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Felipe Gomes Naveca, Tatiana Amaral Pires de Almeida, Victor Souza, Valdinete Nascimento, Dejanane Silva, Fernanda Nascimento, Matilde Mejía, Yasmin Silva de Oliveira, Luisa Rocha, Natana Xavier, Janis Lopes, Rodrigo Maito, Cátia Meneses, Tatyana Amorim, Luciana Fé, Fernanda Sindeaux Camelo, Samyly Coutinho de Aguiar Silva, Alexsandro Xavier de Melo, Leíse Gomes Fernandes, Marco Aurélio Almeida de Oliveira, Ana Ruth Arcanjo, Guilherme Araújo, Walter André Júnior, Renata Lia Coragem de Carvalho, Rosiane Rodrigues, Stella Albuquerque, Cristiane Mattos, Ciciléia Silva, Aline Linhares, Taynã Rodrigues, Francy Mariscal, Márcia Andréa Morais, Mayra Marinho Presibella, Nelson Fernando Quallio Marques, Anne Paiva, Karina Ribeiro, Deusilene Vieira, Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz, Ana Maísa Passos-Silva, Lígia Abdalla, João Hugo Santos, Regina Maria Pinto de Figueiredo, Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz, Livia Neves Casseb, Jannifer Oliveira Chiang, Livia Vinhal Frutuoso, Agata Rossi, Lucas Freitas, Túlio de Lima Campos, Gabriel Luz Wallau, Emerson Moreira, Roberto Dias Lins Neto, Laura W. Alexander, Yining Sun, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Tiago Gräf, Ighor Arantes, Ana I. Bento, Edson Delatorre, Gonzalo Bello
Nature, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Zehan PangAo TangYujie HeJunfen FanQingmao YangYigang TongHuahao Fan1College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China2Department of Neurology, Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China3School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, ChinaGraeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Mateo Prochazka, Pietro Vinti, Ana Hoxha, Andy Seale, Antons Mozalevskis, Rosamund Lewis, Ruben Mayorga Sagastume, Martha Scherzer, Leilia Dore, Meg Doherty
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Adaptations to sexual behaviour due to mpox were widespread, dynamic, and responded to evolving individual risk perceptions. We propose that the decline in mpox transmission seen at the end of 2022 resulted primarily from a combination of behavioural adaptation and naturally acquired immunity. As mpox vaccination is an important preventive measure, stark vaccine inequity highlights the need to increase access to mpox vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZuning Ren Mengjun Li Jiayin Chen Xiaohua Gong Shuo Song Delin Li Minghui Yang Jianhai Yu Sadia Asghar Yanxin Cui Shiyu Niu Zhonghui Liao Yushan Jiang Jiahui Liu Yuqing Li Bao Zhang Wei Zhao Jie Peng Yang Yang Chenguang Shen a State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinad Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Vaccines, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinae School of Life Science, Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistang Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Southern Medical University, Ministry of Education, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Iwona Nowakowska, Joanna Rajchert, Dorota Jasielska
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by Iwona Nowakowska, Joanna Rajchert, Dorota Jasielska The time after the COVID-19 pandemic posed a threat to engagement in prosocial behaviors within charity organizations. In the current study, we intended to test how three motivational paths: affective empathy-based, life satisfaction-based, and perceived social support-based shaped the change in intentions to give money and time to charity organizations over a yearly period (right after revocation of the most essential anti-COVID-19 laws and at the same time, outbreak of the war in Ukraine in 2022, in May 2022 and after a year, in late April-early May 2023). We also tested how past negative and present hedonistic time perspectives–namely, those most robust in predicting emotional states ‐ shaped the changes in the abovementioned motivational paths and giving intentions. We conducted our longitudinal study on the general population of Poland (N = 566). We found that there has been a significant drop in the willingness to give time to organizations over the year after loosening the COVID-19 restrictions and the outbreak of war in Ukraine. We found that affective empathy helped sustain the intentions to give time to organizations, whereas past negative time perspective contributed to the decrease in such intentions. Our study suggests threats to organizations and highlights potential ways to encourage supporting them and caring for their volunteers’ well-being.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJames T. Earnest, Oscar D. Kirstein, Azael C. Mendoza, Gloria A. Barrera-Fuentes, Henry Puerta-Guardo, Manuel Parra-Cardeña, Kevin Yam-Trujillo, Matthew H. Collins, Norma Pavia-Ruz, Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera, Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera, Anuar Medina-Barreiro, Wilberth Bibiano-Marin, Audrey Lenhart, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Ira Longini, Natalie Dean, Lance A. Waller, Amy M. Crisp, Fabian Correa-Morales, Jorge Palacio-Vargas, Pilar Granja-Perez, Salha Villanueva, Hugo Delfın-Gonzalez, Hector Gomez-Dantes, Pablo Manrique-Saide, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by James T. Earnest, Oscar D. Kirstein, Azael C. Mendoza, Gloria A. Barrera-Fuentes, Henry Puerta-Guardo, Manuel Parra-Cardeña, Kevin Yam-Trujillo, Matthew H. Collins, Norma Pavia-Ruz, Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera, Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera, Anuar Medina-Barreiro, Wilberth Bibiano-Marin, Audrey Lenhart, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Ira Longini, Natalie Dean, Lance A. Waller, Amy M. Crisp, Fabian Correa-Morales, Jorge Palacio-Vargas, Pilar Granja-Perez, Salha Villanueva, Hugo Delfın-Gonzalez, Hector Gomez-Dantes, Pablo Manrique-Saide, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec Aedes mosquito-borne viruses (ABVs) place a substantial strain on public health resources in the Americas. Vector control of Aedes mosquitoes is an important public health strategy to decrease or prevent spread of ABVs. The ongoing Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying (TIRS) trial is an NIH-sponsored clinical trial to study the efficacy of a novel, proactive vector control technique to prevent dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the endemic city of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. The primary outcome of the trial is laboratory-confirmed ABV infections in neighborhood clusters. Despite the difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, by early 2021 the TIRS trial completed enrollment of 4,792 children aged 2–15 years in 50 neighborhood clusters which were allocated to control or intervention arms via a covariate-constrained randomization algorithm. Here, we describe the makeup and ABV seroprevalence of participants and mosquito population characteristics in both arms before TIRS administration. Baseline surveys showed similar distribution of age, sex, and socio-economic factors between the arms. Serum samples from 1,399 children were tested by commercially available ELISAs for presence of anti-ABV antibodies. We found that 45.1% of children were seropositive for one or more flaviviruses and 24.0% were seropositive for CHIKV. Of the flavivirus-positive participants, most were positive for ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by focus reduction neutralization testing which indicated a higher proportion of participants with previous ZIKV than DENV infections within the cohort. Both study arms had statistically similar seroprevalence for all viruses tested, similar socio-demographic compositions, similar levels of Ae. aegypti infestation, and similar observed mosquito susceptibility to insecticides. These findings describe a population with a high rate of previous exposure to ZIKV and lower titers of neutralizing antibodies against DENV serotypes, suggesting susceptibility to future outbreaks of flaviviruses is possible, but proactive vector control may mitigate these risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBello Musa Yakubu, Syeda Mahera Ali, Majid Iqbal Khan, Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by Bello Musa Yakubu, Syeda Mahera Ali, Majid Iqbal Khan, Pattarasinee Bhattarakosol The recent global outbreaks of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, yellow fever, and Ebola have highlighted the critical need for robust health data management systems that can rapidly adapt to and mitigate public health emergencies. In contrast to traditional systems, this study introduces an innovative blockchain-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) access control mechanism that effectively safeguards patient data integrity and privacy. The proposed approach uniquely integrates granular data access control mechanism within a blockchain framework, ensuring that patient data is only accessible to explicitly authorized users and thereby enhancing patient consent and privacy. This system addresses key challenges in healthcare data management, including preventing unauthorized access and overcoming the inefficiencies inherent in traditional access mechanisms. Since the latency is a sensitive factor in healthcare data management, the simulations of the proposed model reveal substantial improvements over existing benchmarks in terms of reduced computing overhead, increased throughput, minimized latency, and strengthened overall security. By demonstrating these advantages, the study contributes significantly to the evolution of health data management, offering a scalable, secure solution that prioritizes patient autonomy and privacy in an increasingly digital healthcare landscape.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMonika Dawid, Patrycja Kurowska, Piotr Pawlicki, Małgorzata Kotula–Balak, Tomasz Milewicz, Joelle Dupont, Agnieszka Rak
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by Monika Dawid, Patrycja Kurowska, Piotr Pawlicki, Małgorzata Kotula–Balak, Tomasz Milewicz, Joelle Dupont, Agnieszka Rak Visfatin is an adipokine involved in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, and female reproduction. Due to limited data about its action in the human placenta, the aims of our studies included the analysis of visfatin expression and immunolocalization in trophoblast cell lines JEG-3 and BeWo as well as in human placentas from normal and pathological pregnancies. Moreover, we also checked the hormonal regulation of visfatin levels and the molecular mechanism of observed changes in JEG-3 cells. Cell culture and placental fragments collection along with statistical analysis were performed using standard laboratory procedures also described in our previous papers. We demonstrated an increased gene and protein expression of visfatin in JEG-3, BeWo cells, while variable expression in maternal and fetal parts of normal/ pathological pregnancy placentas. In addition, the immunolocalization of visfatin was observed in the cytoplasm of both cell lines, the capillary epithelium of the maternal part and syncytiotrophoblasts of the placental fetal part; in all tested pathologies, the signal was also detected in decidual cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hormones: progesterone, estradiol, human chorionic gonadotropin, and insulin increased the visfatin levels in JEG-3 cells with the involvement of specific signaling pathways. Taken together, differences in the expression and localization of visfatin between normal and pathological placentas suggested that visfatin may be a potential marker for the diagnosis of pregnancy disorders. In addition, we found that placental levels of visfatin can be regulated by hormones known to modulate the function of placental cells.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRui Yan, Yu Jiang, Chenhao Zhang, Rui Tang, Ran Liu, Jinghua Wu, Houcheng Su
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by Rui Yan, Yu Jiang, Chenhao Zhang, Rui Tang, Ran Liu, Jinghua Wu, Houcheng Su Image stitching is a traditional but challenging computer vision task. The goal is to stitch together multiple images with overlapping areas into a single, natural-looking, high-resolution image without ghosts or seams. This article aims to increase the field of view of gastroenteroscopy and reduce the missed detection rate. To this end, an improved depth framework based on unsupervised panoramic image stitching of the gastrointestinal tract is proposed. In addition, preprocessing for aberration correction of monocular endoscope images is introduced, and a C2f module is added to the image reconstruction network to improve the network’s ability to extract features. A comprehensive real image data set, GASE-Dataset, is proposed to establish an evaluation benchmark and training learning framework for unsupervised deep gastrointestinal image splicing. Experimental results show that the MSE, RMSE, PSNR, SSIM and RMSE_SW indicators are improved, while the splicing time remains within an acceptable range. Compared with traditional image stitching methods, the performance of this method is enhanced. In addition, improvements are proposed to address the problems of lack of annotated data, insufficient generalization ability and insufficient comprehensive performance in image stitching schemes based on supervised learning. These improvements provide valuable aids in gastrointestinal examination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMariah S. Wood, Nicole Halmer, Jeanne Bertolli, Laura B. Amsden, Joshua R. Nugent, Jin-Mann S. Lin, Gretchen Rothrock, Joelle Nadle, Shua J. Chai, Jennifer R. Cope, Jamila H. Champsi, James Yang, Elizabeth R. Unger, Jacek Skarbinski, for STOP-ME/CFS and COVID-SELECT
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by Mariah S. Wood, Nicole Halmer, Jeanne Bertolli, Laura B. Amsden, Joshua R. Nugent, Jin-Mann S. Lin, Gretchen Rothrock, Joelle Nadle, Shua J. Chai, Jennifer R. Cope, Jamila H. Champsi, James Yang, Elizabeth R. Unger, Jacek Skarbinski, for STOP-ME/CFS and COVID-SELECT Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be triggered by infectious agents including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ME/CFS prevalence is not well characterized. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, we enrolled a stratified random sample of 9,825 adult participants in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) integrated health system from July to October 2022 to assess overall ME/CFS-like illness prevalence and the proportion that were identified following COVID-19 illness. We used medical record and survey data to estimate the prevalence of ME/CFS-like illness based on self-reported symptoms congruent with the 2015 Institute of Medicine ME/CFS criteria. History of COVID-19 was based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test or ICD-10 diagnosis code in the medical record, or self-report of prior COVID-19 on a survey. Results Of 2,745,374 adults in the eligible population, an estimated 45,892 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32,869, 58,914) or 1.67% (CI 1.20%, 2.15%) had ME/CFS-like illness. Among those with ME/CFS-like illness, an estimated 14.12% (CI 3.64%, 24.6%) developed the illness after COVID-19. Among persons who had COVID-19, those with ME/CFS-like illness after COVID-19 were more likely to be unvaccinated and to have had COVID-19 before June 1, 2021. All persons with ME/CFS-like illness had significant impairment in physical, mental, emotional, social, and occupational functioning compared to persons without ME/CFS-like illness. Conclusions In a large, integrated health system, 1.67% of adults had ME/CFS-like illness and 14.12% of all persons with ME/CFS-like illness developed it after COVID-19. Though COVID-19 did not substantially increase ME/CFS-like illness in the KPNC population during the study time period, ME/CFS-like illness nevertheless affects a notable portion of this population and is consistent with estimates of ME/CFS prevalence in other populations. Additional attention is needed to improve awareness, diagnosis, and treatment of ME/CFS.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCrystal X. Wang, Stanley J. Huey Jr., Miriam P. Rubenson
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by Crystal X. Wang, Stanley J. Huey Jr., Miriam P. Rubenson The uncertainty-threat model of conservatism posits that people turn to political conservatism to protect themselves from perceived threats; indeed, studies show increases in conservative ideology and outgroup bias following threat priming. The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented threat that has had devastating effects on the health and economic lives of Americans. Concerns surrounding the threat of COVID-19 may have secondary effects on other aspects of American life, such as political and anti-Asian racial bias. The current studies explored the effects of COVID-19 related threats on expressed political conservatism, xenophobia, and racial bias under the uncertainty-threat model. Study 1 assessed the effects of priming health or economic risks of COVID-19 (vs. control), and found that economic threat led to increased xenophobia, but had no effects on overall conservatism. Study 2 then investigated whether the effects of COVID-related economic threat prime extended to racial bias, and explored moderators and mediators of effects. Results showed that the economic threat prime increased perceived group-status threat, and indirectly increased conservatism, xenophobia, and racial bias through the mechanism of perceived group-status threat. Effects were greatest for those impacted financially by the pandemic. In general, our studies provide support for the uncertainty-threat model with the novel threat of the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for understanding potential shifts in conservatism and bias in response to future threats in the United States are discussed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedA Kawaguchi, K Nagaoka, H Kawasuji, T Kawagishi, T Fuchigami, K Ikeda, JI Kanatani, T Doi, K Oishi, Y. Yamamoto
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Between 2020–2024, the global spread of Streptococcus pyogenes emm lineage M1UK has been identified as an emerging public health concern [1–4]. The strain was first described in the UK, where it was associated with an increase in scarlet fever cases from 2014 to 2018 [5]. One key aspect of this specific variant is a significantly high incidence of severe community-acquired pneumonia complicated by empyema, which has been reported in several countries [6–8]. Precedent or concurrent respiratory viral infection, mostly caused by influenza viruses, has been suggested to trigger pulmonary invasive group A Streptococcus (PiGAS) infections [6-9].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThiago Cerqueira-Silva, Viviane S. Boaventura, Neil Pearce, Manoel Barral-Netto
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Our findings confirm that high vaccination coverage using vaccines that prevent infection indirectly protects the community. However, IVE was substantially higher during the pre-Omicron period.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPan-Pan Ye, Bu-Fan Yao, Yang Yang, Xin-Mei Yang, Qian Li, Lin-Lin Song, Ke-Guang Chen, Hai-Yan Zhou, Jin-Yi Shi, Ye-Hui Zhang, Fu-Rong Zhao, Zi-jia Guo, Shan-sen Xu, Jia Chen, Aik Han Goh, Shun-Wei Zhu, Yi Zheng, Wei Zhao
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Simnotrelvir is a small molecule highly specific 3C-like protease inhibitor for anti-SARS-CoV-2 and was approved as a combination drug with ritonavir (simnotrelvir/ritonavir) in China. Simnotrelvir is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and a weak inhibitor of CYP3A. Ritonavir is a substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A and an inhibitor of P-gp. Hence, the drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of simnotrelvir/ritonavir should be investigated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDevelay, E., Wartelle-Bladou, C., Talbot, A., Khemiri, R., Parent, J., Boulanger, A., Dubreucq, S., Page, M. G.
BMJ Open, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare and contrast the experiences of interdisciplinary attendees (spokes) and experts (hub members) from three Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) programmes: hepatitis C, chronic pain and concurrent mental health and substance use disorders. DesignProspective qualitative study. SettingSingle-centre in tertiary care. ParticipantsThe team conducted 30 one-on-one interviews with spokes and 4 focus groups with hub members from three ECHO programmes. AnalysesThree analysts were involved to perform a reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsOur results showed the benefits and limitations of the three ECHOs, varying according to specificities of targeted chronic conditions. Three overarching themes were identified from the data analysis: (1) perceived impacts of an interprofessional educational setting; (2) nature of disease and interprofessional interactions as determinants of clinical practice changes in diagnoses and treatments and (3) impacts on patient engagement and care pathways. ConclusionsThe extent to which a chronic disease relies on a biopsychosocial approach, the degree of interdisciplinary care required and the simplicity/complexity of treatment algorithms influence perceived benefits and barriers to participating in ECHO programmes. These points raised by our study are important in the understanding of the successes and limitations of implementing an ECHO programme. They are essential as they provide key information for tailoring Project ECHO to the chronic disease it addresses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDunlop, C. L., Kilpatrick, C., Jones, L., Bonet, M., Allegranzi, B., Brizuela, V., Graham, W., Thompson, A., Cheshire, J., Lissauer, D.
BMJ Open, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
IntroductionHand hygiene is key in preventing healthcare-associated infections, but it is challenging in maternity settings due to high patient turnover, frequent emergencies and volume of aseptic procedures. We sought to investigate if adaptions to the WHO hand hygiene reminders could improve their acceptability in maternity settings globally, and use these findings to develop new reminders specific to maternity settings. MethodsInformed by Sekhon et al’s acceptability framework, we conducted an online survey, semi-structured interviews and a focus group examining the three WHO central hand hygiene reminders (‘your five moments of hand hygiene’, ‘how to hand wash’ and ‘how to hand rub’) and their acceptability in maternity settings. A convergent mixed-methods study design was followed. Findings were examined overall and by country income status. A WHO expert working group tested the integrated findings, further refined results and developed recommendations to improve acceptability for use in the global maternity community. Findings were used to inform the development of two novel and acceptable hand hygiene reminders for use in high-income country (HIC) and low- and middle-income country (LMIC) maternity settings. ResultsParticipation in the survey (n=342), semi-structured interviews (n=12) and focus group (n=7) spanned 51 countries (14 HICs and 37 LMICs). The highest scoring acceptability constructs were clarity of the intervention (intervention coherence), confidence in performance (self-efficacy), and alignment with personal values (ethicality). The lowest performing were perceived difficulty (burden) and how the intervention made the participant feel (affective attitude). Overfamiliarity reduced acceptability in HICs (perceived effectiveness). In LMICs, resource availability was a barrier to implementation (opportunity cost). Two new reminders were developed based on the findings, using inclusive female images, and clinical examples from maternity settings. ConclusionFollowing methodologically robust adaptation, two novel and inclusive maternity-specific hand hygiene reminders have been developed for use in both HIC and LMICs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVogt, R. L., Heck, P. R., Mestechkin, R. M., Heydari, P., Chabris, C. F., Meyer, M. N.
BMJ Open, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
ObjectivesPragmatic randomised controlled trials (pRCTs) are essential for determining the real-world safety and effectiveness of healthcare interventions. However, both laypeople and clinicians often demonstrate experiment aversion: preferring to implement either of two interventions for everyone rather than comparing them to determine which is best. We studied whether clinician and layperson views of pRCTs for COVID-19, as well as non-COVID-19, interventions became more positive during the pandemic, which increased both the urgency and public discussion of pRCTs. DesignRandomised survey experiments. SettingGeisinger, a network of hospitals and clinics in central and northeastern Pennsylvania, USA; Amazon Mechanical Turk, a research participant platform used to recruit online participants residing across the USA. Data were collected between August 2020 and February 2021. Participants2149 clinicians (the types of people who conduct or make decisions about conducting pRCTs) and 2909 laypeople (the types of people who are included in pRCTs as patients). The clinician sample was primarily female (81%), comprised doctors (15%), physician assistants (9%), registered nurses (54%) and other medical professionals, including other nurses, genetic counsellors and medical students (23%), and the majority of clinicians (62%) had more than 10 years of experience. The layperson sample ranges in age from 18 to 88 years old (mean=38, SD=13) and the majority were white (75%) and female (56%). Outcome measuresParticipants read vignettes in which a hypothetical decision-maker who sought to improve health could choose to implement intervention A for all, implement intervention B for all, or experimentally compare A and B and implement the superior intervention. Participants rated and ranked the appropriateness of each decision. Experiment aversion was defined as the degree to which a participant rated the experiment below their lowest-rated intervention. ResultsIn a survey of laypeople administered during the pandemic, we found significant aversion to experiments involving catheterisation checklists and hypertension drugs unrelated to the treatment of COVID-19 (Cohen’s d=0.25–0.46, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background Calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) poses a formidable challenge in treatment due to the distinct anatomical structure and functional properties of the calcaneus. The present study endeavors to furnish a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, and therapeutic outcomes pertaining to pediatric calcaneal osteomyelitis (PCO) by conducting a meticulous synthesis and analysis of cases reported in the literature. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify English-language studies analyzing PCO between 2000 and 2021. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale. Effective data were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 42 studies, encompassing 128 patients, fulfilled the established inclusion criteria. The gender distribution revealed a male-to-female ratio of 2:1 (81 boys and 40 girls). The median age at the time of diagnosis was 8 years, while the median duration of symptoms was 0.6 month. Trauma emerged as the primary etiology (41 cases, 54%), and limited activity was the most prevalent symptom (68 cases). The positive rate for pathogen culture was 75.4% (49/65), with Staphylococcus aureus being the most commonly isolated pathogen (28 cases, 57.1%). Surgical intervention was performed in 51% (64/126) of the patients, with debridement serving as the primary surgical strategy. The rate of infection recurrence was 6.8% (8/118), and the risk of below-knee amputation was 0.8% (1/124). Conclusions PCO occurred more frequently in male patients, with trauma being the primary underlying cause and Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent bacterial pathogen isolated. Over half of the patients underwent surgical intervention. Nonetheless, it is imperative that treatment strategies undergo further refinement, as approximately 7% of patients experienced infection recurrence.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background Taste disorders in patients suffering from COVID-19 were popular. Some people even after recovery report residual effects of loss of smell and taste. This study aimed to investigate the taste Perception of Iranian Medical Sciences students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The case-control study evaluated 50 Medical Sciences students with a history of COVID-19 infection, as confirmed by the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV) CFX96™ Real-Time PCR Detection System. The other participants consisted of 50 volunteer students with COVID-19 negative. The taste perception was measured with 4 different concentrations of the basic tastes. The stimuli were applied to the protruded tongue. Subjects were asked to identify the researcher when they felt the taste. Data are expressed as frequency distribution and analyzed with the Chi-Square test (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background An occupational exposure, i.e. exposure incident (EI), is contact with potentially contaminated material that may contain bloodborne pathogens and that occurs during occupational activities inside or outside a health care facility, either during direct work with a patient or during contact with a patient’s body fluids and tissues. This study aimed to compare the frequency of EIs in a university hospital before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods This was a descriptive study with a historical comparison group conducted at the Dubrava University Hospital (DUH) in Zagreb, Croatia. We compared the frequency of EIs among healthcare and non-healthcare workers before (from March 11, 2018, to March 10, 2020) and during (from March 11, 2020, to March 11, 2022) the COVID-19 pandemic, expressed as the number of EIs per number of hospitalized patients and the total number of hospital activities. We analyzed data based on the status of the hospital (a COVID-19 hospital or not) and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) as recommended by the World Health Organization. Results During the total analyzed period, 241 EIs were reported in DUH. Before the pandemic, 128 EIs were reported, compared to 113 during the pandemic. Before the pandemic, 91% of EIs were recorded in healthcare workers, while during the pandemic, 96% of EIs were recorded in healthcare workers. Slightly more EIs were recorded during the period of mixed work form and de-escalation of PPE. The rate of EIs relative to the total number of hospital patients was significantly higher during the pandemic (3.9/1000) than in the pre-pandemic period (2.5/1000). The rate of EIs relative to the total number of hospital activities was significantly higher during the pandemic (0.4/1000) than in the pre-pandemic period (0.2/1000). Conclusion The rate of EIs relative to the total number of hospitalized patients and the total number of hospital activities in DUH was significantly higher during the pandemic, and the rate of total EIs increased among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study show that it is necessary to constantly and effectively work on the prevention of EI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a highly fatal infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), posing a significant public health threat. This study aimed to construct a dynamic model for the early identification of SFTS patients at high risk of disease progression. Methods All eligible patients enrolled between April 2014 and July 2023 were divided into training and validation sets. Thirty-four clinical variables in the training set underwent analysis using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression. Selected variables were then input into the multivariate logistic regression model to construct a dynamic nomogram. The model’s performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) in both training and validation sets. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was utilized to evaluate prognostic performance. Results 299 SFTS patients entered the final investigation, with 208 patients in the training set and 90 patients in the validation set. LASSO and the multivariate logistic regression identified six significant prediction factors: age (OR, 1.060; 95% CI, 1.017–1.109; P = 0.007), CREA (OR, 1.017; 95% CI, 1.003–1.031; P = 0.019), PT (OR, 1.765; 95% CI, 1.175–2.752; P = 0.008), D-dimer (OR, 1.039; 95% CI, 1.005–1.078; P = 0.032), nervous system symptoms (OR, 8.244; 95% CI, 3.035–26.858; P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background In addition to antibiotic resistance, persistence is another cause of treatment failure in bacterial infections, representing a significant public health concern. Due to a lack of adequate data on clinical isolates, this study was initiated to investigate persistence in clinical isolates in Burkina Faso. Methods Eighty (80) clinical isolates, including 32 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 41 Staphylococcus aureus, and 7 Salmonella sp. obtained from clinical laboratories in Burkina Faso, were analyzed to assess their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, as well as to determine the presence of persistence genes. The effects of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin on persister formation were evaluated by conducting colony counts at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 20 h after exposing the bacteria to high concentrations of these antibiotics. Results Results showed high sensitivity to both antibiotics (72.5% for ciprofloxacin and 82.5% for gentamicin). Persister formation occurred in Staphylococcus aureus with gentamicin and in Salmonella sp. with ciprofloxacin, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa did not form persisters. The mazF gene was found in 28.13% of P. aeruginosa and 2.44% of S. aureus isolates, and the hipA gene in 28.57% of Salmonella sp. None of the relE1 or relE2 genes were detected. Conclusions The study revealed high sensitivity in clinical bacterial isolates to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella sp. showed persister formation under antibiotic stress, with low frequencies of the studied persistence genes. These findings enhance understanding of clinical bacterial behavior and inform strategies against antibiotic-resistant infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuan Guo Qingqiang Xu Yilin Zhong Yubin Su Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Virulence, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Neva M. CorriganAriel RokemPatricia K. KuhlaInstitute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195bInstitute on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195cDepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195deScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195eDepartment of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 38, September 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlaullah SheikhDebayan GanguliTim J. VickersBernhard B. SingerJennifer Foulke-AbelMarjahan AkhtarNazia KhatoonBipul SetuSupratim BasuClayton HarroNicole MaierWandy L. BeattySubhra ChakrabortyTaufiqur R. BhuiyanFirdausi QadriMark DonowitzJames M. FleckensteinaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110bInstitute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, GermanycDivision of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287dEnteric and Respiratory. Infections, Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, BangladesheDivision of Global Disease Epidemiology and Control with the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205fCenter for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA 98121gDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110hMedicine Service, Infectious Disease Section, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO 63106
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 38, September 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaimie P. Meyer, Elizabeth Lazarus, Karlye Phillips, Z. Thomasina Watts, Brenice Duroseau, Cindy Carlson, Carolina R. Price, Trace Kershaw, Tiara C. Willie
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
by Jaimie P. Meyer, Elizabeth Lazarus, Karlye Phillips, Z. Thomasina Watts, Brenice Duroseau, Cindy Carlson, Carolina R. Price, Trace Kershaw, Tiara C. Willie Background Women exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) experience multiple social and structural barriers to accessing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), despite being at increased risk for HIV. In addition, few existing HIV prevention interventions address IPV. A recently developed PrEP decision aid for women has the potential to reach IPV survivors at risk for HIV if it could be integrated into existing domestic violence agencies that prioritize trust and rapport with female IPV survivors. Leveraging non-traditional service delivery mechanisms in the community could expand reach to women who are IPV survivors for PrEP. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews and online qualitative surveys with 33 IPV survivors and 9 domestic violence agency staff at two agencies in Connecticut. We applied the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to understand barriers and facilitators to delivering a novel PrEP decision aid to IPV survivors in the context of domestic violence service agencies. Results Most IPV survivors and agency staff thought the PrEP decision aid intervention could be compatible with agencies’ existing practices, especially if adapted to be trauma-responsive and delivered by trusted counselors and staff members. PrEP conversations could be packaged into already well-developed safety planning and wellness practices. Agency staff noted some concerns about prioritizing urgent safety needs over longer-term preventive health needs during crisis periods and expressed interest in receiving further training on PrEP to provide resources for their clients. Conclusions IPV survivors and agency staff identified key intervention characteristics of a PrEP decision aid and inner setting factors of the service agencies that are compatible. Any HIV prevention intervention in this setting would need to be adapted to be trauma-responsive and staff would need to be equipped with proper training to be successful.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShradha Surin, Richa Singh, Manpreet Kaur, Gourab Basu Choudhury, Himanshu Sen, Chetna Dureja, Saumen Datta, Saumya Raychaudhuri
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
by Shradha Surin, Richa Singh, Manpreet Kaur, Gourab Basu Choudhury, Himanshu Sen, Chetna Dureja, Saumen Datta, Saumya Raychaudhuri Quorum sensing plays a vital role in the environmental and host life cycles of Vibrio cholerae. The quorum-sensing circuit involves the consorted action of autoinducers, small RNAs, and regulatory proteins to control a plethora of physiological events in this bacterium. Among the regulatory proteins, LuxO is considered a low-cell-density master regulator. It is a homolog of NtrC, a two-component response regulator. NtrC belongs to an evolving protein family that works with the alternative sigma factor σ54 to trigger gene transcription. Structurally, these proteins comprise 3 domains: a receiver domain, a central AAA+ATPase domain, and a C-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD). LuxO communicates with its cognate promoters by employing its DNA binding domain. In the present study, we desired to identify the critical residues in the DBD of LuxO. Our combined mutagenesis and biochemical assays resulted in the identification of eleven residues that contribute significantly to LuxO regulatory function.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChayanit Mahasing, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, Pard Teekasap, Natthaprang Nittayasoot, Suphanat Wongsanuphat, Panithee Thammawijaya
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
by Chayanit Mahasing, Rapeepong Suphanchaimat, Pard Teekasap, Natthaprang Nittayasoot, Suphanat Wongsanuphat, Panithee Thammawijaya The COVID-19 booster immunization policy is cost-effective, but evidence on additional booster doses and appropriate strategies is scarce. This research compared the cost-effectiveness of annual, twice-a-year, and biennial booster dose policies. We performed stochastic modeling using compartmental susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered models and a system dynamic model. We evaluated four policy scenarios: (1) hypothetical no-booster immunization policy; (2) twice-a-year vaccination policy; (3) annual vaccination policy; and (4) biennial vaccination policy. In addition, we conducted a one-way sensitivity analysis by adjusting R0 from 1.8 to 3.0 in all scenarios (epidemic stage) and by decreasing the vaccination cost by 50% at the end of the first year to reflect the current policy direction to enhance domestic vaccine production. Compared to non-booster policies, all three booster strategies reduced the number of cases, hospital admissions, and severe infections remarkably. Without a booster, total cases would reach 16,220,615 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6,726,550–29,661,112) by day 1,460, whereas, with a twice-a-year booster, the total cases would reach 597,901 (95% CI 526,230–694,458) in the same period. Even though the no booster scenario exhibited the lowest cost by approximately the first 500 days, by day 1,460 the biennial booster scenario demonstrated the lowest cost at 72.0 billion baht (95% CI 68.6–79.4 billion). The most cost-saving policy was the biennial booster scenario. The annual booster scenario also stood as a cost-effective option for most outcomes. In the epidemic stage and in an assumption where the vaccination costs dropped, all booster policies became more cost-effective or cost-saving compared with the main assumption. This study underscores the significance of the COVID-19 vaccine booster policy. Implementing policies should take into consideration cost-effectiveness, feasibility, and public communication.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAuxiliare Kuretu, Mamosheledi Mothibe, Phikelelani Ngubane, Ntethelelo Sibiya
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
by Auxiliare Kuretu, Mamosheledi Mothibe, Phikelelani Ngubane, Ntethelelo Sibiya Efavirenz, tenofovir, rifampicin, simvastatin, lamotrigine and clarithromycin are known potential mitochondrial toxicants. Mitochondrial toxicity has been reported to disrupt the chain of events in the insulin signalling pathway. Considering the upward trajectory of diabetes mellitus prevalence, studies which seek to uncover probable risk factors for developing diabetes should be encouraged. This study aimed to evaluate the intracellular mechanisms leading to the development of insulin resistance in the presence of various conventional pharmacological agents reported as potential mitochondrial toxicants in skeletal muscle cell line. Differentiated C2C12 preparations were exposed to multiple concentrations of efavirenz, tenofovir, rifampicin, simvastatin, lamotrigine, and clarithromycin, separately. Glucose handling was evaluated by observing the changes in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and assessing the changes in GLUT4 translocation, GLUT4 expression and Akt expression. The changes in mitochondrial function were evaluated by assessing mitochondrial membrane integrity, cellular ATP production, generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, expression of tafazzin and quantification of medium malonaldehyde. Insulin stimulated glucose uptake was perturbed in C2C12 pre-treated with potential mitotoxicants. Additionally, ATP synthesis, alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential, excessive accumulation of ROS and malonaldehyde were observed in the presence of potential mitotoxicants. Particularly, we observed suppression of proteins involved in the insulin signalling pathway and maintenance of mitochondrial function namely GLUT4, Akt and tafazzin. Mitochondrial toxicants can potentially induce insulin resistance emanating from mitochondrial dysfunction. These new findings will contribute to the understanding of underlying mechanisms involved in the development of insulin resistance linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShelly-Anne Li, Clive Stevens, Coco Zhang Ke Jiang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
by Shelly-Anne Li, Clive Stevens, Coco Zhang Ke Jiang Background Public health restrictions during the Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Canada have substantially reduced the work and income of performing and creative artists. We aimed to understand how factors at the public policy, community, organizational, interpersonal and individual levels affected Canadian performing and creative artists’ health and livelihood during the pandemic. Methods We interviewed 14 creative and performing artists from an academic hospital-based healthcare center in Toronto, Canada. In addition, we conducted secondary data analysis on an existing set of 17 transcribed interviews from a quality improvement study that included relevant information to answer the present study’s research question. We applied an interpretive descriptive approach to our qualitative inquiry and used the social-ecological model (SEM) as our analytic framework. Results We identified factors at all levels of the SEM that tended to synergistically affect the health and livelihood of artists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health restrictions and government financial assistance programs have downstream effects on other levels. During the pandemic, many artists sensed an overwhelming loss of community, financial instability, and limited access to healthcare; which in turn affected their health. For those who accessed financial assistance programs, the stability of income afforded time for rest without the stress of food insecurity or housing instability. Conclusions Use of the SEM as an analytic framework reflects the multidirectional intricacy and dynamic interplay among factors operating within and across all five levels, bringing to light potential areas of improvement at various levels to strengthen resilience and reduce risk factors associated with artists’ health and healthcare access. Findings also accentuated the fragility of precarious work that inundates the performing arts industry, which emphasizes the need for interventions and policies to address this issue. Such interventions might include financial support programs for artists, access to affordable healthcare services, and efforts to strengthen social support networks within the arts community.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIris Willems, Vera Verbestel, Dorothea Dumuid, Patrick Calders, Bruno Lapauw, Marieke De Craemer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
by Iris Willems, Vera Verbestel, Dorothea Dumuid, Patrick Calders, Bruno Lapauw, Marieke De Craemer Background Movement behavior features such as time use estimates, average acceleration and intensity gradient are crucial in understanding associations with cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to 1) compare movement behavior features processed by commonly used accelerometer metrics among adults (i.e. Euclidian Norm Minus One (ENMO), Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) and counts per minute (CPM)), 2) investigate the impact of accelerometer metrics on compliance with movement behavior guidelines, and 3) explore potential variations in the association between movement behavior features and cardiometabolic variables depending on the chosen metric. Methods This cross-sectional study collected movement behavior features (Actigraph GT3X+) and cardiometabolic variables. Accelerometer data were analyzed by four metrics, i.e. ENMO, MAD, and CPM vertical axis and CPM vector magnitude (GGIR). Intraclass correlations and Bland‒Altman plots identified metric differences for time use in single movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior), average acceleration and intensity gradient. Regression models across the four metrics were used to explore differences in 24-hour movement behaviors (24h-MBs; compositional variable) as for exploration of associations with cardiometabolic variables. Results Movement behavior data from 213 Belgian adults (mean age 45.8±10.8 years, 68.5% female) differed according to the metric used, with ENMO representing the most sedentary movement behavior profile and CPM vector magnitude representing the most active profile. Compliance rates for meeting integrated 24h-MBs guidelines varied from 0–25% depending on the metric used. Furthermore, the strength and direction of associations between movement behavior features and cardiometabolic variables (body mass index, waist circumference, fat% and HbA1c) differed by the choice of metric. Conclusion The metric used during data processing markedly influenced cut-point dependent time use estimates and cut-point independent average acceleration and intensity gradient, impacting guideline compliance and associations with cardiometabolic variables. Consideration is necessary when comparing findings from accelerometry studies to inform public health guidelines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSara Rodríguez-Enríquez, Diana Xochiquetzal Robledo-Cadena, Silvia Cecilia Pacheco-Velázquez, Jorge Luis Vargas-Navarro, Joaquín Alberto Padilla-Flores, Tuuli Kaambre, Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
by Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez, Diana Xochiquetzal Robledo-Cadena, Silvia Cecilia Pacheco-Velázquez, Jorge Luis Vargas-Navarro, Joaquín Alberto Padilla-Flores, Tuuli Kaambre, Rafael Moreno-Sánchez Objective Cytotoxicity of the antirheumatic drug auranofin (Aur) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug meclofenamic acid (MA) on several cancer cell lines and isolated mitochondria was examined to assess whether these drugs behave as oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors. Methods The effect of Aur or MA for 24 h was assayed on metastatic cancer and non-cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, mitophagy and metastasis; as well as on oxygen consumption rates of cancer and non-cancer mitochondria. Results Aur doses in the low micromolar range were required to decrease proliferation of metastatic HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas one or two orders of magnitude higher levels were required to affect proliferation of non-cancer cells. MA doses required to affect cancer cell growth were one order of magnitude higher than those of Aur. At the same doses, Aur impaired oxidative phosphorylation in isolated mitochondria and intact cells through mitophagy induction, as well as glycolysis. Consequently, cell migration and invasiveness were severely affected. The combination of Aur with very low cisplatin concentrations promoted that the effects on cellular functions were potentiated. Conclusion Aur surges as a highly promising anticancer drug, suggesting that efforts to establish this drug in the clinical treatment protocols are warranted and worthy to undertake.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background Cardiovascular events following anti-malarial treatment are reported infrequently; only a few studies have reported adverse outcomes. This case presentation emphasizes cardiological assessment of Brugada syndrome, presenting as life-threatening arrhythmia during anti-malarial treatment. Without screening and untreated, this disease may lead to sudden cardiac death. Case presentation This is a case of 23-year-old male who initially presented with palpitations followed by syncope and shortness of breath with a history of malaria. He had switched treatment from quinine to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP). Further investigations revealed the ST elevation electrocardiogram pattern typical of Brugada syndrome, confirmed with flecainide challenge test. Subsequently, anti-malarial treatment was stopped and an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) was inserted. Conclusions Another possible cause of arrhythmic events happened following anti-malarial consumption. This case highlights the possibility of proarrhytmogenic mechanism of malaria infection and anti-malarial drug resulting in typical manifestations of Brugada syndrome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background Artemether–lumefantrine (AL) has been the primary anti-malarial drug used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ethiopia since 2004. However, there have been recent reports of AL resistance mutations in different African countries, including Ethiopia. This is concerning and requires periodic monitoring of anti-malarial drug resistance. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of AL in treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the Arba Minch Zuria District, Gamo Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A single-arm prospective study with a 28-day follow-up period was conducted from July to October 2022. Capillary blood samples were collected for RDT and microscopic examination. The study enrolled monoinfected P. falciparum patients aged ≥ 18 years at Ganta Sira Health Post. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded, and a dried blood spot (DBS) was prepared for each participant. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) genotyping of the msp-1 and msp-2 genes was only performed for recurrent cases to distinguish between recurrence and reinfection. Data entry and analysis were performed using the WHO Excel spreadsheet and SPSS version 26. Results A total of 89 patients were enrolled, and 67 adequately completed the 28-day follow-up period. AL showed a 100% clearance rate for fever on day 2 and asexual parasites on day 3. Gametocytes were detected in 13.5% (12/89) of the participants. The gametocyte clearance rate was 58.3% (7/12) until day 7 and 100% (12/12) until day 14. Five participants developed recurrent malaria, three of whom experienced relapse and two of whom experienced reinfection. Based on the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, the PCR-uncorrected and PCR-corrected cumulative incidence of success were 93.7% (95% CI 85.5–97.3) and 96.2% (95% CI 85.5–98.7), respectively. Conclusion AL was efficacious in treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in the study area. However, the detection of recurrent patients highlights the need for continuous efficacy studies in this area.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background Intensive deployment of insecticide based malaria vector control tools resulted in the rapid evolution of phenotypes resistant to these chemicals. Understanding this process at the genomic level is important for the deployment of successful vector control interventions. Therefore, longitudinal sampling followed by whole genome sequencing (WGS) is necessary to understand how these evolutionary processes evolve over time. This study investigated the change in genetic structure and the evolution of the insecticide resistance variants in natural populations of Anopheles gambiae over time and space from 2012 to 2017 in Burkina Faso. Methods New genomic data have been generated from An. gambiae mosquitoes collected from three villages in the western part of Burkina Faso between 2012 and 2017. The samples were whole-genome sequenced and the data used in the An. gambiae 1000 genomes (Ag1000G) project as part of the Vector Observatory. Genomic data were analysed using the analysis pipeline previously designed by the Ag1000G project. Results The results showed similar and consistent nucleotide diversity and negative Tajima’s D between An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles coluzzii. Principal component analysis (PCA) and the fixation index (FST) showed a clear genetic structure in the An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) species. Genome-wide FST and H12 scans identified genomic regions under divergent selection that may have implications in the adaptation to ecological changes. Novel voltage-gated sodium channel pyrethroid resistance target-site alleles (V402L, I1527T) were identified at increasing frequencies alongside the established alleles (Vgsc-L995F, Vgsc-L995S and N1570Y) within the An. gambiae s.l. populations. Organophosphate metabolic resistance markers were also identified, at increasing frequencies, within the An. gambiae s.s. populations from 2012 to 2017, including the SNP Ace1-G280S and its associated duplication. Variants simultaneously identified in the same vector populations raise concerns about the long-term efficacy of new generation bed nets and the recently organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl indoor residual spraying in Burkina Faso. Conclusion These findings highlighted the benefit of genomic surveillance of malaria vectors for the detection of new insecticide resistance variants, the monitoring of the existing resistance variants, and also to get insights into the evolutionary processes driving insecticide resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Background The core vector control tools used to reduce malaria prevalence are currently long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), and indoor residual spraying (IRS). These interventions are hindered by insecticide resistance and behavioural adaptation by malaria vectors. Thus, for effective interruption of malaria transmission, there is a need to develop novel vector control interventions and technologies to address the above challenges. Larviciding using drones was experimented as an innovative tool that could complement existing indoor interventions to control malaria. Methods A non-randomized larviciding trial was carried out in irrigated rice fields in sub-urban Kigali, Rwanda. Potential mosquito larval habitats in study sites were mapped and subsequently sprayed using multirotor drones. Application of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) (Vectobac® WDG) was followed by entomological surveys that were performed every two weeks over a ten-month period. Sampling of mosquito larvae was done with dippers while adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC miniature light traps (CDC-LT) and pyrethrum spraying collection (PSC) methods. Malaria cases were routinely monitored through community health workers in villages surrounding the study sites. Results The abundance of all-species mosquito larvae, Anopheles larvae and all-species pupae declined by 68.1%, 74.6% and 99.6%, respectively. Larval density was reduced by 93.3% for total larvae, 95.3% for the Anopheles larvae and 61.9% for pupae. The total adult mosquitoes and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato collected using CDC-Light trap declined by 60.6% and 80% respectively. Malaria incidence also declined significantly between intervention and control sites (U = 20, z = − 2.268, p = 0.023). Conclusions The larviciding using drone technology implemented in Rwanda demonstrated a substantial reduction in abundance and density of mosquito larvae and, concomitant decline in adult mosquito populations and malaria incidences in villages contingent to the treatment sites. The scaling up of larval source management (LSM) has to be integrated in malaria programmes in targeted areas of malaria transmission in order to enhance the gains in malaria control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Purpose Evidence on the incidence and persistence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) among children and adolescents is still limited. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 59,339 children and adolescents with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 2020 and 170,940 matched controls were followed until 2021-09-30 using German routine healthcare data. Incidence rate differences (ΔIR) and ratios (IRR) of 96 potential PASC were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified according to age (0–11, 12–17 years), and sex. At the individual level, persistence of diagnoses in patients with onset symptoms was tracked starting from the first quarter post-infection. Results At 0–3 month follow-up, children and adolescents with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a 34% increased risk of adverse health outcome, and approximately 6% suffered from PASC in association with COVID-19. The attributable risk was higher among adolescents (≥ 12 years) than among children. For most common symptoms, IRRs largely persisted at 9–12 month follow-up. IRR were highest for rare conditions strongly associated with COVID-19, particularly inflammatory conditions among children 0–11 years, and chronic fatigue and respiratory insufficiency among adolescents. Tracking of diagnoses at the individual level revealed similar rates in the decline of symptoms among COVID-19 and control cohorts, generally leaving less than 10% of the patients with persistent diagnoses after 12 months. Conclusion Although very few patients presented symptoms for longer than 12 months, excess morbidity among children and, particularly, adolescents with a history of COVID-19 means a relevant burden for pediatric care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Abstract Purpose Evidence on the incidence and persistence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) among children and adolescents is still limited. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 59,339 children and adolescents with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in 2020 and 170,940 matched controls were followed until 2021-09-30 using German routine healthcare data. Incidence rate differences (ΔIR) and ratios (IRR) of 96 potential PASC were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified according to age (0–11, 12–17 years), and sex. At the individual level, persistence of diagnoses in patients with onset symptoms was tracked starting from the first quarter post-infection. Results At 0–3 month follow-up, children and adolescents with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a 34% increased risk of adverse health outcome, and approximately 6% suffered from PASC in association with COVID-19. The attributable risk was higher among adolescents (≥ 12 years) than among children. For most common symptoms, IRRs largely persisted at 9–12 month follow-up. IRR were highest for rare conditions strongly associated with COVID-19, particularly inflammatory conditions among children 0–11 years, and chronic fatigue and respiratory insufficiency among adolescents. Tracking of diagnoses at the individual level revealed similar rates in the decline of symptoms among COVID-19 and control cohorts, generally leaving less than 10% of the patients with persistent diagnoses after 12 months. Conclusion Although very few patients presented symptoms for longer than 12 months, excess morbidity among children and, particularly, adolescents with a history of COVID-19 means a relevant burden for pediatric care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJan Naseer KaurJack F. KlemYang LiuKatie Rose BoissonneaultPatricia N. HoldenBarry KreiswirthLiang ChenNicholas M. SmithBrian T. Tsuji1Center for Infectious Diseases Next Generation Therapeutics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA2School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA3Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USAJames E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Nicole L. HenriksenElizabeth Serrano-ChávezAlbert Fuglsang-MadsenLouise K. JensenHans GottliebMats BueThomas L. AndresenJonas R. HenriksenAnders E. Hansen1Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark2Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark4Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark5Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, DenmarkAnne-Catrin Uhlemann
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Rima R. Sahay, Harsha C. Palav, Anita M. Shete, Deepak Y. Patil, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Chandni Radhakrishnan, P. Shihabudheen, Anoop Kumar, Anitha Puduvail Moorkoth, Nandan Mohite, Pranay Gurav, Niyas K. Pullor, Rajlaxmi Jain, Yash Joshi, Lathika Velichapat Ramakrishnan, Nivedita Gupta, Vainav Patel, Pragya D. Yadav
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Ana Carolina Marinho Monteiro Lima, Dhara Isabella Barreto de Souza Silva, Raissa Frazão Campos, Felipe de Oliveira Andrade, Jéssica Oliveira de Souza Nascimento, Carolina Souza Santana, Laura Nascimento Barreto, Marina Silveira Cucco, Melina Mosquero Navarro Borba, Davi Tanajura Costa, Ricardo Khouri, Fernanda Khouri Barreto, Luciane Amorim Santos
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Chaoyue Zhao, Guonan Cai, Shuai Jiang, Xun Wang, Chen Li, Xinyu Liu, Rui Qiao, Xiaoyu Zhao, Yuchen Cui, Yanjia Chen, Jiayan Li, Changyi Liu, Jizhen Yu, Jiami Gong, Pengfei Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024
Uni Park, Jae Hoon Lee, Uijin Kim, Kyeongseok Jeon, Yuri Kim, Hyeran Kim, Ju‐il Kang, Mi Yeon Park, Sun Ha Park, Jeong Seok Cha, Ga‐Yeon Yoon, Da‐Eun Jeong, Taehun Kim, Songhyeok Oh, Sang Ho Yoon, Liyuan Jin, Yoojin Ahn, Min Yeong Lim, Seung Ro Han, Hye Young Kim, Myoung‐Hwan Kim, Yin Hua Zhang, Jun‐Gu Kang, Myung‐Shin Lee, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hyun‐Soo Cho, Han‐Woong Lee, Nam‐Hyuk Cho
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.09.2024
Tilføjet 18.09.2024