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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (corona) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
302 emner vises.
Knudsen, Andreas D.; Eskelund, Christian Winther; Benfield, Thomas; Zhao, Yanan; Gelpi, Marco; Køber, Lars; Trøseid, Marius; Kofoed, Klaus F.; Ostrowski, Sisse R.; Reilly, Cavan; Borges, Álvaro H.; Grønbæk, Kirsten; Nielsen, Susanne D.
AIDS, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been associated with older age, inflammation and with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to characterize the burden of CHIP, and to explore the association between CHIP, inflammatory markers, and CAD in older persons living with HIV (PLWH). Methods: From the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection (COCOMO) study, we included 190 individuals older than 55 years of age. We defined CHIP as variant allele fraction ≥ 2%. CAD was categorized according to the most severe coronary artery lesion on coronary CT angiography as 1) no coronary atherosclerosis; 2) any atherosclerosis defined as ≥1% stenosis, and 3) obstructive CAD defined as ≥50% stenosis. Results: In the entire population (median age 66 years, 87% men), we identified a total of 62 mutations distributed among 49 (26%) participants. The three most mutated genes were DNMT3A, TET2, and ASXL1, accounting for 49%, 25%, and 16% of mutations, respectively. Age and sex were the only variables associated with CHIP. IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, soluble CD14, soluble CD163 and TNF-α were not associated with CHIP and CHIP was not associated with any atherosclerosis or with obstructive CAD in adjusted analyses. Conclusions: In older, well-treated, Scandinavian PLWH, more than one in four had at least one CHIP mutation. We did not find evidence of an association between CHIP and inflammatory markers or between CHIP and CAD. CHIP is an unlikely underlying mechanism to explain the association between inflammation and CAD in treated HIV disease. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPius, R. E., Ajuluchukwu, J. N., Roberts, A. A.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
IntroductionPhysician burn-out was an issue before the pandemic. Medical personnel have faced several clinical and non-clinical challenges because of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which predisposes them to burn-out. There is a paucity of studies that shed light on the level of burn-out and its association with work-related factors for Nigerian medical doctors. This study aims to examine the level of burn-out among Nigerian medical doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore possible associations between burn-out and sociodemographic, work-related and COVID-19-related factors. MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted among 251 medical doctors in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic history, work-associated factors, COVID-19-related parameters and burn-out history. Personal, work-related and patient-related burn-out were evaluated with the use of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. ResultsThe number of doctors enrolled in this study was 251 with a median age of 34; 51.4% were males. The percentage of doctors who had personal, work-related and patient-related burn-out were 62.2%, 52.2 % and 27.5%, respectively. The univariate analysis revealed a correlation between burn-out scores and cadre, age, sex, years of experience, marital status, weekly work hours and number of calls. After multiple regression, female gender (p=0.012), those with less than 6 years of work experience (p=0.004) and those working for at least 71 hours in a week (p=0.0001) remained correlated with higher burn-out scores. Additionally, physicians who had a person with COVID-19 in their immediate environment had an independent correlation with higher work-related burn-out scores (p=0.043). ConclusionThe prevalence of burn-out is high among Nigerian doctors and is linked to some sociodemographic, work-related and COVID-19-related factors. Due to the adverse effects of burn-out on physician well-being and patient care, strategies need to be put in place to identify and mitigate burn-out among Nigerian physicians.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCatherine Offord
Science, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
Kathryn W. Hendrickson, Ramona O. Hopkins, Danielle L. Groat, Stephanie C. Stokes, Fiona M. Schroeder, Jorie M. Butler, Eliotte L. Hirshberg
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
by Kathryn W. Hendrickson, Ramona O. Hopkins, Danielle L. Groat, Stephanie C. Stokes, Fiona M. Schroeder, Jorie M. Butler, Eliotte L. Hirshberg Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (SARS-CoV-2,) caused an influx of patients with acute disease characterized by a variety of symptoms termed COVID-19 disease, with some patients going on to develop post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Individual factors like sex or coping styles are associated with a person’s disease experience and quality of life. Individual differences in coping styles used to manage COVID-19 related stress correlate with physical and mental health outcomes. Our study sought to understand the relationship between COVID-19 symptoms, severity of acute disease, and coping profiles. Methods An online survey to assess symptoms, functional status, and recovery in a large group of patients was nationally distributed online. The survey asked about symptoms, course of illness, and included the Brief-COPE and the adapted Social Relationship Inventory. We used descriptive and cluster analyses to characterize patterns of survey responses. Results 976 patients were included in the analysis. The most common symptoms reported by the patients were fatigue (72%), cough (71%), body aches/joint pain (66%), headache (62%), and fever/chills (62%). 284 participants reported PACS. We described three different coping profiles: outward, inward, and dynamic copers. Discussion Fatigue, cough, and body aches/joint pains were the most frequently reported symptoms. PACS patients were sicker, more likely to have been hospitalized. Of the three coping profiles, outward copers were more likely to be admitted to the hospital and had the healthiest coping strategies. Dynamic copers activated several coping strategies both positive and negative; they were also younger and more likely to report PACS. Conclusion Cough, fatigue, and body aches/joint pain are common and most important to patients with acute COVID-19, while shortness of breath defined the experience for patients with PACS. Of the three coping profiles, dynamic copers were more likely to report PACS. Additional investigations into coping profiles in general, and the experience of COVID-19 and PACS is needed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMateus Silva Chang, Isamu Yamamoto
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
by Mateus Silva Chang, Isamu Yamamoto This paper estimated the impact of intervention effects (state of emergency (SOE) or quasi-SOE requirements) and information effects (publicized increases in the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths and fear of infection) on preventive behaviors and telecommuting during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Japan Household Panel Survey. Our results indicated that SOEs and quasi-SOEs had positive effects on the adoption of preventive behaviors among individuals, including handwashing, which indicates that an SOE has a direct effect and an indirect effect. Although SOEs in Japan were less enforceable and more lenient than those in other countries, they still had a certain effect on people’s adoption of preventive behaviors. However, the contribution of information effects was much larger than that of intervention effects, suggesting the importance of how and when information should be communicated to the public to prevent the spread of infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 19.11.2023
Tilføjet 19.11.2023
AbstractCOVID-19 is an acute respiratory disorder that is caused by SARS-CoV-2, in which excessive systemic inflammation is associated with adverse patient clinical outcomes. Here, we observed elevated expression levels of NLRP12 (nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat–containing receptor 12) in human peripheral monocytes and lung tissue during infection with SARS-CoV-2. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that NLRP12 directly interacted with the M protein through its leucine-rich repeat domain. Moreover, in vitro studies demonstrated that NLRP12 interacted with TRAF3 and promoted its ubiquitination and degradation, which counteracted the inhibitory effect of TRAF3 on the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, an in vivo study revealed that NLRP12 knockout mice displayed attenuated tissue injury and ameliorated inflammatory responses in the lungs when infected with a SARS-CoV-2 M protein–reconstituted pseudovirus and mouse coronavirus. Taken together, these findings suggest that NLRP12 mediates the inflammatory responses during coronavirus infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThi Thanh Ngan Nguyen, Ee Mei Choo, Yukio Nakamura, Ryuji Suzuki, Takashi Shiina, Tadasu Shin-I, Mizuki Fukuta, Co Thach Nguyen, Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen, Le Khanh Hang Nguyen, Vu Mai Phuong Hoang, Kouichi Morita, Duc Anh Dang, Futoshi Hasebe, Thi Quynh Mai Le, Meng Ling Moi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
SARS-CoV-2 transmission and epidemic potential has been associated with population’ immunity levels [1]–[6]. Prior to the emergence of newer variants of concern (VOC), COVID-19 incidence and number of deaths in Vietnam were substantially lower than those in Southeast Asia, and the country had ranked as one of the best in terms of its COVID-19 response. The low rates of infection until 2020 have been attributed to successful movement control orders (MCOs) restricting movement within national and international borders in Vietnam.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Strange are the opportunities that presented themselves and where the path led during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It all began when I was at a National Institutes of Health (NIH) study section on 5–6 March 2020 in Washington, DC, expecting to fly to Boston for the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) when a Friday email announced the cancellation of in-person attendance at the conference (wisely). I had been looking forward to CROI, having worked for weeks to get visa appointments for two Ugandan scientists to travel to CROI to present their cryptococcal meningitis abstracts. My team makes an effort always to present cryptococcal abstracts at CROI so that people do not forget that opportunistic infections still exist worldwide. In March 2020, we were excited to have just launched a phase 2 trial to test oral amphotericin B formulation for cryptococcal meningitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYing Li, Zhiyong Wu, Yi Yan, Yue Shi, Jiaming Huang, Hui Du, Qing Du, Yang Li, Yaxin Lin, Di Liu, Xiaoxia Lu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first reported in Wuhan, is a public health emergency of international concern [1]. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been implemented at the individual, environmental, community, and country levels to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 [2]. Meanwhile, it is generally accepted that NPIs also have broad effects on other respiratory viruses and can modify the epidemiological features of respiratory viruses [3-6].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Post-COVID-19-Syndrome (PCS) frequently occurs after an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the understanding of causative mechanisms is still limited. Aim of this study was to determine the PCS rate among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive blood donors as representatives of supposedly healthy adults, who had experienced an asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease course, and to examine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is reactivated in individuals reporting PCS. Methods The PCS rate was determined using questionnaires that included questions about infection and persistent symptoms. Pre-pandemic blood samples and samples collected at regular, pre-defined times after a SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed for neopterin, a marker for antiviral immune responses, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we determined the rate of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N total antibodies using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect EBV DNA and ECLIA screening for EBV viral capsid-antigen (VCA) IgM, IgG and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA) IgG were performed. Results Our data reveal that 18% of all infections result in PCS, with symptoms lasting for up to one year. In individuals reporting PCS, no elevated levels of neopterin were detected, indicating no persisting pro-inflammatory, antiviral immune response. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were declining in all participants in comparable manner over time, pointing to a successful virus clearance. In individuals with PCS, no EBV DNA could be detected. Furthermore, no differences in EBV specific antibody levels could be shown in PCS groups compared to non-PCS groups. Conclusion Our data suggest that PCS in per se healthy, immunocompetent adults cannot be ascribed to a reactivation of EBV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhilip Ball
Lancet, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
It is hardly surprising that viruses do not have a good press. The very name is derived from the Latin word for a poisonous and perhaps slimy substance. In a medical context, the word originally connoted a putrid excrescence caused by an infectious disease that could transmit the disease to others. The image of viruses as agents apt to spread and cause suffering has been secured in recent times by lethal influenza strains, HIV, and now of course SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that stopped the world.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRaya Al-Bataineh, Mohammed Al-Hammouri, Wafa’a Al-Jaraideh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Raya Al-Bataineh, Mohammed Al-Hammouri, Wafa’a Al-Jaraideh Background The catastrophe caused by the Coronavirus disease has affected all services worldwide. A range of policies were introduced to slow the virus spread, which in turn, affected the accessibility and quality of healthcare services. This was a problematic and concerning for patients with chronic diseases, such as patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), due to their sustained need for ongoing health care. The aims of the study were: 1) assessing the level of both accessibility and quality of healthcare services during the Covid-19 pandemic from the DM and CRD patients’ perspectives, 2) assessing the association between the patients’ socio-demographics and their perspectives on health services accessibility and quality, and 3) exploring the perspectives of DM and CRD patients on barriers and facilitators of health services accessibility and quality during the era of COVID -19. Method Design. A sequential explanatory mixed-method was used in this study. In the quantitative part, a self -administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 300 patients with DM and/or CRD. In the qualitative part, focus group approach was used to collect data from 25 patients.Setting. Public, private and teaching hospitals were involved.Analysis. SPSS Version 25 was used to analyze the quantitative data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results The quantitative findings indicated that almost 99% of the participating patients perceived barriers, ranging from low to high, to accessing health services during COVID-19. Additionally, more than half of the sample perceived low to moderate level of quality of health services. Four themes and nine subthemes related to barriers and facilitators were identified in the qualitative part of the study. Conclusion The study revealed that both quality and accessibility of healthcare services for DM and CRD patients were impacted during the era of COVID -19. The findings lay the ground for developing future health programs and establishing or revising policies with the goal of improving healthcare services quality and accessibility for the target population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKosuke Ishizuka, Taiju Miyagami, Tomoya Tsuchida, Mizue Saita, Yoshiyuki Ohira, Toshio Naito
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Kosuke Ishizuka, Taiju Miyagami, Tomoya Tsuchida, Mizue Saita, Yoshiyuki Ohira, Toshio Naito Prolonged symptoms that occur after COVID-19 (long-COVID) vary from mild, which do not interfere with daily life, to severe, which require long-term social support. This study assessed the secular trend in online searches on long-COVID in Japan. We conducted an observational study using data provided by Yahoo! JAPAN on the monthly search volume of query terms related to long-COVID from January 2020 to December 2022, including the search volume of the query “コロナ後遺症” (long-COVID in Japanese). The number of new cases of COVID-19 by month was used as a control for search trends, and the symptoms retrieved in conjunction with long-COVID were compared. Trends in online searches for each symptom of long-COVID were analyzed. The symptoms of long-COVID were classified according to “Component 1—Symptoms and Complaints” of the International Classification of Primary Care, 2nd edition (ICPC-2). Interest in long-COVID increased in response to peaks in the number of new cases of COVID-19 in Japan. The most frequent symptom searches with long-COVID were hair loss/baldness (3,530, 21,400, and 33,600 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively), cough (340, 7,900 and 138,910 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively), disturbance of smell/taste (230, 13,340, and 44,160 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively), and headache (580, 6,180, and 42,870 searches in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively). In addition, the ranking of interest in “weakness/tiredness, general” in long-COVID increased each year (not in the top 10 in 2020, seventh in 2021, and second in 2022), and the absolute number of searches also increased. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate secular trends in online interest in long-COVID in the world. Continued monitoring of online interest in long-COVID is necessary to prepare for a possible increase in the number of patients with long-COVID.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAgneta Siegbahn, Niclas Eriksson, Erika Assarsson, Martin Lundberg, Andrea Ballagi, Claes Held, Ralph A. H. Stewart, Harvey D. White, Mikael Åberg, Lars Wallentin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
by Agneta Siegbahn, Niclas Eriksson, Erika Assarsson, Martin Lundberg, Andrea Ballagi, Claes Held, Ralph A. H. Stewart, Harvey D. White, Mikael Åberg, Lars Wallentin Background Treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a substantial burden to healthcare systems worldwide. New tools are needed to improve precision of treatment by optimizing the balance between efficacy, safety, and cost. We developed a high-throughput multi-marker decision support instrument which simultaneously quantifies proteins associated with CVD. Methods and findings Candidate proteins independently associated with different clinical outcomes were selected from clinical studies by the screening of 368 circulating biomarkers. We then custom-designed a quantitative PEA-panel with 21 proteins (CVD-21) by including recombinant antigens as calibrator samples for normalization and absolute quantification of the proteins. The utility of the CVD-21 tool was evaluated in plasma samples from a case-control cohort of 4224 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) using multivariable Cox regression analyses and machine learning techniques. The assays in the CVD-21 tool gave good precision and high sensitivity with lower level of determination (LOD) between 0.03–0.7 pg/ml for five of the biomarkers. The dynamic range for the assays was sufficient to accurately quantify the biomarkers in the validation study except for troponin I, which in the modeling was replaced by high-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT). We created seven different multimarker models, including a reference model with NT-proBNP, hs-TnT, GDF-15, IL-6, and cystatin C and one model with only clinical variables, for the comparison of the discriminative value of the CVD-21 tool. All models with biomarkers including hs-TnT provided similar discrimination for all outcomes, e.g. c-index between 0.68–0.86 and outperformed models using only clinical variables. Most important prognostic biomarkers were MMP-12, U-PAR, REN, VEGF-D, FGF-23, TFF3, ADM, and SCF. Conclusions The CVD-21 tool is the very first instrument which with PEA simultaneously quantifies 21 proteins with associations to different CVD. Novel pathophysiologic and prognostic information beyond that of established biomarkers were identified by a number of proteins.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the clinical impact and outcome of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on children with cancer or who received a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Study DesignThe Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP) performed a nationwide, multicenter, observational cohort study, including consecutive patients between April 2020 to November 2022.ResultsTwenty-five Italian centers participated and 455 patients were enrolled. We reported a significative increasing trend of symptomatic cases over the years, while the number of non-mild infections remained stable. An early infection after the oncological diagnosis (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 13.11.2023
Tilføjet 13.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Sternal osteomyelitis is a major complication of cardiac operations performed through median sternotomy. The surgical treatment, which involves the debridement and removal of whole infected and necrotic tissue is the standard of care, although it is sometimes unachievable. This may occur, for instance, when the infectious-inflammatory process invades the anterior mediastinum and tenaciously incorporates one or more of vital anatomical structures. Methods and results An inoperable case of postoperative sternal osteomyelitis that involved the right ventricle and the right coronary artery, and that was successfully treated using a nonsurgical multidisciplinary approach, is reported here. Conclusion For highly selected patients with sternal osteomyelitis for whom surgery is a too risky option, an approach including the contribution of various specialists might be a viable way out.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAsra Fazlollahi; Mahdi Zahmatyar; Ali Shamekh; Alireza Motamedi; Fatemeh Seyedi; Homa Seyedmirzaei; Seyed Ehsan Mousavi; Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi; Mark J. M. Sullman; Ali‐Asghar Kolahi; Shahnam Arshi; Saeid Safiri;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
A number of different neurological complications have been reported following vaccination against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the modalities used to evaluate the neurological complications of diseases. The aim of the present study was to identify the EEG changes in participants vaccinated against COVID‐19. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were searched up to 1 September 2022, with terms related to COVID‐19 vaccines, EEG, neurological signs/symptoms, or neurological disorders. All case reports and case series were included if the participants had received at least one dose of a COVID‐19 vaccine and a post vaccination EEG report was also reported. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for case reports and case series to appraise the methodological quality of the included studies. Thirty‐one studies were included, which were comprised of 24 case reports and seven case series and a total of 36 participants. Generalised slowing and non‐convulsive focal status epilepticus were the most common EEG findings post‐COVID‐19 vaccination. The most frequent symptoms were headache, fatigue, generalised weakness, and vomiting. In addition, the most common signs were encephalopathy, post‐ictal phases, and confusion. Encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and post‐vaccinal encephalopathy were the most commonly diagnosed adverse events. Furthermore, most of the imaging studies appeared normal. The EEG reports mainly showed background slowing and epileptiform discharges, encephalitis, encephalopathies, and demyelinating disorders. Future studies with larger samples and more vaccine types may help to further unravel the potential neurological effects of COVID‐19 vaccinations on recipients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChang‐tai Zhu; Jian‐Yun Yin; Xiao‐hua Chen; Ming Liu; Shi‐gui Yang;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
This study aimed to clarify the beneficial effect and the clinical application value of Paxlovid in the treatment of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) through a systematic review. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, and were systematically searched for interventional or observational studies on the efficacy and safety of Paxlovid in the treatment of SARS‐COV‐2. The relative and absolute effect sizes for the outcomes were calculated based on the data reported in the original intervention literature. The external applicability of the evidence was analysed in terms of clinical application scenarios, patient willingness, and cost utility. One interventional and three observational studies were conducted. Four studies published in 2022, had participation sample sizes ranging 1780–109,254. Based on the randomised controlled trial data, the risk of all‐cause mortality, all‐cause death, and hospitalisation was significantly reduced in the Paxlovid group. Serious adverse events were reduced during the study. Based on observational studies, Paxlovid can significantly reduce the risk of death and hospitalisation in older patients with COVID‐19 (moderate certainty) and improve in‐hospital disease progression, composite disease progression, and viral load (low certainty). Paxlovid did not improve the outcomes of death and hospitalisation (low certainty) in patients aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShivani Malvankar; Anjali Singh; Y. S. Ravi Kumar; Swetangini Sahu; Megha Shah; Yamini Murghai; Mahendra Seervi; Rupesh K. Srivastava; Bhupendra Verma;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) emerged in December 2019, causing a range of respiratory infections from mild to severe. This resulted in the ongoing global COVID‐19 pandemic, which has had a significant impact on public health. The World Health Organization declared COVID‐19 as a global pandemic in March 2020. Viruses are intracellular pathogens that rely on the host\'s machinery to establish a successful infection. They exploit the gene expression machinery of host cells to facilitate their own replication. Gaining a better understanding of gene expression modulation in SARS‐CoV2 is crucial for designing and developing effective antiviral strategies. Efforts are currently underway to understand the molecular‐level interaction between the host and the pathogen. In this review, we describe how SARS‐CoV2 infection modulates gene expression by interfering with cellular processes, including transcription, post‐transcription, translation, post‐translation, epigenetic modifications as well as processing and degradation pathways. Additionally, we emphasise the therapeutic implications of these findings in the development of new therapies to treat SARS‐CoV2 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLawler, Patrick R.; Manvelian, Garen; Coppi, Alida; Damask, Amy; Cantor, Michael N.; Ferreira, Manuel A. R.; Paulding, Charles; Banerjee, Nilanjana; Li, Dadong; Jorgensen, Susan; Attre, Richa; Carey, David J.; Krebs, Kristi; Milani, Lili; Hveem, Kristian; Damås, Jan K.; Solligård, Erik; Stender, Stefan; Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne; Nordestgaard, Børge G.; Hernandez-Beeftink, Tamara; Rogne, Tormod; Flores, Carlos; Villar, Jesús; Walley, Keith R.; Liu, Vincent X.; Fohner, Alison E.; Lotta, Luca A.; Kyratsous, Christos A.; Sleeman, Mark W.; Scemama, Michel; DelGizzi, Richard; Pordy, Robert; Horowitz, Julie E.; Baras, Aris; Martin, Greg S.; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Schwartz, Gregory G.; Szarek, Michael; Goodman, Shaun G.
Critical Care Explorations, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
OBJECTIVES: Treatments that prevent sepsis complications are needed. Circulating lipid and protein assemblies—lipoproteins play critical roles in clearing pathogens from the bloodstream. We investigated whether early inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) may accelerate bloodstream clearance of immunogenic bacterial lipids and improve sepsis outcomes. DESIGN: Genetic and clinical epidemiology, and experimental models. SETTING: Human genetics cohorts, secondary analysis of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial enrolling patients with cardiovascular disease (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab [ODYSSEY OUTCOMES]; NCT01663402), and experimental murine models of sepsis. PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS: Nine human cohorts with sepsis (total n = 12,514) were assessed for an association between sepsis mortality and PCSK9 loss-of-function (LOF) variants. Incident or fatal sepsis rates were evaluated among 18,884 participants in a post hoc analysis of ODYSSEY OUTCOMES. C57BI/6J mice were used in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia sepsis models, and in lipopolysaccharide-induced animal models. INTERVENTIONS: Observational human cohort studies used genetic PCSK9 LOF variants as instrumental variables. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES participants were randomized to alirocumab or placebo. Mice were administered alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, at 5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg subcutaneously, or isotype-matched control, 48 hours prior to the induction of bacterial sepsis. Mice did not receive other treatments for sepsis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Across human cohort studies, the effect estimate for 28-day mortality after sepsis diagnosis associated with genetic PCSK9 LOF was odds ratio = 0.86 (95% CI, 0.67–1.10; p = 0.24). A significant association was present in antibiotic-treated patients. In ODYSSEY OUTCOMES, sepsis frequency and mortality were infrequent and did not significantly differ by group, although both were numerically lower with alirocumab vs. placebo (relative risk of death from sepsis for alirocumab vs. placebo, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.32–1.20; p = 0.15). Mice treated with alirocumab had lower endotoxin levels and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: PCSK9 inhibition may improve clinical outcomes in sepsis in preventive, pretreatment settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPeng Wang, Jinliang Huang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
by Peng Wang, Jinliang Huang The outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly influenced daily life, necessitating the understanding of the relationship between the epidemic’s progression and population dynamics. In this study, we present a data-driven framework that integrates GIS-based data mining technology and a Susceptible, Exposed, Infected and Recovered (SEIR) model. This approach helps delineate population dynamics at the grid and community scales and analyze the impacts of government policies, urban functional areas, and intercity flows on population dynamics during the pandemic. Xiamen Island was selected as a case study to validate the effectiveness of the data-driven framework. The results of the high/low cluster analysis provide 99% certainty (P < 0.01) that the population distribution between January 23 and March 16, 2020, was not random, a phenomenon referred to as high-value clustering. The SEIR model predicts that a ten-day delay in implementing a lockdown policy during an epidemic can lead to a significant increase in the number of individuals infected by the virus. Throughout the epidemic prevention and control period (January 23 to February 21, 2020), residential and transportation areas housed more residents. After the resumption of regular activities, the population was mainly concentrated in residential, industrial, and transportation, as well as road facility areas. Notably, the migration patterns into and out of Xiamen were primarily centered on neighboring cities both before and after the outbreak. However, migration indices from cities outside the affected province drastically decreased and approached zero following the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings offer new insights into the interplay between the epidemic’s development and population dynamics, which enhances the prevention and control of the coronavirus epidemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Sternal osteomyelitis is a major complication of cardiac operations performed through median sternotomy. The surgical treatment, which involves the debridement and removal of whole infected and necrotic tissue is the standard of care, although it is sometimes unachievable. This may occur, for instance, when the infectious-inflammatory process invades the anterior mediastinum and tenaciously incorporates one or more of vital anatomical structures. Methods and results An inoperable case of postoperative sternal osteomyelitis that involved the right ventricle and the right coronary artery, and that was successfully treated using a nonsurgical multidisciplinary approach, is reported here. Conclusion For highly selected patients with sternal osteomyelitis for whom surgery is a too risky option, an approach including the contribution of various specialists might be a viable way out.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWonderful T. Choga, Gobuiwang Khilly Kurusa (Gasenna), James Emmanuel San, Tidimalo Ookame, Irene Gobe, Mohammed Chand, Badisa Phafane, Kedumetse Seru, Patience Matshosi, Boitumelo Zuze, Nokuthula Ndlovu, Teko Matsuru, Dorcas Maruapula, Ontlametse T. Bareng, Kutlo Macheke, Lesego Kuate-Lere, Labapotswe Tlale, Onalethata Lesetedi, Modiri Tau, Mpaphi B. Mbulawa, Pamela Smith-Lawrence, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Roger Shapiro, Joseph Makhema, Darren P. Martin, Tulio de Oliveira, Richard J. Lessells, Shahin Lockman, Simani Gaseitsiwe, Sikhulile Moyo
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Immune responses within the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vary. Typically the virus is cleared within 2 weeks of infection but immunocompromised individuals can have prolonged infections[1, 2]. Weak immune systems increase infection risk and post-COVID-19 clinical sequelae, even post-vaccination[3]. Prolonged infections may facilitate viral evolution, including the evolution of immune-evasive viral variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta and Gamma may have originated within the context of long-term infections in immunocompromised individuals[4-6].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBoczar, K. E., Shin, S., deKemp, R. A., Dowlatshahi, D., Tavoosi, A., Wiefels, C., Liu, P., Lochnan, H., MacPherson, P. A., Chong, A. Y., Torres, C., Leung, E., Tawakol, A., Ahmadi, A., Garrard, L., Lefebvre, C., Kelly, C., MacPhee, P., Tilokee, E., Raggi, P., Wells, G. A., Beanlands, R.
BMJ Open, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
BackgroundInflammation is a key mediator in the development and progression of the atherosclerotic disease process as well as its resultant complications, like myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and cardiovascular (CV) death, and is emerging as a novel treatment target. Trials involving anti-inflammatory medications have demonstrated outcome benefit in patients with known CV disease. In this regard, colchicine appears to hold great promise. However, there are potential drawbacks to colchicine use, as some studies have identified an increased risk of infection, and a non-significant trend for increased all-cause mortality. Thus, a more thorough understanding of the underlying mechanism of action of colchicine is needed to enable a better patient selection for this novel CV therapy. ObjectiveThe primary objective of the Canadian Study of Arterial Inflammation in Patients with Diabetes and Recent Vascular Events, Evaluation of Colchicine Effectiveness (CADENCE) trial is to assess the effect of colchicine on vascular inflammation in the carotid arteries and ascending aorta measured with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or pre-diabetes who have experienced a recent vascular event (acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/MI, transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke). Secondary objectives include determining colchicine’s effect on inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)). Additionally, we will assess if baseline inflammation imaging or biomarkers are associated with a treatment response to colchicine determined by imaging. Exploratory objectives will look at: (1) the difference in the inflammatory response to colchicine in patients with coronary events compared with patients with cerebral events; (2) the difference in the inflammatory response to colchicine in different vascular beds; (3) the relationship of FDG-PET imaging markers with serum biomarkers and (4) assessment of quality-of-life changes. Methods and designCADENCE is a multicentre, prospective, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study to determine the effect of colchicine on arterial inflammation as assessed with imaging and circulatory biomarkers, specifically carotid arteries and aortic FDG uptake as well as hs-CRP and IL-6 among others. Patients with T2DM or pre-diabetes who have recently experienced a CV event (within 30–120 days after an ACS (ie, ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or non-STEMI)) or TIA/stroke with documented large vessel atherosclerotic disease will be randomised to treatment with either colchicine 0.6 mg oral daily or placebo. Participants will undergo baseline clinical evaluation including EQ5D assessment, blood work for inflammatory markers and FDG PET/CT scan of the ascending aorta and left and right carotid arteries. Patients will undergo treatment for 6 months and have repeat clinical evaluation including EQ5D assessment, blood work for inflammatory markers and FDG PET/CT scan at the conclusion of the study. The primary outcome will be the change in the maximum target to background ratio (TBRmax) in the ascending aorta (or carotid arteries) from baseline to follow-up on FDG PET/CT imaging. DiscussionColchicine is an exciting potential new therapy for CV risk reduction. However, its use is associated with side effects and greater understanding of its underlying mechanism of action is needed. Importantly, the current study will determine whether its anti-inflammatory action is an indirect systemic effect, or a more local plaque action that decreases inflammation. The results will also help identify patients who will benefit most from such therapy. Trial registration numberNCT04181996.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShankar Iyer
Trends in Microbiology, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
This year marks the 30th anniversary of Trends in Microbiology (TiM). Since the 25th anniversary milestone, the field of microbiology has undergone a tectonic shift brought about by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The research, grant application, publication, and overall scientific communication landscapes have rapidly changed and adapted to new developments. The year 2022 saw the emergence of several cases of monkeypox in various countries where the disease is not endemic. Alongside this, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis remains a significant public threat calling for methods of surveillance and the need for urgent action.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Abstract We present a case of an ultimately fatal course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) in an 81-year-old female patient during the Omicron surge. The patient did not represent the typical patient at risk for severe COVID-19 with significant causes of immunodeficiency. However, she had been skeptical about the vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and had refused it. Moreover, there had been no previous COVID-19 episodes. Our case report illustrates that with regard to SARS-CoV-2, immunologically naive patients are still at risk for severe and/or even fatal courses of COVID-19. We call to implement both, recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations as well as for antiviral treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLeonie K. Dallmeyer, Marit L. Schüz, Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Jimmy Omony, Hanna Krumbein, Dimitra Dimopoulou, Konstantina Dimopoulou, Chrysanthi Skevaki
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic.[1] To prevent further spread of the virus many countries introduced public health measures such as closure of educational institutions, mandatory quarantine, stay-at-home restrictions and personal protective equipment like face masks.[2] Due to similar transmission routes, it seems plausible to assume that these measures also influenced the spread and distribution of other viruses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Given the widespread prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), oral and neck examinations tend to be avoided in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. This might delay the diagnosis of conditions such as Lemierre’s syndrome, which involves symptoms resembling COVID-19-related throat manifestations. Case presentation A 24-year-old man without any underlying conditions was diagnosed with COVID-19 7 days before presentation. He was admitted to another hospital 1 day before presentation with severe COVID-19 and suspected bacterial pneumonia; accordingly, he was started on treatment with remdesivir and meropenem. Owing to bacteremic complications, the patient was transferred to our hospital for intensive care. On the sixth day, the patient experienced hemoptysis; further, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed new pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms. Successful embolization was performed to achieve hemostasis. In blood cultures conducted at the previous hospital, Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated, suggesting a cervical origin of the infection. A neck CT scan confirmed a peritonsillar abscess and left internal jugular vein thrombus; accordingly, he was diagnosed with Lemierre’s syndrome. The treatment was switched to ampicillin/sulbactam, based on the drug susceptibility results. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patient completely recovered without complications. Conclusion This case highlights the significance of thorough oral and neck examinations in patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 for the detection of throat and neck symptoms caused by other conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Given the widespread prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), oral and neck examinations tend to be avoided in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. This might delay the diagnosis of conditions such as Lemierre’s syndrome, which involves symptoms resembling COVID-19-related throat manifestations. Case presentation A 24-year-old man without any underlying conditions was diagnosed with COVID-19 7 days before presentation. He was admitted to another hospital 1 day before presentation with severe COVID-19 and suspected bacterial pneumonia; accordingly, he was started on treatment with remdesivir and meropenem. Owing to bacteremic complications, the patient was transferred to our hospital for intensive care. On the sixth day, the patient experienced hemoptysis; further, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed new pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms. Successful embolization was performed to achieve hemostasis. In blood cultures conducted at the previous hospital, Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated, suggesting a cervical origin of the infection. A neck CT scan confirmed a peritonsillar abscess and left internal jugular vein thrombus; accordingly, he was diagnosed with Lemierre’s syndrome. The treatment was switched to ampicillin/sulbactam, based on the drug susceptibility results. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patient completely recovered without complications. Conclusion This case highlights the significance of thorough oral and neck examinations in patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 for the detection of throat and neck symptoms caused by other conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGrapin, Kévin; De Bauchene, Romain; Bonnet, Benjamin; Mirand, Audrey; Cassagnes, Lucie; Calvet, Laure; Thouy, François; Bouzgarrou, Radhia; Henquell, Cécile; Evrard, Bertrand; Adda, Mireille; Souweine, Bertrand; Dupuis, Claire
Critical Care Medicine, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Background: Inconsistent results from COVID-19 studies raise the issue of patient heterogeneity. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify homogeneous subgroups of patients (clusters) using baseline characteristics including inflammatory biomarkers and the extent of lung parenchymal lesions on CT, and to compare their outcomes. Design: Retrospective single-center study. Setting: Medical ICU of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France. Patients: All consecutive adult patients aged greater than or equal to 18 years, admitted between March 20, 2020, and August 31, 2021, for COVID-19 pneumonia. Interventions: Characteristics at baseline, during ICU stay, and outcomes at day 60 were recorded. On the chest CT performed at admission the extent of lung parenchyma lesions was established by artificial intelligence software. Measurements and Main Results: Clusters were determined by hierarchical clustering on principal components using principal component analysis of admission characteristics including plasma interleukin-6, human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR expression rate on blood monocytes (HLA-DR) monocytic-expression rate (mHLA-DR), and the extent of lung parenchymal lesions. Factors associated with day 60 mortality were investigated by univariate survival analysis. Two hundred seventy patients were included. Four clusters were identified and three were fully described. Cluster 1 (obese patients, with moderate hypoxemia, moderate extent of lung parenchymal lesions, no inflammation, and no down-regulation of mHLA-DR) had a better prognosis at day 60 (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.27 [0.15–0.46], p < 0.01), whereas cluster 2 (older patients with comorbidities, moderate extent of lung parenchyma lesions but significant hypoxemia, inflammation, and down-regulation of mHLA-DR) and cluster 3 (patients with severe parenchymal disease, hypoxemia, inflammatory reaction, and down-regulation of mHLA-DR) had an increased risk of mortality (HR = 2.07 [1.37–3.13], p < 0.01 and HR = 1.52 [1–2.32], p = 0.05, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only clusters 1 and 2 were independently associated with day 60 death. Conclusions: Three clusters with distinct characteristics and outcomes were identified. Such clusters could facilitate the identification of targeted populations for the next trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
One night in September 2020, I sat atop my mattress engrossed in work when a buzz from my phone broke the silence. I answered to a gruff male voice who swiftly dove into a conversation about my recent appearance before the House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Crisis, where I had discussed the implementation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) precautions to safeguard the upcoming presidential election. He accused me of being politically oriented and blamed me for policies he deemed responsible for the pandemic\'s death toll. He went on to disparage my identity and background and threatened to file a complaint to the medical board. Although the precise details of his tirade have faded, his parting words remain with me even 3 years later: “I hope you die.”
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNabin K. Shrestha, Patrick C. Burke, Amy S. Nowacki, Steven M. Gordon
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
by Nabin K. Shrestha, Patrick C. Burke, Amy S. Nowacki, Steven M. Gordon Background The CDC recently defined being “up-to-date” on COVID-19 vaccination as having received at least one dose of a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of COVID-19 among those “up-to-date” and “not up-to-date”. Methods Employees of Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, USA, in employment when the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine first became available, and still employed when the XBB lineages became dominant, were included. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 since the XBB lineages became dominant was compared across the”up-to-date” and “not up-to-date” states, by treating COVID-19 bivalent vaccination as a time-dependent covariate whose value changed on receipt of the vaccine. Risk of COVID-19 by vaccination status was also evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for propensity to get tested for COVID-19, age, sex, most recent prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and number of prior vaccine doses. Results COVID-19 occurred in 1475 (3%) of 48 344 employees during the 100-day study period. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was lower in the “not up-to-date” than the “up-to-date” state. On multivariable analysis, being “up-to-date” was not associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (HR, 1.05; 95% C.I., 0.88–1.25; P-value, 0.58). Results were very similar when those 65 years and older were only considered “up-to-date” after 2 doses of the bivalent vaccine. Conclusions Since the XBB lineages became dominant, adults “up-to-date” on COVID-19 vaccination by the CDC definition do not have a lower risk of COVID-19 than those “not up-to-date”, bringing into question the value of this risk classification definition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImoro Nasiratu, Lilian Belole Pencille, Nelisiwe Khuzwayo, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
by Imoro Nasiratu, Lilian Belole Pencille, Nelisiwe Khuzwayo, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang Background Although the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination rollout has been accepted by the population of the Ga North Municipality, a substantial proportion has developed hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination uptake. This study determined the predictors of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among persons aged 18 years and above in the Ga North Municipality using the Health Belief Model. Methods The study used a cross-sectional study design. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from a multistage sample of 388 respondents. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake at the level of 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results Vaccination uptake was 72.2%. The odds of COVID-19 vaccination uptake were higher among men than women [AOR = 2.02, 95% Cl: 1.13–3.20] and among singles than the married [AOR = 1.90, 95% Cl: 1.07–3.36], but lower among Muslims than Christians [AOR = 0.33, 95%Cl: 0.18–0.60]. Perceived susceptibility [AOR = 2.43, 95% Cl: 1.36–4.35], perceived barriers [AOR = 0.54, 95%Cl: 0.31–0.95], cues to action [AOR = 2.23, 95% Cl: 1.19–4.21] and self-efficacy [AOR = 3.23 95% Cl: 1.82–5.71] were the significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Conclusion The uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in GA North Municipality is high. Health promotion interventions should focus on increasing perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, minimising barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake, and promoting cues and self-confidence for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. It should also target women, the married, and Muslims.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Given the widespread prevalence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), oral and neck examinations tend to be avoided in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. This might delay the diagnosis of conditions such as Lemierre’s syndrome, which involves symptoms resembling COVID-19-related throat manifestations. Case presentation A 24-year-old man without any underlying conditions was diagnosed with COVID-19 7 days before presentation. He was admitted to another hospital 1 day before presentation with severe COVID-19 and suspected bacterial pneumonia; accordingly, he was started on treatment with remdesivir and meropenem. Owing to bacteremic complications, the patient was transferred to our hospital for intensive care. On the sixth day, the patient experienced hemoptysis; further, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed new pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms. Successful embolization was performed to achieve hemostasis. In blood cultures conducted at the previous hospital, Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated, suggesting a cervical origin of the infection. A neck CT scan confirmed a peritonsillar abscess and left internal jugular vein thrombus; accordingly, he was diagnosed with Lemierre’s syndrome. The treatment was switched to ampicillin/sulbactam, based on the drug susceptibility results. After 6 weeks of treatment, the patient completely recovered without complications. Conclusion This case highlights the significance of thorough oral and neck examinations in patients with suspected or diagnosed COVID-19 for the detection of throat and neck symptoms caused by other conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract We present a case of an ultimately fatal course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) in an 81-year-old female patient during the Omicron surge. The patient did not represent the typical patient at risk for severe COVID-19 with significant causes of immunodeficiency. However, she had been skeptical about the vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and had refused it. Moreover, there had been no previous COVID-19 episodes. Our case report illustrates that with regard to SARS-CoV-2, immunologically naive patients are still at risk for severe and/or even fatal courses of COVID-19. We call to implement both, recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations as well as for antiviral treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIrene (Tai-Lin) Lee, Po-Jen Lin, Ho-Hsian Yen
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Since March 2020, there have been more than 770 million confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19) infection, according to the World Health Organization [1]. SARS-CoV-2 infection usually leads to milder symptoms in children, but about 34% develop a unique life-threatening condition known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS), Systemic inflammatory syndrome in COVID-19 (SISCoV), and COVID-19-associated Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome (Kawa-COVID-19) 4-6 weeks after infection [2–4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYujie Sun; Wen Liu; Bing Luo;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a membrane‐bound mitochondrial enzyme that maintains the steady state of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines in biological systems through catalytic oxidation and deamination. MAO dysfunction is closely related to human neurological and psychiatric diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between MAO and viral infections in humans. This review summarises current research on how viral infections participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases through MAO. The viruses discussed in this review include hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. This review also describes the effects of MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine, clorgyline, selegiline, M‐30, and isatin on viral infectious diseases. This information will not only help us to better understand the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of viruses but will also provide new insights into the treatment and diagnosis of these viral diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHaokun Tian; Changsen Yang; Tiangang Song; Kechen Zhou; Lequan Wen; Ye Tian; Lirui Tang; Weikai Xu; Xinyuan Zhang;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Our study is aimed to access the efficacy and safety outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients treated with Paxlovid. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, databases were used to retrieve articles from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2023. Article screening, quality evaluation and data extraction were completed and cross‐checked. The meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted using RevMan, StataMP, and TSA software. A total of 42 original articles were included. Overall meta‐analysis results showed that for death, hospitalisation, death or hospitalisation, emergency department (ED) visit, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and extra oxygen requirement outcomes, every odds ratio (OR) was 0.05. For adverse events (AEs) outcome, the OR was >1 and
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSetegn Eshetie; Pastor Jullian; Beben Benyamin; S. Hong Lee;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, identified SNPs are inconsistent across studies, and there is no compelling consensus that COVID‐19 status is determined by genetic factors. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effect of genetic factors on COVID‐19. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) of SNP effects, and SNP‐based heritability (SNP‐h) of COVID‐19. The analyses were performed using meta‐R package, and Stata version 17. The meta‐analysis included a total of 96,817 COVID‐19 cases and 6,414,916 negative controls. The meta‐analysis showed that a cluster of highly correlated 9 SNPs ( > 0.9) at 3p21.31 gene locus covering and genes was significantly associated with COVID‐19 severity, with a pooled OR of 1.8 [1.5–2.0]. Meanwhile, another 3 SNPs (rs2531743‐G, rs2271616‐T, and rs73062389‐A) within the locus was associated with COVID‐19 susceptibility, with pooled estimates of 0.95 [0.93–0.96], 1.23 [1.19–1.27] and 1.15 [1.13–1.17], respectively. Interestingly, SNPs associated with susceptibility and SNPs associated with severity in this locus are in linkage equilibrium (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWaqar Ahmad; Bushra Gull; Jasmin Baby; Neena G. Panicker; Thanumol A. Khader; Shaima Akhlaq; Tahir A. Rizvi; Farah Mustafa;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is responsible for coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) that infected more than 760 million people worldwide with over 6.8 million deaths to date. COVID‐19 is one of the most challenging diseases of our times due to the nature of its spread, its effect on multiple organs, and an inability to predict disease prognosis, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to death. Upon infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 alters the host immune response by changing host‐transcriptional machinery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression that can be perturbed by invading viruses. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported such dysregulation of host miRNA expression upon SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Some of this could occur as an anti‐viral response of the host to the viral infection. Viruses themselves can counteract that response by mounting their own pro‐viral response that facilitates virus infection, an aspect which may cause pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs could serve as possible disease biomarkers in infected people. In the current review, we have summarised and analysed the existing data about miRNA dysregulation in patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 to determine their concordance between studies, and identified those that could serve as potential biomarkers during infection, disease progression, and death, even in people with other co‐morbidities. Having such biomarkers can be vital in not only predicting COVID‐19 prognosis, but also the development of novel miRNA‐based anti‐virals and therapeutics which can become invaluable in case of the emergence of new viral variants with pandemic potential in the future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMelika AmeliMojarad; Mandana AmeliMojarad;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a global pandemic in 2020 with high patient mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome which is possibly induced by a Cytokine release syndrome and more specifically through an interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) booster. Currently, IL‐6/IL‐6R inhibitors indicated an effective function in reducing the inflammatory markers in severe COVID‐19 patients. In this comprehensively narrative review, we searched online academic databases including (Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Pub Med), the relevant literature was extracted from the databases by using search terms of COVID‐19, IL‐6, and IL6 inhibitor as free‐text words and also with the combination with OR/AND to summarise the latest discoveries on the inhibitors of IL‐6 and its receptor\'s especially focussing on the role of natural product, Naringin (NAR) as a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, with considerable anti‐inflammatory and antiviral properties in COVID‐19 treatments. Our data Therefore in comparison with other synthetic monoclonal antibodies NAR may provide a good qualification for the development of novel anti‐inflammatory agents, especially against Covid 19 based on recent studies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlireza Mohebbi; Habib Haybar; Fatemeh Nakhaei Moghaddam; Zahra Rasti; Mohammad Amin Vahid; Najmaldin Saki;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Numerous studies have linked coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with endothelial dysfunction and reported elevated levels of endothelial biomarkers in this disease. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the published evidence in this respect. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Scopus databases was performed to find studies investigating biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in COVID‐19 patients. Pooled standardized mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each biomarker using random effect model. 74 studies with 7668 patients were included. In comparison to patients with good outcome, those with poor outcome had higher levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) (SMD: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.59–1.07,
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMárcio Antonio Ferreira Arantes Junior; Ana Flávia Conegundes; Bárbara Castello Branco Miranda; Alexia Stenner Rodrigues Radicchi Campos; Ana Luiza França Vieira; Matheus Daniel Faleiro; Marco Antônio Campos; Erna Geessien Kroon; Aline Almeida Bentes;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
According to the World Health Organisation, as of October 2022, there have been 55,560,329 reported cases of SARS‐COV‐2 in patients under 19 years old. It is estimated that about 0.06% of these patients may develop MIS‐C, representing more than 2 million children worldwide. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examined the pooled prevalence of cardiovascular manifestation and cardiac complications in children hospitalised with MIS‐C. The PROSPERO register number is CRD42022327212. We included case‐report studies, case‐control studies, cohort studies, and cross‐sectional studies, as well as clinical trials or studies describing cardiac manifestations of MIS‐C and its sequelae in a paediatric population. Initially, 285 studies were selected, but there were 154 duplicates, and 81 were excluded because they did not fit the eligibility criteria. Thus, 50 studies were selected for review, and 30 were included in the meta‐analysis. A total sample size of 1445 children was included. The combined prevalence of myocarditis or pericarditis was 34.3% (95% CI: 25.0%–44.2%). The combined prevalence for echocardiogram anomalies was 40.8% (95% CI: 30.5%–51.5%), that of Kawasaki disease presentation was 14.8% (95% CI: 7.5%–23.7%), and that of coronary dilation was 15.2% (95% CI: 11.0%–19.8%). The rate of electrocardiogram anomalies was 5.3% (95% CI: 0.8%–12.3%), and the mortality rate was 0.5% (CI 95%: 0%–1.2%). Furthermore, 186 children still had complications at discharge, with a combined prevalence of such long‐lasting manifestations of 9.3% (95% CI: 5.6%–13.7%). Studies that assess whether these children will have an increased cardiovascular risk with a greater chance of acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, or thrombosis will be essential for healthcare planning.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedArman Shafiee; Mohammad Mobin Teymouri Athar; Mohammad Javad Amini; Hamed Hajishah; Sepehr Siahvoshi; Mehrsa Jalali; Bahar Jahanbakhshi; Sayed‐Hamidreza Mozhgani;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
To provide a comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis regarding the cumulative incidence (incidence proportion) of human herpesvirus (HHV) reactivation among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE up to 25 September 2022, with no language restrictions. All interventional and observational studies enrolling patients with confirmed COVID‐19 and providing data regarding HHV reactivation were included. The random‐effects model was used in the meta‐analyses. We included information from 32 studies. HHV reactivation was considered a positive polymerase chain reaction result taken at the time of COVID‐19 infection. Most of the included patients were severe COVID‐19 cases. The pooled cumulative incidence estimate was 38% (95% Confidence Intervals [CI], 28%–50%, = 86%) for herpes simplex virus (HSV), 19% (95% CI, 13%–28%, = 87%) for cytomegalovirus (CMV), 45% (95% CI, 28%–63%, = 96%) for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), 18% (95% CI, 8%–35%) for human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6), 44% (95% CI, 32%–56%) for human herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7), and 19% (95% CI, 14%–26%) for human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8). There was no evidence of funnel plot asymmetry based on visual inspection and Egger\'s regression test for the results of HSV ( = 0.84), CMV ( = 0.82), and EBV ( = 0.27) reactivation. In conclusion, the identification of HHV reactivation in severe COVID‐19 patients is helpful in the management of patients as well as the prevention of complications. Further research is required to elucidate the interaction between HHVs and COVID‐19. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42022321973.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHan Li; Chelsea‐Jane Arcalas; Junmin Song; Masoud Rahmati; Seoyeon Park; Ai Koyanagi; Seung Won Lee; Dong Keon Yon; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the predominant variant behind the surges of COVID‐19 in the United States, Europe, and India in the second half of 2021. The information available regarding the defining mutations and their effects on the structure, transmission, and vaccine efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 is constantly evolving. With waning vaccine immunity and relaxation of social distancing policies across the globe driving the increased spread of the Delta variant, there is a great need for a resource aggregating the most recent information for clinicians and researchers concerning the Delta variant. Accordingly, this narrative review comprehensively reviews the genetics, structure, epidemiology, clinical course, and vaccine efficacy of the Delta variant. Comparison with the omicron variant is also discussed. The Delta variant is defined by 15 mutations in the Spike protein, most of which increase affinity for the ACE‐2 receptor or enhance immune escape. The Delta variant causes similar symptoms to prototypical COVID‐19, but it is more likely to be severe, with a greater inflammatory phenotype and viral load. The reproduction number is estimated to be approximately twice the prototypical strains present during the early pandemic, and numerous breakthrough infections have been reported. Despite studies demonstrating breakthrough infection and reduced antibody neutralisation, full vaccination effectively reduces the likelihood of severe illness and hospitalisation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFaezeh Maghsood; Ahmad Ghorbani; Hamidreza Yadegari; Forough Golsaz‐Shirazi; Mohammad Mehdi Amiri; Fazel Shokri;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is transmitted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and has affected millions of people all around the world, leading to more than 6.5 million deaths. The nucleocapsid (N) phosphoprotein plays important roles in modulating viral replication and transcription, virus‐infected cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and regulation of host innate immunity. As an immunodominant protein, N protein induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses in COVID‐19 patients, making it a key marker for studying N‐specific B cell and T cell responses and the development of diagnostic serological assays and efficient vaccines. In this review, we focus on the structural and functional features and the kinetic and epitope mapping of B cell and T cell responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 N protein to extend our understanding on the development of sensitive and specific diagnostic immunological tests and effective vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhilipp Niklas Ostermann; Heiner Schaal;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). In less than three years, an estimated 600 million infections with SARS‐CoV‐2 occurred worldwide, resulting in a pandemic with tremendous impact especially on economic and health sectors. Initially considered a respiratory disease, COVID‐19, along with its long‐term sequelae (long‐COVID) rather is a systemic disease. Neurological symptoms like dementia or encephalopathy were reported early during the pandemic as concomitants of the acute phase and as characteristics of long‐COVID. An excessive inflammatory immune response is hypothesized to play a major role in this context. However, direct infection of neural cells may also contribute to the neurological aspects of (long)‐COVID‐19. To mainly explore such direct effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the central nervous system, human brain organoids provide a useful platform. Infecting these three‐dimensional tissue cultures allows the study of viral neurotropism as well as of virus‐induced effects on single cells or even the complex cellular network within the organoid. In this review, we summarize the experimental studies that used SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected human brain organoids to unravel the complex nature of (long)‐COVID‐19‐related neurological manifestations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRoy Wu; Mohsin Mumtaz; Anna J. Maxwell; Sonia R. Isaacs; Jutta E. Laiho; William D. Rawlinson; Heikki Hyöty; Maria E. Craig; Ki Wook Kim;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Among the environmental factors associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), viral infections of the gut and pancreas has been investigated most intensely, identifying enterovirus infections as the prime candidate trigger of islet autoimmunity (IA) and T1D development. However, the association between respiratory tract infections (RTI) and IA/T1D is comparatively less known. While there are significant amounts of epidemiological evidence supporting the role of respiratory infections in T1D, there remains a paucity of data characterising infectious agents at the molecular level. This gap in the literature precludes the identification of the specific infectious agents driving the association between RTI and T1D. Furthermore, the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections on the development of IA/T1D remains undeciphered. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evidence to date, implicating RTIs (viral and non‐viral) as potential risk factors for IA/T1D.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShin Jie Yong; Alice Halim; Michael Halim; Shiliang Liu; Mohammed Aljeldah; Basim R. Al Shammari; Sara Alwarthan; Mashael Alhajri; Abdulsalam Alawfi; Amer Alshengeti; Faryal Khamis; Jameela Alsalman; Abeer N. Alshukairi; Nujoud A. Abukhamis; Fatimah S. Almaghrabi; Souad A. Almuthree; Abdulrahman M. Alsulaiman; Bashayer M. Alshehail; Amal H. Alfaraj; Shorouq A. Alhawaj; Ranjan K. Mohapatra; Ali A. Rabaan;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may inflict a post‐viral condition known as post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS) or long‐COVID. Studies measuring levels of inflammatory and vascular biomarkers in blood, serum, or plasma of COVID‐19 survivors with PCS versus non‐PCS controls have produced mixed findings. Our review sought to meta‐analyse those studies. A systematic literature search was performed across five databases until 25 June 2022, with an updated search on 1 November 2022. Data analyses were performed with Review Manager and R Studio statistical software. Twenty‐four biomarkers from 23 studies were meta‐analysed. Higher levels of C‐reactive protein (Standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.02–0.39), D‐dimer (SMD = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09–0.46), lactate dehydrogenase (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.05–0.54), and leukocytes (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.02–0.66) were found in COVID‐19 survivors with PCS than in those without PCS. After sensitivity analyses, lymphocytes (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12–0.48) and interleukin‐6 (SMD = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12–0.49) were also significantly higher in PCS than non‐PCS cases. No significant differences were noted in the remaining biomarkers investigated (e.g., ferritin, platelets, troponin, and fibrinogen). Subgroup analyses suggested the biomarker changes were mainly driven by PCS cases diagnosed via manifestation of organ abnormalities rather than symptomatic persistence, as well as PCS cases with duration of
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedArto Yuwono Soeroto; Theo Audi Yanto; Andree Kurniawan; Timotius Ivan Hariyanto;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Some proportions of populations, such as immunocompromised patients and organ transplant recipients might have inadequate immune responses to the vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). For these groups of populations, administering monoclonal antibodies might offer some additional protection. This review sought to analyze the effectiveness and safety of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab (Evusheld) as pre‐exposure prophylaxis against COVID‐19. We used specific keywords to comprehensively search for potential studies on PubMed, Scopus, Europe PMC, and sources until 3 September 2022. We collected all published articles that analyzed tixagevimab‐cilgavimab on the course of COVID‐19. Review Manager 5.4 was utilized for statistical analysis. Six studies were included. Our pooled analysis revealed that tixagevimab‐cilgavimab prophylaxis may decrease the rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.15–0.40,
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