COVID-19
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Guidelines 1 COVID-19 retningslinje (2022v21)
Version 21 (31.5.22) Væsentlige ændringer i denne version: Opdateret mAb anbefaling på baggrund af pågående epidemi med Omicron BA.2. Tekst om lav tærskel for procalcitonin-måling og anti-mikrobiel behandling ved tocilizumab er fjernet. Vedrørende afisolering, se særskilt vejledning på vip.regionh.dk/VIP/Admin/GUI.nsf/Desktop.html?open&openlink=https://vip.regionh.dk/VIP/Slutbruger/Portal.nsf/Main.html?open&unid=X628E0990A178D7DEC125865D003E35B3&dbpath=/VIP/Redaktoer/130177.nsf/&windowwidth=1100&windowheight=600&windowtitle=S%F8g Rapport vedrørende vurdering af behov for antivirale midler til behandling af COVID-19 kan hentes via www.infmed.dk/download?UID=2333ca95f7952cd8f514ea2737eca15b32d4366f Links 1 SSI's epidemiologiske rapporter med særligt fokus på udvalgte perspektiver af COVID-19 udbruddet
2 Sundhedsstyrelsens side om COVID-19
3 Sundhedsstyrelsens retningslinjer for håndtering af COVID-19
4 Sundhedsstyrelsens COVID-19: Risikovurdering, strategi og tiltag ved epidemi i Danmark
5 Sundhedsstyrelsens vejledning: Personer med øget risiko for alvorligt COVID-19 sygdomsforløb
6 Dansk Selskab for Infektionsmedicins dokument: Patienter med øget risiko for et alvorligt COVID-19 sygdomsforløb
Nye artikler 1 Correction: Healthy lifestyle behaviors are major predictors of mental wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic confinement: A study on adult Arabs in higher educational institutions Hashem A. KilaniI, Mo’ath F. Bataineh, Ali Al-Nawayseh, Khaled Atiyat, Omar Obeid, Maher M. Abu-Hilal, Taiysir Mansi, Maher Al-Kilani, Mahfoodha Al-Kitani, Majed El-Saleh, Ruba M. Jaber, Ahmad Sweidan, Mawaheb Himsi, Iyad Yousef, Faten Alzeer, Monther Nasrallah, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Abdulsalam Al-Za’abi, Osama Allala, Laila Al-Kilani, Asma M. Alhasan, Mohamed Ghieda, Yasir Najah, Saad Alsheekhly, Ahmad Alhaifi, Raghda Shukri, Jamal Al Adwani, Mostafa Waly, Laila Kilani, Leen H. Kilani, Ahmad S. al Shareef, Areej Kilani PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 by Hashem A. KilaniI, Mo’ath F. Bataineh, Ali Al-Nawayseh, Khaled Atiyat, Omar Obeid, Maher M. Abu-Hilal, Taiysir Mansi, Maher Al-Kilani, Mahfoodha Al-Kitani, Majed El-Saleh, Ruba M. Jaber, Ahmad Sweidan, Mawaheb Himsi, Iyad Yousef, Faten Alzeer, Monther Nasrallah, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Abdulsalam Al-Za’abi, Osama Allala, Laila Al-Kilani, Asma M. Alhasan, Mohamed Ghieda, Yasir Najah, Saad Alsheekhly, Ahmad Alhaifi, Raghda Shukri, Jamal Al Adwani, Mostafa Waly, Laila Kilani, Leen H. Kilani, Ahmad S. al Shareef, Areej Kilani Læs mere Tjek på PubMed2 Assessment of hypertension and other factors associated with the severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study Andargew Yohannes Ashamo, Abebaw Bekele, Adane Petrose, Tsegaye Gebreyes, Eyob Kebede Etissa, Amsalu Bekele, Deborah Haisch, Neil W. Schluger, Hanan Yusuf, Tewodros Haile, Negussie Deyessa, Dawit Kebede PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 by Andargew Yohannes Ashamo, Abebaw Bekele, Adane Petrose, Tsegaye Gebreyes, Eyob Kebede Etissa, Amsalu Bekele, Deborah Haisch, Neil W. Schluger, Hanan Yusuf, Tewodros Haile, Negussie Deyessa, Dawit Kebede Background Various reports suggested that pre-existing medical illnesses, including hypertension and other demographic, clinical, and laboratory factors, could pose an increased risk of disease severity and mortality among COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess the relation of hypertension and other factors to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients discharged from Eka Kotebe Hospital in June-September, 2020. Methods This is a single-center case-control study of 265 adult patients discharged alive or dead, 75 with a course of severe COVID-19 for the cases arm and 190 with the non-severe disease for the control arm. Three age and sex-matched controls were selected randomly for each patient on the case arm. Chi-square, multivariable binary logistic regression, and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the association between the various factors and the severity of the disease. A p-value of Læs mere Tjek på PubMed3 Dying to Breathe: Air Pollution Adds Insult to Injury in COVID-19 Nicholas J. Nassikas, Adam Kraus, Alison G. Lee American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 4, Page 368-369, August 15, 2022. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed4 Ambient Air Pollutant Exposures and COVID-19 Severity and Mortality in a Cohort of Patients with COVID-19 in Southern California Zhanghua Chen, Margo A. Sidell, Brian Z. Huang, Ting Chow, Sandrah P. Eckel, Mayra P. Martinez, Roya Gheissari, Fred Lurmann, Duncan C. Thomas, Frank D. Gilliland, Anny H. Xiang American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 4, Page 440-448, August 15, 2022. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed5 A Multicenter Weighted Lottery to Equitably Allocate Scarce COVID-19 Therapeutics Douglas B. White, Erin K. McCreary, Chung-Chou H. Chang, Mark Schmidhofer, J. Ryan Bariola, Naudia N. Jonassaint, Govind Persad, Robert D. Truog, Parag Pathak, Tayfun Sonmez, M. Utku Unver American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 4, Page 503-506, August 15, 2022. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed6 COVID-19 and Risk of Oxygen-Dependent Chronic Respiratory Failure: A National Cohort Study Josefin Sundh, Magnus Ekström, Andreas Palm, Mirjam Ljunggren, Össur Ingi Emilsson, Ludger Grote, Sara Cajander, Huiqi Li, Fredrik Nyberg American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 4, Page 506-509, August 15, 2022. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed7 Prioritizing Equity when Resources Are Scarce: Innovating Solutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic Christopher F. Chesley, Meghan B. Lane-Fall American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 206, Issue 4, Page 377-378, August 15, 2022. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed8 Mobility was a significant determinant of reported COVID-19 incidence during the Omicron Surge in the most populous U.S. Counties BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 Abstract
Background Significant immune escape by the Omicron variant, along with the emergence of widespread worry fatigue, have called into question the robustness of the previously observed relation between population mobility and COVID-19 incidence.
Methods We employed principal component analysis to construct a one-dimensional summary indicator of six Google mobility categories. We related this mobility indicator to case incidence among 111 of the most populous U.S. counties during the Omicron surge from December 2021 through February 2022.
Results Reported COVID-19 incidence peaked earlier and declined more rapidly among those counties exhibiting more extensive decline in mobility between December 20 and January 3. Based upon a fixed-effects, longitudinal cohort model, we estimated that every 1% decline in mobility between December 20 and January 3 was associated with a 0.63% decline in peak incidence during the week ending January 17 (95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.86%). Based upon a cross-sectional analysis including mean household size and vaccination participation as covariates, we estimated that the same 1% decline in mobility was associated with a 0.36% decline in cumulative reported COVID-19 incidence from January 10 through February 28 (95% CI, 0.18–0.54%).
Conclusion Omicron did not simply sweep through the U.S. population until it ran out of susceptible individuals to infect. To the contrary, a significant fraction managed to avoid infection by engaging in risk-mitigating behaviors. More broadly, the behavioral response to perceived risk should be viewed as an intrinsic component of the natural course of epidemics in humans. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed 9 Screening and assessment for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), guidance by personal pilots and support with individual digital trainings within intersectoral care: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.08.2022 Tilføjet 15.08.2022 Abstract
Background Because the clinical patterns and symptoms that persist after a COVID-19 infection are diverse, a diagnosis of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) is difficult to implement. The current research project therefore aims to evaluate the feasibility and the practicability of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, and cross-sectoral treatment program consisting of a low-threshold online screening and holistic assessment for PACS. Furthermore, it aims to evaluate digital interventions and the use of so-called personal guides that may help to facilitate the recovery of PACS.
Methods This German study consists of a low-threshold online screening for PACS where positively screened participants will be supported throughout by personal pilots. The personal pilots are aimed at empowering patients and helping them to navigate through the study and different treatment options. Patients will then be randomly assigned either to an intervention group (IG) or an active control group (ACG). The IG will receive a comprehensive assessment of physiological and psychological functioning to inform future treatment. The ACG does not receive the assessment but both groups will receive a treatment consisting of an individual digital treatment program (digital intervention platform and an intervention via a chatbot). This digital intervention is based on the needs identified during the assessment for participants in the IG. Compared to that, the ACG will receive a more common digital treatment program aiming to reduce PACS symptoms. Importantly, a third comparison group (CompG) will be recruited that does not receive any treatment. A propensity score matching will take place, ensuring comparability between the participants. Primary endpoints of the study are symptom reduction and return to work. Secondary outcomes comprise, for example, social participation and activities in daily life. Furthermore, the feasibility and applicability of the online screening tool, the holistic assessment, digital trainings, and personal pilots will be evaluated.
Discussion This is one of the first large-scale studies to improve the diagnosis and the care of patients with PACS by means of empowerment. It is to be evaluated whether the methods utilized can be used for the German and international population. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05238415; date of registration: February 14, 2022 Læs mere Tjek på PubMed 10 COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis Xiaoling Shui, Fang Wang, Ling Li, Qian Liang PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.08.2022 Tilføjet 12.08.2022 by Xiaoling Shui, Fang Wang, Ling Li, Qian Liang Background Since the successful development of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccine, COVID-19 vaccination has been actively advocated all over the world. As the key population for COVID-19 vaccination, the acceptance of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) is not only related to their risk of contracting COVID-19 infection at work, but also affects the decision of the general population on COVID-19 vaccination. Currently, a series of observational studies have been conducted on the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines among HCWs in China, but there are presently no all-inclusive reviews. Therefore, this paper reviewed to identify a reliable estimate of acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in China. Methods We conducted a search on PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang Database, CBM (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) and VIP database (Chinese Scientific Journal Database) from January 2020 to June 2022. The quality of included articles was estimated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment tool suitable for cross-sectional studies and STATA 16 was used for analysis, A random-effects model was used to calculate acceptance rate for COVID-19 vaccine, as well as subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Result This review included 18 studies involving 45,760 subjects, all of which were of medium or high quality. Meta-analysis results represented that, the pooled estimated acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in China was 78% (95%CI: 73–83%), and the pooled acceptance rate in 2021 (82%, 95%CI: 78–86%) was significantly higher than that in 2020 (73%, 95%CI: 65%-81%). Subgroup analysis showed different acceptance rates for COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs with different characteristics. Conclusion The result revealed that HCWs in China generally have a high acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccines, but the acceptance rate varies with different characteristics of the population. Therefore, corresponding training should be carried out for HCWs with different characteristics, and they should play an exemplary and leading role in COVID-19 vaccination, so as to improve the vaccination rate of the whole population and form an immune barrier at an early date. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed11 Association between HLA-C alleles and COVID-19 severity in a pilot study with a Spanish Mediterranean Caucasian cohort Lorena Vigón, Miguel Galán, Montserrat Torres, Antonio J. Martín-Galiano, Sara Rodríguez-Mora, Elena Mateos, Magdalena Corona, Rosa Malo, Cristina Navarro, María Aránzazu Murciano-Antón, Valentín García-Gutiérrez, Vicente Planelles, Jorge Martínez-Laso, María Rosa López-Huertas, Mayte Coiras, on behalf of the Multidisciplinary Group of Study of COVID-19 (MGS-COVID) PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.08.2022 Tilføjet 12.08.2022 by Lorena Vigón, Miguel Galán, Montserrat Torres, Antonio J. Martín-Galiano, Sara Rodríguez-Mora, Elena Mateos, Magdalena Corona, Rosa Malo, Cristina Navarro, María Aránzazu Murciano-Antón, Valentín García-Gutiérrez, Vicente Planelles, Jorge Martínez-Laso, María Rosa López-Huertas, Mayte Coiras, on behalf of the Multidisciplinary Group of Study of COVID-19 (MGS-COVID) The clinical presentations of COVID-19 may range from an asymptomatic or mild infection to a critical or fatal disease. Several host factors such as elderly age, male gender, and previous comorbidities seem to be involved in the most severe outcomes, but also an impaired immune response that causes a hyperinflammatory state but is unable to clear the infection. In order to get further understanding about this impaired immune response, we aimed to determine the association of specific HLA alleles with different clinical presentations of COVID-19. Therefore, we analyzed HLA Class I and II, as well as KIR gene sequences, in 72 individuals with Spanish Mediterranean Caucasian ethnicity who presented mild, severe, or critical COVID-19, according to their clinical characteristics and management. This cohort was recruited in Madrid (Spain) during the first and second pandemic waves between April and October 2020. There were no significant differences in HLA-A or HLA-B alleles among groups. However, despite the small sample size, we found that HLA-C alleles from group C1 HLA-C*08:02, -C*12:03, or -C*16:01 were more frequently associated in individuals with mild COVID-19 (43.8%) than in individuals with severe (8.3%; p = 0.0030; pc = 0.033) and critical (16.1%; p = 0.0014; pc = 0.0154) disease. C1 alleles are supposed to be highly efficient to present peptides to T cells, and HLA-C*12:03 may present a high number of verified epitopes from abundant SARS-CoV-2 proteins M, N, and S, thereby being allegedly able to trigger an efficient antiviral response. On the contrary, C2 alleles are usually poorly expressed on the cell surface due to low association with β2-microglobulin (β2M) and peptides, which may impede the adequate formation of stable HLA-C/β2M/peptide heterotrimers. Consequently, this pilot study described significant differences in the presence of specific HLA-C1 alleles in individuals with different clinical presentations of COVID-19, thereby suggesting that HLA haplotyping could be valuable to get further understanding in the underlying mechanisms of the impaired immune response during critical COVID-19. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed12 Seroprevalence and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen-IgG among health care workers in a large COVID-19 public hospital in Saudi Arabia: A prospective cohort study Faisal Alasmari, Mahmoud Mukahal, Alaa Ashraf Alqurashi, Molla Huq, Fatima Alabdrabalnabi, Abdullah AlJurayyan, Shymaa Moshobab Alkahtani, Fatimah Salem Assari, Rahaf Bashaweeh, Rana Salam, Solaf Aldera, Ohud Mohammed Alkinani, Talal Almutairi, Kholoud AlEnizi, Imad Tleyjeh PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.08.2022 Tilføjet 12.08.2022 by Faisal Alasmari, Mahmoud Mukahal, Alaa Ashraf Alqurashi, Molla Huq, Fatima Alabdrabalnabi, Abdullah AlJurayyan, Shymaa Moshobab Alkahtani, Fatimah Salem Assari, Rahaf Bashaweeh, Rana Salam, Solaf Aldera, Ohud Mohammed Alkinani, Talal Almutairi, Kholoud AlEnizi, Imad Tleyjeh Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG among health care workers (HCWs) is crucial to inform infection control programs. Conflicting reports have emerged on the longevity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Our objective is to describe the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in HCWs and perform 8 months longitudinal follow-up (FU) to assess the duration of detectable IgG. In addition, we aim to explore the risk factors associated with positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG. The study was conducted at a large COVID-19 public hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All HCWs were recruited by social media platform. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen was used. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine association between IgG seropositive status and clinical and epidemiological factors. A total of 2528 (33% of the 7737 eligible HCWs) participated in the survey and 2523 underwent baseline serological testing in June 2020. The largest occupation groups sampled were nurses [n = 1351(18%)], physicians [n = 456 (6%)], administrators [n = 277 (3.6%)], allied HCWs [n = 205(3%)], pharmacists [n = 95(1.2%)], respiratory therapists [n = 40(0.5%)], infection control staff [n = 21(0.27%], and others [n = 83 (1%)]. The total cohort median age was 36 (31–43) years and 66.3% were females. 273 were IgG seropositive at baseline with a seroprevalence of 10.8% 95% CI (9.6%-12.1%). 165/185 and 44/112 were persistently IgG positive, at 2–3 months and 6 months FU respectively. The median (25th– 75th percentile) IgG level at the 3 different time points was 5.86 (3.57–7.04), 3.91 (2.46–5.38), 2.52 (1.80–3.99) respectively. Respiratory therapists OR 2.38, (P = 0.035), and those with hypertension OR = 1.86, (P = 0.009) were more likely to be seropositive. A high proportion of seropositive staff had prior symptoms 214/273(78%), prior anosmia was associated with the presence of antibodies, with an odds ratio of 9.25 (p<0.001), as well as fever and cough. Being a non-smoker, non-Saudi, and previously diagnosed with COVID-19 infection by PCR were statistically significantly different by seroprevalence status. We found that the seroprevalence of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen was 10.8% in HCWs at the peak of the pandemic in Saudi Arabia. We also observed a decreasing temporal trend of IgG seropositivity over 8 months follow up period. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed13 Changes in spending, utilization, and quality of care among Medicare accountable care organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic Brandon W. Yan, Maya Shashoua, Jose F. Figueroa PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.08.2022 Tilføjet 12.08.2022 by Brandon W. Yan, Maya Shashoua, Jose F. Figueroa The COVID pandemic disrupted health care spending and utilization, and the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP), Medicare’s largest value-based payment model with 11.2 million assigned beneficiaries, was no exception. Despite COVID, the 513 accountable care organizations (ACO) in MSSP returned a program record $1.9 billion in net savings to Medicare in 2020. To understand the extent of COVID’s impact on MSSP cost and quality, we describe how ACO spending changed in 2020 and further analyze changes in measured quality and utilization. We found that non-COVID per capita spending in MSSP fell by 8.3 percent from $11,496 to $10,537 (95% confidence interval(CI),-1,223.8 to-695.4, p<0.001), driven by 14.6% and 7.5% reductions in per capita acute inpatient and outpatient spending, respectively. Utilization fell across inpatient, emergency, and outpatient settings. On quality metrics, preventive screening rates remained stable or improved, while control of diabetes and blood pressure worsened. Large reductions in non-COVID utilization helped ACOs succeed financially in 2020, but worsening chronic disease measures are concerning. The appropriateness of the benchmark methodology and exclusion of COVID-related spending, especially as the virus approaches endemicity, should be revisited to ensure bonus payments reflect advances in care delivery and health outcomes rather than COVID-related shifts in spending and utilization patterns. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed14 Safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy Sascha Ellington, Christine K Olson Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12.08.2022 Tilføjet 12.08.2022 Pregnant people with COVID-19 are at increased risk of severe illness and death compared with non-pregnant females of reproductive age (aged 15–49 years).1 Additionally, COVID-19 during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and stillbirth.1 When mRNA COVID-19 vaccines first became available in December, 2020, safety data in pregnancy were limited because pregnant people were excluded from pre-authorisation clinical trials.2 Lack of data and safety concerns contributed to initially low uptake among pregnant people, which continues to be lower than uptake among non-pregnant females of reproductive age. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed15 Safety of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: a Canadian National Vaccine Safety (CANVAS) network cohort study Manish Sadarangani, Phyumar Soe, Hennady P Shulha, Louis Valiquette, Otto G Vanderkooi, James D Kellner, Matthew P Muller, Karina A Top, Jennifer E Isenor, Allison McGeer, Mike Irvine, Gaston De Serres, Kimberly Marty, Julie A Bettinger, Canadian Immunization Research Network Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12.08.2022 Tilføjet 12.08.2022 COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have a good safety profile in pregnancy. These data can be used to appropriately inform pregnant people regarding reactogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy, and should be considered alongside effectiveness and immunogenicity data to make appropriate recommendations about best use of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed16 Global monitoring of public interest in preventive measures against COVID-19 via analysis of Google Trends: an infodemiology and infoveillance study Ito, T. BMJ Open, 11.08.2022 Tilføjet 11.08.2022 Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced people’s concerns regarding infectious diseases and their preventive measures. However, the magnitude of the impact and the difference between countries are unclear. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 on public interest and people’s behaviours globally in preventing infectious diseases while comparing international trends and sustainability. Design An infodemiology and infoveillance study. Setting The study employed a web-based data collection to delineate public interest regarding COVID-19 preventive measures using Google Trends. Primary and secondary outcome measures A relative search volume was assigned to a keyword, standardising it from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest share of the term searches. The search terms 'coronavirus', 'wash hand', 'social distancing', 'hand sanitizer' and 'mask' were investigated across 196 different countries and regions from July 2018 to October 2021 and weekly reports of the relative search volume were obtained. Persistence of interest was assessed by comparing the first 20 weeks with the last 20 weeks of the study period. Results Although the relative search volume of 'coronavirus' increased and was sustained at a significantly higher level (p<0.05) than before the pandemic declaration, globally, the trends and sustainability of the interest in preventable measures against COVID-19 varied between countries and regions. Conclusions Sustained interest in preventive measures differed globally, with regional differences noted among Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. The global differences should be considered for implementing effective interventions against COVID-19. The increased interest in preventive behaviours against COVID-19 may be related to overall infectious disease prevention. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed 17 Children in the household and risk of severe COVID-19 during the first three waves of the pandemic: a prospective registry-based cohort study of 1.5 million Swedish men af Geijerstam, A., Mehlig, K., Hunsberger, M., Aberg, M., Lissner, L. BMJ Open, 11.08.2022 Tilføjet 11.08.2022 Objective To investigate whether Swedish men living with children had elevated risk for severe COVID-19 or infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves of the pandemic. Design Prospective registry-based cohort study. Participants 1 557 061 Swedish men undergoing military conscription between 1968 and 2005 at a mean age of 18.3 (SD 0.73) years. Main outcome measures Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to September 2021. Results There was a protective association between preschool children at home and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 during the first and third waves compared with only older or no children at all, with ORs (95% CIs) 0.63 (0.46 to 0.88) and 0.75 (0.68 to 0.94) respectively. No association was observed for living with children 6–12 years old, but for 13–17 years old, the risk increased. Age in 2020 did not explain these associations. Further adjustment for socioeconomic and health factors did not attenuate the results. Exposure to preschool children also had a protective association with testing positive with SARS-CoV-2, with or without hospitalisation, OR=0.91 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.93), while living with children of other ages was associated with increased odds of infection. Conclusions Cohabiting with preschool children was associated with reduced risk for severe COVID-19. Living with school-age children between 6 and 12 years had no association with severe COVID-19, but sharing the household with teenagers and young adults was associated with elevated risk. Our results are of special interest since preschools and compulsory schools (age 6–15 years) in Sweden did not close in 2020. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed 18 Public perceptions of urgency of severe cases of COVID-19 and inflammatory gastrointestinal disease Sarah Koens, Annette Strauß, Jens Klein, Ingmar Schäfer, Olaf von dem Knesebeck PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.08.2022 Tilføjet 11.08.2022 by Sarah Koens, Annette Strauß, Jens Klein, Ingmar Schäfer, Olaf von dem Knesebeck Background There is evidence that perceived urgency of medical complaints is associated with emergency care utilization. Patients’ perception of urgency can differ from physicians’ assessment. This study explored public perceptions of urgency of severe cases of COVID-19 and inflammatory gastrointestinal disease and analyzed variations in perceptions of urgency by characteristics of the afflicted person in the vignettes and sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Methods Vignettes with severe symptoms of either inflammatory gastrointestinal disease or COVID-19 with comparable urgency of treatment were used in a telephone survey in Germany (N = 1,207). Besides disease, the vignettes varied in terms of sex, age (child, middle-aged person, old person) and daytime (Tuesday morning, Tuesday evening). Respondents were asked to rate the urgency of the reported symptoms with four items. A sum scale was computed. Variations in perceptions of urgency according to vignette characteristics and sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents (sex, age, educational level, migration background, children (yes/no) and personal affliction) were analyzed using a linear regression model. Results In terms of vignette characteristics, multivariate analysis showed a lower estimated urgency for males, as well as for the middle-aged and aged persons, compared to the child vignettes, and for COVID-19, compared to inflammatory gastrointestinal disease. Regarding the characteristics of the respondents, estimated urgency increased with age and was lower among respondents, who were previously affected by the symptoms themselves. Conclusion Although urgency in the vignettes was comparable, variations in estimated urgency by age and sex of the afflicted person and the described disease as well as age and personal affliction of the respondents were identified. This could result in an inadequate health care service utilization. Therefore, variations in public perceptions of urgency should be considered in the planning of public campaigns on adequate health care services utilization. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed19 Impact of human mobility and networking on spread of COVID-19 at the time of the 1st and 2nd epidemic waves in Japan: An effective distance approach Yasuhiro Nohara, Toshie Manabe PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.08.2022 Tilføjet 11.08.2022 by Yasuhiro Nohara, Toshie Manabe Background The influence of human mobility to the domestic spread of COVID-19 in Japan using the approach of effective distance has not yet been assessed. Methods We calculated the effective distance between prefectures using the data on laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 16 to August 23, 2020, that were times in the 1st and the 2nd epidemic waves in Japan. We also used the aggregated data on passenger volume by transportation mode for the 47 prefectures, as well as those in the private railway, bus, ship, and aviation categories. The starting location (prefecture) was defined as Kanagawa and as Tokyo for the 1st and the 2nd waves, respectively. The accuracy of the spread models was evaluated using the correlation between time of arrival and effective distance, calculated according to the different starting locations. Results The number of cases in the analysis was 16,226 and 50,539 in the 1st and 2nd epidemic waves, respectively. The relationship between arrival time and geographical distance shows that the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.0523 if geographical distance Dgeo and time of arrival Ta set to zero at Kanagawa and was R2 = 0.0109 if Dgeo and Ta set to zero at Tokyo. The relationship between arrival time and effective distance shows that the coefficient of determination was R2 = 0.3227 if effective distance Deff and Ta set to zero at Kanagawa and was R2 = 0.415 if Deff and time of arrival Ta set to zero at Tokyo. In other words, the effective distance taking into account the mobility network shows the spatiotemporal characteristics of the spread of infection better than geographical distance. The correlation of arrival time to effective distance showed the possibility of spreading from multiple areas in the 1st epidemic wave. On the other hand, the correlation of arrival time to effective distance showed the possibility of spreading from a specific area in the 2nd epidemic wave. Conclusions The spread of COVID-19 in Japan was affected by the mobility network and the 2nd epidemic wave is more affected than those of the 1st epidemic. The effective distance approach has the impact to estimate the domestic spreading COVID-19. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed20 Determinants of adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic Roxane Dumont, Viviane Richard, Hélène Baysson, Elsa Lorthe, Giovanni Piumatti, Stephanie Schrempft, Ania Wisniak, Rémy P. Barbe, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Idris Guessous, Silvia Stringhini, on behalf of the Specchio-COVID19 study group PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.08.2022 Tilføjet 11.08.2022 by Roxane Dumont, Viviane Richard, Hélène Baysson, Elsa Lorthe, Giovanni Piumatti, Stephanie Schrempft, Ania Wisniak, Rémy P. Barbe, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Idris Guessous, Silvia Stringhini, on behalf of the Specchio-COVID19 study group Background We examined the determinants of adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and psychological distress (self-reported and parent-reported) during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a random sample of the population of Geneva, Switzerland. Methods Data was drawn from participants aged 14–17 years, who participated with their families to a serosurvey conducted in November and December 2020. Adolescents’ HRQoL was evaluated using the validated adolescent-reported KIDSCREEN-10 and parent-reported KINDL® scales. Psychological distress was assessed with self-reported sadness and loneliness, and using the KINDL® emotional well-being scale. Using generalized estimating equations, we examined the role of socio-demographic, family and behavioural characteristics in influencing adolescents’ mental health status and wellbeing. Results Among 240 adolescents, 11% had a low HRQoL, 35% reported sadness and 23% reported loneliness. Based on parents’ perception, 12% of the adolescents had a low HRQoL and 16% a low emotional well-being. Being a girl (aOR = 3.20; 95%CI: 1.67–6.16), increased time on social media (aOR = 2.07; 95%CI: 1.08–3.97), parents’ average to poor mood (aOR = 2.62; 95%CI: 1.10–6.23) and average to poor household financial situation (aOR = 2.31; IC95%: 1.01–6.10) were associated with an increased risk of sadness. Mismatches between adolescents’ and their parents’ perception of HRQoL were more likely for girls (aOR = 2.88; 95%CI: 1.54–5.41) and in households with lower family well-being (aOR = 0.91; 95%CI: 0.86–0.96). Conclusions A meaningful proportion of adolescents experienced low well-being during the second wave of COVID-19, and average well-being was lower than pre-pandemic estimates. Adolescents living in underprivileged or distressed families seemed particularly affected. Monitoring is necessary to evaluate the long-term effects of the pandemic on adolescents. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed |
Værktøj 1 Aktuelle tal (SSI)
2 Aktuelle tal (ECDC)
3 Aktuelle tal (WHO)
4 Aktuelle tal (Johns Hopkins University)
5 Mortalitetsmonitorering (EuroMOMO)
6 Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 (Nextstrain)
7 Liverpool COVID-19 drug interactions
8 Algoritme til afisolering
Referencer 1 Early Treatment for Covid-19 with SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Sotrovimab. N Engl J Med 2021; 385(21):1941-1950
Gupta A, Gonzalez-Rojas Y, Juarez E, Crespo Casal M, Moya J, Falci DR, Sarkis E, Solis J, Zheng H, Scott N, Cathcart AL, Hebner CM, Sager J, Mogalian E, Tipple C, Peppercorn A, Alexander E, Pang PS, Free A, Brinson C, Aldinger M, Shapiro AE,
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) disproportionately results in hospitalization or death in older patients and those with underlying conditions. Sotrovimab is a pan-sarbecovirus monoclonal antibody that was designed to prevent progression of Covid-19 in high-risk patients early in the course of disease. PMID: 347061892 Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia: The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial. JAMA 2021; 326(18):1807-1817
, Munch MW, Myatra SN, Vijayaraghavan BKT, Saseedharan S, Benfield T, Wahlin RR, Rasmussen BS, Andreasen AS, Poulsen LM, Cioccari L, Khan MS, Kapadia F, Divatia JV, Brøchner AC, Bestle MH, Helleberg M, Michelsen J, Padmanaban A, Bose N, Møller A, Borawake K, Kristiansen KT, Shukla U, Chew MS, Dixit S, Ulrik CS, Amin PR, Chawla R, Wamberg CA, Shah MS, Darfelt IS, Jørgensen VL, Smitt M, Granholm A, Kjær MN, Møller MH, Meyhoff TS, Vesterlund GK, Hammond NE, Micallef S, Bassi A, John O, Jha A, Cronhjort M, Jakob SM, Gluud C, Lange T, Kadam V, Marcussen KV, Hollenberg J, Hedman A, Nielsen H, Schjørring OL, Jensen MQ, Leistner JW, Jonassen TB, Kristensen CM, Clapp EC, Hjortsø CJS, Jensen TS, Halstad LS, Bak ERB, Zaabalawi R, Metcalf-Clausen M, Abdi S, Hatley EV, Aksnes TS, Gleipner-Andersen E, Alarcón AF, Yamin G, Heymowski A, Berggren A, La Cour K, Weihe S, Pind AH, Engstrøm J, Jha V, Venkatesh B, Perner A
A daily dose with 6 mg of dexamethasone is recommended for up to 10 days in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, but a higher dose may benefit those with more severe disease. PMID: 346738953 SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 9:CD013825
Kreuzberger N, Hirsch C, Chai KL, Tomlinson E, Khosravi Z, Popp M, Neidhardt M, Piechotta V, Salomon S, Valk SJ, Monsef I, Schmaderer C, Wood EM, So-Osman C, Roberts DJ, McQuilten Z, Estcourt LJ, Skoetz N
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are laboratory-produced molecules derived from the B cells of an infected host. They are being investigated as a potential therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PMID: 344733434 Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination to Prevent Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 385(13):1184-1195
O'Brien MP, Forleo-Neto E, Musser BJ, Isa F, Chan KC, Sarkar N, Bar KJ, Barnabas RV, Barouch DH, Cohen MS, Hurt CB, Burwen DR, Marovich MA, Hou P, Heirman I, Davis JD, Turner KC, Ramesh D, Mahmood A, Hooper AT, Hamilton JD, Kim Y, Purcell LA, Baum A, Kyratsous CA, Krainson J, Perez-Perez R, Mohseni R, Kowal B, DiCioccio AT, Stahl N, Lipsich L, Braunstein N, Herman G, Yancopoulos GD, Weinreich DM,
REGEN-COV (previously known as REGN-COV2), a combination of the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab and imdevimab, has been shown to markedly reduce the risk of hospitalization or death among high-risk persons with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Whether subcutaneous REGEN-COV prevents severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and subsequent Covid-19 in persons at high risk for infection because of household exposure to a person with SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknown. PMID: 343479505 High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nature 2021; 594(7862):259-264
Al-Aly Z, Xie Y, Bowe B
The acute clinical manifestations of COVID-19 have been well characterized, but the post-acute sequelae of this disease have not been comprehensively described. Here we use the national healthcare databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to systematically and comprehensively identify 6-month incident sequelae-including diagnoses, medication use and laboratory abnormalities-in patients with COVID-19 who survived for at least 30 days after diagnosis. We show that beyond the first 30 days of illness, people with COVID-19 exhibit a higher risk of death and use of health resources. Our high-dimensional approach identifies incident sequelae in the respiratory system, as well as several other sequelae that include nervous system and neurocognitive disorders, mental health disorders, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, malaise, fatigue, musculoskeletal pain and anaemia. We show increased incident use of several therapeutic agents-including pain medications (opioids and non-opioids) as well as antidepressant, anxiolytic, antihypertensive and oral hypoglycaemic agents-as well as evidence of laboratory abnormalities in several organ systems. Our analysis of an array of prespecified outcomes reveals a risk gradient that increases according to the severity of the acute COVID-19 infection (that is, whether patients were not hospitalized, hospitalized or admitted to intensive care). Our findings show that a substantial burden of health loss that spans pulmonary and several extrapulmonary organ systems is experienced by patients who survive after the acute phase of COVID-19. These results will help to inform health system planning and the development of multidisciplinary care strategies to reduce chronic health loss among individuals with COVID-19. PMID: 338877496 Assessment of protection against reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among 4 million PCR-tested individuals in Denmark in 2020: a population-level observational study. Lancet 2021; 397(10280):1204-1212
Hansen CH, Michlmayr D, Gubbels SM, Mølbak K, Ethelberg S
The degree to which infection with SARS-CoV-2 confers protection towards subsequent reinfection is not well described. In 2020, as part of Denmark's extensive, free-of-charge PCR-testing strategy, approximately 4 million individuals (69% of the population) underwent 10·6 million tests. Using these national PCR-test data from 2020, we estimated protection towards repeat infection with SARS-CoV-2. PMID: 337432217 Interleukin-6 Receptor Antagonists in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384(16):1491-1502
, Gordon AC, Mouncey PR, Al-Beidh F, Rowan KM, Nichol AD, Arabi YM, Annane D, Beane A, van Bentum-Puijk W, Berry LR, Bhimani Z, Bonten MJM, Bradbury CA, Brunkhorst FM, Buzgau A, Cheng AC, Detry MA, Duffy EJ, Estcourt LJ, Fitzgerald M, Goossens H, Haniffa R, Higgins AM, Hills TE, Horvat CM, Lamontagne F, Lawler PR, Leavis HL, Linstrum KM, Litton E, Lorenzi E, Marshall JC, Mayr FB, McAuley DF, McGlothlin A, McGuinness SP, McVerry BJ, Montgomery SK, Morpeth SC, Murthy S, Orr K, Parke RL, Parker JC, Patanwala AE, Pettilä V, Rademaker E, Santos MS, Saunders CT, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Sligl WI, Turgeon AF, Turner AM, van de Veerdonk FL, Zarychanski R, Green C, Lewis RJ, Angus DC, McArthur CJ, Berry S, Webb SA, Derde LPG
The efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is unclear. PMID: 336310658 Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2021; 384(1):20-30
Salama C, Han J, Yau L, Reiss WG, Kramer B, Neidhart JD, Criner GJ, Kaplan-Lewis E, Baden R, Pandit L, Cameron ML, Garcia-Diaz J, Chávez V, Mekebeb-Reuter M, Lima de Menezes F, Shah R, González-Lara MF, Assman B, Freedman J, Mohan SV
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pneumonia is often associated with hyperinflammation. Despite the disproportionate incidence of Covid-19 among underserved and racial and ethnic minority populations, the safety and efficacy of the anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab in patients from these populations who are hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia are unclear. PMID: 333327799 REGN-COV2, a Neutralizing Antibody Cocktail, in Outpatients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384(3):238-251
Weinreich DM, Sivapalasingam S, Norton T, Ali S, Gao H, Bhore R, Musser BJ, Soo Y, Rofail D, Im J, Perry C, Pan C, Hosain R, Mahmood A, Davis JD, Turner KC, Hooper AT, Hamilton JD, Baum A, Kyratsous CA, Kim Y, Cook A, Kampman W, Kohli A, Sachdeva Y, Graber X, Kowal B, DiCioccio T, Stahl N, Lipsich L, Braunstein N, Herman G, Yancopoulos GD,
Recent data suggest that complications and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) may be related to high viral loads. PMID: 3333277810 Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 screening. Sci Adv 2021; 7
Larremore DB, Wilder B, Lester E, Shehata S, Burke JM, Hay JA, Tambe M, Mina MJ, Parker R
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a public health crisis. Because SARS-CoV-2 can spread from individuals with presymptomatic, symptomatic, and asymptomatic infections, the reopening of societies and the control of virus spread will be facilitated by robust population screening, for which virus testing will often be central. After infection, individuals undergo a period of incubation during which viral titers are too low to detect, followed by exponential viral growth, leading to peak viral load and infectiousness and ending with declining titers and clearance. Given the pattern of viral load kinetics, we model the effectiveness of repeated population screening considering test sensitivities, frequency, and sample-to-answer reporting time. These results demonstrate that effective screening depends largely on frequency of testing and speed of reporting and is only marginally improved by high test sensitivity. We therefore conclude that screening should prioritize accessibility, frequency, and sample-to-answer time; analytical limits of detection should be secondary. PMID: 3321911211 Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 11:CD006207
Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Al-Ansary LA, Bawazeer GA, van Driel ML, Jones MA, Thorning S, Beller EM, Clark J, Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Conly JM
Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a global threat. Examples are influenza (H1N1) caused by the H1N1pdm09 virus in 2009, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in 2019. Antiviral drugs and vaccines may be insufficient to prevent their spread. This is an update of a Cochrane Review published in 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2011. The evidence summarised in this review does not include results from studies from the current COVID-19 pandemic. PMID: 3321569812 Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383(24):2333-2344
Stone JH, Frigault MJ, Serling-Boyd NJ, Fernandes AD, Harvey L, Foulkes AS, Horick NK, Healy BC, Shah R, Bensaci AM, Woolley AE, Nikiforow S, Lin N, Sagar M, Schrager H, Huckins DS, Axelrod M, Pincus MD, Fleisher J, Sacks CA, Dougan M, North CM, Halvorsen YD, Thurber TK, Dagher Z, Scherer A, Wallwork RS, Kim AY, Schoenfeld S, Sen P, Neilan TG, Perugino CA, Unizony SH, Collier DS, Matza MA, Yinh JM, Bowman KA, Meyerowitz E, Zafar A, Drobni ZD, Bolster MB, Kohler M, D'Silva KM, Dau J, Lockwood MM, Cubbison C, Weber BN, Mansour MK,
The efficacy of interleukin-6 receptor blockade in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) who are not receiving mechanical ventilation is unclear. PMID: 3308585713 Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181(1):32-40
Hermine O, Mariette X, Tharaux PL, Resche-Rigon M, Porcher R, Ravaud P,
Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PMID: 3308001714 Effect of Tocilizumab vs Standard Care on Clinical Worsening in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med 2021; 181(1):24-31
Salvarani C, Dolci G, Massari M, Merlo DF, Cavuto S, Savoldi L, Bruzzi P, Boni F, Braglia L, Turrà C, Ballerini PF, Sciascia R, Zammarchi L, Para O, Scotton PG, Inojosa WO, Ravagnani V, Salerno ND, Sainaghi PP, Brignone A, Codeluppi M, Teopompi E, Milesi M, Bertomoro P, Claudio N, Salio M, Falcone M, Cenderello G, Donghi L, Del Bono V, Colombelli PL, Angheben A, Passaro A, Secondo G, Pascale R, Piazza I, Facciolongo N, Costantini M,
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is threatening billions of people worldwide. Tocilizumab has shown promising results in retrospective studies in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with a good safety profile. PMID: 3308000515 Characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in the first 11 122 cases with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark: a nationwide cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 49(5):1468-1481
Reilev M, Kristensen KB, Pottegård A, Lund LC, Hallas J, Ernst MT, Christiansen CF, Sørensen HT, Johansen NB, Brun NC, Voldstedlund M, Støvring H, Thomsen MK, Christensen S, Gubbels S, Krause TG, Mølbak K, Thomsen RW
Population-level knowledge on individuals at high risk of severe and fatal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is urgently needed to inform targeted protection strategies in the general population. PMID: 3288798216 A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19 BMJ 2020; 370:m3379
Agarwal A, Rochwerg B, Lamontagne F, Siemieniuk RA, Agoritsas T, Askie L, Lytvyn L, Leo YS, Macdonald H, Zeng L, Amin W, Barragan FAJ, Bausch FJ, Burhan E, Calfee CS, Cecconi M, Chanda D, Dat VQ, De Sutter A, Du B, Freedman S, Geduld H, Gee P, Gotte M, Harley N, Hashimi M, Hunt B, Jehan F, Kabra SK, Kanda S, Kim YJ, Kissoon N, Krishna S, Kuppalli K, Kwizera A, Lado Castro-Rial M, Lisboa T, Lodha R, Mahaka I, Manai H, Mino G, Nsutebu E, Preller J, Pshenichnaya N, Qadir N, Relan P, Sabzwari S, Sarin R, Shankar-Hari M, Sharland M, Shen Y, Ranganathan SS, Souza JP, Stegemann M, Swanstrom R, Ugarte S, Uyeki T, Venkatapuram S, Vuyiseka D, Wijewickrama A, Tran L, Zeraatkar D, Bartoszko JJ, Ge L, Brignardello-Petersen R, Owen A, Guyatt G, Diaz J, Kawano-Dourado L, Jacobs M, Vandvik PO
This is the eleventh version (tenth update) of the living guideline, replacing earlier versions (available as data supplements). New recommendations will be published as updates to this guideline. PMID: 3288769117 Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2020; 324(11):1048-1057
Spinner CD, Gottlieb RL, Criner GJ, Arribas López JR, Cattelan AM, Soriano Viladomiu A, Ogbuagu O, Malhotra P, Mullane KM, Castagna A, Chai LYA, Roestenberg M, Tsang OTY, Bernasconi E, Le Turnier P, Chang SC, SenGupta D, Hyland RH, Osinusi AO, Cao H, Blair C, Wang H, Gaggar A, Brainard DM, McPhail MJ, Bhagani S, Ahn MY, Sanyal AJ, Huhn G, Marty FM,
Remdesivir demonstrated clinical benefit in a placebo-controlled trial in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but its effect in patients with moderate disease is unknown. PMID: 3282193918 Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384(8):693-704
, Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, Bell JL, Linsell L, Staplin N, Brightling C, Ustianowski A, Elmahi E, Prudon B, Green C, Felton T, Chadwick D, Rege K, Fegan C, Chappell LC, Faust SN, Jaki T, Jeffery K, Montgomery A, Rowan K, Juszczak E, Baillie JK, Haynes R, Landray MJ
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is associated with diffuse lung damage. Glucocorticoids may modulate inflammation-mediated lung injury and thereby reduce progression to respiratory failure and death. PMID: 3267853019 Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383(19):1827-1837
Goldman JD, Lye DCB, Hui DS, Marks KM, Bruno R, Montejano R, Spinner CD, Galli M, Ahn MY, Nahass RG, Chen YS, SenGupta D, Hyland RH, Osinusi AO, Cao H, Blair C, Wei X, Gaggar A, Brainard DM, Towner WJ, Muñoz J, Mullane KM, Marty FM, Tashima KT, Diaz G, Subramanian A,
Remdesivir is an RNA polymerase inhibitor with potent antiviral activity in vitro and efficacy in animal models of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). PMID: 3245991920 Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Final Report. N Engl J Med 2020; 383(19):1813-1826
Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, Mehta AK, Zingman BS, Kalil AC, Hohmann E, Chu HY, Luetkemeyer A, Kline S, Lopez de Castilla D, Finberg RW, Dierberg K, Tapson V, Hsieh L, Patterson TF, Paredes R, Sweeney DA, Short WR, Touloumi G, Lye DC, Ohmagari N, Oh MD, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Benfield T, Fätkenheuer G, Kortepeter MG, Atmar RL, Creech CB, Lundgren J, Babiker AG, Pett S, Neaton JD, Burgess TH, Bonnett T, Green M, Makowski M, Osinusi A, Nayak S, Lane HC,
Although several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), no antiviral agents have yet been shown to be efficacious. PMID: 3244544021 COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 50(1):54-67 22 COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between inflammation and coagulation. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8(6):e46-e47 23 Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Intern Med 2020; 288(3):335-344
Lechien JR, Chiesa-Estomba CM, Place S, Van Laethem Y, Cabaraux P, Mat Q, Huet K, Plzak J, Horoi M, Hans S, Rosaria Barillari M, Cammaroto G, Fakhry N, Martiny D, Ayad T, Jouffe L, Hopkins C, Saussez S,
The clinical presentation of European patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection is still unknown. PMID: 3235220224 Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3(4):e208857
Borba MGS, Val FFA, Sampaio VS, Alexandre MAA, Melo GC, Brito M, Mourão MPG, Brito-Sousa JD, Baía-da-Silva D, Guerra MVF, Hajjar LA, Pinto RC, Balieiro AAS, Pacheco AGF, Santos JDO, Naveca FG, Xavier MS, Siqueira AM, Schwarzbold A, Croda J, Nogueira ML, Romero GAS, Bassat Q, Fontes CJ, Albuquerque BC, Daniel-Ribeiro CT, Monteiro WM, Lacerda MVG,
There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug. PMID: 3233027725 Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 353 patients received tests with both specimens simultaneously. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 94:107-109
Wang X, Tan L, Wang X, Liu W, Lu Y, Cheng L, Sun Z
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan in December 2019, by March 10, 2020, a total of 80,932 confirmed cases have been reported in China. Two consecutively negative RT-PCR test results in respiratory tract specimens is required for the evaluation of discharge from hospital, and oropharyngeal swabs were the most common sample. However, false negative results occurred in the late stage of hospitalization, and avoiding false negative result is critical essential. PMID: 3231580926 Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past. J Clin Virol 2020; 127:104362
Giannis D, Ziogas IA, Gianni P
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus strain disease, has recently emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide. This novel strain is highly transmittable and severe disease has been reported in up to 16% of hospitalized cases. More than 600,000 cases have been confirmed and the number of deaths is constantly increasing. COVID-19 hospitalized patients, especially those suffering from severe respiratory or systemic manifestations, fall under the spectrum of the acutely ill medical population, which is at increased venous thromboembolism risk. Thrombotic complications seem to emerge as an important issue in patients infected with COVID-19. Preliminary reports on COVID-19 patients' clinical and laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin time, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. As the pandemic is spreading and the whole picture is yet unknown, we highlight the importance of coagulation disorders in COVID-19 infected patients and review relevant data of previous coronavirus epidemics caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). PMID: 3230588327 Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review. JAMA 2020; 323(18):1824-1836
Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents an unprecedented challenge to identify effective drugs for prevention and treatment. Given the rapid pace of scientific discovery and clinical data generated by the large number of people rapidly infected by SARS-CoV-2, clinicians need accurate evidence regarding effective medical treatments for this infection. PMID: 3228202228 Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med 2020; 46(5):854-887
Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, Oczkowski S, Levy MM, Derde L, Dzierba A, Du B, Aboodi M, Wunsch H, Cecconi M, Koh Y, Chertow DS, Maitland K, Alshamsi F, Belley-Cote E, Greco M, Laundy M, Morgan JS, Kesecioglu J, McGeer A, Mermel L, Mammen MJ, Alexander PE, Arrington A, Centofanti JE, Citerio G, Baw B, Memish ZA, Hammond N, Hayden FG, Evans L, Rhodes A
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting thousands of people around the world. Urgent guidance for clinicians caring for the sickest of these patients is needed. PMID: 3222281229 Management of Critically Ill Adults With COVID-19. JAMA 2020; 323(18):1839-1841 30 A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 382(19):1787-1799
Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, Ruan L, Song B, Cai Y, Wei M, Li X, Xia J, Chen N, Xiang J, Yu T, Bai T, Xie X, Zhang L, Li C, Yuan Y, Chen H, Li H, Huang H, Tu S, Gong F, Liu Y, Wei Y, Dong C, Zhou F, Gu X, Xu J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li H, Shang L, Wang K, Li K, Zhou X, Dong X, Qu Z, Lu S, Hu X, Ruan S, Luo S, Wu J, Peng L, Cheng F, Pan L, Zou J, Jia C, Wang J, Liu X, Wang S, Wu X, Ge Q, He J, Zhan H, Qiu F, Guo L, Huang C, Jaki T, Hayden FG, Horby PW, Zhang D, Wang C
No therapeutics have yet been proven effective for the treatment of severe illness caused by SARS-CoV-2. PMID: 3218746431 Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133(9):1025-1031
Liu K, Fang YY, Deng Y, Liu W, Wang MF, Ma JP, Xiao W, Wang YN, Zhong MH, Li CH, Li GC, Liu HG
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei province of China was isolated in January 2020. This study aims to investigate its epidemiologic history, and analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and prognosis of patients infected with 2019-nCoV during this outbreak. PMID: 32044814 |
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