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Alexander Domnich, Andrea Orsi, Matilde Ogliastro, Allegra Ferrari, Bianca Bruzzone, Donatella Panatto, Giancarlo Icardi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
In adults, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and is associated with a significant burden [1]. Two adult RSV vaccines have recently been authorized [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSubrata Ghosh, Ana Antunes, Hanna Rinta-Kokko, Elena Chaparova, Sarah Lay-Flurrie, Aurore Tricotel, Fredrik L Andersson
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Clostridioides difficile is a common source of healthcare-associated infection, with symptoms ranging from mild diarrhoea to life-threatening colon damage [1,2]. While most C. difficile infection (CDI) cases are acquired in healthcare facilities, the incidence of community-associated CDIs has been increasing [1,3]. Nearly a quarter of patients experience a recurrent CDI (rCDI) episode. The recurrence rate increases with each subsequent episode, and 40%–65% of patients with one recurrence experience ≥2 recurrences [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAdi Turjeman
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
In the latest issue of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Piednoir et al. [1] aimed to investigate whether delayed delivery of antibiotics following a prescription in primary care could serve as an indicator of unnecessary prescriptions. In their population-based, cross-sectional study, the primary findings were: i) Late delivery of antibiotics is not an uncommon occurrence in primary care, constituting 10% of all antibiotic prescriptions; ii) Factors independently associated with late delivery include age over 15 years, female gender, low income, chronic diseases, weekend prescriptions, lockdown periods, summer season, and the distance between patient home to his general practitioner office and the pharmacy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNathan Nicolau-Guillaumet, Laurent Dortet, Aymeric Jacquemin, Bruno Mourvillier, Anaëlle Muggeo, Thomas Guillard
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Klebsiella aerogenes is involved in hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. BioFire® FilmArray® Pneumonia Panel plus (FAPP) is an effective tool to rapidly detect the presence of K. aerogenes with excellent sensitivity and specificity [1,2] but some cases have reported unexplained lacks of detection. We were facing a FAPP on a Broncho Alveolar Lavage detecting Rhinovirus/Enterovirus but no bacteria (negative or under the limit of detection of 103.5 copy/mL) in a patient intubated and ventilated after 27 days of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDai, P., Qi, L., Jia, M., Li, T., Ran, H., Jiang, M., Tang, W., Yan, C., Yang, W., Ren, Y., Feng, L.
BMJ Open, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the healthcare-seeking behaviour and related factors of people with acute respiratory symptoms in the rural areas of central and western China to estimate the disease burden of influenza more accurately. DesignCross-sectional survey. SettingsFifty-two communities/villages in the Wanzhou District, Chongqing, China, a rural area in southwest China, from May 2022 to July 2022. ParticipantsThe participants were those who had been living in Wanzhou District continuously for more than 6 months and consented to participate. Outcome measuresA semistructured questionnaire was used to determine the healthcare-seeking behaviour of participants, and the dichotomous response of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ was used to assess whether participants had acute respiratory symptoms and their healthcare-seeking behaviour. ResultsOnly 50.92% (360 of 707) of the patients with acute respiratory infection visited medical and health institutions for treatment, whereas 49.08% (347 of 707) avoided treatment or opted for self-medication. The primary reason for not seeing a doctor was that patients felt their condition was not serious and visiting a medical facility for treatment was unnecessary. Short distance (87.54%) and reasonable charges (49.48%) were ranked as the most important reasons for choosing treatment at primary medical and health facilities (80.27%). The primary reasons for which patients visited secondary and tertiary hospitals (7.78% and 8.61%, respectively) were that doctors in such facilities were better at diagnosis (57.14%) and at treatment (87.10%). ConclusionThe findings provided in this study indicated that regular healthcare-seeking behaviour investigations should be conducted. The disease burden of influenza can be calculated more accurately when healthcare-seeking behaviour investigations are combined with surveillance in the hospitals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBlegen, M. B., Rook, J. M., Jackson, N. J., Maggard-Gibbons, M., Li, R., Russell, M. M., Russell, T. A., de Virgilio, C., Tsugawa, Y.
BMJ Open, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
ObjectivesTo examine changes in the 30-day surgical mortality rate after common surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate whether its impact varies by urgency of surgery or patient race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. DesignWe used a quasi-experimental event study design to examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical mortality rate, using patients who received the same procedure in the prepandemic years (2016–2019) as the control, adjusting for patient characteristics and hospital fixed effects (effectively comparing patients treated at the same hospital). We conducted stratified analyses by procedure urgency, patient race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status (dual-Medicaid status and median household income). SettingAcute care hospitals in the USA. ParticipantsMedicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 65–99 years who underwent one of 14 common surgical procedures from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. Main outcome measures30-day postoperative mortality rate. ResultsOur sample included 3 620 689 patients. Surgical mortality was higher during the pandemic, with peak mortality observed in April 2020 (adjusted risk difference (aRD) +0.95 percentage points (pp); 95% CI +0.76 to +1.26 pp; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMunir, M., Azab, S. M., I Bangdiwala, S., Kurmi, O., Doiron, D., Brook, J., Banfield, L., de Souza, R. J.
BMJ Open, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
IntroductionGlobally, the prevalence of obesity tripled from 1975 to 2016. There is evidence that air pollution may contribute to the obesity epidemic through an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation of adipose tissue. However, the impact of air pollution on body weight at a population level remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis will estimate the association of ambient air pollution with obesity, distribution of ectopic adipose tissue, and the incidence and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among adults. Methods and analysisThe study will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for conduct and reporting. The search will include the following databases: Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science and Latin America and the Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, and will be supplemented by a grey literature search. Each article will be independently screened by two reviewers, and relevant data will be extracted independently and in duplicate. Study-specific estimates of associations and their 95% Confidence Intervals will be pooled using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model, implemented using the RevMan software. The I2 statistic will be used to assess interstudy heterogeneity. The confidence in the body of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Ethics and disseminationAs per institutional policy, ethical approval is not required for secondary data analysis. In addition to being published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences, the results of the meta-analysis will be shared with key stakeholders, health policymakers and healthcare professionals. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023423955.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAwasthi, K. R., Jancey, J., Clements, A. C. A., Rai, R., Leavy, J. E.
BMJ Open, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
IntroductionGlobally malaria programmes have adopted approaches to community engagement (ACE) to design and deliver malaria interventions. This scoping review aimed to understand, map, and synthesise intervention activities guided by ACE and implemented by countries worldwide for the prevention, control and elimination of malaria. MethodsThree databases (Web of Science, Proquest, and Medline) were searched for peer-reviewed, primary studies, published in English between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2022. Advanced Google was used to search for grey literature. The five levels of the International Association for Public Participation were used to categorise ACE - (1) Inform, (2) Consult, (3) involve, (4) Collaborate, and (5) Co-lead. Intervention activities were categorised as health education (HE), and/or health services (HS), and/or environmental management (EM). Outcomes were collected as knowledge, attitude, behaviour, help-seeking, health and HS and environment. Enablers and barriers were identified. Malaria intervention phases were categorised as (1) prevention (P), or (2) control (C), or (3) prevention and control (PC) or prevention, control and elimination (PCE). ResultsSeventy-five studies were included in the review. Based on ACE levels, most studies were at the inform (n=37) and involve (n=26) level. HE (n=66) and HS (n=43) were the common intervention activities. HE informed communities about malaria, its prevention and vector control. EM activities were effective when complemented by HE. Community-based HS using locally recruited health workers was well-accepted by the community. Involvement of local leaders and collaboration with local stakeholders can be enablers for malaria intervention activities. ConclusionInvolving local leaders and community groups in all stages of malaria prevention programmes is vital for successful interventions. Key elements of successful ACE, that is, consult, collaborate, and co-lead were under-represented in the literature and require attention. National programes must consult and collaborate with community stakeholders to develop ownership of the interventions and eventually co-lead them.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHyle, Emily P.; Wattananimitgul, Nattanicha; Mukerji, Shibani S.; Foote, Julia H.A.; Reddy, Krishna P.; Thielking, Acadia; Yu, Liyang; Viswanathan, Anand; Rubin, Leah H.; Shebl, Fatma M.; Althoff, Keri N.; Freedberg, Kenneth A.
AIDS, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Objective: Almost 400 000 people with HIV (PWH) in the United States are over age 55 years and at risk for age-associated dementias (AAD), including Alzheimer\'s disease and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). We projected the cumulative incidence and mortality associated with AAD among PWH at least 60 years in the United States compared with the general population. Design/methods: Integrating the CEPAC and AgeD-Pol models, we simulated two cohorts of male and female individuals at least 60 years old: PWH, and general US population. We estimated AAD incidence and AAD-associated mortality rates. Projected outcomes included AAD cumulative incidence, life expectancy, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). We performed sensitivity and scenario analyses on AAD-specific (e.g. incidence) and HIV-specific (e.g. disengagement from HIV care) parameters, as well as premature aging among PWH. Results: We projected that 22.1%/16.3% of 60-year-old male individuals/female individuals with HIV would develop AAD by 80 years compared with 15.9%/13.3% of male individuals/female individuals in the general population. Accounting for age-associated and dementia-associated quality of life, 60-year-old PWH would have a lower life expectancy (QALYs): 17.4 years (14.1 QALYs) and 16.8 years (13.4 QALYs) for male and female individuals, respectively, compared with the general population [men, 21.7 years (18.4 QALYs); women, 24.7 years (20.2 QALYs)]. AAD cumulative incidence was most sensitive to non-HIV-related mortality, engagement in HIV care, and AAD incidence rates. Conclusion: Projected estimates of AAD-associated morbidity, mortality, and quality of life can inform decision-makers and health systems planning as the population of PWH ages. Improved AAD prevention, treatment, and supportive care planning are critical for people aging with HIV. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMoolla, Haroon; Davies, Mary-Ann; Davies, Claire; Euvrard, Jonathan; Prozesky, Hans W.; Fox, Matthew P.; Orrell, Catherine; Von Groote, Per; Johnson, Leigh F.; For the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa (IeDEA-SA) Collaboration
AIDS, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Objective: To estimate the relative rate of all-cause mortality amongst those on antiretroviral treatment (ART) with a history of interruptions compared with those with no previous interruptions in care. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: We used data from four South African cohorts participating in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa collaboration. We included adults who started ART between 2004 and 2019. We defined a care interruption as a gap in contact longer than 180 days. Observation time prior to interruption was allocated to a ‘no interruption’ group. Observation time after interruption was allocated to one of two groups based on whether the first interruption started before 6 months of ART (’early interruption’) or later (’late interruption’). We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios. Results: Sixty-three six hundred and ninety-two participants contributed 162 916 person-years of observation. There were 3469 deaths. Most participants were female individuals (67.4%) and the median age at ART initiation was 33.3 years (interquartile range: 27.5–40.7). Seventeen thousand and eleven (26.7%) participants experienced care interruptions. Those resuming ART experienced increased mortality compared with those with no interruptions: early interrupters had a hazard ratio of 4.37 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.87–4.95) and late interrupters had a hazard ratio of 2.74 (95% CI 2.39–3.15). In sensitivity analyses, effect sizes were found to be proportional to the length of time used to define interruptions. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the need to improve retention in care, regardless of treatment duration. Programmes to encourage return to care also need to be strengthened. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShalekoff, Sharon; Da Costa Dias, Bianca; Loubser, Shayne; Strehlau, Renate; Kuhn, Louise; Tiemessen, Caroline T.
AIDS, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Objective: CCR5-tropic viruses are preferentially transmitted during perinatal HIV-1 infection. CCR5 density on CD4+ T cells likely impacts susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Design: Fifty-two mother–infant dyads were enrolled. All mothers were living with HIV-1, 27 of the infants acquired HIV-1 in utero and 25 infants remained uninfected. Methods: CCR5 density, together with frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing immune activation (CCR5, ICOS and HLA-DR) and immune checkpoint (TIGIT and PD-1) markers, were measured in whole blood from the dyads close to delivery. Results: Compared with mothers who did not transmit, mothers who transmitted HIV-1 had less exposure to ART during pregnancy (P = 0.015) and higher plasma viral load close to delivery (P = 0.0005). These mothers, additionally, had higher CCR5 density on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and higher frequencies of CCR5, ICOS and TIGIT-expressing CD8+ T cells. Similarly, compared with infants without HIV-1, infants with HIV-1 had higher CCR5 density on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and higher frequencies of CCR5, TIGIT, and PD-1-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as higher frequencies of HLA-DR-expressing CD8+ T cells. CCR5 density on maternal CD4+ T cells remained significantly associated with transmission after adjusting for maternal viral load and CD4+ T cell counts. Mother–infant dyads with shared high CCR5 density phenotypes had the highest risk of transmission/acquisition of infection compared with dyads with shared low-CCR5 density phenotypes. Conclusion: This study provides strong evidence of a protective role for a combined mother–infant low CD4+ T-cell CCR5 density phenotype in in-utero transmission/acquisition of HIV-1. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatel, Deesha; Beer, Linda; Yuan, Xin; Tie, Yunfeng; Baugher, Amy R.; Jeffries, William L. IV; Dailey, Andre; Henny, Kirk D.; for the Medical Monitoring Project
AIDS, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Objective: To identify factors – including social determinants of health (SDOH) – that explain racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and sustained viral suppression (SVS) among U.S. men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV. Design : We used weighted data from 2017 to 2021 cycles of the Medical Monitoring Project. Methods: Among MSM taking ART, we calculated prevalence differences (PDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ART adherence (100% ART adherence, past 30 days) and SVS (all viral loads in past 12 months
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCooley, Sarah A.; Petersen, Kalen J.; Tice, Caitlin; Langford, Dianne; Burdo, Tricia H.; Roman, June; Ances, Beau M.
AIDS, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Objective: Neurofilament light chain protein (NfL) is a marker of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. Typically assessed in cerebrospinal fluid, recent advances have allowed this biomarker to be more easily measured in plasma. This study assesses plasma NfL in people with HIV (PWH) compared to people without HIV (PWoH), and its relationship with cognitive impairment, cardiovascular risk, and a neuroimaging metric of brain aging (brain-age gap). Design: 104 PWH (HIV RNA
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohammad Pritom, Gazi Sakir; Yang, Xueying; Gao, Haoyuan; Chen, Shujie; Zhang, Jiajia; Olatosi, Bankole; Li, Xiaoming
AIDS, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Background and objective: The risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in people with HIV (PWH) may be dynamic in a life course manner. This study aimed to describe incidence of DM and investigate the trajectory of changes in risk factor associated with DM incidence over around 15 years among a statewide cohort of PWH in South Carolina (SC). Design: This is a population-based cohort study. Methods: Data were retrieved from the integrated statewide electronic health records between 2006 and 2020 in SC. Separate subgroup analysis was conducted according to the patients’ different follow up duration (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 years) to observe the evolving risk factors of DM development, using multivariable logistic regressions. Results: The DM incidence among a total of 9115 PWH was 8.9 per 1000 person-years. In the overall model, being >60 years old, hypertension, and obesity were positively associated with DM while alcohol consumption, years of HIV diagnosis and high percentage days of viral suppression were negatively associated with the outcome. In the subgroup analyses, similar risk factors were observed. The odds of DM increased in a graded fashion with age. Hypertension was positively associated with DM in all groups and retention to care was negatively associated with the outcome in groups 1 and 3. Conclusion: This large-scale population-based study has revealed a relatively lower incidence of DM among PWH than some other US States. The evolving risk factors over time underline the need for maintaining retention to care to prevent the occurrence of DM. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuillaume Beaudoin-Bussières, Andrés Finzi
Trends in Microbiology, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Major efforts were deployed to study the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 have been extensively studied in the context of infections, vaccinations, and breakthrough infections. Antibodies, however, are pleiotropic proteins that have many functions in addition to neutralization. These include Fc-effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Although important to combat viral infections, these Fc-effector functions were less studied in the context of SARS-CoV-2 compared with binding and neutralization. This is partly due to the difficulty in developing reliable assays to measure Fc-effector functions compared to antibody binding and neutralization. Multiple assays have now been developed and can be used to measure different Fc-effector functions. Here, we review these assays and what is known regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions. Overall, this review summarizes and updates our current state of knowledge regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2 Fc-effector functions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJamie Prowse
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
China\'s queer communities have a rich lexicon of queer terms, many of which are unique to China. One predominant phrase is “people inside the circle”, described as people sharing “a common queer identity” that can be “as small as a few queer friends” or as large as “the entire global community”. In his book, Inside the circle: queer culture and activism in northwest China, Casey James Miller discusses his time working with queer non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in post-socialist China operating in the northwest Shaanxi Province and city of Xi\'an—typically described by residents inside the circle as “culturally and socially ‘backward’ and ‘traditional’” when compared with cities in eastern China.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTimothy Jesudason
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
COVAX, the vaccine pillar of the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator, officially closed on Dec 31, 2023, having delivered 2 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Timothy Jesudason reports.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancesca Tamarozzi, Tamara Ursini, Giacomo Stroffolini, Geraldo Badona Monteiro, Dora Buonfrate, Veronica Andrea Fittipaldo, Simone Conci, Clizia Gasparini, Giancarlo Mansueto, Alfredo Guglielmi, Federico Gobbi
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is a complex clinical condition caused by the complications of chronic infection with Schistosoma species that cause intestinal schistosomiasis. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis derives from the fibrotic reaction stimulated around parasite eggs that are transported by the mesenteric circulation to the liver, causing periportal fibrosis. Portal hypertension and variceal gastrointestinal bleeding are major complications of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. The clinical management of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is not standardised and a parameter that could guide clinical decision making has not yet been identified.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRemco P H Peters, Jeffrey D Klausner, Laura Mazzola, Mandisa M Mdingi, Hyunsul Jung, Ranjana M S Gigi, Jeremie Piton, Joseph Daniels, Lindsey de Vos, Paul C Adamson, Birgitta Gleeson, Cecilia Ferreyra
Lancet, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
The novel NG-LFA had excellent clinical sensitivity and specificity in symptomatic male and female patients. The test met the optimal requirement for sensitivity and the minimal requirement for specificity specified in the target product profile. NG-LFA could provide an important tool to optimise clinical management and reduce excess antibiotic use in settings without direct access to laboratory testing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAntonios Bayas, Martina Menacher, Constantin Lapa, Dennis Tappe, Christoph Maurer, Friederike Liesche-Starnecker, Hauke Schneider, Markus Naumann
Lancet, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
A 71-year-old woman attended our hospital with a 2-week history of fluctuating confusion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGabriela Paz-Bailey, Laura E Adams, Jacqueline Deen, Kathryn B Anderson, Leah C Katzelnick
Lancet, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Dengue, caused by four closely related viruses, is a growing global public health concern, with outbreaks capable of overwhelming health-care systems and disrupting economies. Dengue is endemic in more than 100 countries across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, and the expanding range of the mosquito vector, affected in part by climate change, increases risk in new areas such as Spain, Portugal, and the southern USA, while emerging evidence points to silent epidemics in Africa. Substantial advances in our understanding of the virus, immune responses, and disease progression have been made within the past decade.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndreas Kronbichler, Ingeborg M Bajema, Annette Bruchfeld, Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn, John H Stone
Lancet, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis consists of two main diseases, granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis, and remains among the most devastating and potentially lethal forms of autoimmune inflammatory disease. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis are characterised by a necrotising vasculitis that can involve almost any organ, and have generally been studied together. The diseases commonly affect the kidneys, lungs, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes, and peripheral nerves.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDoris Burtscher, Rafael Van den Bergh, Masood Nasim, Gbane Mahama, Sokhieng Au, Anita Williams, Abdul Sattar, Suzanne Penfold, Catherine Van Overloop, Sahar Bajis
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Doris Burtscher, Rafael Van den Bergh, Masood Nasim, Gbane Mahama, Sokhieng Au, Anita Williams, Abdul Sattar, Suzanne Penfold, Catherine Van Overloop, Sahar Bajis
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Sebastian Jünemann, Karola Prior, Andreas Albersmeier, Stefan Albaum, Jörn Kalinowski, Alexander Goesmann, Jens Stoye, Dag Harmsen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Sebastian Jünemann, Karola Prior, Andreas Albersmeier, Stefan Albaum, Jörn Kalinowski, Alexander Goesmann, Jens Stoye, Dag Harmsen
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedParveen Kumar, Robert A. Oster, Dean G. Assimos, Timothy J. Ness, Tanecia Mitchell
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Parveen Kumar, Robert A. Oster, Dean G. Assimos, Timothy J. Ness, Tanecia Mitchell Inflammation is thought to contribute to the etiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). It is well-known that disruption in metabolism in immune cells contributes to inflammation in several inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cellular bioenergetics is altered in monocytes and lymphocytes from women with IC/BPS, and if these alterations correlate with systemic inflammatory markers. Age and BMI matched adult healthy women (HS; n = 18) and women with IC/BPS (n = 18) were included in the study. Blood was collected to assess cellular bioenergetics in monocytes and lymphocytes using a Seahorse XF96 Analyzer and plasma cytokine levels were measured using Meso Scale Discovery immunoassays. The correlation between bioenergetic parameters, cytokines, and demographics was determined using Pearson correlation coefficients. Means of the two groups were compared using the two-group t-test. Patients with IC/BPS had reduced monocyte oxygen consumption rates and glycolytic rates compared to healthy subjects. In contrast, lymphocytes from these patients had increased oxygen consumption rates and glycolytic rates. Several cytokines and chemokines including Interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-ɑ), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were significantly elevated in the plasma of patients with IC/BPS. However, Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were significantly decreased in IC/BPS patients compared to HS. In addition, Interferon gamma (IFN-ɣ), TNF-ɑ, IL-8, and TGF-β levels correlated with several bioenergetic parameters in monocytes or lymphocytes from healthy subjects. In contrast, TNF-ɑ and IL-8 correlated with bioenergetic parameters in monocytes from IC/BPS patients. Monocyte and lymphocyte cellular bioenergetics and plasma cytokine levels are different in patients with IC/PBS compared to HS. It appears that systemic inflammation is greater in this cohort which may negatively impact immune cell function. The relationship between cellular bioenergetics and inflammation in monocytes and lymphocytes could be important in understanding the pathogenesis of IC/PBS and warrants further investigation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXue Bai, Yujie Han, Lizhen Han
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Xue Bai, Yujie Han, Lizhen Han The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens P9 can improve peanut growth. In this study, a co-culture system of strain P9 and peanut was established to analyze the transcriptome of peanut roots interacting with P9 for 24 and 72 h. During the early stage of co-culturing, genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Ca2+ signal transduction, ethylene synthesis, and cell wall pectin degradation were induced, and the up-regulation of phenylpropanoid derivative, flavonoid, and isoflavone synthesis enhanced the defense response of peanut. The enhanced expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation, circadian rhythm regulation, indoleacetic acid (IAA) synthesis, and cytokinin decomposition promoted root growth and development. At the late stage of co-culturing, ethylene synthesis was reduced, whereas Ca2+ signal transduction, isoquinoline alkaloid synthesis, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism were up-regulated, thereby maintaining root ROS homeostasis. Sugar decomposition and oxidative phosphorylation and nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism were induced, and peanut growth was significantly promoted. Finally, the gene expression of seedlings inoculated with strain P9 exhibited temporal differences. The results of our study, which explored transcriptional alterations of peanut root during interacting with P9, provide a basis for elucidating the growth-promoting mechanism of this bacterial strain in peanut.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAsnake Simieneh, Surafel Gashaneh, Rahel Dereje
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Asnake Simieneh, Surafel Gashaneh, Rahel Dereje Background Public health problems related to tuberculosis (TB) remain substantial globally, particularly in resource-limited countries. Determining TB treatment outcomes and identifying contributing factors are the basic components of the TB control strategy. In Ethiopia, different studies have been done on treatment outcomes and multiple associated factors, and there is also a little information on the effect of nutritional status on TB treatment outcomes. So there is a need for comprehensive research that examines the combined effects of multiple factors along with nutritional status. Methods A five-year institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Mizan Tepi University Teaching Hospital, South West Ethiopia. This study included all tuberculosis patients who were documented in the TB registration and had known treatment outcomes at the treatment facility between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. Data was collected through a pretested structured data extraction checklist. Data were entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed through SPSS version 22. Multiple logistic regression was employed to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result Of the total 625 TB patients, 283 (45.3%), 175 (28%), and 167 (26.7%) had smear-positive, extra-pulmonary, and smear-negative tuberculosis, respectively. The majority of study participants had normal weight (62.2%), were in the age group of 15–44 (67.4%), were new cases (73.8%), and were from urban areas (69.4%). About 32.2% of cases were HIV-positive. The overall unsuccessful treatment rate was 25%. From the total unsuccessful treatment rates, the highest proportion was a death rate of 90 (14.4%), followed by a treatment failure of 56 (9%). Being female (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.5), HIV positive (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.9–4.1), undernutrition (BMI
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYizi Chen, Joseph Chazalon, Edwin Carlinet, Minh Ôn Vũ Ngoc, Clément Mallet, Julien Perret
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Yizi Chen, Joseph Chazalon, Edwin Carlinet, Minh Ôn Vũ Ngoc, Clément Mallet, Julien Perret Shape vectorization is a key stage of the digitization of large-scale historical maps, especially city maps that exhibit complex and valuable details. Having access to digitized buildings, building blocks, street networks and other geographic content opens numerous new approaches for historical studies such as change tracking, morphological analysis and density estimations. In the context of the digitization of Paris atlases created in the 19th and early 20th centuries, we have designed a supervised pipeline that reliably extract closed shapes from historical maps. This pipeline is based on a supervised edge filtering stage using deep filters, and a closed shape extraction stage using a watershed transform. It relies on probable multiple suboptimal methodological choices that hamper the vectorization performances in terms of accuracy and completeness. Objectively investigating which solutions are the most adequate among the numerous possibilities is comprehensively addressed in this paper. The following contributions are subsequently introduced: (i) we propose an improved training protocol for map digitization; (ii) we introduce a joint optimization of the edge detection and shape extraction stages; (iii) we compare the performance of state-of-the-art deep edge filters with topology-preserving loss functions, including vision transformers; (iv) we evaluate the end-to-end deep learnable watershed against Meyer watershed. We subsequently design the critical path for a fully automatic extraction of key elements of historical maps. All the data, code, benchmark results are freely available at https://github.com/soduco/Benchmark_historical_map_vectorization.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHazem Aqel, Naif Sannan, Afnan Al-Hunaiti, Ramy Fodah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Hazem Aqel, Naif Sannan, Afnan Al-Hunaiti, Ramy Fodah The Wadi Hanifah, a crucial aquatic ecosystem, has unfavorable consequences from natural occurrences and human activities. Recognizing the critical need for sustainable water management, this study provides an in-depth evaluation of wadi water quality. A comprehensive assessment was conducted, analyzing physical properties (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, color, and odor), chemical constituents (nitrogen compounds, ion concentrations, heavy metals), and bacterial diversity. The study found significant temperature fluctuations, particularly in sun-exposed or stagnant water areas. The water exhibited slight alkalinity and variable electrical conductivity and turbidity, indicating differing pollution levels. High ammonia and heavy metal concentrations suggested organic and industrial contamination, respectively. In addition, the prevalent fecal-indicator bacteria pointed to possible sewage or agricultural runoff. The research highlights the complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic factors affecting Wadi Hanifah’s water quality. It emphasizes the need for location-specific environmental management strategies focusing on pollution control and conservation to safeguard the wadi’s ecological health. This study provides vital insights for effective water resource management in Wadi Hanifah, serving as a model for similar ecosystems.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKentaro Koide, Yumi Uchitani, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Nao Otsuka, Masataka Goto, Tsuyoshi Kenri, Kazunari Kamachi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
by Kentaro Koide, Yumi Uchitani, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Nao Otsuka, Masataka Goto, Tsuyoshi Kenri, Kazunari Kamachi The emergence of macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) is a significant problem because it reduces treatment options for pertussis and exacerbates the severity and spread of the disease. MRBP has been widely prevalent in mainland China since the 2010s and has been sporadically detected in other Asian countries. In Japan, two MRBP clinical strains were first isolated in Tokyo and Osaka between June and July 2018. The isolates BP616 in Osaka and BP625 in Tokyo harbored the same virulence-associated allelic genes (including ptxP1, ptxA1, prn1, fim3A, and fhaB3) and MT195 genotype and exhibited similar antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. However, despite their simultaneous occurrence, a distinguishable epidemiological link between these isolates could not be established. To gain further insight into the genetic relationship between these isolates in this study, we performed whole-genome analyses. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms revealed that the isolates belonged to one of the three clades of Chinese MRBP isolates, but there were 11 single-nucleotide polymorphism differences between BP616 and BP625. Genome structure analysis revealed two large inversions (202 and 523 kbp) and one small transposition (3.8 kbp) between the genomes. These findings indicate that the two Japanese MRBP isolates are closely related to Chinese MRBP isolates but are genomically distinct, suggesting that they were introduced into Japan from mainland China through different transmission routes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of regulated cell death that plays a crucial role in activating the immune system in response to various stressors, including cancer cells and pathogens. However, the involvement of ICD in the human immune response against malaria remains to be defined. Methods In this study, data from Plasmodium falciparum infection cohorts, derived from cross-sectional studies, were analysed to identify ICD subtypes and their correlation with parasitaemia and immune responses. Using consensus clustering, ICD subtypes were identified, and their association with the immune landscape was assessed by employing ssGSEA. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, and machine learning (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest) were used to identify ICD-associated hub genes linked with high parasitaemia. A nomogram visualizing these genes\' correlation with parasitaemia levels was developed, and its performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results In the P. falciparum infection cohort, two ICD-associated subtypes were identified, with subtype 1 showing better adaptive immune responses and lower parasitaemia compared to subtype 2. DEGs analysis revealed upregulation of proliferative signalling pathways, T-cell receptor signalling pathways and T-cell activation and differentiation in subtype 1, while subtype 2 exhibited elevated cytokine signalling and inflammatory responses. PPI network construction and machine learning identified CD3E and FCGR1A as candidate hub genes. A constructed nomogram integrating these genes demonstrated significant classification performance of high parasitaemia, which was evidenced by AUC values ranging from 0.695 to 0.737 in the training set and 0.911 to 0.933 and 0.759 to 0.849 in two validation sets, respectively. Additionally, significant correlations between the expressions of these genes and the clinical manifestation of P. falciparum infection were observed. Conclusion This study reveals the existence of two ICD subtypes in the human immune response against P. falciparum infection. Two ICD-associated candidate hub genes were identified, and a nomogram was constructed for the classification of high parasitaemia. This study can deepen the understanding of the human immune response to P. falciparum infection and provide new targets for the prevention and control of malaria.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background Despite the progress made in this decade towards malaria elimination, it remains a significant public health concern in India and many other countries in South Asia and Asia Pacific region. Understanding the historical trends of malaria incidence in relation to various commodity and policy interventions and identifying the factors associated with its occurrence can inform future intervention strategies for malaria elimination goals. Methods This study analysed historical malaria cases in India from 1990 to 2022 to assess the annual trends and the impact of key anti-malarial interventions on malaria incidence. Factors associated with malaria incidence were identified using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Generalized linear, smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving averages (ARIMA) and Holt’s models were used to forecast malaria cases from 2023 to 2030. Results The reported annual malaria cases in India during 1990–2000 were 2.38 million, which dropped to 0.73 million cases annually during 2011–2022. The overall reduction from 1990 (2,018,783) to 2022 (176,522) was 91%. The key interventions of the Enhanced Malaria Control Project (EMCP), Intensified Malaria Control Project (IMCP), use of bivalent rapid diagnostic tests (RDT-Pf/Pv), artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), and involvement of the Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) as front-line workers were found to result in the decline of malaria significantly. The ARIMA and Holt’s models projected a continued decline in cases with the potential for reaching zero indigenous cases by 2027–2028. Important factors influencing malaria incidence included tribal population density, literacy rate, health infrastructure, and forested and hard-to-reach areas. Conclusions Studies aimed at assessing the impact of major commodity and policy interventions on the incidence of disease and studies of disease forecasting will inform programmes and policymakers of steps needed during the last mile phase to achieve malaria elimination. It is proposed that these time series and disease forecasting studies should be performed periodically using granular (monthly) and meteorological data to validate predictions of prior studies and suggest any changes needed for elimination efforts at national and sub-national levels.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background Over the last decades, the number of malaria cases has drastically reduced in Cambodia. As the overall prevalence of malaria in Cambodia declines, residual malaria transmission becomes increasingly fragmented over smaller remote regions. The aim of this study was to get an insight into the burden and epidemiological parameters of Plasmodium infections on the forest-fringe of Cambodia. Methods 950 participants were recruited in the province of Mondulkiri in Cambodia and followed up from 2018 to 2020. Whole-blood samples were processed for Plasmodium spp. identification by PCR as well as for a serological immunoassay. A risk factor analysis was conducted for Plasmodium vivax PCR-detected infections throughout the study, and for P. vivax seropositivity at baseline. To evaluate the predictive effect of seropositivity at baseline on subsequent PCR-positivity, an analysis of P. vivax infection-free survival time stratified by serological status at baseline was performed. Results Living inside the forest significantly increased the odds of P. vivax PCR-positivity by a factor of 18.3 (95% C.I. 7.7–43.5). Being a male adult was also a significant predictor of PCR-positivity. Similar risk profiles were identified for P. vivax seropositivity. The survival analysis showed that serological status at baseline significantly correlated with subsequent infection. Serology is most informative outside of the forest, where 94.0% (95% C.I. 90.7–97.4%) of seronegative individuals survived infection-free, compared to 32.4% (95% C.I.: 22.6–46.6%) of seropositive individuals. Conclusion This study justifies the need for serological diagnostic assays to target interventions in this region, particularly in demographic groups where a lot of risk heterogeneity persists, such as outside of the forest.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMiran TangDeyi ZhaoYing ZhangChangrui QianHuale ChenLijiang ChenJianzhong YeTieli Zhou1Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China2Department of Medical Lab Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, Manuela Raffatellu
Infection and Immunity, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Infection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Purpose We aimed to assess risk factors of candida-related Vascular Graft Infections (VGIs). Methods We did a case–control study (1:4) matched by age and year of infection, nested in a cohort of patient with a history of VGIs. Cases were defined by a positive culture for Candida spp. in biological samples and controls were defined by a positive culture for bacterial strains only in biological samples. Risk factors for Candida-related VGIs were investigated using multivariate logistic regression. Mortality were compared using survival analysis. Results 16 Candida-related VGIs were matched to 64 bacterial-related VGIs. The two groups were comparable regarding medical history and clinical presentation. Candida-related VGIs were associated with bacterial strains in 88% (14/16). Gas/fluid-containing collection on abdominal CT scan and the presence of an aortic endoprosthesis were risk factors for Candida spp.-related VGIs [RRa 10.43 [1.81–60.21] p = 0.009 RRa and 6.46 [1.17–35.73] p = 0.03, respectively]. Candida-related VGIs were associated with a higher mortality when compared to bacterial-related VGIs (p = 0.002). Conclusions Candida-related VGIs are severe. Early markers of Candida spp. infection are needed to improve their outcome. The suspicion of aortic endoprosthesis infection may necessitate probabilistic treatment with antifungal agents.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of severe respiratory disease in infants and adults. While vaccines and monoclonal therapeutic antibodies either are or will shortly become available, correlates of protection remain unclear. For this purpose, we developed an RSV multiplex immunoassay that analyses antibody titers toward the post-F, Nucleoprotein, and a diverse mix of G proteins. Methods A bead-based multiplex RSV immunoassay was developed, technically validated to standard FDA bioanalytical guidelines, and clinically validated using samples from human challenge studies. RSV antibody titers were then investigated in children aged under 2 and a population-based cohort. Results Technical and clinical validation showed outstanding performance, while methodological developments enabled identification of the subtype of previous infections through use of the diverse G proteins for approximately 50% of samples. As a proof of concept to show the suitability of the assay in serosurveillance studies, we then evaluated titer decay and age-dependent antibody responses within population cohorts. Conclusion Overall, the developed assay shows robust performance, is scalable, provides additional information on infection subtype, and is therefore ideally suited to be used in future population cohort studies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are generally free-living organism, widely distributed in the environment, with sporadic potential to infect. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the global incidence of NTM-related disease, spanning across all continents and an increased mortality after the diagnosis has been reported. The decisions on whether to treat or not and which drugs to use are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach as well as patients’ involvement in the decision process. Methods and Results This review aims at describing the drugs used for treating NTM-associated diseases emphasizing the efficacy, tolerability, optimization strategies as well as possible drugs that might be used in case of intolerance or resistance. We also reviewed data on newer compounds highlighting the lack of randomised clinical trials for many drugs but also encouraging preliminary data for others. We also focused on non-pharmacological interventions that need to be adopted during care of individuals with NTM-associated diseases Conclusions Despite insufficient efficacy and poor tolerability this review emphasizes the improvement in patients’ care and the needs for future studies in the field of anti-NTM treatments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Gut barrier dysfunction is a pivotal pathophysiological alteration in cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease, which is further aggravated during and after the operational procedures for liver transplantation (LT). In this review, we analyze the multifactorial disruption of all major levels of defense of the gut barrier (biological, mechanical, and immunological) and correlate with clinical implications. Methods A narrative review of the literature was performed using PubMed, PubMed Central and Google from inception until November 29th, 2023. Results Systemic translocation of indigenous bacteria through this dysfunctional barrier contributes to the early post-LT infectious complications, while endotoxin translocation, through activation of the systemic inflammatory response, is implicated in non-infectious complications including renal dysfunction and graft rejection. Bacterial infections are the main cause of early in-hospital mortality of LT patients and unraveling the pathophysiology of gut barrier failure is of outmost importance. Conclusion A pathophysiology-based approach to prophylactic or therapeutic interventions may lead to enhancement of gut barrier function eliminating its detrimental consequences and leading to better outcomes for LT patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Introduction SARS-CoV-2 infection causes severe endothelial damage, an essential step for cardiovascular complications. Endothelial-colony forming cells (ECFCs) act as a biomarker of vascular damage but their role in SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether the number of ECFCs and angiogenic biomarkers remained altered after 6 and 12-months post-infection and whether this imbalance correlated with the presence of long-COVID syndrome and other biological parameters measured. Methods Seventy-two patients were recruited at different time-points after overcoming COVID-19 and thirty-one healthy controls. All subjects were matched for age, gender, BMI, and comorbidities. ECFCs were obtained from peripheral blood and cultured with specific conditions. Results The results confirm the presence of a long-term sequela in post-COVID-19 patients, with an abnormal increase in ECFC production compared to controls (82.8% vs. 48.4%, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Although dalbavancin is currently approved for the treatment of ABSSIs, several studies suggest its efficacy and tolerance as long-term therapy for other off-label indications requiring prolonged intravenous antibiotic administration. Methods We conducted a prospective nationwide study of dalbavancin use in real-life settings for both approved and off-label indications analysing for each case the clinical and microbiological characteristics of infection the efficacy and safety of treatments. Results During the study period (from December 2018 to July 2021), the ID specialists from 14 different centres enrolled 223 patients treated with dalbavancin [141 males (63%) and 82 females (37%); male/female ratio 1.72; mean age 59 (SD 17.2) years, (range 15–96). Most patients in the study population (136/223; 61.0%) came from community rather than health care facilities and most of them were visited in Infectious Diseases wards (93/223; 41.7%) and clinics (55/223; 24.7%) even though some patients were cured in other settings, such as surgery wards (18/223; 8.1%), orthopaedic wards (11/223; 4.9%), Emergency Rooms (7/223; 3.1%) and non-surgical other than ID wards (6/223; 2.7%). The most common ID diagnoses were osteomyelitis (44 cases/223; 19.7%; of which 29 acute and 15 chronic osteomyelitis), cellulitis (28/223; 12.5%), cutaneous abscess (23/223; 10.3%), orthopaedic prosthesis-associated infection (22/223; 9.9%), surgical site infection (20/223; 9.0%) and septic arthritis (15/223; 6.7%). Conclusion In conclusion, by virtue of its PK/PD properties, dalbavancin represents a valuable option to daily in-hospital intravenous or outpatient antimicrobial regimens also for off-label indications requiring a long-term treatment of Gram-positive infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are key organizers of tissue immune responses and regulate tissue development, repair, and pathology. Persistent clinical sequelae beyond 12 weeks following acute COVID-19 disease, named post-COVID syndrome (PCS), are increasingly recognized in convalescent individuals. ILCs have been associated with the severity of COVID-19 symptoms but their role in the development of PCS remains poorly defined. Methods and results Here, we used multiparametric immune phenotyping, finding expanded circulating ILC precursors (ILCPs) and concurrent decreased group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in PCS patients compared to well-matched convalescent control groups at > 3 months after infection or healthy controls. Patients with PCS showed elevated expression of chemokines and cytokines associated with trafficking of immune cells (CCL19/MIP-3b, FLT3-ligand), endothelial inflammation and repair (CXCL1, EGF, RANTES, IL-1RA, PDGF-AA). Conclusion These results define immunological parameters associated with PCS and might help find biomarkers and disease-relevant therapeutic strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccination initially showed high effectiveness in preventing COVID-19. However, after the surge of variants of concern, the effectiveness dropped. Several studies investigated if this was related to the decrease of the humoral response over time; however, this issue is still unclear. The aim of this study was to understand whether SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels can be used to predict breakthrough infection risk and define the timing for further booster doses administration. Method Within the framework of the ORCHESTRA Project, over 20,000 health workers from 11 European centers were enrolled since December 2020. We performed two Cox proportional hazards survival analyses regarding pre-Omicron (from January to July 2021) and Omicron (December 2021–May 2022) periods. The serological response was classified as high (above the 75th percentile), medium (25th-75th), or low (
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