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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (aids) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
135 emner vises.
Mocroft, Amanda; Pelchen-Matthews, Annegret; Hoy, Jennifer; Llibre, Josep M.; Neesgaard, Bastian; Jaschinski, Nadine; Domingo, Pere; Rasmussen, Line Dahlerup; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Surial, Bernard; Öllinger, Angela; Knappik, Michael; De Wit, Stephan; Wit, Ferdinand; Mussini, Cristina; Vehreschild, Joerg; Monforte, Antonella D’Arminio; Sonnerborg, Anders; Castagna, Antonella; Anne, Alain Volny; Vannappagari, Vani; Cohen, Cal; Greaves, Wayne; Wasmuth, Jan C.; Spagnuolo, Vincenzo; Ryom, Lene
AIDS, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Objectives: People with HIV and extensive antiretroviral exposure may have limited/exhausted treatment options (LExTO) due to resistance, comorbidities, or antiretroviral-related toxicity. Predictors of LExTO were investigated in the RESPOND cohort. Methods: Participants on ART for at least 5 years were defined as having LExTO when switched to at least two anchor agents and one-third antiretroviral (any class), a two-drug regimen of two anchor agents (excluding rilpivirine with dolutegravir/cabotegravir), or at least three nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Baseline was the latest of January 1, 2012, cohort enrolment or 5 years after starting antiretrovirals. Poisson regression modeled LExTO rates and clinical events (all-cause mortality, non-AIDS malignancy, cardiovascular disease [CVD], and chronic kidney disease [CKD]). Results: Of 23 827 participants, 2164 progressed to LExTO (9.1%) during 130 061 person-years follow-up (PYFU); incidence 1.66/100 PYFU (95% CI 1.59–1.73). Predictors of LExTO were HIV duration more than 15 years (vs. 7.5–15; adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 1.32; 95% CI 1.19–1.46), development of CKD (1.84; 1.59–2.13), CVD (1.64; 1.38–1.94), AIDS (1.18; 1.07–1.30), and current CD4+ cell count of 350 cells/μl or less (vs. 351–500 cells/μl, 1.51; 1.32–1.74). Those followed between 2018 and 2021 had lower rates of LExTO (vs. 2015–2017; 0.52; 0.47–0.59), as did those with baseline viral load of 200 cp/ml or less (0.46; 0.40–0.53) and individuals under 40. Development of LExTO was not significantly associated with clinical events after adjustment for age and current CD4, except CKD (1.74; 1.48–2.05). Conclusion: Despite an aging and increasingly comorbid population, we found declining LExTO rates by 2018–2021, reflecting recent developments in contemporary ART options and clinical management. Reassuringly, LExTO was not associated with a significantly increased incidence of serious clinical events apart from CKD. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Abstract In a 21-year-old female, AIDS following infection with HIV-2 was diagnosed alongside an HIV-associated high-grade B cell lymphoma. Treatment of HIV-2 with dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir resulted in viral suppression and slow recovery of CD4 cell counts. Treatment of lymphoma caused significant adverse effects but led to complete remission. The patient denied sexual activity and intravenous drug abuse. The patient had been born to an HIV-2-positive mother but appropriate perinatal testing based on national guidelines had remained negative. This case recapitulates the natural course of HIV-2 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to chronic immune activation/inflammation that can persist in virally suppressed persons on fully active antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increase risk of malignancies. The prognostic role of low CD4:CD8 ratio and elevated CD8 cell counts on the risk of cancer remains unclear.Methods We investigated the association of CD4:CD8 ratio on the hazard of non-AIDS defining malignancy (NADM), AIDS-defining malignancy (ADM) and most frequent group of cancers in ART-treated people with HIV (PWH) with a CD4 and CD8 cell counts and viral load measurements at baseline. We developed Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for known confounders of cancer risk and time-dependent cumulative and lagged exposures of CD4:CD8 ratio to account for time-evolving risk factors and avoid reverse causality.Results CD4:CD8 ratios below 0.5, compared to above 1.0, were independently associated with a 12-month time-lagged higher risk of ADM and infection-related malignancies (adjusted hazard ratio 2.61 [95% confidence interval {CI }1.10–6.19] and 2.03 [95% CI 1.24–3.33], respectively). CD4 cell counts below 350 cells/μL were associated with an increased risk of NADMs and ADMs, as did infection, smoking, and body mass index-related malignancies.Conclusions In ART-treated PWH low CD4:CD8 ratios were associated with ADM and infection-related cancers independently from CD4 and CD8 cell counts and may alert clinicians for cancer screening and prevention of NADM.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaro Abdella, Meaza Demissie, Alemayehu Worku, Merga Dheresa, Yemane Berhane
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.12.2023
Tilføjet 14.12.2023
by Saro Abdella, Meaza Demissie, Alemayehu Worku, Merga Dheresa, Yemane Berhane Background HIV treatment cascades for HIV-positive female sex workers (FSWs) have been challenged by the overlapping stigma and discrimination associated with both their sex work and HIV status. This study aims to assess the proportion of HIV-positive FSWs who access care and treatment in Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study with a respondent-driven sampling technique was used to enroll 6,085 female sex workers from January to June 2020. Interviews were conducted to assess the FSWs’ HIV status awareness and access to ART. A blood sample was drawn to determine the current HIV status and viral load level. Logistic regression was run to identify factors associated with FSWs’ HIV status awareness. Results Of the total 1140 HIV-positive FSWs, 50.38% knew they were HIV positive; 92.88% of those who knew their status were on ART, and 91.68% of those on ART had attained viral suppression of less than 1000 copies per milliliter. The adjusted odds of knowing HIV status was 3.20 (95% CI; 2.00, 5.13) among those aged 35 years and older, 1.81 (95% CI; 1.05, 3.12) among widowed, and 1.73 (95% CI; 1.28, 2.32) in those who did not perceive the risk of HIV acquisition. Conclusion Only about half of HIV-positive FSWs knew they were HIV positive. More than 90% of those who knew their status were put on ART and achieved viral suppression. The weakest point in achieving HIV control among FSWs is the identification of those living with HIV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 13.12.2023
Tilføjet 13.12.2023
Abstract In a 21-year-old female, AIDS following infection with HIV-2 was diagnosed alongside an HIV-associated high-grade B cell lymphoma. Treatment of HIV-2 with dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir resulted in viral suppression and slow recovery of CD4 cell counts. Treatment of lymphoma caused significant adverse effects but led to complete remission. The patient denied sexual activity and intravenous drug abuse. The patient had been born to an HIV-2-positive mother but appropriate perinatal testing based on national guidelines had remained negative. This case recapitulates the natural course of HIV-2 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaisa Fritzell, Berith Hedberg, Anke Woudstra, Anna Forsberg, Marika Sventelius, Anders Kottorp, Anna Jervaeus
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.12.2023
Tilføjet 12.12.2023
by Kaisa Fritzell, Berith Hedberg, Anke Woudstra, Anna Forsberg, Marika Sventelius, Anders Kottorp, Anna Jervaeus Background Sweden has a long tradition of organized national population-based screening programmes. Participation rates differ between programmes and regions, being relatively high in some groups, but lower in others. To ensure an equity perspective on screening, it is desirable that individuals make an informed decision based on knowledge rather than ignorance, misconceptions, or fear. Decision Aids (DAs) are set to deliver information about different healthcare options and help individuals to visualize the values associated with each available option. DAs are not intended to guide individuals to choose one option over another. The advantage of an individual Decision Aid (iDA) is that individuals gain knowledge about cancer and screening by accessing one webpage with the possibility to communicate with health professionals and thereafter make their decision regarding participation. The objective is therefore to develop, implement and evaluate a digital iDA for individuals invited to cancer screening in Sweden. Methods This study encompasses a process-, implementation-, and outcome evaluation. Multiple methods will be applied including focus group discussions, individual interviews and the usage of the think aloud technique and self-reported questionnaire data. The project is based on The International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) framework and the proposed model development process for DAs. Individuals aged 23–74, including women (the cervical-, breast- and CRC screening module) and men (the CRC screening module), will be included in the developmental process. Efforts will be made to recruit participants with self-reported physical and mental limitations, individuals without a permanent residence and ethnic minorities. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt aimed at developing an iDA for use in the Swedish context. The iDA is intended to facilitate shared decision making about participation in screening. Furthermore, the iDA is expected to increase knowledge and raise awareness about cancer and cancer screening. Patient or public contribution Lay people are involved throughout the whole development and implementation process of the digital DA. Trial registration NCT05512260.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRishan Hadgu, Ahmed Husen, Esayas Milkiyas, Niguse Alemayoh, Robel Zemoy, Azene Tesfaye, Dagimawie Tadesse, Aseer Manilal, Aklilu Alemayehu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.12.2023
Tilføjet 12.12.2023
by Rishan Hadgu, Ahmed Husen, Esayas Milkiyas, Niguse Alemayoh, Robel Zemoy, Azene Tesfaye, Dagimawie Tadesse, Aseer Manilal, Aklilu Alemayehu Background Anemia is a significant public health problem in HIV/AIDS patients worldwide. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and its risk factors among HIV-infected adults in Sawla General Hospital, southern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study involving HIV-infected adults was conducted in ART clinic of Sawla General Hospital from April 01 to May 31, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to recruit the study participants. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire and checklist. Hemoglobin concentration from venous blood was determined by HemoCue® 301 analyzer. Descriptive and inferential statistics, by Statistical Package for Social Science version 26.0, were applied; p-values ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were considered statistically significant. Results A total of 220 HIV-infected adults participated in this study. The prevalence of anemia was 38.6%, from which 90.6, 7.1, and 2.3% are mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Anemia among HIV-infected adults was significantly associated with CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mm3 (AOR: 4.32; 95% CI: 2.10–8.86), clinical stage III or above (AOR: 4.20; 95% CI: 1.06–16.62), five or more years duration of HIV infection (AOR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.08–4.94) and BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 (AOR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.83–8.00). Conclusion Anemia is a moderate public health problem among the study population. Longer duration of HIV infection, advanced clinical stage, lower CD4 cell count, and BMI are risk factors for anemia. Therefore, early ART enrolment for HIV-infected adults with nutritional support and rigorous monitoring of CD4 cell count are essential to lower the prevalence.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhou, Jie; Yang, Yuecong; Xie, Zhiman; Lu, Dongjia; Huang, Jinping; Lan, Liuyang; Guo, Baodong; Yang, Xiping; Wang, Qing; Li, Zhuoxin; Zhang, Yu; Yang, Xing; Ai, Sufang; Liu, Ningmei; Liang, Hao; Ye, Li; Huang, Jiegang
AIDS, 9.12.2023
Tilføjet 9.12.2023
Objective: Identifying the gut microbiota associated with host immunity in the AIDS stage. Design: We performed a cross-sectional study. Methods: We recruited people living with HIV (PLWH) in the AIDS or non-AIDS stage and evaluated their gut microbiota and metabolites by using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Machine learning (ML) models were used to analyze the correlations between key bacteria and CD4+ T cell count, CD4+ T cell activation, bacterial translocation, gut metabolites, and KEGG functional pathways. Results: We recruited 114 PLWH in the AIDS stage and 203 PLWH in the non-AIDS stage. The α-diversity of gut microbiota was downregulated in the AIDS stage (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJacobson, Jeffrey M.; Felber, Barbara K.; Chen, Huichao; Pavlakis, George N.; Mullins, James I.; de Rosa, Stephen C.; Kuritzkes, Daniel R.; Tomaras, Georgia D.; Kinslow, Jennifer; Bao, Yajing; Olefsky, Maxine; Rosati, Margherita; Bear, Jenifer; Hannaman, Drew; Laird, Gregory M.; Cyktor, Joshua C.; Heath, Sonya L.; Collier, Ann C.; Koletar, Susan L.; Taiwo, Babafemi O.; Tebas, Pablo; Wohl, David A.; belanzauran-Zamudio, Pablo F.; Mcelrath, M. Juliana; Landay, Alan L.
AIDS, 9.12.2023
Tilføjet 9.12.2023
Objective: The primary objective of the study was to assess the immunogenicity of an HIV-1 Gag conserved element DNA vaccine (p24CE DNA) in people with HIV (PWH) receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Design: AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5369 was a phase I/IIa, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of PWH receiving ART with plasma HIV-1 RNA less than 50 copies/ml, current CD4+ T-cell counts greater than 500 cells/μl, and nadir CD4+ T-cell counts greater than 350 cells/μl. Methods: The study enrolled 45 participants randomized 2 : 1 : 1 to receive p24CE DNA vaccine at weeks 0 and 4, followed by p24CE DNA admixed with full-length p55Gag DNA vaccine at weeks 12 and 24 (arm A); full-length p55Gag DNA vaccine at weeks 0, 4, 12, and 24 (arm B); or placebo at weeks 0, 4, 12, and 24 (arm c). The active and placebo vaccines were administered by intramuscular electroporation. Results: There was a modest, but significantly greater increase in the number of conserved elements recognized by CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells in arm A compared with arm C (P = 0.014). The percentage of participants with an increased number of conserved elements recognized by T cells was also highest in arm A (8/18, 44.4%) vs. arm C (0/10, 0.0%) (P = 0.025). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in the change in magnitude of responses to total conserved elements. Conclusion: A DNA-delivered HIV-1 Gag conserved element vaccine boosted by a combination of this vaccine with a full-length p55Gag DNA vaccine induced a new conserved element-directed cellular immune response in approximately half the treated PWH on ART. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 7.12.2023
Tilføjet 7.12.2023
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 109 Issue: 6 Pages: 1274-1276
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGeorgia Bisbas
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 5.12.2023
Tilføjet 5.12.2023
“History has the power to shape not only what we remember, but what we forget.” In the final paragraph of the introduction to In Her Hands, Women\'s Fight Against AIDS in the United States, historian Emma Day perfectly sums up the message behind her book. Day seeks to readdress the narrative around women\'s fight against HIV/AIDS and the political systems that overlooked, mistreated, and maligned them during the 1980s epidemic of the disease. It is her intention to ensure that we remember the struggles that women faced with accuracy and in their entirety, as no one subgroup of sufferers should take precedence in the history books when we recall the scale and severity of this disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJulie M. StrizkiJohn M. GasparJohn A. HoweBeth HutchinsHiroshi MohriManoj S. NairKeith C. KinekPhilip McKennaShih Lin GohNicholas Murgolo1Merck Research Laboratories (MRL), Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA2Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 4.12.2023
Tilføjet 4.12.2023
Endalamaw, A., Gilks, C. F., Ambaw, F., Assefa, Y.
BMJ Open, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
IntroductionThe public’s accepting attitude toward people living with HIV is crucial in reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, increasing people’s access to HIV service. This study examines the inequalities in accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on the 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys. A total of 17 075, 28 478 and 25 542 adults were included in the 2005, 2011 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Socioeconomic inequality was investigated using the concentration curve and Erreygers’ concentration index (ECI), which is scaled from –1 (pro-poor) to +1 (pro-rich). The ECI was decomposed to identify the contributors to socioeconomic inequality using generalised linear regression with the logit link function. ResultsAccepting attitude toward people living with HIV was 17.9% (95% CI: 16.6%, 19.3%) in 2005, which increased to 33.5% (95% CI: 31.8%, 35.3%) in 2011 and 39.6% (95% CI: 37.6%, 41.9%) in 2016. ECI was 0.342 (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEndalamaw, A., Gilks, C. F., Ambaw, F., Assefa, Y.
BMJ Open, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
IntroductionThe public’s accepting attitude toward people living with HIV is crucial in reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, increasing people’s access to HIV service. This study examines the inequalities in accepting attitudes toward people living with HIV in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016. MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on the 2005, 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys. A total of 17 075, 28 478 and 25 542 adults were included in the 2005, 2011 and 2016 surveys, respectively. Socioeconomic inequality was investigated using the concentration curve and Erreygers’ concentration index (ECI), which is scaled from –1 (pro-poor) to +1 (pro-rich). The ECI was decomposed to identify the contributors to socioeconomic inequality using generalised linear regression with the logit link function. ResultsAccepting attitude toward people living with HIV was 17.9% (95% CI: 16.6%, 19.3%) in 2005, which increased to 33.5% (95% CI: 31.8%, 35.3%) in 2011 and 39.6% (95% CI: 37.6%, 41.9%) in 2016. ECI was 0.342 (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMa, Hongfei; Liang, Wei; Han, Aojing; Zhang, Qian; Gong, Shun; Bai, Yang; Gao, Daiming; Xiang, Hao; Wang, Xia
AIDS, 2.12.2023
Tilføjet 2.12.2023
Objective: We aimed to explore the effect of particulate matter (PM) exposure on renal function in people living with HIV/AIDS (PWHA). Methods: A total of 37,739 repeated measurements were conducted on eGFR levels, serum creatinine (Scr), and the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in 6,958 PWHAs. The relationship between 1–28 day moving averages of PM concentrations with Scr and eGFR was assessed using linear mixed-effects models. Modified Poisson regression models were employed to assess the associations of cumulative PM exposure with the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mediation analyses were used to examine the role of TyG index. Results: Short-term exposure to PM was related to reduced renal function. The strongest associations between exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and percent changes in eGFR were observed at 7-day moving average exposure windows, with a respective decrease of 0.697% (−1.008%, −0.386%), 0.429% (−0.637%, −0.220%), and 0.373% (−0.581%, −0.164%) per IQR increment. Long-term exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 was positively linked with the incidence of CKD, with each IQR increment corresponding to fully adjusted RRs (95% CIs) of 1.631 (1.446, 1.839), 1.599 (1.431, 1.787), and 1.903 (1.665, 2.175), respectively. TyG index mediated 8.87%, 8.88%, and 7.58% of the relationship between cumulative exposure to PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 and increased risk of CKD, respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to PM among PWHAs is linked to reduced renal function, potentially contributing to increased CKD incidence, where the TyG index might serve as a partial mediator. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDickey, Brittney L.; Yanik, Elizabeth L.; Thompson, Zachary; Burkholder, Greer; Kitahata, Mari M.; Moore, Richard D.; Jacobson, Jeff; Mathews, W. Christopher; Christopoulos, Katerina A.; Fleming, Julia; Napravnik, Sonia; Achenbach, Chad; Coghill, Anna E.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
Background PWH are experiencing an increased prevalence of non-AIDS defining cancers (NADCs). Our study investigated the association of immunosuppression and HIV control with NADCs among PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the US. Methods Among patients across 8 clinical cohorts on ART between 1996-2016 we assessed immune function and HIV control utilizing six metrics of CD4 count or HIV-RNA viral load (VL): (1) CD4 or VL at ART initiation; (2) change in CD4 or VL following ART initiation; and (3) proportion of follow-up time at CD4>500 cells/ul or VL
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPriya Venkatesan
The Lancet Microbe, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
In recognition of the need to pool global resources to fight the pandemic, in March 2020, the government of Costa Rica reached out to WHO requesting the formation of a global repository of intellectual property for technologies to detect, prevent, control, and treat COVID-19. Thus, the COVID-19 Technology Access Pool (C-TAP) was launched in May 2020 by WHO and the government of Costa Rica, with the support of 44 WHO Member States, the UN, UNAIDS, the Medicines Patent Pool, and other partners, in response to a worldwide solidarity call to action.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNgai Sze WONG, Weiming TANG, William C. MILLER, Jason J. ONG, Shui Shan LEE
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has set the Fast-Track strategy to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030, with the targets of 95% of people with HIV (PLWH) aware of their HIV status, 95% of diagnosed PLWH on antiretroviral treatment (ART), and 95% of PLWH on treatment achieving viral load suppression.[1] To achieve these targets, timely HIV testing is crucial as undiagnosed PLWH would not know their HIV status, and ongoing transmission would occur until ART is received. The risk of acquiring HIV is mainly through high-risk exposures such as multiple sexual partners, sharing of contaminated needles for drug injection and condomless anal sex practice.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSamuel Kyobe, Grace Kisitu, Savannah Mwesigwa, John Farirai, Eric Katagirya, Gaone Retshabile, Lesedi Williams, Angela Mirembe, Lesego Ketumile, Misaki Wayengera, John Mukisa, Gaseene Sebetso, Thabo Diphoko, Marion Amujal, Edgar Kigozi, Fred Katabazi, Ronald Oceng, Busisiwe Mlotshwa, Koketso Morapedi, Betty Nsangi, Edward Wampande, Masego Tsimako, Chester Brown, Ishmael Kasvosve, Moses Joloba, Gabriel Anabwani, Sununguko Mpoloka, Graeme Mardon, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Neil Hanchard, Jacqueline Kyosiimire, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Dithan Kiragga, Collaborative African Genomics Network (CAfGEN) of the H3Africa Consortium
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Africa remains the global epicenter of the HIV epidemic; more than 70% of all people living with HIV/AIDS are in Africa. In 2021, UNAIDS estimates indicated that 150,000 new HIV infections and 99,000 deaths occurred among African children [1]. Before the initiative of universal antiretroviral therapy (ART), it was widely noted that some children would remain AIDS-free for more than ten years and could maintain normal-for-age CD4+ T-cell counts [2] – so-called long-term nonprogressors (LTNP). Children capable of controlling HIV infection present the opportunity for unique insights into the natural host immune responses, which could be essential for the development of novel therapeutics and vaccines [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMoody, K., Nieuwkerk, P. T., Bedert, M., Nellen, J. F., Weijsenfeld, A., Sigaloff, K. C. E., Laan, L., Bruins, C., van Oers, H., Haverman, L., Geerlings, S. E., Van der Valk, M.
BMJ Open, 27.11.2023
Tilføjet 27.11.2023
IntroductionSuccessful antiviral therapy has transformed HIV infection into a chronic condition, where optimising quality of life (QoL) has become essential for successful lifelong treatment. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can signal potential physical and mental health problems related to QoL. This study aims to determine whether PROMs in routine clinical care improve quality of care as experienced by people with HIV (PWH). Methods and analysisWe report the protocol of a multicentre longitudinal cohort studying PWH at Amsterdam University Medical Centres in the Netherlands. PROMs are offered annually to patients via the patient portal of the electronic health record. Domains include anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances, social isolation, physical functioning, stigma, post-traumatic stress disorder, adherence, drug and alcohol use and screening questions for sexual health and issues related to finances, housing and migration status. Our intervention comprises (1) patients’ completion of PROMs, (2) discussion of PROMs scores during annual consultations and (3) documentation of follow-up actions in an individualised care plan, if indicated. The primary endpoint will be patient-experienced quality of care, measured by the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care, Short Form (PACIC-S). Patients will provide measurements at baseline, year 1 and year 2. We will explore change over time in PACIC-S and PROMs scores and examine the sociodemographical and HIV-specific characteristics of subgroups of patients who participated in all or only part of the intervention to ascertain whether benefit has been achieved from our intervention in all subgroups. Ethics and disseminationPatients provide consent for the analysis of data collected as part of routine clinical care to the AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands study (ATHENA) cohort through mechanisms described in Boender et al. Additional ethical approval for the analysis of these data is not required under the ATHENA cohort protocol. The results will be presented at national and international academic meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHaidar, Lara; Crane, Heidi M.; Nance, Robin M.; Webel, Allison; Ruderman, Stephanie A.; Whitney, Bridget M.; Willig, Amanda L.; Napravnik, Sonia; Mixson, L Sarah; Leong, Christine; Lavu, Alekhya; Aboulatta, Laila; Dai, Mindy; Hahn, Andrew; Saag, Michael S.; Bamford, Laura; Cachay, Edward; Kitahata, Mari M.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Jacobson, Jeffrey; Moore, Richard D.; Delaney, Joseph A.C.; Drumright, Lydia N.; Eltonsy, Sherif
AIDS, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
Objective: There is limited real-world evidence about the effectiveness of semaglutide for weight loss among people with HIV (PWH). We aimed to investigate weight change in a US cohort of PWH who initiated semaglutide treatment. Design: Observational study using the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort. Methods: We identified adult PWH who initiated semaglutide between 2018 and 2022 and with at least two weight measurements. The primary outcome was within-person bodyweight change in kilograms at 1 year. The secondary outcome was within-person Hemoglobin A1c percentage (HbA1c) change. Both outcomes were estimated using multivariable linear mixed model. Results: In total, 222 new users of semaglutide met inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 1.1 years. Approximately 75% of new semaglutide users were men, and at baseline, mean age was 53 years [standard deviation (SD): 10], average weight was 108 kg (SD: 23), mean BMI was 35.5 kg/m2, mean HbA1c was 7.7% and 77% had clinically recognized diabetes. At baseline, 97% were on ART and 89% were virally suppressed (viral load < 50 copies/ml). In the adjusted mixed model analysis, treatment with semaglutide was associated with an average weight loss of 6.47 kg at 1 year (95% CI −7.67 to −5.18) and with a reduction in HbA1c of 1.07% at 1 year (95% CI −1.64 to −0.50) among the 157 PWH with a postindex HbA1c value. Conclusion: Semaglutide was associated with significant weight loss and HbA1c reduction among PWH, comparable to results of previous studies from the general population. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKalinjuma, A. V., Glass, T. R., Masanja, H., Weisser, M., Msengwa, A. S., Vanobberghen, F., Otwombe, K.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
ObjectivesThis scoping review aims to identify and synthesise existing statistical methods used to assess the progress of HIV treatment programmes in terms of the HIV cascade and continuum of care among people living with HIV (PLHIV). DesignSystematic scoping review. Data sourcesPublished articles were retrieved from PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases between April and July 2022. We also strategically search using the Google Scholar search engine and reference lists of published articles. Eligibility criteriaThis scoping review included original English articles that estimated and described the HIV cascade and continuum of care progress in PLHIV. The review considered quantitative articles that evaluated either HIV care cascade progress in terms of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS targets or the dynamics of engagement in HIV care. Data extraction and synthesisThe first author and the librarian developed database search queries and screened the retrieved titles and abstracts. Two independent reviewers and the first author extracted data using a standardised data extraction tool. The data analysis was descriptive and the findings are presented in tables and visuals. ResultsThis review included 300 articles. Cross-sectional study design methods were the most commonly used to assess the HIV care cascade (n=279, 93%). In cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, the majority used proportions to describe individuals at each cascade stage (276/279 (99%) and 20/21 (95%), respectively). In longitudinal studies, the time spent in cascade stages, transition probabilities and cumulative incidence functions was estimated. The logistic regression model was common in both cross-sectional (101/279, 36%) and longitudinal studies (7/21, 33%). Of the 21 articles that used a longitudinal design, six articles used multistate models, which included non-parametric, parametric, continuous-time, time-homogeneous and discrete-time multistate Markov models. ConclusionsMost literature on the HIV cascade and continuum of care arises from cross-sectional studies. The use of longitudinal study design methods in the HIV cascade is growing because such methods can provide additional information about transition dynamics along the cascade. Therefore, a methodological guide for applying different types of longitudinal design methods to the HIV continuum of care assessments is warranted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet
Lancet, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
The Global Commission on Drug Policy\'s latest report, published ahead of World AIDS Day on Dec 1, describes decriminalisation of drug use as an essential precursor to ending HIV and viral hepatitis as public health threats. Since its formation in 2011 by political, economic, and cultural leaders, the Commission has advocated for decriminalisation as part of a rights-based approach to drug policy, rooted in scientific evidence and principles of public health, to minimise the harms arising from drug use.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 20 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Queen Tollett, Salman Safdar, Abba B. Gumel
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBenade, M., Maskew, M., Juntunen, A., Flynn, D. B., Rosen, S.
BMJ Open, 20.11.2023
Tilføjet 20.11.2023
ObjectivesAs countries have scaled up access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, attrition rates of up to 30% annually have created a large pool of individuals who initiate treatment with prior ART experience. Little is known about the proportion of non-naïve reinitiators within the population presenting for treatment initiation. DesignSystematic review of published articles and abstracts reporting proportions of non-naïve adult patients initiating ART in sub-Saharan Africa. Data sourcesPubMed, Embase Elsevier, Web of Science Core Collection, International AIDS Society conferences, Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections conferences. Eligibility criteriaClinical trials and observational studies; reporting on adults in sub-Saharan Africa who initiated lifelong ART; published in English between 1 January 2018 and 11 July 2023 and with data collected after January 2016. Initiator self-report, laboratory discernment of antiretroviral metabolites, and viral suppression at initiation or in the medical record were accepted as evidence of prior exposure. Data extraction and synthesisWe captured study and sample characteristics, proportions with previous ART exposure and the indicator of previous exposure reported. We report results of each eligible study, estimate the risk of bias and identify gaps in the literature. ResultsOf 2740 articles, 11 articles describing 12 cohorts contained sufficient information for the review. Proportions of initiators with evidence of prior ART use ranged from 5% (self-report only) to 53% (presence of ART metabolites in hair or blood sample). The vast majority of screened studies did not report naïve/non-naïve status. Metrics used to determine and report non-naïve proportions were inconsistent and difficult to interpret. ConclusionsThe proportion of patients initiating HIV treatment who are truly ART naïve is not well documented. It is likely that 20%–50% of ART patients who present for ART are reinitiators. Standard reporting metrics and diligence in reporting are needed, as is research to understand the reluctance of patients to report prior ART exposure. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022324136.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Olusegun Michael Otunuga
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJan Maleček, Dan Omcirk, Kateřina Skálová, Jan Pádecký, Martin Tino Janikov, Michael Obrtel, Michal Jonáš, David Kolář, Vladimír Michalička, Karel Sýkora, Michal Vágner, Lubomír Přívětivý, Tomáš Větrovský, Zdeňka Bendová, Vít Třebický, James J. Tufano
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Jan Maleček, Dan Omcirk, Kateřina Skálová, Jan Pádecký, Martin Tino Janikov, Michael Obrtel, Michal Jonáš, David Kolář, Vladimír Michalička, Karel Sýkora, Michal Vágner, Lubomír Přívětivý, Tomáš Větrovský, Zdeňka Bendová, Vít Třebický, James J. Tufano Introduction A lack of sleep can pose a risk during military operations due to the associated decreases in physical and cognitive performance. However, fast-acting ergogenic aids, such as ammonia inhalants (AI), may temporarily mitigate those adverse effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the acute effect of AI on cognitive and physical performance throughout 36 hours of TSD in military personnel. Methods Eighteen male military cadets (24.1 ± 3.0 y; 79.3 ± 8.3 kg) performed 5 identical testing sessions during 36 hours of TSD (after 0 [0], 12 [–12], 24 [–24], and 36 [–36] hours of TSD), and after 8 [+8] hours of recovery sleep. During each testing session, the following assessments were conducted: Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), simple reaction time (SRT), shooting accuracy (SA), rifle disassembling and reassembling (DAS), and countermovement jump height (JH). Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored during the SA task, and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained during the JH task. At each time point, tests were performed twice, either with AI or without AI as control (CON), in a counterbalanced order. Results There was faster SRT (1.6%; p < 0.01) without increasing the number of errors, higher JH (1.5%; p < 0.01), lower RPE (9.4%; p < 0.001), and higher HR (5.0%; p < 0.001) after using AI compared to CON regardless of TSD. However, neither SA nor DAS were affected by AI or TSD (p > 0.05). Independent of AI, the SRT was slower (3.2–9.3%; p < 0.001) in the mornings (-24, +8) than in the evening (-12), JH was higher (3.0–4.7%, p < 0.001) in the evenings (-12, -36) than in the mornings (0, -24, +8), and RPE was higher (20.0–40.1%; p < 0.001) in the sleep-deprived morning (-24) than all other timepoints (0, -12, -36, +8). Furthermore, higher ESS (59.5–193.4%; p < 0.001) was reported at -24 and -36 than the rest of the time points (0, -12, and + 8). Conclusion Although there were detrimental effects of TSD, the usage of AI did not reduce those adverse effects. However, regardless of TSD, AI did result in a short-term increase in HR, improved SRT without affecting the number of errors, and improved JH while concurrently decreasing the RPE. No changes, yet, were observed in SA and DAS. These results suggest that AI could potentially be useful in some military scenarios, regardless of sleep deprivation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
This Viewpoint discusses the importance of the US Congress reauthorizing funding for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a program developed in 2003 that has played a critical role in fighting HIV/AIDS worldwide as well as other emerging infections and noncommunicable diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Abstract Background Young students infected with HIV have become a significant public health issue in China, this study aimed to understand the factors influencing the choice of having multiple sexual partners among male college students who had casual heterosexual sex in Zhejiang Province and to scientifically justify developing HIV/AIDS intervention strategies among them. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used for the survey of students from 13 colleges or universities in Zhejiang Province between October and November 2018. The questionnaire collected information on general demographic characteristics, knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, sexual attitudes and risk awareness, sexual behavioural characteristics, and acceptance of interventions. The univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted in this study. Results Study participants included 362 male college students who exhibited casual heterosexual sex and were aware of the number of sexual partners they had. Among them, 222 students engaged in casual heterosexual sex with multiple sexual partners (61.33%). The results of the multivariable analysis revealed several factors associated with male students’ choice to have multiple sexual partners: monthly living expenses greater than or equal to 1501 CNY (adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.21–4.16), sexual behavior after consuming alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.32–3.63), whose casual partner types were non-student (adjusted OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.45–4.22), and those who discussed using condoms during sexual intercourse (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.28–0.89). Conclusion The choice to engage in casual heterosexual sex with multiple partners was found to be associated with several factors among male college students, including economic status, engaging in sexual behavior after consuming alcohol, the type of the casual partner, and using condoms. These findings highlight the significance of implementing targeted interventions and comprehensive sexual health education programs within college settings in order to encourage safer sexual practices among students.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBustanul Arifin, M. Rifqi Rokhman, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Marianti Mangau, Saidah Rauf, Rasuane Noor, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Jurjen van der Schans, Maarten J. Postma
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
by Bustanul Arifin, M. Rifqi Rokhman, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Marianti Mangau, Saidah Rauf, Rasuane Noor, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Jurjen van der Schans, Maarten J. Postma Indonesia’s total number of HIV/AIDS cases is still high. Inadequate knowledge about the risk of HIV infection will influence HIV prevention and therapy. This study aimed to map the level of HIV-related knowledge among Indonesians living on six major islands in Indonesia and investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV/AIDS knowledge. This cross-sectional study used the Bahasa Indonesia version of the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 items (HIV-KQ-18) Instrument. Data collection was done online through the Google form application. A total of 5,364 participants were recruited. The participants from Java had the highest degree of HIV/AIDS knowledge, which was 12.5% higher than participants from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, and Maluku. Linear regression showed that region, educational level, monthly expenditure, occupation, background in health sciences, and workshop attendance were significantly correlated with HIV knowledge. Participants typically understand that \'HIV/AIDS transmission\' only happens when sex partners are changed. Additionally, the government still needs improvement in HIV/AIDS education, particularly in the HIV incubation period, HIV transmission from pregnant women to the fetus, and condom use as one method of protection. There are disparities in HIV/AIDS knowledge levels among the major islands of Indonesia. Based on these findings, the government’s health promotion program to increase public awareness of HIV/AIDS must be implemented vigorously. Additionally, in line with our research findings, it is essential to broaden the scope of HIV/AIDS education and promotion materials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease is a common invasive infectious disease in patients with HIV. However, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile association with lymphadenectasis is unusual in AIDS patients. Case Presentation This report covers the case of a 25-year-old male AIDS patient infected with Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The case was identified via pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing (ptNGS). Conclusion This is the first report of disseminated M. thermoresistibile infection presented with lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease is a common invasive infectious disease in patients with HIV. However, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile association with lymphadenectasis is unusual in AIDS patients. Case Presentation This report covers the case of a 25-year-old male AIDS patient infected with Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The case was identified via pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing (ptNGS). Conclusion This is the first report of disseminated M. thermoresistibile infection presented with lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKoofhethile, Catherine K.; Gao, Ce; Chang, Charlotte; Lian, Xiaodong; Shapiro, Roger; Yu, Xu G.; Lichterfeld, Mathias; Kanki, Phyllis
AIDS, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
Background: Compared with HIV-1 infection, HIV-2 infection is associated with a slower progression to AIDS. Understanding the persistence of HIV-2 infection might inform the mechanisms responsible for differences in the pathogenicity of HIV-2 versus HIV-1. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the genetic composition of the proviral reservoir in archived blood samples collected from 13 untreated HIV-2-infected adults from Senegal. We used single-genome, near-full-length individual proviral sequencing (FLIP-Seq) to assess the relative frequency of intact and defective proviruses. Results: Ten out of 13 (77%) study subjects demonstrated virologic suppression (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease is a common invasive infectious disease in patients with HIV. However, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile association with lymphadenectasis is unusual in AIDS patients. Case Presentation This report covers the case of a 25-year-old male AIDS patient infected with Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The case was identified via pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing (ptNGS). Conclusion This is the first report of disseminated M. thermoresistibile infection presented with lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMahdi Taghadosi; Elham Safarzadeh; Ali Asgarzadeh; Seyed Askar Roghani; Afsaneh Shamsi; Cyrus Jalili; Shirin Assar; Parviz Soufivand; Mehran Pournazari; Parisa Feizollahi; Mohammad Hossein Nicknam; Vahid Asghariazar; Siavash Vaziri; Hossein Shahriari; Asadollah Mohammadi;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Autoantibodies (AABs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in assessing these complex disorders. Viral infections have long been recognized as a principal environmental factor affecting the production of AABs and the development of autoimmunity. COVID‐19 has primarily been considered a hyperinflammatory syndrome triggered by a cytokine storm. In the following, the role of maladaptive B cell response and AABs became more apparent in COVID‐19 pathogenesis. The current review will primarily focus on the role of extrafollicular B cell response, Toll‐like receptor‐7 (TLR‐7) activation, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in the development of AABs following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In the following, this review will clarify how these AABs dysregulate immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 by disrupting cytokine function and triggering neutrophil hyper‐reactivity. Finally, the pathologic effects of these AABs will be further described in COVID‐19 associate clinical manifestations, including venous and arterial thrombosis, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and recently described post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) or long‐COVID.
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