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Zannat Kawser, Saikt Rahman, Emilie Westeel, Mohammad Tanbir Habib, Mohabbat Hossain, Md. Rakibul Hassan Bulbul, Sharmin Aktar Mukta, Md. Zahirul Islam, Md. Zakir Hossain, Mokibul Hassan Afrad, Manjur Hossain Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Md. Shakeel Ahmed, Jean-Luc Berland, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Firdausi Qadri
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Zannat Kawser, Saikt Rahman, Emilie Westeel, Mohammad Tanbir Habib, Mohabbat Hossain, Md. Rakibul Hassan Bulbul, Sharmin Aktar Mukta, Md. Zahirul Islam, Md. Zakir Hossain, Mokibul Hassan Afrad, Manjur Hossain Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Md. Shakeel Ahmed, Jean-Luc Berland, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Firdausi Qadri Background The widespread increase in multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 2020 is causing significant health concerns worldwide. While whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has played a leading role in surveillance programs, many local laboratories lack the expertise and resources. Thus, we aimed to investigate the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and evaluate the performance of multiplexed real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for screening and monitoring the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 600 confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive cases were enrolled either prospectively or retrospectively from two divisions of Bangladesh. The samples were screened by variant RT-PCR targeting five mutations of the spike gene (N501Y, P681R, L452R, E484K, E484Q). A subsample of the study population was also selected for third-generation sequencing (TGS) and the results were compared to the variant RT-PCR screening. An in-depth comparison was made between the two methods in terms of congruence and cost-benefit. Result Seven variants were detected among samples, with similar distributions of the variants across both divisions. Variant RT-PCR for the targeted mutations lead to a 98.5% call rate; only nine samples failed to be determined. No association was found regarding the demographic features, clinical criteria, or routine RT-PCR Ct values across the variants. The clade diversity of the sequenced subpopulation (n = 99) exhibited similar distributions across the two study sites and other epidemiologic variables. Variant RT-PCR successfully distinguished variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs); however, 8% discrepancy was observed for the closest lineages. Moreover, the variant RT-PCR represented an ideal balance of cost, time, and accuracy that outweigh their limitations. Conclusion Based on the strong agreement of variant RT-PCR with TGS, such rapid, easily accessible approaches of rapid strain typing are essential in the context of pandemic responses to guide both treatment decisions and public health measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Abstract Background By the end of December 2019, a new coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged, and the cause of the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several genetic factors have been implicated in diverse responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) rs2228014 polymorphism, which has been previously studied in various diseases but has not been explored in the context of COVID-19 severity. The current study aimed to assess the association between the rs2228014 polymorphism in the CXCR4 gene and the severity of COVID-19, which has not been previously reported. Method This cross-sectional study analyzed 300 adult Egyptian COVID-19 patients (156 with mild or moderate and 144 with severe or critical symptoms) admitted to Assiut University Quarantine Hospital from June to September 2022 during the omicron variant. The rs2228014 polymorphism in the CXCR4 gene was detected using real-time PCR with a TaqMan assay probe. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the best cutoff values for C-reactive protein (CRP) that can be used to estimate the severity of COVID-19. P values less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results No significant differences in the allelic or genotypic frequencies of CXCR4 rs2228014 were detected between the severity groups. However, the exclusive presence of the AA genotype in mild or moderate cases suggests its potential protective role. Additionally, significant differences in myalgia presentation, leukocyte counts and antibiotic use, were observed among different genotypes. Statistical data showed that the severity of COVID-19 could be predicted at a cutoff value of CRP > 30 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 42.9%. Conclusion The present findings suggest a potential protective role of the AA genotype and A allele of CXCR4 rs2228014 against severe COVID-19. Additionally, factors such as lack of vaccination and comorbidities such as hypertension, renal disease, and diabetes mellitus were associated with increased disease severity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Background By the end of December 2019, a new coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged, and the cause of the disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several genetic factors have been implicated in diverse responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) rs2228014 polymorphism, which has been previously studied in various diseases but has not been explored in the context of COVID-19 severity. The current study aimed to assess the association between the rs2228014 polymorphism in the CXCR4 gene and the severity of COVID-19, which has not been previously reported. Method This cross-sectional study analyzed 300 adult Egyptian COVID-19 patients (156 with mild or moderate and 144 with severe or critical symptoms) admitted to Assiut University Quarantine Hospital from June to September 2022 during the omicron variant. The rs2228014 polymorphism in the CXCR4 gene was detected using real-time PCR with a TaqMan assay probe. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the best cutoff values for C-reactive protein (CRP) that can be used to estimate the severity of COVID-19. P values less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results No significant differences in the allelic or genotypic frequencies of CXCR4 rs2228014 were detected between the severity groups. However, the exclusive presence of the AA genotype in mild or moderate cases suggests its potential protective role. Additionally, significant differences in myalgia presentation, leukocyte counts and antibiotic use, were observed among different genotypes. Statistical data showed that the severity of COVID-19 could be predicted at a cutoff value of CRP > 30 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 42.9%. Conclusion The present findings suggest a potential protective role of the AA genotype and A allele of CXCR4 rs2228014 against severe COVID-19. Additionally, factors such as lack of vaccination and comorbidities such as hypertension, renal disease, and diabetes mellitus were associated with increased disease severity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Background Patients with immunocompromising conditions are at an increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalizations and mortality. Randomized clinical trials provide limited enrollment, if any, to inform outcomes of such patients treated with remdesivir.Methods Using the US PINC AI Healthcare Database, we identified adult patients with immunocompromising conditions, hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2024. Primary outcome was all-cause inpatient mortality examined in propensity score (PS) matched patients in remdesivir versus non-remdesivir groups. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with cancer, hematologic malignancies, and solid organ/hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.Results Of 28,966 patients included in the study, 16,730 (58%) received remdesivir during first two days of hospitalization. After PS matching, 8,822 patients in remdesivir and 8,822 patients in non-remdesivir group were analyzed. Remdesivir was associated with a significantly lower mortality among patients with no supplemental oxygen (aHR [95% CI]: 14-day, 0.73 [0.62-0.86]; 28-day, 0.79 [0.68-0.91]) and among those with supplemental oxygen (14-day, 0.75 [0.67-0.85]; 28-day, 0.78 [0.70-0.86]). Remdesivir was also associated with lower mortality in subgroups of patients with cancer, hematological malignancies (including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma), and solid organ/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Conclusions In this large cohort of patients with immunocompromising conditions hospitalized for COVID-19, remdesivir was associated with significant improvement in survival, including patients with varied underlying immunocompromising conditions. The integration of current real-world evidence into clinical guideline recommendations can inform clinical communities to optimize treatment decisions in the evolving COVID-19 era, extending beyond the conclusion of the public health emergency declaration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDewi, P. E. N., Youngkong, S., Sunantiwat, M., Nathisuwan, S., Thavorncharoensap, M.
BMJ Open, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia with respect to time to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome. DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study in which medical records of hospitalised patients with ACS were reviewed. SettingThree hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. ParticipantsPatients hospitalised with ACS during two pandemic periods (first pandemic period: March–August 2020; second pandemic period: March–August 2021) and prepandemic period (March–August 2019). Outcome measuresTime to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome. ResultsA total of 598 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 615 with non-ST-elevation ACS were identified. Of these, 313, 484 and 416 were identified during the prepandemic period, first pandemic period and second pandemic period, respectively. For STEMI, the proportion of patients with a delay from symptom onset to first medical contact (FMC) was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (47.7% vs 32.0%, OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.18, 2.85). The proportion of patients with STEMI with delayed door-to-balloon (D2B) time was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (99.4% vs 92.9%, OR=13.08, 95% CI 1.57, 108.73). Significantly longer mean total ischaemic time (45.85 hours vs 30.29 hours, mean difference=14.56, 95% CI 1.85, 27.28) was observed among patients with STEMI during the second year of the pandemic as compared with the prepandemic period. No significant differences between the prepandemic period and the first pandemic period were found in terms of proportion of patients with STEMI with a delay in time from symptom onset to FMC, delayed D2B time and total ischaemic time. Only Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05) was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality in the multivariate analysis. ConclusionsThis study suggests a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment among patients with ACS. Health systems need to be well prepared to support effective and timely treatment of patients with ACS during future crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaoran Yu, Huan Wang, Sheng Ma, Wanning Chen, Lin Sun, Zhiyong Zou
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide, causing approximately 2.60 million deaths annually.[1] Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and influenza virus are three major pathogens associated with LRIs, imposing a substantial disease and economic burden. Especially in the winter of 2023, several bacteria and viruses led to an unusually high burden of LRIs according to the recent World Health Organization (WHO) reports.[2, 3] The implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected the transmission of seasonal respiratory pathogens.
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