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Søgeord (influenza) valgt.
77 emner vises.
Manash Shrestha, Penchan Pradubmook Sherer, Seung Chun Paek, Kriengkrai Prasert, Sutthinan Chawalchitiporn, Prabda Praphasiri
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
by Manash Shrestha, Penchan Pradubmook Sherer, Seung Chun Paek, Kriengkrai Prasert, Sutthinan Chawalchitiporn, Prabda Praphasiri Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are an important target group for influenza vaccination due to their increased risk of infection. However, their uptake remains a challenge. This study aimed to identify and measure influenza vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in Nakhon Phanom province, Thailand. Methods A representative cross-sectional survey was conducted during August–September 2020, among 350 HCWs at six hospitals in the province selected by a two-stage cluster sampling using a self-administered questionnaire. HCWs who either delayed getting influenza vaccines, accepted the vaccines but were unsure, or refused the vaccine with doubts were categorized as hesitant. HCWs who accepted the influenza vaccine without any doubts were classified as non-hesitant. Determinants of vaccine hesitancy were identified by a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 338 participants (97%) filled the questionnaires. The mean age of the participants was 37.2 years. Most participants were female (280; 83%), nurses (136; 40%), working at district hospitals (238; 71%), with bachelor’s degree (223; 66%), and without any pre-existing chronic medical conditions (264; 78%). Influenza vaccine hesitancy was evident among nearly 60% of the participants (197/338), who had varying patterns of hesitancy. Significant factors of influenza vaccine hesitancy were found to be age above 50 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.2, 95% CI 1.3–8.5), fair knowledge of influenza and vaccination (aOR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8), and negative influence of other HCW (High level–aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–4.8; Moderate level- aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.4). Conclusion Influenza vaccine hesitancy was highly prevalent among the Thai HCWs in Nakhon Phanom province. Imparting updated information to the HCW, in combination with positive guidance from influential HCWs in the hospital, may help reduce hesitancy. These data may be useful to the National Immunization Program to design appropriate approaches to target hesitant HCWs in Thailand to improve influenza vaccine coverage.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXinye Wang, Gregory Walker, Ki W. Kim, Sacha Stelzer‐Braid, Matthew Scotch, William D. Rawlinson
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Nobendu Mukerjee, Swastika Maitra, Dattatreya Mukherjee, Arabinda Ghosh, Athanasios T. Alexiou, Nanasheb D. Thorat
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Background It is difficult to detect the outbreak of emergency infectious disease based on the exiting surveillance system. Here we investigate the utility of the Baidu Search Index, an indicator of how large of a keyword is in Baidu’s search volume, in the early warning and predicting the epidemic trend of COVID-19. Methods The daily number of cases and the Baidu Search Index of 8 keywords (weighted by population) from December 1, 2019 to March 15, 2020 were collected and analyzed with times series and Spearman correlation with different time lag. To predict the daily number of COVID-19 cases using the Baidu Search Index, Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used in phase 1 and negative binomial regression model was used in phase 2 and phase 3 based on the characteristic of independent variable. Results The Baidu Search Index of all keywords in Wuhan was significantly higher than Hubei (excluded Wuhan) and China (excluded Hubei). Before the causative pathogen was identified, the search volume of “Influenza” and “Pneumonia” in Wuhan increased with the number of new onset cases, their correlation coefficient was 0.69 and 0.59, respectively. After the pathogen was public but before COVID-19 was classified as a notifiable disease, the search volume of “SARS”, “Pneumonia”, “Coronavirus” in all study areas increased with the number of new onset cases with the correlation coefficient was 0.69 ~ 0.89, while “Influenza” changed to negative correlated (rs: -0.56 ~ -0.64). After COVID-19 was closely monitored, the Baidu Search Index of “COVID-19”, “Pneumonia”, “Coronavirus”, “SARS” and “Mask” could predict the epidemic trend with 15 days, 5 days and 6 days lead time, respectively in Wuhan, Hubei (excluded Wuhan) and China (excluded Hubei). The predicted number of cases would increase 1.84 and 4.81 folds, respectively than the actual number of cases in Wuhan and Hubei (excluded Wuhan) from 21 January to 9 February. Conclusion The Baidu Search Index could be used in the early warning and predicting the epidemic trend of COVID-19, but the search keywords changed in different period. Considering the time lag from onset to diagnosis, especially in the areas with medical resources shortage, internet search data can be a highly effective supplement of the existing surveillance system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedA Kawaguchi, K Nagaoka, H Kawasuji, T Kawagishi, T Fuchigami, K Ikeda, JI Kanatani, T Doi, K Oishi, Y. Yamamoto
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Between 2020–2024, the global spread of Streptococcus pyogenes emm lineage M1UK has been identified as an emerging public health concern [1–4]. The strain was first described in the UK, where it was associated with an increase in scarlet fever cases from 2014 to 2018 [5]. One key aspect of this specific variant is a significantly high incidence of severe community-acquired pneumonia complicated by empyema, which has been reported in several countries [6–8]. Precedent or concurrent respiratory viral infection, mostly caused by influenza viruses, has been suggested to trigger pulmonary invasive group A Streptococcus (PiGAS) infections [6-9].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background Pediatric hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at high-risk for morbidity from influenza virus infection. We demonstrated in a primary phase II randomized controlled trial that two post-HCT doses of high-dose trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-TIV) given four weeks apart were more immunogenic than two doses of standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (SD-QIV). Herein, we present immunogenicity and safety of influenza vaccination in a consecutive season post-HCT using the same dosing regimen.Methods A subcohort of study participants re-enrolled and had hemagglutinin inhibition (HAI) titers measured at baseline and four weeks after each vaccine dose in year two. We estimated geometric mean fold rise (GMFR) in HAI titer from baseline for each group and used linear mixed effects models to estimate adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMR, comparing HD-TIV to SD-QIV) for each antigen at each time point. We described systemic and injection-site reactions.Results A total of 65 subcohort patients participated (33 SD-QIV, 32 HD-TIV). Post-vaccine GMFR and aGMR estimates were higher for both groups following a single influenza vaccine dose in year two compared to two doses of the same formulation in year one. Both groups had similar frequencies of injection-site and systemic reactions.Conclusions A single dose of HD-TIV or SD-QIV was more immunogenic in year two than two doses of the same formulation in year one. Reactogenicity was comparable between groups. One dose of influenza vaccine may be sufficient after a two-dose schedule in the prior year post-HCT.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 17.09.2024
Tilføjet 17.09.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Huimin Qu, Yichao Guo, Xiaohao Guo, Kang Fang, Jiadong Wu, Tao Li, Jia Rui, Hongjie Wei, Kun Su, Tianmu Chen
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPingping Wang Jianing Guo Yefan Zhou Min Zhu Senbiao Fang Fanyuan Sun Chongqiang Huang Yaohui Zhu Huabo Zhou Boyu Pan Yifeng Qin Kang Ouyang Zuzhang Wei Weijian Huang Adolfo García-Sastre Ying Chen a Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinab Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinae National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinaf Huabo Pet Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAh Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAi Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 14.09.2024
Tilføjet 14.09.2024
Luca Bordes Evelien A. Germeraad Marit Roose Nadiah M. H. A. van Eijk Marc Engelsma Wim H. M. van der Poel Sandra Vreman Nancy Beerens a Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (Wageningen University and Research), Lelystad, The Netherlandsb Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Emerg Microbes Infect, 13.09.2024
Tilføjet 13.09.2024
Michael J. TiszaBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, Blake M. HansonUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, Justin R. Clark, Li Wang, Katelyn Payne, and Matthew C. RossBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, Kristina D. Mena, and Anna GitterUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, Sara J. Javornik Cregeen, Juwan Cormier, Vasanthi Avadhanula, and Austen TerwilligerBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, John BalliewEl Paso Water Utility, El Paso, TX, Fuqing Wu, Janelle Rios, and Jennifer DeeganUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, Pedro A. Piedra, and Joseph F. PetrosinoBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX jpetrosi@bcm.edu, Eric BoerwinkleUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houstin, TX eric.boerwinkle@uth.tmc.edu, Anthony W. MaressoBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX maresso@bcm.edu
New England Journal of Medicine, 12.09.2024
Tilføjet 12.09.2024
Pei Gao, Jianlei Ding, Xinshan Li, Bosen Peng, Fei Liu, Shiyuan Zhang, Leyan Wang, Jiayi Feng, Chengfei Li, Bin Xiang, Jinyou Ma
Journal of Medical Virology, 12.09.2024
Tilføjet 12.09.2024
Ariful Islam Michelle Wille Mohammed Ziaur Rahman Ashleigh F. Porter Mohammed Enayet Hosaain Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan Tahmina Shirin Jonathan H. Epstein Marcel Klaassen a Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australiab EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, USAc Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology,Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australiad Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australiae One Health Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh, Bangladeshf Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australiag Queensland Alliance for One Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australiah Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladeshi Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka Bangladesh
Emerg Microbes Infect, 11.09.2024
Tilføjet 11.09.2024
Dabrera, Gavin
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 11.09.2024
Tilføjet 11.09.2024
Purpose of review This review aims to discuss the current state of human infections with Avian Influenza A (H5) and (H9) viruses, to support awareness of the global epidemiology among clinicians and public health professionals interested in emerging respiratory infections. Recent findings Among increasing numbers of detections in avian species of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b globally, reported human cases of severe infection have been rare. Enhanced surveillance of persons exposed to avian species infected with Influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in different countries has identified small numbers of asymptomatic individuals with Avian Influenza A (H5N1) detected by PCR from the upper respiratory tract; some of these instances have been considered to represent contamination rather than infection. There have also been recent sporadic human cases of Avian Influenza A(H9N2) internationally, including in China and Cambodia. Summary Human infections with Avian Influenza A(H5) and (H9) viruses remain of interest as an emerging infection both to clinicians and public health professionals. While maintaining effective surveillance is essential, one health strategies to control infection in avian species will be key to mitigating these risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 11.09.2024
Tilføjet 11.09.2024
As part of its response to the multistate outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an update, including its findings from a study of 35 farmworkers exposed to H5N1-infected dairy cattle in Michigan.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJinyan Shen Hong Zhang Xiaohong Sun Yaping Zhang Mengjing Wang Mengdi Guan Lili Liu Wenxi Li Hongke Xu Yujiao Xie Anran Ren Fengyang Cao Wenqiang Liu Guohua Deng Jing Guo Xuyong Li a College of Agriculture and Biology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of Chinab Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 10.09.2024
Tilføjet 10.09.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.09.2024
Tilføjet 10.09.2024
Abstract The neurological complications of influenza affect mainly the pediatric Asian population. In the category of influenza-associated encephalopathy, acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rapidly progressive and fulminant brain disorder associated with significant neurological sequelae and mortality. To date, only a few adult cases of influenza-associated ANE have been reported. We describe a 44-year-old woman who presented with rapid progression of consciousness impairment and recurrent generalized convulsions. Influenza was diagnosed three days prior to presentation, and infection with influenza A (H3N2) pdm09 was subsequently confirmed. A diagnosis of ANE was made based on the presence of characteristic brain MRI findings, the exclusion of central nervous system infection, and an elevated serum interleukin-6 level. Pulse steroid therapy followed by tocilizumab was initiated, which led to clinical stabilization and improvement. Genetic testing revealed that the patient carried heterozygous human leukocyte antigen DQB1 03:03 and DRB1 09:01 genotypes. An analysis of the adult cases of influenza-associated ANE in the literature and the present case revealed a wide range of ages (22–71 years), a short interval (median 3 days) between the clinical onset of influenza and ANE, and a high overall mortality rate (32%). The thalamus was the most frequent (91%) location of the lesions. Our report highlights the importance of identifying this devastating but treatable neurological complication of influenza in adults, especially those of Asian descent. As a cytokine storm is the most accepted pathogenic mechanism for ANE, cytokine-directed therapies may be promising treatments for which further investigation is warranted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.09.2024
Tilføjet 10.09.2024
Abstract Background While COVID-19 has been controlled and deaths have decreased, the long-term consequences of COVID-19 remain a challenge we face today. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the apoptosis of lymphocyte cells with DNA damage and oxidative stress and the therapeutic and clinical outcomes of elderly patients with COVID-19. Methods This study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2021 (the period of severe attacks of the epidemic peak of COVID-19) and September 2022 (the post-COVID-19 period). The study groups included elderly patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the ICU and normal wards of the hospital as well as elderly patients with influenza. A polymerase chain reaction was used to check the validity of the studied diseases. The Annexin V/Propidium Iodide method was used to evaluate the level of apoptosis. Genotoxic effects and DNA damage were assessed by the comet assay method. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were measured by photometric methods. Results The highest level of apoptosis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and the highest level of DNA damage were observed at both times in the intubated-ICU and non-intubated-ICU groups. In all groups, there was a significant increase in peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis levels and DNA damage levels compared to the healthy control group (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDongchang He Xiyue Wang Huiguang Wu Kairui Cai Xiaoli Song Xiaoquan Wang Jiao Hu Shunlin Hu Xiaowen Liu Chan Ding Daxin Peng Shuo Su Min Gu Xiufan Liu a Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Chinac Animal Epidemic Prevention Office, Jiangsu Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinad Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Chinae Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Chinaf Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, Chinag College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Virulence, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Xue Zhao Yijing Gu Xiaode Tang Chenyan Jiang Fanghao Fang Wei Chu Lixin Tao Xi Zhang Min Chen Huanyu Wu Youhua Xie Jing Liu Zheng Teng a Virus Testing Laboratory, Pathogen Testing Center, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH/CAMS) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinac Microbiological Testing Department, Shanghai Baoshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinad Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Huangpu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinae Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Fengxian District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Conrad Keating
Lancet, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
This is a dangerous time for global health, not least given widespread vaccine disinformation across social media, with the aim of undermining societal trust in life-saving vaccines. Compounding this spread of fake propaganda and its potential to contribute to avoidable deaths are ongoing pandemic threats. In June, 2024, No Time to Gamble: Leaders Must Unite to Prevent Pandemics, a report by Helen Clark and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former Co-Chairs of the influential Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, highlighted two alarming developments: the transmission of highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) into mammals and the emergence of the more virulent clade 1b variant of mpox virus in DR Congo.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDenise Hsu, Akila Jayaraman, Alicia Pucci, Riya Joshi, Kevin Mancini, Hui Ling Chen, Kindra Koslovsky, Xuezhou Mao, Angela Choi, Carole Henry, Jignesh Vakil, Daniel Stadlbauer, Patricia Jorquera, Guha Asthagiri Arunkumar, Nelia E Sanchez-Crespo, L Tyler Wadsworth, Vellore Bhupathy, Evelyn Du, Andrei Avanesov, Jintanat Ananworanich, Raffael Nachbagauer
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
These data support the continued clinical development of mRNA-based next-generation seasonal influenza vaccines with broadened influenza A/H3N2 strain coverage.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
Abstract Background On March 16th 2024, the first case of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3 since the end of the global COVID-19 Pandemic was reported in Kunming, China. To enhance comprehension of the source of infection and risk factors of the H10N3 virus infection, this case report summarizes the clinical features, epidemiological investigation, and laboratory test results. Provides recommendations for the prevention and control of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3. Case presentation A 51-year-old male with a history of COVID-19 infection and a smoking habit of 30 years, worked in livestock breeding and was exposed to sick and dead poultry before falling ill with fever and chills on 28th February 2024. A week later, he was diagnosed with severe pneumonia, influenza, and respiratory failure by the Third People\'s Hospital of Kunming(KM-TPH). He was discharged on 17th April and none of his 6 close contacts showed any symptoms of illness. Environmental samples taken from the epidemic spot revealed that peacock feces tested positive for avian influenza sub-type H9 and waterfowl specimens showed positive results for avian influenza sub-type H5. Gene sequencing conducted on positive specimens from the patient\'s respiratory tract by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) showed a high degree of similarity (98.6–99.5%) with the strain responsible for the second global case of human infected with H10N3 (reported from Zhejiang, China 2022). Conclusions According to the available epidemiological information, there is limited evidence to suggest that H10N3 viruses are excessively lethal. However, adaptive site mutations have been observed in the H10N3 isoform of mammals. While it is unlikely that the H10N3 virus will spread among humans, the possibility of additional cases cannot be entirely ruled out. Symptoms of human infection with H10N3 avian influenza are similar to those of common respiratory infections, which may result in them being overlooked during initial clinical consultations. Therefore, it is essential to improve surveillance of the H10 sub-type of avian influenza and to increase the awareness of hospital-related workers of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiapei Yu Congcong Shang Xiaoyan Deng Ju Jia Xiao Shang Zeyi Wang Ying Zheng Rongling Zhang Yeming Wang Hui Zhang Hongyu Liu William J. Liu Hui Li Bin Cao a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad THU-PKU Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinag National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 3.09.2024
Tilføjet 3.09.2024
Omnia Kutkat Mokhtar Gomaa Yassmin Moatasim Ahmed El Taweel Mina Nabil Kamel Mohamed El Sayes Mohamed GabAllah Ahmed Kandeil Pamela P. McKenzie Richard J. Webby Ghazi Kayali Mohamed Ahmed Ali Rabeh El-Shesheny a Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egyptb Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USAc Human Link DMCC, Dubai, UAE
Emerg Microbes Infect, 1.09.2024
Tilføjet 1.09.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Abstract Influenza-like illness (ILI) patients co-detected with respiratory pathogens exhibit poorer health outcomes than those with single infections. To address the paucity of knowledge concerning the incidence of concurrent respiratory pathogens, their relationships, and the clinical differences between patients detected with single and multiple pathogens, we performed an in-depth characterization of the oropharyngeal samples of primary care patients collected in Genoa (Northwest Italy), during winter seasons 2018/19–2019/20. The apriori algorithm was employed to evaluate the incidence of viral, bacterial, and viral-bacterial pairs during the study period. The grade of correlation between pathogens was investigated using the Phi coefficient. Factors associated with viral, bacterial or viral-bacterial co-detection were assessed using logistic regression. The most frequently identified pathogens included influenza A, rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The highest correlations were found between bacterial-bacterial and viral-bacterial pairs, such as Haemophilus influenzae-Streptococcus pneumoniae, adenovirus-Haemophilus influenzae, adenovirus-Streptococcus pneumoniae, RSV-A-Bordetella pertussis, and influenza B Victoria-Bordetella parapertussis. Viruses were detected together at significantly lower rates. Notably, rhinovirus, influenza, and RSV exhibited significant negative correlations with each other. Co-detection was more prevalent in children aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of common respiratory tract infection pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of respiratory tract infection. Methods A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on 11,538 children with respiratory tract infections at Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2022 to November 2023. The types of respiratory tract infections, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections, as well as five respiratory pathogens: influenza A virus (influenza A), influenza B virus (influenza B virus, adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections, were analyzed and compared for different genders, ages, temperatures, and air quality in different months; And the changes of five pathogens in children with respiratory tract infections of different disease severity. Results From December 2022 to November 2023, a total of 11,538 children with respiratory infections were included in the analysis, including 6436 males and 5102 females, with an age of 4.92 ± 2.03 years. The proportion of upper respiratory tract infections is as high as 72.17%, and lower respiratory tract infections account for 27.83%. Among them, 2387 were positive for Flu A antigen, with a positive rate of 20.69%, 51 cases were positive for Flu B antigen, and the positive rate was 0.4%, 1296 cases were positive for adv antigen, with a positive rate of 11.23%, 868 cases were positive for RSV antigen, with a positive rate of 7.52%, 2481 cases were positive for MP IgM antibody or MP antigen, and the positive rate was 21.50%. Flu B in male children The infection rate of ADV and MP was higher than that of female children (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNiklas Dyrby Johansen, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ankeet S. Bhatt, Daniel Modin, Safia Chatur, Brian L. Claggett, Kira Hyldekær Janstrup, Carsten Schade Larsen, Lykke Larsen, Lothar Wiese, Michael Dalager-Pedersen, Lars Køber, Scott D. Solomon, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen, Cyril Jean-Marie Martel, Tyra Grove Krause, Tor Biering-Sørensen
Nature, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Edessa, D., Kumsa, F. A., Dinsa, G., Oljira, L.
BMJ Open, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
ObjectiveAntibiotic misuse includes using them to treat colds and influenza, obtaining them without a prescription, not finishing the prescribed course and sharing them with others. Although drug providers are well positioned to advise clients on proper stewardship practices, antibiotic misuse continues to rise in Ethiopia. It necessitates an understanding of why drug providers failed to limit such risky behaviours. This study aimed to explore drug providers’ perspectives on antibiotic misuse practices in eastern Ethiopia. SettingThe study was conducted in rural Haramaya district and Harar town, eastern Ethiopia. Design and participantsAn exploratory qualitative study was undertaken between March and June 2023, among the 15 drug providers. In-depth interviews were conducted using pilot-tested, semistructured questions. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analysed thematically. The analyses considered the entire dataset and field notes. ResultsThe study identified self-medication pressures, non-prescribed dispensing motives, insufficient regulatory functions and a lack of specific antibiotic use policy as the key contributors to antibiotic misuse. We found previous usage experience, a desire to avoid extra costs and a lack of essential diagnostics and antibiotics in public institutions as the key drivers of non-prescribed antibiotic access from private drug suppliers. Non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in pharmacies was driven by client satisfaction, financial gain, business survival and market competition from informal sellers. Antibiotic misuse in the setting has also been linked to traditional and ineffective dispensing audits, inadequate regulatory oversights and policy gaps. ConclusionThis study highlights profits and oversimplified access to antibiotics as the main motivations for their misuse. It also identifies the traditional antibiotic dispensing audit as an inefficient regulatory operation. Hence, enforcing specific antibiotic usage policy guidance that entails an automated practice audit, a responsible office and insurance coverage for persons with financial limitations can help optimise antibiotic use while reducing resistance consequences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
Abstract Objective At different times, public health faces various challenges and the degree of intervention measures varies. The research on the impact and prediction of meteorology factors on influenza is increasing gradually, however, there is currently no evidence on whether its research results are affected by different periods. This study aims to provide limited evidence to reveal this issue. Methods Daily data on influencing factors and influenza in Xiamen were divided into three parts: overall period (phase AB), non-COVID-19 epidemic period (phase A), and COVID-19 epidemic period (phase B). The association between influencing factors and influenza was analysed using generalized additive models (GAMs). The excess risk (ER) was used to represent the percentage change in influenza as the interquartile interval (IQR) of meteorology factors increases. The 7-day average daily influenza cases were predicted using the combination of bi-directional long short memory (Bi-LSTM) and random forest (RF) through multi-step rolling input of the daily multifactor values of the previous 7-day. Results In periods A and AB, air temperature below 22 °C was a risk factor for influenza. However, in phase B, temperature showed a U-shaped effect on it. Relative humidity had a more significant cumulative effect on influenza in phase AB than in phase A (peak: accumulate 14d, AB: ER = 281.54, 95% CI = 245.47 ~ 321.37; A: ER = 120.48, 95% CI = 100.37 ~ 142.60). Compared to other age groups, children aged 4–12 were more affected by pressure, precipitation, sunshine, and day light, while those aged ≥ 13 were more affected by the accumulation of humidity over multiple days. The accuracy of predicting influenza was highest in phase A and lowest in phase B. Conclusions The varying degrees of intervention measures adopted during different phases led to significant differences in the impact of meteorology factors on influenza and in the influenza prediction. In association studies of respiratory infectious diseases, especially influenza, and environmental factors, it is advisable to exclude periods with more external interventions to reduce interference with environmental factors and influenza related research, or to refine the model to accommodate the alterations brought about by intervention measures. In addition, the RF-Bi-LSTM model has good predictive performance for influenza.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSimon Feys, Agostinho Carvalho, Cornelius J Clancy, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Martin Hoenigl, Katrien Lagrou, Bart J A Rijnders, Laura Seldeslachts, Lore Vanderbeke, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Paul E Verweij, Joost Wauters
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are increasingly recognised as important complications in patients requiring intensive care for severe viral pneumonia. The diagnosis can typically be made in 10–20% of patients with severe influenza or COVID-19, but only when appropriate diagnostic tools are used. Bronchoalveolar lavage sampling for culture, galactomannan testing, and PCR forms the cornerstone of diagnosis, whereas visual examination of the tracheobronchial tract during bronchoscopy is required to detect invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Tae-Jong Kim, Hong-Joon Shin, Tae-Ok Kim, Yong-Soo Kwon
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
by Eun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Tae-Jong Kim, Hong-Joon Shin, Tae-Ok Kim, Yong-Soo Kwon Although gastroesophageal reflux has been recognized as one of the risk factors of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) progression, the effect of reflux on the lower respiratory tract microbiota has not been studied in detail. We investigated the composition of the lower respiratory tract microbiota in patients with clinically suspected NTM-PD, comparing them based on the presence of reflux. Forty-seven patients suspected of having NTM-PD were enrolled and assigned according to presence of reflux (n = 22) and non- reflux (n = 25). We performed a pepsin ELISA assay to identify the presence of reflux and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There were no significant differences in the diversity or composition of the lower respiratory microbiota between the NTM-PD and non-NTM-PD groups. Bacterial richness was observed in the non-reflux group than in the reflux group [P = 0.03] and a cluster in the reflux group was observed. The reflux group showed a predominance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus among the NTM-PD group and for P. aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Eikenella species among the non-NTM-PD group. The non-reflux groups presented diverse patterns. A linear discriminant analysis and volcano plot demonstrated that P. aeruginosa, H. haemolyticus, Selenomonas artemidis, and Dolosigranulum pigrum were specifically associated with the NTM-PD reflux group, while P. aeruginosa was specifically associated with the non-NTM-PD reflux group. These observations confirm that the lower respiratory microbiota is consistently altered by reflux but not in NTM-PD.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedP. Loubet, S. Fourati, D. Bouzid
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.08.2024
Tilføjet 28.08.2024
Rapid respiratory syndrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) panels have improved pathogen detection in patients with acute respiratory infections [1]. Most of the current guidelines do not recommend their routine use in emergency departments. A recent meta-analysis on the use of rapid respiratory virus testing in Emergency Departments (ED) including more than 6000 patients (84% children) found no association with antibiotic use but higher use of influenza antivirals and less use of chest X-ray and blood tests [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuta Okada, Minami Ueda, Hiroshi Nishiura
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 27.08.2024
Tilføjet 27.08.2024
Despite the continuing threat of COVID-19, regions and countries worldwide have gradually ceased strict countermeasures, and public health efforts to mitigate the impact of the disease have gradually been brought to a level comparable to those of other existing infectious diseases such as seasonal influenza. Contrary to countries that not only downgraded COVID-19 testing policies but also transit to sentinel surveillance rather than universal reporting in the earlier phase of the pandemic [1,2], Japan has successfully controlled the epidemic size of COVID-19 [3], where universal reporting of diagnosed cases, hospitalized severe patients, and deceased individuals was carried out under the Infection Control Law up to May 8, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaeyong Kwon Bianca L. Artiaga Chester D. McDowell Kristin M. Whitworth Kevin D. Wells Randall S. Prather Gustavo Delhon Mark Cigan Stephen N. White Jamie Retallick Natasha N. Gaudreault Igor Morozov Juergen A. Richt a Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USAb Division of Animal Science & National Swine Resource and Research Center, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USAc School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USAd Genus plc, DeForest, WI, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 25.08.2024
Tilføjet 25.08.2024
Lin Xu Meiqing Song Xianzhi Tian Ju Sun Yanjun Wang Mengyu Bie Yuhai Bi Edward C. Holmes Yi Guan Jianjun Chen Juan Li Weifeng Shi a School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, People’s Republic of Chinac CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australiaf Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinag Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinah State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 25.08.2024
Tilføjet 25.08.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.08.2024
Tilføjet 25.08.2024
Abstract Background Viral respiratory illnesses are the most common acute illnesses experienced and generally follow a predicted pattern over time. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic interrupted that pattern.Methods The HIVE (Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation) study was established in 2010 to follow a cohort of Southeast Michigan households over time. Initially focused on influenza, surveillance was expanded to include other major respiratory pathogens, and, starting in 2015, the population was followed year-round. Symptoms of acute illness were reported, and respiratory specimens were collected and tested to identify viral infections. Based on the known population being followed, virus-specific incidence was calculated.Results From 2015 to 2022, 1755 participants were followed in HIVE for 7785 person-years with 7833 illnesses documented. Before the pandemic, rhinovirus (RV) and common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were the viruses most frequently identified, and incidence decreased with increasing age. Type A influenza was next but with comparable incidence by age. Parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses were less frequent overall, followed by human metapneumoviruses. Incidence was highest in young children, but infections were frequently documented in all age groups. Seasonality followed patterns established decades ago. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted these patterns, except for RV and, to a lesser extent, HCoVs. In the first two years of the pandemic, RV incidence far exceeded that of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion Longitudinal cohort studies are important in comparing the incidence, seasonality, and characteristics of different respiratory viral infections. Studies documented the differential effect of the pandemic on the incidence of respiratory viruses in addition to SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHélène Bricout, Marie-Cécile Levant, Nada Assi, Pascal Crépey, Alexandre Descamps, Karine Mari, Jacques Gaillat, Gaétan Gavazzi, Benjamin Grenier, Odile Launay, Anne Mosnier, Fanny Raguideau, Laurence Watier, Rebecca C. Harris, Ayman Chit
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
High-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (HD-QIV) was introduced during the 2021/22 influenza season in France for adults aged ≥65 years as an alternative to standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccines (SD-QIV). The aim of this study is to estimate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of HD-QIV versus SD-QIV against influenza-related hospitalisations in France.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
Abstract Background Patients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) using immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of infections, including vaccine-preventable infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with IMIDs on systemic immunosuppressive therapy are vaccinated according to current guidelines. Methods A survey was sent out, between August 2022 and March 2023, to all patients with IMIDs that visited the departments of dermatology, rheumatology and gastroenterology at an academic and regional hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Patient-reported vaccination status was compared to the Dutch guidelines on vaccinations in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Results A total of 1,905/5,987 patients responded to the survey (response rate 32%). After exclusion of patients without systemic immunosuppressive medication, the study population comprised 1,390 patients, median age 56 years (IQR 42–66) and 41% male. Most patients (92%) had been vaccinated according to the Dutch National Immunization Program. Before starting immunosuppressive therapy, 2% of the patients who were still considered at risk according to the Dutch guideline were vaccinated for measles, and 4% for diphtheria/tetanus/polio (DT-IPV). Additionally, 62% of patients received an annual influenza vaccine, 16% received a five-yearly pneumococcal vaccine, and 91% were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusion Patients with IMIDs on immunosuppressive therapy are not vaccinated in accordance with the guidelines. Implementation strategies to improve the vaccination rates for patients with IMIDs should specifically focus on vaccinating against measles and diphtheria/tetanus/polio, and periodic vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
Abstract Background An unmet need exists for effective antivirals to treat patients hospitalized with influenza. The results of 2 Phase 3 studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of pimodivir in combination with investigator-chosen standard-of-care (SoC) treatment are presented.Methods Hospitalized patients (hospital study; NCT03376321) and high-risk outpatients (outpatient study; NCT03381196) with laboratory-confirmed influenza A infection were randomized 1:1 to 600 mg pimodivir twice daily (BID) + SoC, or placebo BID + SoC for 5 days. For most patients SoC included oseltamivir. Primary endpoints were Hospital Recovery Scale (HRS) at Day 6 (hospital study) and median time to resolution (TTR) of influenza-related symptoms (outpatient study).Results Pimodivir + SoC (oseltamivir) treatment showed no clinical benefit over placebo + SoC on HRS at Day 6 (common odds ratio, 0.943 [95% CI, 0.609–1.462], P = .397; hospital study). A shorter median TTR of 7 symptoms was estimated with pimodivir + SoC versus placebo (92.6 hours [95% CI, 77.6–104.2] versus 105.1 hours [95% CI, 92.7–128.6], P = .0216; outpatient study).Conclusion Pimodivir + SoC showed no additional clinical benefit versus SoC treatment alone in hospitalized patients. Pimodivir + SoC demonstrated shorter TTR of influenza symptoms versus placebo + SoC in high-risk outpatients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYa Gao, Gordon Guyatt, Timothy M Uyeki, Ming Liu, Yamin Chen, Yunli Zhao, Yanjiao Shen, Jianguo Xu, Qingyong Zheng, Zhifan Li, Wanyu Zhao, Shuyue Luo, Xiaoyan Chen, Jinhui Tian, Qiukui Hao
Lancet, 23.08.2024
Tilføjet 23.08.2024
In hospitalised patients with severe influenza, oseltamivir and peramivir might reduce duration of hospitalisation compared with standard care or placebo, although the certainty of evidence is low. The effects of all antivirals on mortality and other important patient outcomes are very uncertain due to scarce data from randomised controlled trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYunli Zhao, Ya Gao, Gordon Guyatt, Timothy M Uyeki, Ping Liu, Ming Liu, Yanjiao Shen, Xiaoyan Chen, Shuyue Luo, Xingsheng Li, Rongzhong Huang, Qiukui Hao
Lancet, 23.08.2024
Tilføjet 23.08.2024
Post-exposure prophylaxis with zanamivir, oseltamivir, laninamivir, or baloxavir probably decreases the risk of symptomatic seasonal influenza in individuals at high risk for severe disease after exposure to seasonal influenza viruses. Post-exposure prophylaxis with zanamivir, oseltamivir, laninamivir, or baloxavir might reduce the risk of symptomatic zoonotic influenza after exposure to novel influenza A viruses associated with severe disease in infected humans.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.08.2024
Tilføjet 23.08.2024
Abstract Background Patients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) using immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of infections, including vaccine-preventable infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with IMIDs on systemic immunosuppressive therapy are vaccinated according to current guidelines. Methods A survey was sent out, between August 2022 and March 2023, to all patients with IMIDs that visited the departments of dermatology, rheumatology and gastroenterology at an academic and regional hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Patient-reported vaccination status was compared to the Dutch guidelines on vaccinations in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Results A total of 1,905/5,987 patients responded to the survey (response rate 32%). After exclusion of patients without systemic immunosuppressive medication, the study population comprised 1,390 patients, median age 56 years (IQR 42–66) and 41% male. Most patients (92%) had been vaccinated according to the Dutch National Immunization Program. Before starting immunosuppressive therapy, 2% of the patients who were still considered at risk according to the Dutch guideline were vaccinated for measles, and 4% for diphtheria/tetanus/polio (DT-IPV). Additionally, 62% of patients received an annual influenza vaccine, 16% received a five-yearly pneumococcal vaccine, and 91% were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusion Patients with IMIDs on immunosuppressive therapy are not vaccinated in accordance with the guidelines. Implementation strategies to improve the vaccination rates for patients with IMIDs should specifically focus on vaccinating against measles and diphtheria/tetanus/polio, and periodic vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAntonio E. Pontiroli, Ivan Zanoni, Elisabetta Tanzi, Elena Tagliabue, Lucia La Sala
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.08.2024
Tilføjet 22.08.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21.08.2024
Tilføjet 21.08.2024
Abstract Background Influenza causes substantial morbidity, particularly among older individuals. Updated data on the effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines in this population are needed.Methods At Kaiser Permanente Southern California, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of high-dose (HD), adjuvanted, and standard-dose (SD) cell-based influenza vaccines, relative to the SD egg-based vaccine. We included adults aged ≥65 years who received an influenza vaccine between 1 August 2022 and 31 December 2022, with follow-up up to 20 May 2023. Primary outcomes were: (1) influenza-related medical encounters and (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza-related hospitalization. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). cVE (%) was calculated as (1—aHR) × 100 when aHR ≤1, and ([1/aHR]—1) × 100 when aHR >1.Results Our study population (n = 495 119) was 54.9% female, 46.3% non-Hispanic White, with a median age of 73 years (interquartile range [IQR] 69–79). Characteristics of all groups were well balanced after IPTW. Adjusted cVEs against influenza-related medical encounters in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based vaccine groups were 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: .9, 16.7), 16.9% (95% CI: 1.7, 29.8), and −6.3 (95% CI: −18.3, 6.9), respectively. Adjusted cVEs against PCR-confirmed hospitalization in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based groups were 25.1% (95% CI: .2, 43.8), 61.6% (95% CI: 18.1, 82.0), and 26.4% (95% CI: −18.3, 55.7), respectively.Conclusions Compared to the SD egg-based vaccine, HD and adjuvanted vaccines conferred additional protection against influenza-related outcomes in the 2022–2023 season in adults ≥65 years. Our results provide real-world evidence of the comparative effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 20.08.2024
Tilføjet 20.08.2024
Publication date: Available online 19 August 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Yiquan Wang, Huibin Lv, Qi Wen Teo, Ruipeng Lei, Akshita B. Gopal, Wenhao O. Ouyang, Yuen-Hei Yeung, Timothy J.C. Tan, Danbi Choi, Ivana R. Shen, Xin Chen, Claire S. Graham, Nicholas C. Wu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDe-Jian Liu Xiu-Qin Zhong Yan-Xia Ru Shi-Long Zhao Cui-Cui Liu Yi-Bo Tang Xuan Wu Yi-Shuai Zhang Hui-Hui Zhang Jia-Yue She Mu-Yang Wan Yao-Wang Li He-Ping Zheng Lei Deng a Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinac Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of Chinad Beijing Weimiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 19.08.2024
Tilføjet 19.08.2024
Fatemeh Alizadeh, Hamideh Aghajani, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Yeganeh Talebkhan, Ehsan Arefian, Sepideh Samavat, Rouhollah Raufi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.08.2024
Tilføjet 16.08.2024
by Fatemeh Alizadeh, Hamideh Aghajani, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Yeganeh Talebkhan, Ehsan Arefian, Sepideh Samavat, Rouhollah Raufi The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is a powerful tool in pharmaceutical biotechnology to infect insect cells and produce the recombinant proteins of interest. It has been well documented that optimizing the culture condition and its supplementation through designed experiments is critical for maximum protein production. In this study, besides physicochemical parameters including incubation temperature, cell count of infection, multiplicity of infection, and feeding percentage, potential supplementary factors such as cholesterol, polyamine, galactose, pluronic-F68, glucose, L-glutamine, and ZnSO4 were screened for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell culture and expression of hemagglutinin (HA) protein of Influenza virus via Placket-Burman design and then optimized through Box-Behnken approach. The optimized conditions were then applied for scale-up culture and the expressed r-HA protein was characterized. Optimization of selected parameters via the Box-Behnken approach indicated that feed percentage, cell count, and multiplicity of infection are the main parameters affecting r-HA expression level and potency compared to the previously established culture condition. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of designing experiments to select and optimize important parameters that potentially affect Sf9 cell culture, r-HA expression, and its potency in the BEVS system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.08.2024
Tilføjet 16.08.2024
Abstract Background Describing the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases across different regions is crucial for effective disease surveillance. The multivariate time series (MTS) model has been widely adopted for constructing cross-regional infectious disease transmission networks due to its strengths in interpretability and predictive performance. Nevertheless, the assumption of constant parameters frequently disregards the dynamic shifts in disease transmission rates, thereby compromising the accuracy of early warnings. This study investigated the applicability of time-varying MTS models in multi-regional infectious disease monitoring and explored strategies for model selection. Methods This study focused on two prominent time-varying MTS models: the time-varying parameter-stochastic volatility-vector autoregression (TVP-SV-VAR) model and the time-varying VAR model using the generalized additive framework (tvvarGAM), and intended to explore and verify their applicable conditions for the surveillance of infectious diseases. For the first time, this study proposed the time delay coefficient and spatial sparsity indicators for model selection. These indicators quantify the temporal lags and spatial distribution of infectious disease data, respectively. Simulation study adopted from real-world infectious disease surveillance was carried out to compare model performances under various scenarios of spatio-temporal variation as well as random volatility. Meanwhile, we illustrated how the modelling process could help the surveillance of infectious diseases with an application to the influenza-like case in Sichuan Province, China. Results When the spatio-temporal variation was small (time delay coefficient: 0.1–0.2, spatial sparsity:0.1–0.3), the TVP-SV-VAR model was superior with smaller fitting residuals and standard errors of parameter estimation than those of the tvvarGAM model. In contrast, the tvvarGAM model was preferable when the spatio-temporal variation increased (time delay coefficient: 0.2–0.3, spatial sparsity: 0.6–0.9). Conclusion This study emphasized the importance of considering spatio-temporal variations when selecting appropriate models for infectious disease surveillance. By incorporating our novel indicators—the time delay coefficient and spatial sparsity—into the model selection process, the study could enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of infectious disease monitoring efforts. This approach was not only valuable in the context of this study, but also has broader implications for improving time-varying MTS analyses in various applications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.08.2024
Tilføjet 15.08.2024
Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. However, studies on the prevalence of respiratory viruses among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming, China, are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 4956 children with acute respiratory infections at Yunnan Provincial First People’s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022, patients with COVID-19 were excluded from the study. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect respiratory pathogens. Results The frequency of respiratory pathogens among children was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2021 and 2022. The following pathogens had the highest prevalence rates (in descending order) from 2020 to 2022: HRV > RSV > PIV > ADV > MP; HRV > RSV > HADV > PIV > MP and HRV > Mp > HADV > H3N2 > HMPV. The overall frequency of respiratory pathogens exhibited an inverted U-shape with increasing age among the children. Human bocavirus, human parainfluenza virus, and human respiratory syncytial virus were the dominant respiratory viruses in children aged ≤ 3 years, whereas Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the dominant respiratory pathogen in children aged > 3 years. HRV has the highest prevalence and is the main pathogen of mixed infection. The prevalence of the influenza A virus has decreased significantly, whereas HRSV and Mp are found to be seasonal. Conclusions Our findings offer an objective evaluation of transmission dynamics and epidemiological shifts in respiratory pathogens during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Kunming, serving as a basis for informed decision-making, prevention, and treatment strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXueyun Li Tingting Jia Kele Wang Liangliang Wang Lijuan Zhou Mao Li Wenfei Zhu Yuelong Shu Yongkun Chen a School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinad National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.08.2024
Tilføjet 15.08.2024