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1
Correction: Ambulatory management of pre- and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis patients with imipenem delivered through port-a-cath: A mixed methods study on treatment outcomes and challenges
Vijay Vinayak Chavan, Alpa Dalal, Sharath Nagaraja, Pruthu Thekkur, Homa Mansoor, Augusto Meneguim, Roma Paryani, Pramila Singh, Stobdan Kalon, Mrinalini Das, Gabriella Ferlazzo, Petros Isaakidis
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
by Vijay Vinayak Chavan, Alpa Dalal, Sharath Nagaraja, Pruthu Thekkur, Homa Mansoor, Augusto Meneguim, Roma Paryani, Pramila Singh, Stobdan Kalon, Mrinalini Das, Gabriella Ferlazzo, Petros Isaakidis
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2
Lung impedance changes during awake prone positioning in COVID-19. A non-randomized cross-over study
Jacob Rosén, Peter Frykholm, Malin Jonsson Fagerlund, Mariangela Pellegrini, Francesca Campoccia Jalde, Erik von Oelreich, Diddi Fors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
by Jacob Rosén, Peter Frykholm, Malin Jonsson Fagerlund, Mariangela Pellegrini, Francesca Campoccia Jalde, Erik von Oelreich, Diddi Fors Background The effects of awake prone positioning (APP) on respiratory mechanics in patients with COVID-19 are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate changes of global and regional lung volumes during APP compared with the supine position using electrical lung impedance tomography (EIT) in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. Materials and methods This exploratory non-randomized cross-over study was conducted at two university hospitals in Sweden between January and May 2021. Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with confirmed COVID-19, an arterial cannula in place, a PaO2/FiO2 ratio
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3
Association of cesarean section and infectious outcomes among infants at 1 year of age: Logistic regression analysis using data of 104,065 records from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Hajime Maeda, Koichi Hashimoto, Hajime Iwasa, Hyo Kyozuka, Yohei Kume, Hayato Go, Akiko Sato, Yuka Ogata, Tsuyoshi Murata, Keiya Fujimori, Kosei Shinoki, Hidekazu Nishigori, Seiji Yasumura, Mitsuaki Hosoya, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
by Hajime Maeda, Koichi Hashimoto, Hajime Iwasa, Hyo Kyozuka, Yohei Kume, Hayato Go, Akiko Sato, Yuka Ogata, Tsuyoshi Murata, Keiya Fujimori, Kosei Shinoki, Hidekazu Nishigori, Seiji Yasumura, Mitsuaki Hosoya, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group Background There has been a recent decrease in the prevalence of infectious diseases in children worldwide due to the usage of vaccines. However, the association between cesarean delivery and infectious diseases remains unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the association between cesarean delivery and the development of infectious diseases. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study. We used data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which is a prospective, nationwide, government-funded birth cohort study. The data of 104,065 records were included. Information about the mode of delivery, central nervous system infection (CNSI), otitis media (OM), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), gastrointestinal infection (GI), and urinary tract infection (UTI) was obtained from questionnaires and medical records transcripts. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between cesarean delivery and CNSI, OM, URTI, LRTI, GI, and UTI risk. Results We included a total of 74,477 subjects in this study, of which 18.4% underwent cesarean deliveries. After adjusting for the perinatal, socioeconomic, and postnatal confounding factors, children born by cesarean delivery did not have an increased risk of developing CNSI (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46–1.35), OM (95% CI 0.99–1.12), URTI (95% CI 0.97–1.06), LRTI (95% CI 0.98–1.15), GI (95% CI 0.98–1.11), or UTI (95% CI 0.95–1.45). Conclusions This nationwide cohort study did not find an association between cesarean delivery and CNSI, OM, URTI, LRTI, GI, and UTI. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the role of cesarean delivery in the development of infectious diseases.
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4
Getting to the heart of the matter - Are two agents really better than one for the treatment of staphylococcal infective endocarditis?
James Donnelly, Helene McDermott, Sadhbh Gash, Ciara O'Connor, Karina O'Connell, Sinead O'Donnell, Binu Dinesh, Karen Burns, Fidelma Fitzpatrick
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
The recently published 2023 update from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) regarding the management of infective endocarditis introduces many welcome changes. Commendable are the transition towards outpatient care and the adoption of oral therapeutic regimens for carefully selected and clinically stable patients [1]. However, the management of these patients still presents numerous challenges, particularly in the context of selecting the most appropriate antimicrobial regimen.
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5
Doxycycline post exposure prophylaxis could theoretically select for resistance to various antimicrobials in 19 pathobionts: an in silico analysis
Chris Kenyon
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Three randomized controlled trials have found that doxycycline post exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) can reduce the incidence of gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) [1]. As a result, a number of international organizations suggest that doxy-PEP should be considered for use by MSM at risk [1].
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6
Recurrent and persistent fever after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with follicular lymphoma: a case series
Lixue Huang, Xunliang Tong, Jia Cui, Xiaoman Du, Yixuan Liao, Xiaoming Tan, Yang Ju, Xuefeng Zhong, Wei Zhou, Xiaomao Xu, Yanming Li
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Whilst persistent or recurrent COVID-19 infection is well described among some immunosuppressed patient cohort, to date there have been no reports of this phenomenon in the context of repeatedly negative SARS-CoV-2 testing in the upper respiratory tract. We reported 6 follicular lymphoma developed recurrent symptomatic COVID-19 infection. They tested persistently negative for SARS-CoV-2 on pharyngeal swabs and ultimately confirmed by BALF metagenomics next generation sequencing. All 6 patients presented with lymphopenia and B-cell depletion, and 5 of them received the anti-CD 20 treatment in the last year.
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7
Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers to differentiate between neonatal bacterial meningitis and sepsis: a prospective study of diagnostic accuracy
Nina S. Groeneveld, Sabine E. Olie, Douwe H. Visser, Linde Snoek, Diederik van de Beek, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Merijn W. Bijlsma, NOGBS study group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Neonatal and infant meningitis and sepsis are associated with substantial mortality and long-term morbidity.[1] Early detection of meningitis in suspected sepsis patients is important because of the difference in empiric antibiotic regimen, dosage and duration of antibiotic treatment. Also, it influences the need for monitoring of complications during hospitalization, as well as the risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment.[2] The interpretation of CSF parameters in neonates can be difficult due to considerable overlap of CSF characteristics between sepsis and meningitis.
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8
The associations between invasive group A streptococcal disease and infection with influenza, varicella or hepatitis C viruses: A data linkage study, Victoria, Australia
Jessie J. Goldsmith, Christy Vu, Ziheng Zhu, Jennifer MacLachlan, Tilda N. Thomson, Patricia Therese Campbell, Katherine B. Gibney
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Invasive group A streptococcal disease (iGAS) is a rare and life-threatening infection. It occurs when group A Streptococcus bacteria (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) invade otherwise sterile sites of the body, such as the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.[1] Globally, it is estimated that 15–25% of iGAS cases are fatal.[1] Severe manifestations such as sepsis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and necrotising fasciitis have higher case fatality rates, even in well-resourced settings.[1, 2] iGAS is managed with antibiotics, and often requires surgery and supportive care for organ dysfunction.[2] However, patients frequently experience rapid clinical progression and urgent medical attention is critical.[2] It is imperative that the factors that increase the risk of iGAS are well understood to support early diagnosis and rapid institution of life-saving medical care.
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9
PET imaging of unruptured intracranial aneurysm inflammation (PET-IA) study: a feasibility study protocol
Laukka, D., Paturi, J., Rahi, M., Saraste, A., Parkkola, R., Kivelev, J., Gardberg, M., Kuhmonen, J., Rinne, J.
BMJ Open, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
IntroductionPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used to evaluate arterial wall inflammation in extracranial vascular diseases. However, the application of PET imaging in unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) remains unexplored. Our objective is to investigate feasibility of PET imaging using 18F-FDG and 68Ga-DOTANOC tracers to evaluate arterial wall inflammation in UIA. Methods and analysisThis PET imaging feasibility study will enrol patients scheduled for surgical treatment of UIA. The study subjects will undergo PET imaging of the intracranial arteries within 1 month before planned surgery. The imaging protocol includes 18F-FDG PET MRI, MRA with gadolinium enhancement, and 68Ga-DOTANOC PET CT. The study will also involve preoperative blood samples, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, and aneurysm sac biopsy. Planned sample size is at least 18 patients. Primary outcome is uptake of 18F-FDG or 68Ga-DOTANOC in intracranial arterial aneurysms compared with contralateral normal vessel as maximum standardised uptake value or target-to-blood pool ratio and correlation of uptake of 18F-FDG or 68Ga-DOTANOC to aneurysm histological findings. Secondary outcomes include estimating the correlations between uptake of 18F-FDG or 68Ga-DOTANOC and histological findings with blood and CSF miRNA-levels, arterial wall enhancement in gadolinium enhanced MRA, aneurysm size and shape, smoking, hypertension, and location of the aneurysm. Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Southwest Finland, Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea, and Turku University Hospital. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal articles and presentations at national and international conferences. Trial registration numberNCT04715503
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10
Effective coverage of curative child health services in Ethiopia: analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey and Service Provision Assessment survey
Haile, T. G., Benova, L., Mirkuzie, A. H., Asefa, A.
BMJ Open, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
ObjectivesDespite a remarkable decline, childhood morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia remain high and inequitable. Thus, we estimated the effective coverage of curative child health services in Ethiopia. DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the 2014 Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment Plus (SPA+) survey. SettingNationally representative household and facility surveys. Participants and outcomesWe included a sample of 2096 children under 5 years old (from DHS) who had symptoms of one or more common childhood illnesses (diarrhoea, fever and acute respiratory infection) and estimated the percentage of sick children who were taken to a health facility (crude coverage). To construct a quality index of child health services, we used the SPA+ survey, which was conducted in 1076 health facilities and included observations of care for 1980 sick children and surveys of 1908 mothers/caregivers and 5328 health providers. We applied the Donabedian quality of care framework to identify 58 quality parameters (structure, 31; process, 16; and outcome, 11) and used the weighted additive method to estimate the overall quality of care index. Finally, we multiplied the crude coverage by the quality of care index to estimate the effective coverage of curative child health services, nationally and by region. ResultsAmong the 2096 sick children, only 38.4% (95% CI: 36.5 to 40.4) of them were taken to a health facility. The overall quality of care was 54.4%, weighted from structure (30.0%), process (9.2%) and outcome (15.2%). The effective coverage of curative child health services was estimated at 20.9% (95%CI: 19.9 to 22.0) nationally, ranging from 16.9% in Somali to 34.6% in Dire Dawa regions. ConclusionsSystem-wide interventions are required to address both demand-side and supply-side bottlenecks in the provision of child health services if child health-related targets are to be achieved in Ethiopia.
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11
Computerised modified paramedian approach technique versus conventional midline approach technique of lumbar puncture: a randomised control trial protocol
Zhuang, Y.-D., Chen, Y.-Z., Lin, Q.-Y., Chen, Y.-X., Zhong, S.-Q., Lei, D., Chen, C.-M.
BMJ Open, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
IntroductionThe lumbar puncture (LP) technique is widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent years, the paramedian approach technique (PAT) has gained increasing interest due to its advantages over the conventional midline approach technique (MAT) that has been traditionally employed in clinical practice for LP. However, there have been inconsistent discussions regarding the efficacy of different LP techniques. Based on digital virtual human and computer simulation techniques, a new approach called computerised modified PAT (CMPAT) was proposed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to discuss a randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocol to investigate and compare the effects of CMPAT and MAT in patients undergoing LP. Methods and analysisWe will conduct a prospective, multicentre RCT. The study will recruit 84 patients aged 18–99 years who require LP. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the CMPAT treatment group (group A) or the MAT treatment group (group B). The primary outcome measure will be the number of needle insertion attempts required for a successful LP. Secondary outcomes will include the puncture success rate, pain assessment in the back, head, and legs, and the occurrence of complications. The measurement of these secondary outcomes will be taken during the procedure, as well as at specific time points: 30 min, 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the procedure. Pain levels will be assessed using a Numerical Rating Scale. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval (2022YF052-01) has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China. The research findings will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented at scientific conferences. Trial registration numberChiCTR2300067937.
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12
Exploring the safety and quality of mobile X-ray imaging in a new infectious disease biocontainment unit: an in situ simulation and video-reflexive study
Wyer, M., Hor, S.-y., Barratt, R., Garrahy, P., Moore, C., Williams Veazey, L., Degeling, C., Gilbert, G. L.
BMJ Open, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
ObjectivesDuring a precommissioning inspection of a new biocontainment centre, radiographers noted structural features of quarantine rooms that could compromise staff and patient safety and the X-ray image quality, even after significant modifications had been made to an earlier radiography protocol. The aim of this study was to explore the safety and effectiveness of the modified protocol, in the new space, and identify improvements, if required. DesignA qualitative study using in situ simulation and video-reflexive methods. SettingA newly built biocontainment centre, prior to its commissioning in 2021, in a large, tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia. ParticipantsFive radiographers, and a nurse and a physician from the biocontainment centre, consented to participate. All completed the study. InterventionsTwo simulated mobile X-ray examinations were conducted in the unit prior to its commissioning; simulations were videoed. Participants and other stakeholders analysed video footage, collaboratively, and sessions were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically. Problems and potential solutions identified were collated and communicated to the hospital executive, for endorsement and actioning, if possible. ResultsFour themes were identified from the data: infection exposure risks, occupational health and exposure risks, communication and X-ray image quality. Facilitated group reviews of video footage identified several important issues, across these four areas of risk, which had not been identified previously. ConclusionsIn situ simulation is used, increasingly, to evaluate and improve healthcare practices. This study confirmed the added value of video-reflexive methods, which provided experienced participants with a richer view of a familiar protocol, in a new setting. Video footage can be examined immediately, or later if required, by a broader group of stakeholders, with diverse experience or expertise. Using video reflexivity, clinicians identified potential safety risks, which were collated and reported to the hospital executive, who agreed to implement modifications.
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13
Worry perception and its association with work conditions among healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based multimethod survey at a university hospital in Sweden
Alexiou, E., Wijk, H., Akerström, M., Jonsdottir, I. H., Degl Innocenti, A., Ahlstrom, L.
BMJ Open, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
ObjectivesIn this study, we explored healthcare workers’ (HCWs) worry perception and its association with their work situation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignA web-based multimethods survey including multiple choice and open-ended questions was used. SettingThe study was conducted at a university hospital in Sweden. ParticipantsAll HCWs who were working during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March–June 2020 were eligible. HCWs (n=6484, response rate=41%) from 69 departments fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and responded to the survey. Of them, we analysed data from the 3532 participants who replied to the open-ended questions (54% of the respondents). Main outcomes measuresWorry perception and its association with work conditions among HCWs. Results29% (n=1822) and 35% (n=2235) of the responding HCWs experienced a daily or more than daily strong worry of being infected or infecting others with SARS-CoV-2. This finding could be further confirmed and explored with themes from the qualitative results: ‘ambiguity of feeling safe and secure’, ‘being obliged to adapt to a new reality’ and ‘into the unknown’. The themes consisted of 6 main categories and 15 subcategories. The findings revealed that the two main drivers of worry perceived by HCWs were lack of personal protective equipment and fear of bringing the virus home to their families and friends. ConclusionsWorries of getting infected are common among HCWs during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Several factors are raised that plausibly could minimise the negative effects of worry among HCWs. Thus, effective preventive work plans should be created, promoted and communicated in order to minimise the effects of such crises and support HCWs. By focusing on effective communication and preparedness, including access to relevant protective equipment and providing general support to HCWs, the work environment and patient care could be sustained during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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14
Microbiome analysis reveals the inducing effect of Pseudomonas on prostatic hyperplasia via activating NF-κB signalling
Jiaren LiYouyou LiLiang ZhouHongming LiTengfei WanJin TangLei ZhouHui XieLong Wanga Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, Chinab Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
Virulence, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
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Intranasal B5 promotes mucosal defence against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae via ameliorating early immunosuppression
Jingsheng HuangWeichao KangDandan YiShuxin ZhuYifei XiangChengzhi LiuHan LiDejia DaiJieyu SuJiakang HeZhengmin LiangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
Virulence, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
16
Monkeypox virus infection of human astrocytes causes gasdermin B cleavage and pyroptosis
Hajar Miranzadeh MahabadiY. C. James LinNatacha S. OgandoEman W. MoussaNazanin MohammadzadehOliver JulienNeal M. AltoRyan S. NoyceDavid H. EvansChristopher PoweraDepartment of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5N 2S2, CanadabDepartment of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5N 2S2, CanadacDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5N 2S2, CanadadDepartment of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8816eLi Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T5N 2S2, Canada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
17
Metabolism of host lysophosphatidylcholine in Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes
Jiapeng LiuKatherine R. FikeChristie DapperMichael KlembaaDepartment of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
18
Structure and function of the Si3 insertion integrated into the trigger loop/helix of cyanobacterial RNA polymerase
M. Zuhaib QayyumMasahiko ImashimizuMiron LeancaRishi K. VishwakarmaAmber Riaz-BradleyYulia YuzenkovaKatsuhiko S. MurakamiaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Center for Structural Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802bCellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8565, JapancThe Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
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CFTR is required for zinc-mediated antibacterial defense in human macrophages
Kaustav Das GuptaJames E. B. CursonAbdullah A. TariqueRonan KapetanovicMark A. SchembriEmmanuelle FantinoPeter D. SlyMatthew J. SweetaInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliabAustralian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliacChild Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, AustraliadFriedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, BS 4058, SwitzerlandeInstitut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Nouzilly 37380, FrancefSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
20
US state vaccine mandates did not influence COVID-19 vaccination rates but reduced uptake of COVID-19 boosters and flu vaccines compared to bans on vaccine restrictions
Stephen A. RainsAdam S. RichardsaDepartment of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0025bDepartment of Communication Studies, Furman University, Greenville, SC 29613-1000
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
21
Circular RNAs from linear viral RNA genomes: A distinct dimension in the virus world
Eugene V. KooninaNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
22
Minimizing Low-value, Uncompensated Work in Academic Infectious Diseases: A Six Step Program
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Uncompensated work in academic infectious diseases (ID) may be high-value (e.g., important for academic promotion or necessary for advancement to leadership roles) or low-value (e.g., not aligning with or contributing to professional goals and aspirations). “Curbside” consultations, participation in hospital committees outside of professional interests, and other “citizenship” tasks are common examples of threats to our valuable time as ID providers. Herein, we define the scope of the problem of low-value uncompensated work in academic ID and outline a six-step program to minimize these threats. Collaboration with professional sponsors, such as division chiefs, to align individual and team goals and utilization of a “value vs. compensation” matrix to prioritize activities may help us establish our own agendas and reclaim our professional autonomy.
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23
Spatiotemporal Trends in Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis in the United States
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Background Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes an estimated 5.2 million outpatient visits for pharyngitis annually in the United States (U.S.) with incidence peaking in winter, but the annual spatiotemporal pattern of GAS pharyngitis across the U.S. is poorly characterized.Methods We used outpatient claims data from individuals with private medical insurance between 2010-2018 to quantify GAS pharyngitis visit rates across U.S. census regions, subregions, and states. We evaluated seasonal and age-based patterns of geographic spread and the association between school start dates and the summertime upward inflection in GAS visits.Results The South had the most visits per person (yearly average 39.11 visits per 1000 people, 95% CI: 36.21-42.01), and the West had the fewest (yearly average 17.63 visits per 1000 people, 95% CI: 16.76-18.49). Visits increased earliest in the South and in school-age children. Differences in visits between the South and other regions were most pronounced in the late summer through early winter. Visits peaked earliest in central southern states, in December to January, and latest on the coasts, in March. The onset of the rise in GAS pharyngitis visits correlated with, but preceded, average school start times.Conclusions The burden and timing of GAS pharyngitis varied across the continental U.S., with the South experiencing the highest overall rates and earliest onset and peak in outpatient visits. Understanding the drivers of these regional differences in GAS pharyngitis will help in identifying and targeting prevention measures.
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24
Hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma exhibits distinct intratumoral microbiota and immune microenvironment signatures
Yuanjie Liu, Elena S. Kim, Haitao Guo
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
25
On coming back, the scaring COVID‐19 concern. Addressing indoor microclimates with innovative and straightforward solutions to prevent SARS‐CoV2 spreading
Salvatore Chirumbolo, Umberto Tirelli
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
26
Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection and disease: A targeted literature summary
Marta del Pino, Alex Vorsters, Elmar A. Joura, John Doorbar, Marta Haniszewski, Irene Asensio Gudina, Petya Kodjamanova, Christine Velicer, Rosybel Drury
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
27
Progression of retinal choroidal neovascularization by latent human cytomegalovirus infection and immunological signaling among neonatal patients admitted to tertiary care hospital
Debsopan Roy, Aroni Chatterjee, Lopamudra Mishra, Nilanjan Chakraborty
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
28
A field diagnostic method for rapid and sensitive detection of mpox virus
Fei Zhao, Fengwen Xu, Xinming Wang, Rui Song, Yamei Hu, Liang Wei, Yu Xie, Yu Huang, Shan Mei, Liming Wang, Lingwa Wang, Zhao Gao, Li Guo, Jugao Fang, Lili Ren, Ronghua Jin, Jianwei Wang, Fei Guo
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
29
Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir‐ritonavir on severe outcomes of COVID‐19 in the era of vaccination and Omicron: An updated meta‐analysis
Sien Ombelet, Diego Castanares‐Zapatero, Fabian Desimpel, Frank Hulstaert, Sabine Stordeur, Dominique Roberfroid
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
30
The evolutionary phylodynamics of human parechovirus A type 3 reveal multiple recombination events in South Korea
Thoi C. Truong, Heekuk Park, Jong‐Hwa Kim, Van Trung Tran, Wonyong Kim
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
31
First RSV epidemic with nirsevimab. Older children than previous epidemics, even when hospitalized
Aymeric Cantais, Nadine Annino, Charlotte Thuiller, Louise Tripodi, Philippine Cesana, Eloise Seigle‐Ferrand, Franck Zekre, Sylvie Pillet, Bruno Pozzetto
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
32
A pleiotropic role of sialidase in the pathogenicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis
Christopher PhamShuaiqi GuoXiao HanLaurynn ColemanChing Wooen SzeHuizhi WangJun LiuChunhao Li1Department of Oral Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA2Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA3Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA, Marvin Whiteley
Infection and Immunity, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
33
Phage-antibiotic synergy against daptomycin-nonsusceptible MRSA in an ex vivo simulated endocardial pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model
Ashlan J. Kunz CoyneCallan BleickKyle StamperRazieh KebriaeiArnold S. BayerSusan M. LehmanMichael J. Rybak1Anti-Infective Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA2The Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA3The Lundquist Institution for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, USA4Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA5Department of Pharmacy Services, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA6Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA, Helen Boucher
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
34
A multi-species outbreak of VIM-producing carbapenem-resistant bacteria in a burn unit and subsequent investigation of rapid development of cefiderocol resistance
Jeffrey A. FreibergLili TaoCarmila ManuelLaura A. MikeGeorge E. NelsonBryan D. HarrisAmy J. MathersThomas R. TalbotEric P. SkaarRomney M. Humphries1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA2Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA3Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA4Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA5Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Ryan K. Shields
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
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Interspecies variability in protein binding of antibiotics basis for translational PK/PD studies—a case study using cefazolin
Hifza AhmedMichaela BöhmdorferSabine EberlWalter JägerMarkus Zeitlinger1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria2Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
36
Bactericidal and sterilizing activity of novel regimens combining bedaquiline or TBAJ-587 with GSK2556286 and TBA-7371 in a mouse model of tuberculosis
Si-Yang LiSandeep TyagiHeena SoniFabrice BetoudjiPaul J. ConverseKhisimuzi MdluliAnna M. UptonNader FotouhiDavid Barros-AguirreLluís BallellElena Jimenez-NavarroEric L. Nuermberger1Center for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA2TB Alliance: Global Alliance for Tuberculosis Drug Development, New York, New York, USA3Global Health Medicines R&D, GlaxoSmithKline R&D Limited, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
37
A phase 1 study in healthy volunteers to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of VIR-2482: a monoclonal antibody for the prevention of severe influenza A illness
David PlotnikJennifer E. SagerMadhukar AryalMarie C. FangetAlessia PeterMichael A. SchmidDeborah CebrikErik MogalianKeith BoundyWendy W. YehPaul GriffinMaribel Reyes1Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA2Humabs BioMed, SA, Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland3Mater Health and University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
38
Theorizing Pathways Between Eviction Filings and Increased Mortality Risk
Journal of the American Medical Association, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Evictions have become recognized as important social determinants of individual and community health, largely due to the revelatory work of Desmond in the past decade. During the COVID-19 pandemic, evictions became a major public health topic as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a federal moratorium on evictions that lasted from September 4, 2020, through August 26, 2021. The moratorium was instituted with the intention to limit COVID-19 transmission by preventing homelessness and overcrowded housing conditions. Many local and regional jurisdictions also issued their own eviction moratoria that overlapped and extended the federal moratorium beyond August 2021. The unique circumstances of these eviction moratoria provide opportunities to study ways that evictions and health are related.
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39
Excess Mortality Associated With Eviction During the Pandemic
Journal of the American Medical Association, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
This cohort study of renters who received eviction filings, similar renters who did not, and the general population across the study area compares rates of excess mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
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40
Missed Vaccine Doses Tied to Worse COVID-19 Outcomes
Journal of the American Medical Association, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
People in the UK who did not receive all the doses of the vaccine for which they were eligible had up to 4 times the risk of being hospitalized or dying from COVID-19 compared with those who were fully vaccinated, according to electronic health record data taken from the entire population aged 5 years or older. Rates of undervaccination ranged from about 33% to almost 50% across the UK, with the highest rates in Northern Ireland.
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41
Higher Out-of-Pocket Costs Might Lead People to Forgo HIV Prevention
Journal of the American Medical Association, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Even small increases in out-of-pocket costs for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a medication that can prevent people from being infected with HIV, could result in patients not filling their prescriptions, a recent study in Health Affairs projected.
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42
What the Latest Research Says About Paxlovid
Journal of the American Medical Association, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
This Medical News story examines the latest information about rebound, treatment eligibility, optimal dosing, and other questions related to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for treating COVID-19.
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43
Management of Candida auris
Journal of the American Medical Association, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
This JAMA Insights Clinical Update discusses the diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and infection-prevention measures for Candida auris.
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44
First evidence of a mother-to-child transmission of an HIV-1/MO intergroup recombinant form
Manon Vautrin, Fabienne Tombette, Vinca Icard, Marie Leoz, Mary-Anne Trabaud, Antoine Ouziel, Luc Panetta, Véronique Lemée, Jean Christophe Plantier, Alice Moisan
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
As described for many years, HIV-1 are divided into four groups: HIV-1/M (comprising several subtypes and recombinant forms), HIV-1/O (with two subgroups, H and T), HIV-1/N and HIV-1/P. Despite the strong genetic divergence between HIV-1/M and HIV-1/O, 19 HIV-1/MO unique recombinant forms (URF_MO) have been described in 23 patients, in Cameroun and France, since 1999. The conditions of their emergence remain unclear and various contexts have been described, including the in vivo emergence of an HIV-1/MO in an HIV-1/M+O dually infected patient [1] or the direct transmission of an HIV-1/MO, within a Cameroonian couple [2].
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45
The PEP++ study protocol: a cluster-randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of an enhanced regimen of post-exposure prophylaxis for close contacts of persons affected by leprosy to prevent disease transmission
BMC Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Background Leprosy is an infectious disease with a slow decline in global annual caseload in the past two decades. Active case finding and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with a single dose of rifampicin (SDR) are recommended by the World Health Organization as measures for leprosy elimination. However, more potent PEP regimens are needed to increase the effect in groups highest at risk (i.e., household members and blood relatives, especially of multibacillary patients). The PEP++ trial will assess the effectiveness of an enhanced preventive regimen against leprosy in high-endemic districts in India, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Nepal compared with SDR-PEP. Methods The PEP++ study is a cluster-randomised controlled trial in selected districts of India, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Sub-districts will be allocated randomly to the intervention and control arms. Leprosy patients detected from 2015 − 22 living in the districts will be approached to list their close contacts for enrolment in the study. All consenting participants will be screened for signs and symptoms of leprosy and tuberculosis (TB). In the intervention arm, eligible contacts receive the enhanced PEP++ regimen with three doses of rifampicin (150 − 600 mg) and clarithromycin (150 − 500 mg) administered at four-weekly intervals, whereas those in the control arm receive SDR-PEP. Follow-up screening for leprosy will be done for each individual two years after the final dose is administered. Cox’ proportion hazards analysis and Poisson regression will be used to compare the incidence rate ratios between the intervention and control areas as the primary study outcome. Discussion Past studies have shown that the level of SDR-PEP effectiveness is not uniform across contexts or in relation to leprosy patients. To address this, a number of recent trials are seeking to strengthen PEP regimens either through the use of new medications or by increasing the dosage of the existing ones. However, few studies focus on the impact of multiple doses of chemoprophylaxis using a combination of antibiotics. The PEP++ trial will investigate effectiveness of both an enhanced regimen and use geospatial analysis for PEP administration in the study communities. Trial registration NL7022 on the Dutch Trial Register on April 12, 2018. Protocol version 9.0 updated on 18 August 2022 https://www.onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/23060
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46
Fusobacterium nucleatum bacteremia complicated with intracranial Porphyromonas gingivalis and HSV-1 infection: a case report and literature review
BMC Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Background Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) belongs to the genus Fusobacterium, which is a gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacterium. Bacteremia associated with F. nucleatum is a serious complication, which is not common in clinic, especially when it is combined with other intracranial pathogenic microorganism infection. We reported for the first time a case of F. nucleatum bacteremia combined with intracranial Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) infection. Case presentation A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a headache for a week that worsened for 2 days. Combined with history, physical signs and examination, it was characterized as ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). F. nucleatum was detected in blood by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Meanwhile, P. gingivalis and HSV-1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were identified by metagenome next generation sequencing (mNGS). After a quick diagnosis and a combination of antibiotics and antiviral treatment, the patient recovered and was discharged. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of intracranial P. gingivalis and HSV-1 infection combined with F. nucleatum bacteremia.
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47
Evaluation of clinically relevant serum proteins as biomarkers for monitoring COVID-19 severity, and end-organ damage among hospitalized unvaccinated patients
BMC Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Background The extensive variability and conflicting information in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient data have made it difficult for the medical community to gain a comprehensive understanding and develop clear, reliable guidelines for managing COVID-19 cases. As the world uncovers the diverse side effects of the pandemic, the pursuit of knowledge about COVID-19 has become crucial. The present study aimed to evaluate some clinically relevant serum proteins, providing analysis of the obtained results to employ them in the diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring among COVID-19 patients. Methods Samples were collected from 262 COVID-19 unvaccinated hospitalized patients. Measurement of certain serum proteins, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D-dimer, procalcitonin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum creatinine (SCr), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) was done using standard methods. Statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data and the results were correlated to the severity and prognosis. Results The calculated Mortality rate was found to be 30% with a higher percentage observed among females. The results showed elevation in serum CRP, ferritin, D-dimer, and procalcitonin in most of the patients, also some patients had elevated SCr, ALT, and AST levels indicating end-organ damage. The statistical analysis displayed a strong correlation between serum levels of CRP and ferritin, between D-dimer and ferritin, and between ferritin and procalcitonin. No significant difference was observed between male and female patients’ serum levels of the tested serum proteins. A significant correlation between increased serum procalcitonin and mortality was observed. Conclusion The levels of measured serum proteins were impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serum ferritin, CRP, D-dimer, and procalcitonin are good predicting tools for end-organ damage and acute kidney impairment in COVID-19. Procalcitonin is a strong indicator of severity and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
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