Søgeord (encephalit) valgt.
24 emner vises.
1
A combined cross-sectional analysis and case-control study evaluating tick-borne encephalitis vaccination coverage, disease and vaccine effectiveness in children and adolescents, Switzerland, 2005 to 2022
Kyra D Zens, Ekkehardt Altpeter, Monica N Wymann, Annora Mack, Nora B Baer, Sarah R Haile, Robert Steffen, Jan S Fehr and Phung Lang
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
BackgroundTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a severe, vaccine-preventable viral infection of the central nervous system. Symptoms are generally milder in children and adolescents than in adults, though severe disease does occur. A better understanding of the disease burden and duration of vaccine-mediated protection is important for vaccination recommendations. AimTo estimate TBE vaccination coverage, disease severity and vaccine effectiveness (VE) among individuals aged 0–17 years in Switzerland. MethodsVaccination coverage between 2005 and 2022 was estimated using the Swiss National Vaccination Coverage Survey (SNVCS), a nationwide, repeated cross-sectional study assessing vaccine uptake. Incidence and severity of TBE between 2005 and 2022 were determined using data from the Swiss disease surveillance system and VE was calculated using a case–control analysis, matching TBE cases with SNVCS controls. ResultsOver the study period, vaccination coverage increased substantially, from 4.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1–5.5%) to 50.1% (95% CI: 48.3–52.0%). Reported clinical symptoms in TBE cases were similar irrespective of age. Neurological involvement was less likely in incompletely (1–2 doses) and completely (≥ 3 doses) vaccinated cases compared with unvaccinated ones. For incomplete vaccination, VE was 66.2% (95% CI: 42.3–80.2), whereas VE for complete vaccination was 90.8% (95% CI: 87.7–96.4). Vaccine effectiveness remained high, 83.9% (95% CI: 69.0–91.7) up to 10 years since last vaccination. ConclusionsEven children younger than 5 years can experience severe TBE. Incomplete and complete vaccination protect against neurological manifestations of the disease. Complete vaccination offers durable protection up to 10 years against TBE.
Læs mere
2
New and Improved Option for Detecting Neurologic Pathogens?
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
A new test appears to be better than current options for diagnosing pathogens that cause meningitis, encephalitis, and other neurologic infections. Medscape Medical News
Læs mere
3
Communicable disease threats report, 17-23 March 2024, week 12
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 17-23 March 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, hepatitis A, pertussis, invasive Group A streptococcal infection, chikungunya, dengue, poliomyelitis, western equine encephalitis and cholera.
Læs mere
4
Communicable disease threats report, 17-23 March 2024, week 12
ECDC
ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 17-23 March 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, hepatitis A, pertussis, invasive Group A streptococcal infection, chikungunya, dengue, poliomyelitis, western equine encephalitis and cholera.
Læs mere
5
Communicable disease threats report, 4-10 February 2024, week 6
ECDC
ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 4-10 February 2024 and includes updates on avian influenza, measles, MERS-CoV, COVID-19, swine influenza, respiratory virus epidemiology, Western equine encephalitis, Hepatitis E, and the Chinese New Year.
Læs mere
6
Communicable disease threats report, 4-10 February 2024, week 6
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 4-10 February 2024 and includes updates on avian influenza, measles, MERS-CoV, COVID-19, swine influenza, respiratory virus epidemiology, Western equine encephalitis, Hepatitis E, and the Chinese New Year.
Læs mere
7
Encephalitis in HIV-negative immunodeficient patients: a prospective multicentre study, France, 2016 to 2019
Sophie Landré, Florence Ader, Olivier Epaulard, Pierre Tattevin, Jean Paul Stahl, Alexandra Mailles and on behalf of the Steering committee and Investigators
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
BackgroundData on infectious encephalitis in immunodeficient (ID) individuals are scarce. This population may present with atypical clinical symptoms, be infected by uncommon pathogens and develop poor outcomes. AimWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of infectious encephalitis among HIV-negative ID patients. MethodsPatients from the ENCEIF (Etude Nationale de Cohorte des Encéphalites Infectieuses en France) prospective cohort meeting criteria for infectious encephalitis between January 2016 and December 2019 were included. We compared clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, biological results, infection causes and outcome of ID patients with immunocompetent (IC) patients using Pearson’s chi-squared test and Student’s t-test. We carried out logistic regression to assess the role of immunodeficiency as risk factor for poor outcome. ResultsID patients (n = 58) were older (mean 72 vs 59 years), had higher prevalence of diabetes (26% vs 12%), pre-existing neurological disorders (12% vs 5%) and higher case-fatality rate (23.6% vs 5.6%) compared to IC patients (n = 436). Varicella zoster virus was the primary cause of encephalitis in ID patients (this aetiology was more frequent in ID (25.9%) than in IC patients (11.5%)), with herpes simplex virus second (22.4% in ID patients vs 27.3% in IC patients). Immunodeficiency was an independent risk factor for death or major sequelae (odds ratio: 3.41, 95%CI: 1.70–6.85). ConclusionsVaricella zoster virus is the most frequent cause of infectious encephalitis in ID patients. Immunodeficiency is a major risk factor for poor outcome. ID encephalitis patients should benefit from stringent investigation of cause and early empiric treatment.
Læs mere
8
Communicable disease threats report, 31 December 2023 - 6 January 2024, week 1
ECDC
ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report, 5.02.2024
Tilføjet 5.02.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 December 2023-6 January 2024 and includes updates on Avian influenza A(H5N6 and H9N2), SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, Western Equine Encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.
Læs mere
9
Communicable disease threats report, 31 December 2023 - 6 January 2024, week 1
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 5.02.2024
Tilføjet 5.02.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 December 2023-6 January 2024 and includes updates on Avian influenza A(H5N6 and H9N2), SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, Western Equine Encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.
Læs mere
10
Communicable disease threats report, 28 January - 3 February 2024, week 5
ECDC
ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report, 3.02.2024
Tilføjet 3.02.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 28 January - 3 February 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, swine influenza, human cases of co-infection with seasonal influenza and avian influenza, influenza, western equine encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.
Læs mere
11
Communicable disease threats report, 28 January - 3 February 2024, week 5
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 28 January - 3 February 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, swine influenza, human cases of co-infection with seasonal influenza and avian influenza, influenza, western equine encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.
Læs mere
12
Seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus and vaccination coverage of tick-borne encephalitis, Sweden, 2018 to 2019
Bo Albinsson, Tove Hoffman, Linda Kolstad, Tomas Bergström, Gordana Bogdanovic, Anna Heydecke, Mirja Hägg, Torbjörn Kjerstadius, Ylva Lindroth, Annika Petersson, Marie Stenberg, Sirkka Vene, Patrik Ellström, Bengt Rönnberg and Åke Lundkvist
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
BackgroundIn Sweden, information on seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in the population, including vaccination coverage and infection, is scattered. This is largely due to the absence of a national tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccination registry, scarcity of previous serological studies and use of serological methods not distinguishing between antibodies induced by vaccination and infection. Furthermore, the number of notified TBE cases in Sweden has continued to increase in recent years despite increased vaccination. AimThe aim was to estimate the TBEV seroprevalence in Sweden. MethodsIn 2018 and 2019, 2,700 serum samples from blood donors in nine Swedish regions were analysed using a serological method that can distinguish antibodies induced by vaccination from antibodies elicited by infection. The regions were chosen to reflect differences in notified TBE incidence. ResultsThe overall seroprevalence varied from 9.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6–13.6%) to 64.0% (95% CI: 58.3–69.4%) between regions. The proportion of vaccinated individuals ranged from 8.7% (95% CI: 5.8–12.6) to 57.0% (95% CI: 51.2–62.6) and of infected from 1.0% (95% CI: 0.2–3.0) to 7.0% (95% CI: 4.5–10.7). Thus, more than 160,000 and 1,600,000 individuals could have been infected by TBEV and vaccinated against TBE, respectively. The mean manifestation index was 3.1%. ConclusionA difference was observed between low- and high-incidence TBE regions, on the overall TBEV seroprevalence and when separated into vaccinated and infected individuals. The estimated incidence and manifestation index argue that a large proportion of TBEV infections are not diagnosed.
Læs mere
13
Communicable disease threats report, 31-6 January 2024, week 1
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31-6 January 2024 and includes updates on Avian influenza A(H5N6 and H9N2), SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, Western Equine Encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.
Læs mere
14
Communicable disease threats report, 31-6 January 2024, week 1
ECDC
ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31-6 January 2024 and includes updates on Avian influenza A(H5N6 and H9N2), SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, Western Equine Encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.
Læs mere
15
Ecological and clinical evidence of the establishment of West Nile virus in a large urban area in Europe, Berlin, Germany, 2021 to 2022
Claudia Ruscher, Corinna Patzina-Mehling, Julia Melchert, Selina L Graff, Sarah E McFarland, Christian Hieke, Anne Kopp, Anita Prasser, Torsten Tonn, Michael Schmidt, Caroline Isner, Christian Drosten, Dirk Werber, Victor M Corman and Sandra Junglen
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 1.12.2023
Tilføjet 1.12.2023
Background West Nile virus (WNV), found in Berlin in birds since 2018 and humans since 2019, is a mosquito-borne virus that can manifest in humans as West Nile fever (WNF) or neuroinvasive disease (WNND). However, human WNV infections and associated disease are likely underdiagnosed. Aim We aimed to identify and genetically characterise WNV infections in humans and mosquitoes in Berlin. Methods We investigated acute WNV infection cases reported to the State Office for Health and Social Affairs Berlin in 2021 and analysed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with encephalitis of unknown aetiology (n = 489) for the presence of WNV. Mosquitoes were trapped at identified potential exposure sites of cases and examined for WNV infection. Results West Nile virus was isolated and sequenced from a blood donor with WNF, a symptomatic patient with WNND and a WNND case retrospectively identified from testing CSF. All cases occurred in 2021 and had no history of travel 14 days prior to symptom onset (incubation period of the disease). We detected WNV in Culex pipiens mosquitoes sampled at the exposure site of one case in 2021, and in 2022. Genome analyses revealed a monophyletic Berlin-specific virus clade in which two enzootic mosquito-associated variants can be delineated based on tree topology and presence of single nucleotide variants. Both variants have highly identical counterparts in human cases indicating local acquisition of infection. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that autochthonous WNV lineage 2 infections occurred in Berlin and the virus has established an endemic maintenance cycle.
Læs mere
16
RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS: Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
ACIP recommendations for use of the TBE vaccine among U.S. travelers and laboratory workers.
Læs mere
17
Ecological and environmental factors affecting the risk of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe, 2017 to 2021
Francesca Dagostin, Valentina Tagliapietra, Giovanni Marini, Claudia Cataldo, Maria Bellenghi, Scilla Pizzarelli, Rosaria Rosanna Cammarano, William Wint, Neil S Alexander, Markus Neteler, Julia Haas, Timothée Dub, Luca Busani and Annapaola Rizzoli
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 20.10.2023
Tilføjet 20.10.2023
BackgroundTick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a disease which can lead to severe neurological symptoms, caused by the TBE virus (TBEV). The natural transmission cycle occurs in foci and involves ticks as vectors and several key hosts that act as reservoirs and amplifiers of the infection spread. Recently, the incidence of TBE in Europe has been rising in both endemic and new regions. AimIn this study we want to provide comprehensive understanding of the main ecological and environmental factors that affect TBE spread across Europe. MethodsWe searched available literature on covariates linked with the circulation of TBEV in Europe. We then assessed the best predictors for TBE incidence in 11 European countries by means of statistical regression, using data on human infections provided by the European Surveillance System (TESSy), averaged between 2017 and 2021. ResultsWe retrieved data from 62 full-text articles and identified 31 different covariates associated with TBE occurrence. Finally, we selected eight variables from the best model, including factors linked to vegetation cover, climate, and the presence of tick hosts. DiscussionThe existing literature is heterogeneous, both in study design and covariate types. Here, we summarised and statistically validated the covariates affecting the variability of TBEV across Europe. The analysis of the factors enhancing disease emergence is a fundamental step towards the identification of potential hotspots of viral circulation. Hence, our results can support modelling efforts to estimate the risk of TBEV infections and help decision-makers implement surveillance and prevention campaigns.
Læs mere
18
Epidemiology of common infectious diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bavaria, Germany, 2016 to 2021: an analysis of routine surveillance data
Sarah van de Berg, Tanja Charles, Achim Dörre, Katharina Katz and Stefanie Böhm
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 13.10.2023
Tilføjet 13.10.2023
BackgroundUnprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic also had an effect on other infectious diseases. AimWe aimed to determine their impact on transmission and diagnosis of notifiable diseases other than COVID-19 in Bavaria, Germany, in 2020 and 2021. MethodsWe compared weekly cases of 15 notifiable infectious diseases recorded in Bavaria between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2021 in time series analyses, median age and time-to-diagnosis using Wilcoxon rank sum test and hospitalisation rates using univariable logistic regression during three time periods: pre-pandemic (weeks 1 2016–9 2020), pandemic years 1 (weeks 10–52 2020) and 2 (2021). ResultsWeekly case numbers decreased in pandemic year 1 for all diseases assessed except influenza, Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis; markedly for norovirus gastroenteritis (IRR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.12–0.20) and pertussis (IRR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.18–0.26). In pandemic year 2, influenza (IRR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02–0.09) and pertussis (IRR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.09–0.14) decreased markedly, but also chickenpox, dengue fever, Haemophilus influenzae invasive infection, hepatitis C, legionellosis, noro- and rotavirus gastroenteritis and salmonellosis. For enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections, median age decreased in pandemic years 1 and 2 (4 years, interquartile range (IQR): 1–32 and 3 years, IQR: 1–18 vs 11 years, IQR: 2–42); hospitalisation proportions increased in pandemic year 1 (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.08–2.34). ConclusionReductions for various infectious diseases and changes in case characteristics in 2020 and 2021 indicate reduced transmission of notifiable diseases other than COVID-19 due to interventions and under-detection.
Læs mere
19
Epidemiology, surveillance and diagnosis of Usutu virus infection in the EU/EEA, 2012 to 2021
Giorgia Angeloni, Michela Bertola, Elena Lazzaro, Matteo Morini, Giulia Masi, Alessandro Sinigaglia, Marta Trevisan, Céline M. Gossner, Joana M. Haussig, Tamas Bakonyi, Gioia Capelli and Luisa Barzon
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
BackgroundUsutu virus (USUV) is a flavivirus with an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes; humans are incidental dead-end hosts. In Europe, the virus was first detected in Italy in 1996; since then, it has spread to many European countries. AimWe aimed to report on the epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis and prevention of USUV infection in humans, mosquitoes and other animals in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) from 2012 to 2021. MethodsWe collected information through a literature review, an online survey and an expert meeting. ResultsEight countries reported USUV infection in humans (105 cases, including 11 with neurological symptoms), 15 countries in birds and seven in mosquitoes. Infected animals were also found among pets, wild and zoo animals. Usutu virus was detected primarily in Culex pipiens but also in six other mosquito species. Detection of USUV infection in humans is notifiable only in Italy, where it is under surveillance since 2017 and now integrated with surveillance in animals in a One Health approach. Several countries include USUV infection in the differential diagnosis of viral encephalitis and arbovirus infections. Animal USUV infection is not notifiable in any EU/EEA country. ConclusionHuman USUV infections, mainly asymptomatic and, less frequently, with a febrile illness or a neuroinvasive disease, have been reported in several EU/EEA countries, where the virus is endemic. Climate and environmental changes are expected to affect the epidemiology of USUV. A One Health approach could improve the monitoring of its evolution in Europe.
Læs mere
20
Seroprevalence for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus antibodies and associated risk factors among forestry workers in northern France, 2019 to 2020
Alexandra Septfons, Emma Rigaud, Laetitia Bénézet, Aurelie Velay, Laurence Zilliox, Lisa Baldinger, Gaëlle Gonzalez, Julie Figoni, Henriette de Valk, Gaëtan Deffontaines, Jean Claude Desenclos and Benoit Jaulhac
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 11.08.2023
Tilføjet 11.08.2023
BackgroundLyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick-borne disease (TBD) in France. Forestry workers are at high risk of TBD because of frequent exposure to tick bites. AimWe aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) antibodies among forestry workers in northern France. We compared seroprevalence by geographical area and assessed factors associated with seropositivity. MethodsBetween 2019 and 2020, we conducted a randomised cross-sectional seroprevalence survey. Borrelia burgdorferi sl seropositivity was defined as positive ELISA and positive or equivocal result in western blot. Seropositivity for TBEV was defined as positive result from two ELISA tests, confirmed by serum neutralisation. We calculated weighted seroprevalence and adjusted prevalence ratios to determine association between potential risk factors and seropositivity. ResultsA total of 1,778 forestry workers participated. Seroprevalence for B. burgdorferi sl was 15.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.9–17.3), 3.5 times higher in the eastern regions than in the western and increased with seniority and with weekly time in a forest environment. Seroprevalence was 2.5 times higher in forestry workers reporting a tick bite during past years and reporting usually not removing ticks rapidly. Seroprevalence for TBEV was 0.14% (95% CI: 0.05–0.42). ConclusionWe assessed for the first time seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi sl and TBEV antibodies among forestry workers in northern France. These results will be used, together with data on LB and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence and on exposure to tick-bites, to target prevention programmes.
Læs mere
21
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Cases Increasing in France
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 24.07.2023
Tilføjet 24.07.2023
Most cases were traced to known areas of risk within the country. Medscape Medical News
Læs mere
22
PRO/AH/EDR> Lyme disease - Latvia: Borrelia-positive ticks
ProMED, 28.05.2023
Tilføjet 28.05.2023
Lyme Disease -- LatviaMore than 20% of the ticks analyzed in all Latvian laboratories have been tested positive for Lyme _Borrelia_ [bacteria] this year [2023]. _Borrelia_ can cause Lyme disease against which there are no vaccines. The other dangerous tick-borne illness -- encephalitis -- has only been found in a few ticks, Latvian Television reported on 26 May 2023.At the Latvian Infectology Center, encephalitis has not been detected at all this year [2023], but 26% of the tested ticks have shown _Borrelia_.
Læs mere
23
PRO/AH/EDR> Murray Valley encephalitis - Australia (09): (NT)
ProMED, 13.05.2023
Tilføjet 13.05.2023
Murray Valley encephalitis -- AustraliaA toddler has tragically died after contracting a mosquito-borne virus which has health authorities on edge. The infant from the Big Rivers region 200 km [124 mi] south of Darwin became infected with Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) after being bitten by a mosquito earlier this month, the NT Health Department said on Thursday [11 May 2023].The horror virus endemic to Northern Australia and Papua New Guinea can cause a rare deadly brain infection. There are 3 others who have also died in
Læs mere
24
PRO/AH/EDR> Japanese encephalitis - Taiwan: (KH)
ProMED, 12.05.2023
Tilføjet 12.05.2023
Japanese Encephalitis -- ChinaThe Taiwan Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced today [10 May 2023] the 1st confirmed case of Japanese encephalitis this year [2023] in the country.The patient is a man in his 50s from Luzhu District, Kaohsiung City.He developed headache and loss of appetite on 1 May 2023. Symptoms such as trembling and inability to move prompted him be sent to the hospital for treatment. On 4 May 2023, due to symptoms such as persistent fever, delirium, and unconsciousness, he
Læs mere