sun, Sohail Ahmad Javeed, Yong Tang, Yan Feng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Qian Sun, Sohail Ahmad Javeed, Yong Tang, Yan Feng With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the real estate industry, characterized by a long industrial chain, has become a pillar industry for economic development. Therefore, we inspect the nexus between land finance, housing prices, and economic growth. For this purpose, we use the panel data of 277 cities at the prefecture level or above in China from 2011 to 2019, and empirically examine it by using the Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) model. The results show that there is a causal relationship between housing prices and economic growth. Housing prices promote economic growth in the short term and inhibit it in the long term. Both economic growth and housing prices have a significant impact on land finance. The economic growth show a significantly positive impact, while housing prices promote land finance in the short term with a long-term trend from positive to negative. This is the first study that tries to probe the relationship between urban housing prices, land finance, and economic growth by considering 277 prefecture-level and above cities in China. To promote the stable development of the regional economy, local governments need to overcome their dependence on the housing market and land finance and promote the healthy development of the housing market.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedObed Duah Kwaku Asumadu, Michael Boah, Dennis Chirawurah, Joyce Aputere Ndago, Vida Nyagre Yakong, David Abatanie Kanligi, Martin Nyaaba Adokiya
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Obed Duah Kwaku Asumadu, Michael Boah, Dennis Chirawurah, Joyce Aputere Ndago, Vida Nyagre Yakong, David Abatanie Kanligi, Martin Nyaaba Adokiya Background The COVID-19 pandemic affected expectant mothers seeking maternal health services in most developing countries. Access and utilization of maternal health services including antenatal care (ANC) attendance and skilled delivery declined drastically resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study assessed pregnancy outcomes before and during COVID-19 pandemic in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Methods/Design A retrospective cohort study design was employed. A random sampling technique was used to select 450 women who delivered before or during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. The respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaire at their homes. In this study, the data collected were socio-demographics characteristics, ANC attendance, before or during pandemic delivery, place of delivery and birth outcomes. Chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression analyses were performed under significant level of 0.05 to determine factors associated with the outcome variables. Result Of the 450 respondents, 51.8% were between 26 and 30 years of age. More than half (52.2%) of the respondents had no formal education and 93.3% were married. The majority (60.4%) of the respondents described their residence as urban setting. About 31.6% of the women delivered before the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced place of delivery. The proportion of women who attended at least one ANC visit (84.5% before vs 70.5% during), and delivered at a hospital (76.8% before vs 72.4% during) were higher before the pandemic. More women were likely to deliver at home during COVID-19 (OR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.52–3.74, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedI. M. Brus, A. S. J. Teng, S. C. M. Heemskerk, S. Polinder, P. Tieleman, E. Hartman, B. Dollekens, J. A. Haagsma, I. Spronk
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by I. M. Brus, A. S. J. Teng, S. C. M. Heemskerk, S. Polinder, P. Tieleman, E. Hartman, B. Dollekens, J. A. Haagsma, I. Spronk Objective To determine work participation, social roles, and empowerment of QFS patients ≥10-year after infection. Methods QFS patients ≥10-year after acute infection, who were of working age, participated in a cross-sectional survey study. Work participation, fulfilment of social roles, and empowerment outcomes were studied for the total population, as well as for subgroups based on employment type and current work status. Associations between empowerment, work and social roles were examined. Results 291 participants were included. Of the 250 participants who had paid work before Q-fever, 80.4% stopped working or worked less hours due to QFS. For each social role, more than half of the participants (56.6–87.8%) spent less time on the role compared to before Q-fever. The median empowerment score was 41.0 (IQR: 37.0–44.0) out of 60. A higher empowerment score was significantly associated with lower odds of performing all social roles less due to QFS (OR = 0.871–0.933; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicole Redvers, Sarah Larson, Olivia Rajpathy, Devon Olson
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Nicole Redvers, Sarah Larson, Olivia Rajpathy, Devon Olson Background Significant health disparities exist among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), yet AI/ANs are substantially underrepresented within health-related research, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although research has previously charted representation inequities, there is however a gap in the literature documenting best practice for recruitment techniques of AI/ANs into RCTs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to systematically gather and analyze the published literature to identify common strategies for AI/AN participant recruitment for RCTs in the US. Methods A scoping review methodology was engaged with a systematic search operationalized within relevant databases to February 19, 2022, with an additional updated search being carried out up until January 1, 2023: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. A two-stage article review process was engaged with double reviewers using Covidence review software. Content analysis was then carried out within the included articles by two reviewers using NVivo software to identify common categories within the data on the topic area. Results Our review identified forty-one relevant articles with the main categories of recruitment strategies being: 1) recruitment methods for AI/ANs into RCTs (passive advertising recruitment approaches, individual-level recruitment approaches, relational methods of recruitment); 2) recruitment personnel used within RCTs; and, 3) relevant recruitment setting. The majority of the included studies used a culturally relevant intervention, as well as a community-involved approach to operationalizing the research. Conclusion Increasing AI/AN representation in RCTs is essential for generating evidence-based interventions that effectively address health disparities and improve health outcomes. Researchers and funding agencies should prioritize the engagement, inclusion, and leadership of AI/AN communities throughout the RCT research process. This includes early community involvement in study design, implementation of culturally tailored recruitment strategies, and dissemination of research findings in formats accessible to AI/AN communities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTakayuki Yamaji, Takahiro Harada, Yu Hashimoto, Yukiko Nakano, Masato Kajikawa, Kenichi Yoshimura, Chikara Goto, Yiming Han, Aya Mizobuchi, Farina Mohamad Yusoff, Shinji Kishimoto, Tatsuya Maruhashi, Ayumu Nakashima, Yukihito Higashi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Takayuki Yamaji, Takahiro Harada, Yu Hashimoto, Yukiko Nakano, Masato Kajikawa, Kenichi Yoshimura, Chikara Goto, Yiming Han, Aya Mizobuchi, Farina Mohamad Yusoff, Shinji Kishimoto, Tatsuya Maruhashi, Ayumu Nakashima, Yukihito Higashi The effects of Covid-19 vaccines on vascular function are still controversial. We evaluated the effects of BNT162b2 vaccine (BioNTech and Pfizer) on endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and vascular smooth muscle function assessed by nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID). This study was a prospective observational study. A total of 23 medical staff at Hiroshima University Hospital were enrolled in this study. FMD and NID were measured before vaccination and two weeks and six months after the 2nd dose of vaccination. FMD was significantly smaller two weeks after the 2nd dose of vaccination than before vaccination (6.5±2.4% and 8.2±2.6%, p = 0.03). FMD was significantly larger at six months than at two weeks after the 2nd dose of vaccination (8.2±3.0% and 6.5±2.4%, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference between FMD before vaccination and that at six months after the 2nd dose of vaccination (8.2±2.6% to 8.2±3.0%, p = 0.96). NID values were similar before vaccination and at two weeks, and six months after vaccination (p = 0.89). The BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine temporally impaired endothelial function but not vascular smooth muscle function, and the impaired endothelial function returned to the baseline level within six months after vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaojing Shen, Xiaolin Zhu, Hairong Liu, Rongtao Yuan, Qingyuan Guo, Peng Zhao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Xiaojing Shen, Xiaolin Zhu, Hairong Liu, Rongtao Yuan, Qingyuan Guo, Peng Zhao Growing evidence has increasingly suggested a potential linkage between the oral microbiome and various diseases, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the utilization of gene-level information derived from the oral microbiome for diagnosing PDAC remains unexplored. In this study, we sought to investigate the novel potential of leveraging genomic signatures associated with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within the oral microbiome for the diagnosis of PDAC. By conducting an analysis of oral microbiome samples obtained from PDAC patients, we successfully identified specific ARGs that displayed distinct sequence abundance profiles correlated with the presence of PDAC. In the healthy group, three ARGs were found to be enriched, whereas 21 ARGs were enriched in PDAC patients. Remarkably, these ARGs from oral microbiome exhibited promising diagnostic capabilities for PDAC (AUROC = 0.79), providing a non-invasive and early detection method. Our findings not only provide novel modal data for diagnosing PDAC but also shed light on the intricate interplay between the oral microbiome and PDAC.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPramitha Esha Nirmala Dewi, Montaya Sunantiwat, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, Sitaporn Youngkong, Surakit Nathisuwan, Bangunawati Rahajeng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Pramitha Esha Nirmala Dewi, Montaya Sunantiwat, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, Sitaporn Youngkong, Surakit Nathisuwan, Bangunawati Rahajeng Delay in treatment seeking is recognized as a major contributor for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) mortality in Indonesia. Despite the significance of timely treatment, decline in admission and delay in presentation of patients with ACS were consistently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. These suggested that treatment seeking performance of patients during the pandemic might be different from the previous period. This qualitative study aimed to explore treatment seeking behaviour, barriers in seeking medical treatment, and experiences of patients with ACS in Yogyakarta, Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic. In depth-interviews were carried out with 30 patients, who were hospitalized with ACS at one of the three selected hospitals in Yogyakarta during the pandemic period. Thematic analysis was performed to create vital explanations for treatment seeking practices of patients with ACS during pandemic. Three significant themes were identified: treatment seeking decisions, barriers in seeking medical treatment during COVID-19, and experiencing both good and bad impression from entering and staying in the hospital. The intensity of ACS symptoms and fear of COVID-19 infection dominated the delay in seeking medical treatment. Strict safety measures, religious belief, and fear of ACS helped patients overcome barriers and seek medical treatment during pandemic. ACS patients also had convenient medical care during the pandemic and believed medical staff would provide excellent care to them. However, visit restriction policy could cause psychological discomfort. Increase awareness of ACS symptoms and the risk of delays ACS treatment are essential to support patients’ decisions to seek medical helps in a timely manner at any situations including pandemic. Interventions aim at alleviating psychological distress should also be designed and implemented to improve treatment experiences of ACS patients, who sought medical treatment during the pandemic crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMengistu Yilma, Girma Taye, Workeabeba Abebe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Mengistu Yilma, Girma Taye, Workeabeba Abebe Background Standard precautions are the minimum standard of infection control to prevent transmission of infectious agents, protect healthcare workers, patients, and visitors regardless of infection status. The consistent implementation of standard precautions is highly effective in reducing transmission of pathogens that cause HAIs. Despite their effectiveness, compliance, resources, patient behavior, and time constraints are some of the challenges that can arise when implementing standard precautions. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to show the pooled prevalence of safe standard precaution practices among healthcare workers in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for this study. We systematically searched observational study articles from PubMed Central and Google Scholar. We included articles published any year and involving healthcare workers. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias (funnel plot, and Egger’s tests) were conducted. Results A total of 46 articles were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was 53%, with a 95% CI of (47, 59). These studies had a total sample size of 14061 with a minimum sample size of 17 and a maximum sample size of 2086. The majority of the studies (82.6%) were conducted in hospitals only (all kinds), and the remaining 17.4% were conducted in all health facilities, including hospitals. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was suboptimal. The findings of this study can have substantial implication for healthcare practice and policy making by providing robust evidence with synthesized and pooled evidence from multiple studies. Trial registration Registered on PROSPERO with record ID: CRD42023395129, on the 9th Feb. 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRea Lumi, Susanne Petri, Justyna Siwy, Agnieszka Latosinska, Julia Raad, Petra Zürbig, Thomas Skripuletz, Harald Mischak, Joachim Beige
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Rea Lumi, Susanne Petri, Justyna Siwy, Agnieszka Latosinska, Julia Raad, Petra Zürbig, Thomas Skripuletz, Harald Mischak, Joachim Beige Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal protein aggregation in the motor neurons. Present and earlier proteomic studies to characterize peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with motoneuron pathology did not target low molecular weight proteins and peptides. We hypothesized that specific changes in CSF peptides or low molecular weight proteins are significantly altered in ALS, and that these changes may support deciphering molecular pathophysiology and even guide approaches towards therapeutic interventions. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 50 ALS patients and 50 non-ALS controls was collected, centrifuged immediately after collection, aliquoted into polypropylene test tubes, frozen within 30–40 min after the puncture, and stored at −80°C until use. Peptides were sequenced using capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS). Findings In the CSF of 50 patients and 50 non-ALS controls 33 peptides were found, of which 14 could be sequenced using a non-lytic single-pot proteomic detection method, CE/MS. ALS deregulated peptides vs. controls included Integral membrane protein 2B, Neurosecretory protein VGF, Osteopontin, Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 (Secretogranin-V), EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, Xylosyltransferase 1 XT-1, Chromogranin-A, Superoxide dismutase SOD-1, Secretogranin-1 (Chromogranin B), NR2F2 Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 2 and Collagen alpha-1(VII) chain. Interpretation Most striking deregulations in CSF from ALS patients were found in VGF, Osteopontin, SOD-1 and EFEMP1 peptides. No associations of disease severity, duration and region of onset with sequenced peptides were found.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Background Malaria treatment in sub-Saharan Africa is faced with challenges including unreliable supply of efficacious agents, substandard medicines coupled with high price of artemisinin-based combinations. This affects access to effective treatment increasing risk of malaria parasite resistance development and adverse drug events. This study investigated access to quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapy (QAACT) medicines among clients of selected private drug-outlets in Uganda. Methods This was a cross sectional study where exit interviews were conducted among clients of private drug outlets in low and high malaria transmission settings in Uganda. This study adapted the World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) standardized criteria. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire. Data entry screen with checks was created in Epi-data ver 4.2 software and data entered in duplicate. Data was transferred to STATA ver 14.0 and cleaned prior to analysis. The analysis was done at 95% level of significance. Results A total of 1114 exit interviews were conducted among systematically sampled drug outlet clients. Over half, 54.9% (611/1114) of the participants were males. Majority, 97.2% (1083/1114) purchased an artemisinin-based combination anti-malarial. Most, 55.5% (618/1114) of the participants had a laboratory diagnosis of malaria. Majority, 77.9% (868/1114) of the participants obtained anti-malarial agents without a prescription. Less than a third, 27.7% (309/1114) of the participants obtained a QAACT. Of the participants who obtained QAACT, more than half 56.9% (173/309) reported finding the medicine expensive. The predictors of accessing a QAACT anti-malarial among drug outlet clients include type of drug outlet visited (aPR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.6, 0.91), not obtaining full dose (3-day treatment) of ACT (aPR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.33, 0.73), not finding the ACT expensive (aPR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.03, 1.49), post-primary education (aPR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.07,1.56), business occupation (aPR = 1.24; 95%CI 1.02,1.50) and not having a prescription (aPR = 0.76; 95%CI 0.63, 0.92). Conclusion Less than a third of the private drug outlet clients obtained a QAACT for management of malaria symptoms. Individuals who did not find artemisinin-based combinations to be expensive were more likely to obtain a QAACT anti-malarial. The Ministry of Health needs to conduct regular surveillance to monitor accessibility of QAACT anti-malarial agents under the current private sector copayment mechanism.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Background The decreasing residual efficacy of insecticides is an important factor when making decisions on insecticide choice for national malaria control programmes. The major challenge to using chemicals for vector control is the selection for the development of insecticide resistance. Since insecticide resistance has been recorded for most of the existing insecticides used for indoor residual spraying, namely, DDT, pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates, and new chemicals are necessary for the continued success of indoor residual spraying. The aim of this study was to assess the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield™ 50WG and Fludora®Fusion by spraying on different wall surfaces. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight houses with different wall surface types (mud, cement, painted cement, and tin) which represented the rural house wall surface types in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were used to evaluate the residual efficacy of Actellic 300CS, SumiShield 50WG and Fludora®Fusion with DDT as the positive control. All houses were sprayed by experienced spray operators from the Malaria Control Programme. Efficacy of these insecticides were evaluated by contact bioassays against Anopheles arabiensis, a vector species. The residual efficacy of the insecticide formulations was evaluated against a susceptible insectary-reared population of An. arabiensis using WHO cone bioassays. Results Effectiveness of the three insecticides was observed up to 12 months post-spray. When assessing the achievement of 100% mortality over time, SumiShield performed significantly better than DDT on mud (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.72–3.04) and painted cement wall types (OR 3.52, 95% CI 2.36–5.26). On cement wall types, Actellic was found to be less effective than DDT (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.37–0.82) while Fludora®Fusion was less effective on tin wall types (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.95). When compared to the combined efficacy of DDT on mud surfaces, SumiShield applied to each of the mud, cement and painted cement wall types and DDT applied to the cement wall types was found to be significantly more effective. These insecticides usually resulted in 100% mortality for up to 12 months with a delayed mortality period of 96–144 h, depending on the insecticide evaluated and the surface type sprayed. Conclusion Field evaluation of these insecticides have shown that Actellic, SumiShield and Fludora®Fusion are suitable replacements for DDT. Each of these insecticides can be used for malaria vector control, requiring just one spray round. These insecticides can be used in rotation or as mosaic spraying.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Introduction Introduction: Malaria continues to be the leading cause of hospitalization and death in Angola, a country in sub- Saharan Africa. In 2023, in the first quarter, 2,744,682 cases were registered, and of these 2,673 patients died due to malaria disease. Previous studies have shown that the ABO blood group can affect the progression of malaria to severe conditions after P. falciparum infection, while the sickle cell gene offers relative protection. Objective We investigated changes in the blood count according to blood groups (ABO/Rh) and sickle cell trait in patients with malaria in Luanda, capital of Angola. Methodology This was a longitudinal, prospective and observational study with 198 patients hospitalized for malaria. Results Of the 198 patients studied, 13(6.6%) were ABRh(+), 4(2.0%) were ARh(-), 49(24.7%) were ARh(+), 42(21, 2%) were BRh (+), 5(2.5%) were ORh(-) and 85(42.9%) were ORh(+). For sickle cell trait, 145(73.2%) were AA, 37(18.7%) were AS and 16(8.1%) were SS. No statistical relationship was observed between age group, sex, parasitemia, clinical picture, hematocrit, MCV, HCM, MCHC, leukocytes, NEUT, LINF and PTL values with blood groups (p0.05). There was no relationship between age, parasitemia, clinical condition, MCV, HCM and MCHC values, leukocytes, NEUT and LINF with sickle cell trait (p0.05). Conclusion It is imperative to differentiate patients with malaria based on blood groups and sickle cell trait, taking into account mainly the blood count parameters that demonstrate that there are patients who, depending on blood group or sickle cell trait, may react weakly to malaria infection regardless of the degree of parasitemia and medical prognosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGiulia Matusali, Valentina Mazzotta, Silvia Meschi, Francesca Colavita, Roberta Gagliardini, Aurora Bettini, Cesare Ernesto Maria Gruber, Alessandra Vergori, Paola Gallì, Daniele Focosi, Enrico Girardi, Andrea Antinori, Fabrizio Maggi
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Rongyuan Gao, Chenchen Feng, Zizhang Sheng, Feng Li, Dan Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Xing‐Yu Leng, Ling‐Zhai Zhao, Lu Liao, Kang‐Hong Jin, Jia‐Min Feng, Fu‐Chun Zhang
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Saini Chen, Zhimin Jiang, Qiuchen Li, Wenliang Pan, Yu Chen, Jinhua Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Fengge Wang, Yidan Gao, Abram L. Wagner, Yihan Lu
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Swapna Thomas, Maria K. Smatti, Haya Alsulaiti, Hadeel T. Zedan, Ali H. Eid, Ali A. Hssain, Laith J. Abu Raddad, Giusy Gentilcore, Allal Ouhtit, Asmaa A. Althani, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Jean‐Charles Grivel, Hadi M. Yassine
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Feng Shi, Li Shang, Min Zhou, Cong Lv, Yueshuo Li, Cheng Luo, Na Liu, Jingchen Lu, Min Tang, Xiangjian Luo, Jing Xu, Jia Fan, Jian Zhou, Qiang Gao, Weizhong Wu, Weihua Jia, Hailin Wang, Ya Cao
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Ashok Kumar, Ananya Chatterji, Vijay Kumar Sharma, Vikas Ambiya, Sushil Kumar, Kundan Tandel
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Vidmantas PetraitisRuta PetraitienePovilas KavaliauskasEthan NaingAndrew GarciaVilma ZigmantaiteRamune GrigaleviciuteAudrius KucinskasAlius PockeviciusRimantas StakauskasThomas J. Walsh1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA2The Biological Research Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania3Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania4Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Pathology Center, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania5Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, Virginia, USA, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Yongkang ChenXiaohong LiFengyang HanBeihong JiYuan LiJingjing YanMin WangJun FanShuye ZhangLu LuPeng Zou1Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China2Clinical Center for BioTherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Amir Ben-ShmuelItai GlinertAssa SittnerElad Bar-DavidJosef SchlomovitzHaim LevyShay Weiss1Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel, Helen Boucher
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Faris G. Bakri, Heyam H. Mukattash, Hiam Esmeiran, Glenna Schluck, Casey K. Storme, Erica Broach, Tsedal Mebrahtu, Mohammad Alhawarat, Anais Valencia-Ruiz, Oussama M'Hamdi, Jennifer A. Malia, Zebiba Hassen, Mah'd M.S. Shafei, Ala Y. Alkhatib, Mahmoud Gazo, Saied A. Jaradat, Yessenia Gomez, Samantha McGeehon, Melanie D. McCauley, Sarah C. Moreland, Janice M. Darden, Mihret Amare, Trevor A. Crowell, Sandhya Vasan, Nelson L. Michael, Julie A. Ake, Kayvon Modjarrad, Paul T. Scott, Sheila A. Peel, Shilpa Hakre, RV505 study group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Limited epidemiologic studies have been conducted in Jordan describing the HIV epidemic. This study aimed to address this gap to inform HIV prevention and control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNaira Dekhil, Helmi Mardassi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent TB drugs. This form of TB infection remains a major public health concern globally, which has been exacerbated by the HIV epidemic. The recent advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has further severely complicated the situation, by disrupting healthcare systems. Indeed, the burden of MDR-TB increased by 3% between 2020 and 2021, with 450 000 new cases of rifampicin-resistant TB in 2021, thus hampering the global TB control efforts [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngel N. Desai, Marion Koopmans, Ashley Otter, Martin P. Grobusch, Pikka Jokelainen, Barry Atkinson, Flavia Cunha, Sofia R. Valdoleiros, Veronica G. Preda, Francesco Maria Fusco, Chantal P. Rovers, Gilbert Greub, Antonino Di Caro, Lone Simonsen, Francine Ntoumi, Eskild Petersen
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Mpox, a zoonotic disease resulting from infection with monkeypox virus (MPXV), was previously considered endemic to central- and west Africa. However, an ongoing global outbreak of clade IIb (previously known as West African clade) MPXV associated with human-to-human transmission primarily through sexual contact has occurred since May 2022, with introduction of MPXV to regions and countries that had previously only reported sporadic imported cases [1], [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSung-Woon Kang, Jeongjae Lee, Seong Min Kim, Dahye Kang, Euijin Chang, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Han Kim
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
The interferon-gamma releasing assay (IGRA) has been widely used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, there are limited data on the association between performance in the IGRA and risk of tuberculosis disease (TBD), as well as on the appropriate IGRA threshold for initiating TBI treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlba Antequera, Agustina Dal Molin-Veglia, Jesús López-Alcalde, Noelia Álvarez-Díaz, Alfonso Muriel, José Muñoz
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
The risk of Trypanosoma cruzi reactivation is poorly understood. Previous studies evaluating the risk of reactivation report imprecise findings, and recommendations for monitoring and management from clinical guidelines rely on consensus opinion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHend AlqedariKhaled AltabtbaeiJosh L EspinozaSaadoun Bin-HasanMohammad AlghounaimAbdullah AlawadyAbdullah AltabtabaeSarah AlJamaanSriraman DevarajanTahreer AlShammariMohammed Ben EidMichele MatsuokaHyesun JangChristopher L DupontMarcelo Freire, Bruce Levine
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria underlines the need for innovative treatments, yet the introduction of new drugs has stagnated despite numerous antimicrobial discoveries. A major hurdle is a poor correlation between promising in vitro data and in vivo efficacy in animal models, which is essential for clinical development. Early in vivo testing is hindered by the expense and complexity of existing animal models. Therefore, there is a pressing need for cost-effective, rapid pre-clinical models with high translational value. To overcome these challenges, zebrafish embryos have emerged as an attractive model for infectious disease studies, offering advantages such as ethical alignment, rapid development, ease of maintenance, and genetic manipulability. The zebrafish embryo infection model, involving microinjection or immersion of pathogens and potential antibiotic hit compounds, provides a promising solution for early-stage drug screening. It offers a cost-effective and rapid means of assessing the efficacy, toxicity and mechanism of action of compounds in a whole-organism context. This review discusses the experimental design of this model, but also its benefits and challenges. Additionally, it highlights recently identified compounds in the zebrafish embryo infection model and discusses the relevance of the model in predicting the compound\'s clinical potential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Background Pre-transplant respiratory virus (RV) infections have been associated with negative transplant outcomes in adult hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. In the era of HCT delay due to high-risk RVs, we examined the impact of pre-transplant RV detection on transplant outcomes in a pediatric HCT recipients.Methods This retrospective cohort study included myeloablative allogeneic HCT recipients from 2010 to 2019. All patients were screened for RV at least once within 90 days before HCT using RT-PCR, regardless of symptoms. Post-transplant outcomes included days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) and progression to lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).Results Among 310 patients, 134 had a RV detected in the 90 days prior to HCT. In univariable analysis, transplant factors including younger age, total body irradiation, umbilical cord blood transplantation, lymphocyte count less than 100/mm3, and HCT comorbidity index score ≥3, and viral factors including symptomatic infection, human rhinovirus (HRV) as a virus type, and symptomatic pre-transplant upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) were associated with fewer DAOH. In multivariable analysis, transplant factors remained significant, but not viral factors. There was a higher incidence of progression to post-transplant LRTI with the same pre-transplant RV if the last positive PCR before HCT was ≤30 days compared to >30 days (p=0.007).Conclusion In the setting of recommending HCT delay for high-risk RVs, symptomatic URTI, including HRV infections, may lead to increased duration of hospitalization and early progression to LRTI when transplantation is performed within 30 days of the last positive PCR test.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Medical historians typically situate the origins of the antimicrobial era during the early germ period at the turn of the 20th century. They have regarded the development of chemical compounds designed to treat infectious diseases by killing their causative germ as the beginning of the antimicrobial era. Scholars, however, had been speculating about the causal relationship between germs and diseases for centuries beforehand. One of them also addressed the practical applications of this theory. The Italian physician Fracastoro proposed in 1546 that infectious diseases could be treated by administering substances to antagonize disease causing germs. He claimed that health could be restored to people who became ill with infections by nullifying the responsible germs at a time when investigators could not see germs or investigate their ability to cause disease. The long genealogy of antimicrobial therapy from its conception to its fruition took place over the span of several centuries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract In a multi-hospital cohort study of 3392 patients, positive urinalysis parameters had poor positive predictive value for diagnosing urinary tract infection (UTI). Combined urinalysis parameters (pyuria or nitrite) performed better than pyuria alone for ruling out UTI. However, performance of all urinalysis parameters was poor in older women.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract This study describes the largest cohort to date (n=147) of pregnant patients living with HIV on bictegravir (BIC). BIC in pregnancy was associated with high levels of viral suppression and similar perinatal outcomes to published literature. These findings support consideration for use of BIC in management of HIV during pregnancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed