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Ana Treviño‐Nakoura, Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo, José M. Bellon, Helena Codina, Rafael Amigot‐Sánchez, Marta Quero‐Delgado, Pablo Ryan, Isidoro Martínez, Salvador Resino
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Özge Aydın Güçlü, Ezgi Demirdöğen, Esra Kazak, Nilüfer Aylin Acet Öztürk, Merve Nur Yıldız, Orkun Eray Terzi, Aslı Görek Dilektaşlı, Ahmet Ursavaş
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Taiwo, Babafemi O.; Kuhns, Lisa. M.; Agbaji, Oche; David, Agatha; Akanmu, Sulaimon; Akinbami, Akinyinka; Omigbodun, Olayinka; Adekanmbi, Folashade; Yiltok, Esther; Ezemelue, Priscilla; Akintan, Patricia; Sodipo, Olujimi; Awolude, Olutosin; Kuti, Kehinde; Mautin, Gbenayon; Badru, Titilope; Cervantes, Marbella; Janulis, Patrick; Okonkwor, Ogochuckwu; Berzins, Baiba; Garofalo, Roberto
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Background: To address the need for improved virologic suppression among youth living with HIV (YLH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART), we evaluated peer navigation plus TXTXT daily text message ART reminders Setting: YLH aged 15-24 on ART for at least 3 months at six research sites in four Nigerian cities. Methods: Using a stepped-wedge design, Cluster 1 was non-randomized, while Clusters 2 and 3 were randomized to sequences of routine care (control period) and 48 weeks of the combination intervention (intervention period). The primary endpoint was viral suppression (HIV-1 RNA
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTassiopoulos, Katherine; John, Betsey; Khadraoui, Anisa; Salomon, Liz; Vergara, Eduardo; Fukuda, H. Dawn; Siminski, Suzanne M.; Van Dyke, Russell; DeMaria, Alfred Jr
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Background: Most young adults with perinatal HIV (PHIV) transition from pediatric or adolescent to adult clinical care. While guidelines to increase transition success have been recommended, we know little about uptake of these guidelines, particularly by adult care clinics. Methods: We administered web-based surveys to adult care providers of young adults with PHIV in Massachusetts to evaluate transition preparation and post-transition evaluation practices. We compared transition practices and HIV care continuum outcomes by clinic setting. Results: Twenty-four providers submitted information on 23 adult care clinics. Ten were hospital-based and 13 were community-based clinics. Community-based clinics were more likely than hospital-based clinics to conduct pre-transition (33% vs 10%) and post-transition (67% vs 30%) evaluation of patients’ readiness to self-manage health care, and to share health outcome information with the pediatric/adolescent care team (50% vs 20%). Community-based clinics were also more likely to have personnel dedicated to the transition process and to facilitate communication between the patient and pediatric/adolescent care team. Engagement in care was similar for young adults with PHIV seen at community-based and hospital-based clinics (88.2% vs 85.5%; p-value=1.00), but retention in care (76.5% vs 50.5%; p-value=0.05) and viral suppression (88.2% vs 65.1%; p-value=0.08) were higher in community-based than in hospital-based clinics. Conclusion: In Massachusetts, transition practices vary across adult clinics that care for young adults with PHIV. Recommended practices, and HIV care continuum outcomes, were more likely to be met at community-based clinics than hospital-based clinics. Community-based adult care may provide more comprehensive transition practices and serve as a model for hospital-based clinics. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMagagnoli, Joseph; Cummings, Tammy H.; Wyatt, Michael D.; Shtutman, Michael; Sutton, S. Scott
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Background: Comorbidities such as schizophrenia and medication such as antipsychotics may influence the risk of dementia among people living with HIV (PLWH). The objective of this paper is to assess the associations among HIV patients with schizophrenia, off-label antipsychotics, and dementia risk. Setting: US Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare facilities from 2000 to September 2023. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of PLWH treated by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs with prior history of schizophrenia, off-label antipsychotic use and neither schizophrenia nor antipsychotic use. Propensity score matched non-HIV controls were included for the respective HIV groups. The hazard of dementia is estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: PLWH and schizophrenia, were found to have a 2.49 higher hazard of dementia compared to HIV patients with no history of schizophrenia or antipsychotic medication use (HR=2.49, 95%CI=(1.85-3.35)). PLWH and off-label antipsychotic use were found to have a 1.77-fold higher hazard of dementia compared to HIV patients with no history of schizophrenia or antipsychotic medication use (HR=1.77, 95% CI=(1.37-2.28)). Propensity score matched analysis reveals that, among schizophrenia patientis, those with HIV had a 1.65-fold higher hazard of dementia (HR=1.65, 95%CI=(1.12-2.44)). Among patients with no schizophrenia or antipsychotic medication, those with HIV had a 1.47 fold higher hazard of dementia (HR=1.47, 95%CI=(1.33-1.63)). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that among PLWH, history of schizophrenia or off-label antipsychotic medication use are associated with substantial increases in dementia incidence. Furthermore, propensity-matched control analysis reveals that HIV infection itself is independently and significantly associated with elevated dementia risk. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIñaki Beguiristain, Aitziber Aguinaga, Miguel Fernandez-Huerta, Rafael Sadaba, Carmen Ezpeleta
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
A 74 year-old male presented to the Emergency Department in October 2023 complaining of asthenia and dyspnea on exertion for the previous 15 days. He had been followed by his primary care doctor since May 2023 due to a constitutional syndrome and an iron deficiency anemia that did not respond to oral iron treatment, requiring hospital admission in September 2023 for intravenous iron treatment. The patient, a shepherd living in a rural area of Navarre (northern Spain), had regular animal exposure to sheep and dogs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChin-Shiang Tsai, Nan-Yao Lee, Po-Lin Chen, Szu-Ying Chen, Ying-Jun Lin, Pei-Fang Tsai, Huey-Pin Tsai, Jiun-Ling Wang, Wen-Chien Ko
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Since the 1970s, enteric parasitic infections, such as amebiasis and giardiasis, have been reported to be transmitted among men who have sex with men (MSM) [1,2]. Since the 1990s, shigellosis outbreaks have predominantly affected men who have sex with men (MSM) in some industrialized countries. The key risk factors for shigellosis include condomless sex, oroanal sexual behavior, and HIV infection [3,4]. Since 2010, several drug-resistant Campylobacter outbreaks have been reported in North America, primarily among MSM [5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract The etiologic agent of Pacific Coast tick fever (PCTF), a moderately severe tickborne illness that resembles Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), was first isolated in 1966 from specimens of Dermacentor occidentalis (the Pacific Coast tick) obtained in California. For several decades, this bacterium was identified ambiguously as the unclassified spotted fever group Rickettsia species 364-D, Rickettsia 364, or Rickettsia philipii. However, none of these epithets satisfied criteria of formal bacterial nomenclature. Data developed from mouse serotyping studies performed 45 years ago, and multi-locus sequence typing several decades later, indicated that this bacterium was similar to, but distinct from isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiological agent of RMSF. We applied an integrative taxonomic approach, combining phenotypic, ecological, and clinical data with whole genome sequencing of 11 contemporary isolates of this pathogen to identify it as a distinct subspecies of R. rickettsii, and propose the name Rickettsia rickettsii subsp. californica subsp. nov.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Lassa fever (LF), caused by Lassa virus (LASV) infection, typically leads to mild symptoms in humans, yet some survivors experience audiovestibular problems. Here we present vestibular histopathological insights in our LF model mice. We observed: 1) hemorrhage within the vestibular ganglion and stroma beneath the sensory epithelium, 2) preserved hair cells and supporting cells, 3) LASV antigen presence in the vestibular ganglion cells and the stroma beneath the sensory epithelium, and 4) CD3-positive T lymphocyte infiltration in the vestibular ganglion and the stroma underlying the sensory epithelium. LASV and/or its immune response likely contributes to the pathogenesis of vestibular dysfunction.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXu, Y., Wen, S., Zhang, L., Su, J.
BMJ Open, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a model for the dissemination of information on emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) by identifying the specific features of mpox (monkeypox)-related short video content that encourages public sharing. DesignThis was an exploratory analysis of the dissemination of information on short video platform. Main outcome measuresFocusing on Douyin (TikTok in mainland China), this study collected data from the top 500 most popular short videos using ‘monkeypox’ as the keyword from 1 May 2022 to 31 October 2022. Under the guidance of the health belief model, the videos were coded using two sets of conditional variables: information type variables and information content variables. The information type variables distinguish between fact-checking information and disinformation. Regarding information content variables, this study integrated the features of audiovisual media with the needs of the Chinese public, introducing efficacy information. The study then used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to analyse the correlation and consistency between the video contents and the level of public sharing, which was the outcome variable. Subsequently, a Poisson regression model was estimated to verify their significance on video-sharing volume. ResultsThe results showed that there were three configurations of short video content related to mpox which could trigger a high level of sharing among the general public. It was found that the number of fact-checked cases in the most widely disseminated short videos of mpox was 21.8:1 compared with the number of disinformation cases. Therefore, it can be concluded that fact-checked information was more likely to spread than disinformation in the case of an outbreak of EIDs on China’s short video platforms. Based on the analysis of the three configurations, we also found that they separately formed three paths of the short video communication model, and each path had a more significant variable playing a central role. We named each pathway after the core variable: authoritative source path, personal efficacy path and disinformation path. ConclusionsThis study developed a model for information dissemination of EIDs and found that fact-checked content was more likely to spread on Chinese short video platforms instead of disinformation. It also explored public demand for guidance on EIDs precautions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNormandin, L., Vialaron, C., Guemghar, I., Sales, J., Fleury, D., Malas, K., Wong, C., Brunet, F., Pomey, M.-P.
BMJ Open, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate, in a real-life context, the support and communicate with families (SCF) team’s contribution to maintaining communication and supporting relatives when patients are at the end of their lives by mobilising the points of view of SCF team members, healthcare professionals, managers and the relatives themselves. DesignAn in-depth mixed-method case study (quantitative and qualitative). Individual interviews were conducted with members of the SCF team to assess the activities and areas for improvement and with co-managers of active COVID-19 units. Healthcare professionals and managers completed a questionnaire to assess the contribution made by the SCF team. Hospitalised patients’ relatives completed a questionnaire on their experience with the SCF team. SettingThe study was conducted in a university teaching hospital in the province of Québec, Canada. ParticipantsMembers of the SCF team, healthcare professionals, managers and relatives of hospitalised patients. ResultsBetween April and July 2020, 131 telephone communications with families and healthcare professionals, 43 support sessions for relatives of end-of-life patients and 35 therapeutic humanitarian visits were carried out by members of the SCF team. Team members felt that they had played an active role in humanising care. Fully 83.1% of the healthcare professionals and managers reported that the SCF team’s work had met the relatives’ needs, while 15.1% believed that the SCF team should be maintained after the pandemic. Fully 95% of the relatives appreciated receiving the telephone calls and visits, while 82% felt that the visits had positive effects on hospitalised patients. ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic forced the introduction of a social innovation involving support for and communication with families. The intention of this innovation was to support the complexity of highly emotional situations experienced by families during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShi, Y., Stanmore, E., McGarrigle, L., Todd, C.
BMJ Open, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
IntroductionSarcopenia is characterised by the progressive weakening of muscle function that occurs with age. This condition frequently leads to frailty, disability and even death. Research on sarcopenia prevention is growing. Digital health exercise interventions are increasingly gaining attention in this field, with the rapid advancement of the internet and the influence of the COVID-19. However, there is a lack of empirical support for their effectiveness. Our study aims to assess the effect of digital health exercise intervention on sarcopenia in older persons, specifically focusing on its ability to improve muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance. Methods and analysisSearching will be performed in the following 11 databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, WOS, Scopus, CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP) for published trials and 2 trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) for unpublished trials. Google Scholar will be used to find grey literature. The criterion of inclusion will be clinical trials involving digital health exercise interventions in older adults (≥60 years) diagnosed with sarcopenia (possible, confirmed or severe sarcopenia). For data synthesis, we will use a summary table to show the major characteristics of selected trials and a summary graph to demonstrate the risk of bias for each outcome using RoB 2, which will be further discussed in a narrative synthesis. The possibility of meta-analysis for quantitative data will be assessed according to the homogeneity analysis of the trials, using the methods of fixed or random effects model. If meta-analysis is possible, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis will be performed as well. Publication bias will be assessed through the use of the funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test when an adequate number of trials are available. Finally, the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to classify the certainty of evidence body into four categories (high, moderate, low and very low). Ethics and disseminationThe findings of the systematic review will be shared through publishing in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at appropriate conferences. Since we will not be using specific patient data, ethical approval is unnecessary. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024516930.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRubin, G. J., Smith, L. E., Amlot, R., Fear, N. T., Potts, H. W., Michie, S.
BMJ Open, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
ObjectivesTo investigate worry about COVID-19 during the pandemic, and whether worry was associated with phase of the pandemic, COVID-19 death and incidence rates, Government interventions (including lockdown and advertising), age, being clinically at-risk, ethnicity, thinking that the Government had put the right measures in place, perceived risk of COVID-19 to self and the UK, and perceived severity of COVID-19. DesignSecondary analysis of a series of cross-sectional surveys. Setting73 online surveys conducted for the English Department of Health and Social Care between 28 January 2020 and 13 April 2022. ParticipantsParticipants were people aged 16 years and over living in the UK (approximately 2000 per wave). Primary outcome measuresOur primary outcome was self-reported worry about COVID-19. ResultsRates of being ‘extremely’ or ‘very’ worried changed over time. Worry increased as infection rates increased and fell during lockdowns, but the association became less obvious over time. Respondents aged 60 years and over were less likely to be worried after the launch of the vaccination campaign, while those who were clinically at-risk or from a minoritised ethnic community were more likely to be worried. Higher worry was associated with higher perceived risk, and higher perceived severity of COVID-19. There was no evidence for an association with agreeing that the Government was putting the right measures in place to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The launch of graphic Government advertising campaigns about COVID-19 had no noticeable effect on levels of public worry. ConclusionsIn future infectious disease outbreaks, spikes in worry may attenuate over time, although some sections of society may experience higher anxiety than others.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Objectives COVID-19 viral pneumonia can result in increased arterial stiffness, along with cardiac and systemic inflammatory responses. This study aimed to investigate the association between arterial stiffness, inflammation severity, and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods In this study, anthropometric data, pneumonia infection severity, and blood tests were analyzed. Arterial stiffness was assessed using the non-invasive assessment indices, including arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) and central arterial pulse pressure (CAPP). Infection volumes and percentages for the whole lungs, most lobes, and most segments were extracted from CT images using artificial intelligence-based quantitative analysis software. The relationship between arterial stiffness, central hemodynamics, and all-cause mortality was investigated. Results In multivariable Cox regression analysis, high CAPP was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 0.263, 95% CI, 0.073–0.945, p = 0.041). Whole lung infection percentages were independently associated with high CAPP, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.662 and a specificity of 89.09%. Conclusions High CAPP, but not high AVI, demonstrated independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients due to COVID-19 pneumonia infection. Evaluating this parameter could help in risk assessment and improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in viral pneumonia infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Background Pneumococcal meningitis, a vaccine-preventable disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is the leading bacterial meningitis in under five children. In April 2014, Uganda introduced routine immunization with 10-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV10) for infants. The target coverage for herd immunity is ≥ 90% with three doses (PCV10-dose 3). We assessed the effect of PCV10 introduction and coverage on the trends of pneumococcal meningitis in under five children. Methods We analyzed laboratory-confirmed pediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) data at two high-volume WHO-accredited sentinel surveillance hospitals in Kampala City and Gulu District, from 2003 to 2022. We used confirmed cases to estimate the minimum incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in the host districts and calculated annual incidence of pneumococcal meningitis per one million populations, and the proportion of confirmed PBM attributable to Spn. We divided the study period into 2003–2013 (pre-PCV10) and 2014–2022 (post-PCV10), and conducted interrupted time series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average models for the effect of PCV10 on trends of pneumococcal meningitis and PBM attributable to Spn. We analyzed reported PCV10 data in DHIS2 from 2014 to 2022 for annual PCV10-dose 3 coverage. Results Among the 534 confirmed PBM cases, 331(62%) were pneumococcal meningitis; 227(69%) from Gulu District and 104(31%) from Kampala City. The majority (95%) of the isolates were not serotyped. The majority (57%) were male and unimmunized (98%); median age = 14(IQR = 6–27) months with most (55%) aged ≥ 12 months. The case-fatality rate was 9%. During Pre-PCV10 period, the overall incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in the host districts increased; slope change = 1.0 (95%CI = 0.99999, 1.00001) but declined in post-PCV10 period (2014–2022) by 92% from 86 cases /1,000,000 in 2014 to 7/1,000,000 in 2022, slope change= -1.00006 (95%CI=-1.00033, -0.99979). Whereas there was an immediate decline in the proportion of confirmed PBM attributable to Spn in the host districts, level change=-1.84611(95%CI=-1.98365,-1.70856), an upward trend was recorded from 2016 to 2022, slope change = 1.0 (95%CI = 0.99997, 1.00003). During 2015–2022, PCV10-dose 3 coverage was largely > 90% for Gulu District and 52–72% for Kampala City. Conclusion The PCV10 routine immunization program reduced the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in Kampala City and Gulu District. There was no effect on the confirmed PBM proportionately attributable to Spn. Kampala City persistently recorded PCV10-dose3 coverage
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Malaria is a potentially fatal infective illness caused due to parasites that belong to the Plasmodium genus, which are transferred to humans with the help of the stings of affected female Anopheles mosquitoes, and it persists as a serious public wellness problem worldwide. Cordia myxa is a medicinal plant that possesses various medicinal characteristics like antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities, which makes it an important natural resource for the therapy of different maladies in traditional medicine. In this investigation, a certain network pharmacology method has been utilized to identify the potent active components, possible targets as well as signaling pathways present in C. myxa in relation to malaria therapy. The active compounds were submitted to molecular docking approaches to validate their successful activity against the potential targets. The study concluded that three constituents named cosmosiin, stigmastanol, robinetin, and quercetin were highly active and could regulate the expression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (CASP3), which may act as a potential therapeutic target for malaria treatment. These analyses are validated by molecular dynamics simulation which reflects on the overall structural stability of the intermolecular conformation and interactions. These results can also be witnessed in simulation-based trajectories binding free energies, which concluded the significant role of electrostatic and van der Waals energies in total intermolecular interactions. Finally, we utilized machine learning to predict the anti-malarial activity of C. myxa compounds, comparing them with approved drugs. Using the Chemprop model and MAIP predictions, we assessed ten compounds, revealing their potential as lead anti-malarial agents. This study establishes a groundwork for comprehending the function of the anti-malaria action of C. myxa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Objectives Tracheobronchial Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infections among HIV-infected patients are rare. To improve understanding, we analyzed the clinical features, immune mechanisms, treatment, and prognosis of these patients. Methods We collected clinical information from HIV-positive patients with talaromycosis admitted to the Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning from January 2015 to June 2022. Patients who presented with culture and/or histopathological proof of tracheobronchial T. marneffei infection were included. Results A total of 108 patients with respiratory infections who underwent bronchoscopy were enrolled. Seven patients with tracheobronchial T. marneffei infection, all of whom were men with a median age of 48 years (range 39–50 years), were analyzed. Cough, sputum, fever, and weight loss were the most common symptoms. The total white blood cell count was normal or decreased, and all lymphocyte counts were decreased. All patients had reduced CD4+ T-cell counts, with values less than 50 cells/µL. The chest CT imaging signs included patchy signals or large areas of exudation, bronchial stenosis and occlusion. This was different from the lack of bronchial involvement. Endoscopically, the trachea and bronchial mucosa showed congestion, edema, surface attachment, nodules, lumen stenosis, obstruction, etc. T. marneffei spores were found via bronchial mucosal pathology in all 7 patients. Five patients were initially treated with intravenous infusion of amphotericin B for 2 weeks, followed by oral itraconazole capsules (200 mg) twice daily, and two patients were initially treated with itraconazole. Six patients were remission, and 1 died. Conclusions The clinical features of trachea invasion and nontracheal invasion are not unique, but chest CT reveals manifestations such as masses, solid shadows, and bronchial stenosis/obstruction. Bronchoscopy should be performed if possible, and the presence or absence of trachea T. marneffei infection should be confirmed. Antiviral therapy combined with antifungal therapy can improve patient prognosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is an extremely infectious, viral, and chronic skin disease that is caused by the Capripox virus. This viral disease is predominantly found in cows. Mosquitoes and ticks are the primary transmitters for the spread of this virus. Recently, LSDV has been rapidly spreading all over the world, especially in several areas of Pakistan, India, and Iran. Thousands of cows have died due to this infectious virus in Pakistan and early detection of LSDV is needed to avoid further loss. The prediction and classification of LSDV are hindered by the lack of publicly available datasets. Despite a few studies using LSDV datasets, such datasets are often small, which may lead to model overfitting. In this regard, we collect the dataset from several online sources, as well as, collecting images from veterinary farms in different areas of Pakistan. Deep learning has been widely used in the medical field for disease detection and classification. Therefore, this study leverages DenseNet deep learning models for LSDV detection and classification. Experiments are performed using VGG-16, ResNet-50, MobileNet-V2, custom-designed convolutional neural network, and Inception-V3. The DenseNet architecture presents a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Spatial Attention (SA) for the prediction and classification of LSD. Results demonstrate that a 99.11% accuracy can be obtained on the augmented dataset while a 94.23% accuracy can be achieved with the original dataset for chicken pox, monkey pox, and LSDV. Comparison with state-of-the-art studies corroborates the superior performance of the proposed model.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract During the 2022 mpox outbreak, our study conducted 30 interviews with a recruited sample of Chicago gay men (age 18+) during June-September to investigate their experiences of mpox, HIV/AIDS, and COVID-19. Participants were interviewed with a semi-structured guide about gay sexual identity and social experiences; HIV/AIDS, ART, and PrEP; and COVID-19 behaviors and vaccination. All 30 interview respondents had been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 and expressed minimal COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. All the men living with HIV in our study were on ART with HIV well controlled. A majority of HIV- participants (70%) were on PrEP, with participants universally aware of PrEP benefits. Additionally, most participants had already received at least one shot of the Jynneos mpox vaccine, with many interviewees enduring long lines, sometimes at multiple locations, before vaccination in primarily gay social spaces. These Chicago gay men demonstrated widespread enthusiasm for mpox vaccination as a disease prevention strategy and most of them had already been vaccinated despite significant barriers. The enthusiasm of the participants in our study emerged within a medical landscape shaped by both COVID-19 vaccination and HIV/AIDS-related health interventions including ART and PrEP, which may have helped instill increased medical trust among this population. Our study suggests that out urban gay men may comprise a distinctive minority population with increased medical trust due to specific social, sexual, and historical experiences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), and Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) are leading causes of childhood bacterial meningitis and preventable by vaccines. The aim of this hospital-based sentinel surveillance is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pneumococcal meningitis, including disease burden, and to provide baseline data on pneumococcal serotype distribution to support decision making for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in Vietnam. Methods Surveillance for probable bacterial meningitis in children 1–59 months of age is conducted in three tertiary level pediatric hospitals: one in Hanoi and two in Ho Chi Minh City. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected via lumbar puncture from children with suspected meningitis. Specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory department of the respective hospital for cytology, biochemistry, and microbiology testing, including culture. PCR testing was conducted on CSF specimens for bacterial detection (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis) and pneumococcal serotyping. Results During 2015–2018, a total of 1,803 children with probable bacterial meningitis were detected; 1,780 had CSF specimens available for testing. Of 245 laboratory-confirmed positive cases, the majority were caused by S. pneumoniae (229,93.5%). Of those with S. pneumoniae detected, over 70% were caused by serotypes included in currently available PCV products; serotypes 6 A/6B (27.1%), 14 (19.7%), and 23 F (16.2%) were the most common serotypes. Children with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis were more likely to live in Hanoi (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Background Patient loss-to-follow-up (LTFU) in HIV care is a major challenge, especially in low-resource settings. Although the literature has focused on the total rate at which patients disengage from care, it has not sufficiently examined the specific risk periods during which patients are most likely to disengage from care. By addressing this gap, researchers and healthcare providers can develop more targeted interventions to improve patient engagement in HIV care. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on newly enrolled adult HIV patients at seven randomly selected high-volume health facilities in Ethiopia from May 2022 to April 2024. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, with a focus on the incidence rate of LTFU during the critical risk periods. Cumulative hazard analysis was used to compare event distributions, whereas a Poisson regression model was used to identify factors predicting LTFU, with statistical significance set at p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Background Pregnancy can be a risk factor for the development of more severe COVID-19 with a possible increase in the risk of complications during pregnancy/birth and adverse neonatal outcomes. This study aimed to describe and analyze the clinical and epidemiological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in women in the perinatal period attended in the city of Belém, northern region of Brazil. Methods This is a clinical, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted at the Santa Casa de Misericórdia do Pará Foundation (FSCMPA). It included 230 pregnant women hospitalized at FSCMPA with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR molecular test between April 2020 and June 2022. Clinical and epidemiological information (origin, gestational age, prenatal care, comorbidities, birth complications, and chest tomography) were obtained from medical records, and correlation was made between the types of cases (mild, moderate, and severe) and maternal outcome. The chi-square test and G test were used to assess the possibility of association between variables. Results Evidence of association was observed between the severity of COVID-19 and the following parameters: gestational age, specific pregnancy comorbidities, baby and maternal death, birth complications, and prematurity. Dyspnea, headache, anosmia, odynophagia, diarrhea, and chest pain were the symptoms most related to disease aggravation. The maternal mortality rate in the study was 8.7%. Conclusion Specific pregnancy-related and pre-existing comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection directly contribute to the worsening clinical condition, leading to complications such as prematurity, fetal, and maternal death.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Background Candidemia is a widespread threat that can lead to significant complications in healthcare settings. Objectives Our study aimed to identify isolates of Candida isolated from blood culture bottles of patients with candidemia and assess their antifungal susceptibility profiles. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study at Cairo University tertiary care hospitals over 16 months including 90 patients. Candida isolates were collected from blood culture bottles, and identified using MALDI-TOF MS technology of VITEK MS PRIME (bioMérieux) with the corresponding database VITEK IVD Database 3.2. followed by antifungal susceptibility testing using VITEK 2 Compact system. Results Candida albicans was the most common species isolated from both pediatric and adult patients with percentages of 47.3% and 36.4% respectively, followed by Candida parapsilosis with percentages of 32.6% and 25.0% respectively. Voriconazole showed the highest antifungal activity at 90.9% of isolates in adults and 95.7% in pediatrics, followed by caspofungin and micafungin. The mean hospital stays for adults ranged from 8 to 30 days and from 10 to 42 days in the pediatric group. Conclusions C. albicans remains the predominant species isolated from both pediatric and adult candidemia patients, despite a notable increase in other species. C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis are considered the most common non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. The rise in Candida species other than albicans highlights the urgent need for effective antifungal stewardship programs. Voriconazole exhibited the higher antifungal activity followed by caspofungin and micafungin.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Background Trichomoniasis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis is the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted disease in women and has frequently damaged public health. To better use the animal model and take a step forward fully elucidating this pathogen, intraperitoneal infection of T. vaginalis in mice, one of the most common mouse models, was highly concerned. Methods By adjusting the number of parasites inoculated, acute and chronic infection models were established. Pathological changes and the presence of T. vaginalis in organs were observed at different timepoints post inoculation using histological and TV-α-actinin-based immunological detection. Results The results reconfirmed the correlation between inoculum size of parasites and infection duration, as well as the multiplication capacity of T. vaginalis in mouse enterocoelia or invaded organs. The progression and pathologic features of vital organs (e.g., liver and spleen) from mice intraperitoneally infected with T. vaginalis in both the acute and chronic groups were also revealed. In particular, a reliable immunological method based on TV-α-actinin was first verified to clearly present the invasion of T. vaginalis into infected mouse organs. Conclusions In brief, this study presented a clearer and more detailed pathologic characteristic of the intraperitoneal infection model, which probably provides more basic information for the use of this model in future studies. Especially, expanding on specific research applications of this model would be valuable.
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