Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Søgeord (herpes) valgt.
35 emner vises.
Xiaoping Huang, Xueliang Huang, Yushao Li, Lixia Li, Jiaman Liao, Hao Huang, Ying Zhao, Yiqiang Zhan
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Gayathri Gopakumar, Andrés Diaz-Méndez, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Joanne M. Devlin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.10.2024
Tilføjet 12.10.2024
by Gayathri Gopakumar, Andrés Diaz-Méndez, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Joanne M. Devlin Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) remains a significant concern for the poultry industry worldwide due to its impact on animal welfare and its substantial economic consequences. The disease is caused by the alphaherpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). This study investigated in vitro host-virus interactions of a glycoprotein G (gG) deletion mutant vaccine strain of ILTV (ΔgG ILTV), and its parent wild-type strain (CSW-1 ILTV). Inoculations were performed separately for the two strains of ILTV using both a primary (chicken embryonic kidney, CEK) and a continuous culture (leghorn male hepatoma, LMH) of chicken cells. Transcriptome analysis was performed at 12 hours post infection. Each cell-type displayed distinct effects on host and viral gene transcription, with a greater number of viral and host genes differentially transcribed in CEK cells and LMH cells, respectively. Both cell-types infected with either strain demonstrated enrichment of pathways related to signalling, and gene ontologies (GO) associated with chemotaxis. Infection with either strain upregulated both SOCS proteins and certain proto-oncogenes, which may contribute to prolonged viral persistence by promoting immunosuppression and preventing apoptosis, respectively. Patterns of gene transcription related to cytokines, chemokines, endosomal TLRs, and interferon responses, as well as pathways associated with histone acetylation, transport, and extracellular matrix organization were similar within each cell type, regardless of the viral strain. In CEK cells, GO terms and pathways were downregulated uniquely after CSW-1 ILTV infection, indicating a viral-strain specific effect in this cell-type. Overall, this study highlights that the observed differences in host and ILTV gene transcription in vitro were more strongly influenced by the cell-types used rather than the presence or absence of gG. This underscores the importance of cell-line selection in studying host-virus interactions and interpreting experimental results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJana Zeitvogel, Katinka Döhner, Ilona Klug, Franziska Rademacher, Regine Gläser, Beate Sodeik, Jürgen Harder, Thomas Werfel
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.10.2024
Tilføjet 4.10.2024
Tal Golan Lagziel, Menucha Jurkowicz, Oren Gordon, Merav Mor, Orli Megged, Elias Nasrallah, Ron Jacob, Rimma Melamed, Shani Levin Blustein, Diana Tasher, Alex Guri, Asaf Regev, Ilan Linder, Tal Brosh‐Nissimov, Ellen Bamberger, Ronni Gur Lavy, Shelly Lipman‐Arens, Shereen Shehadeh, Hanna Farah, Michal Stein
Journal of Medical Virology, 24.09.2024
Tilføjet 24.09.2024
Li, Y., Su, B., Wang, X., Chu, H., Bing, D.
BMJ Open, 21.09.2024
Tilføjet 21.09.2024
ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between herpes simplex virus (HSV) and hearing loss using comprehensive population-based research. DesignThis cross-sectional study utilised data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between HSV (types 1 and 2) and hearing loss. The final sample comprised 4608 participants aged 20–49 years. Weighted multivariate regression, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed for statistical evaluations. SettingUtilising the NHANES data, this cross-sectional study provides insights into the American population aged 20–49 years. ParticipantsThe study includes 4608 participants from the NHANES 2011–2012 and 2015–2016 cycles, focusing on those with complete data on HSV infection and hearing assessment. Interventions (exposure)The study analyses the association between HSV (types 1 and 2) infection and hearing loss, using weighted multivariate regression for statistical evaluations. ResultsWe observed an association between HSV-1 infection and an increased likelihood of hearing impairment (OR, 1.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.9)). A similar association was noted for those coinfected with HSV-1 and HSV-2 (OR, 1.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.3)). Similarly, higher grades of hearing loss and elevated pure-tone averages were more prevalent in these groups. Notably, the association between HSV-1 and hearing impairment was more pronounced in individuals aged 20–34 (OR, 2.1 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.3); P for interaction=0.020) and those with a body mass index (BMI) below 30 (OR, 1.8 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.8); P for interaction=0.028). ConclusionsOur findings suggest an association between HSV-1 infection or coinfections with HSV-1 and HSV-2 and the presence of hearing impairment. The association appears particularly pronounced among younger individuals and those with a lower BMI. Further prospective research is needed to explore the causal impact of HSV on auditory function.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndréaz Dupoué, Hugo Koechlin, Matthias Huber, Pauline Merrien, Jacqueline Le Grand, Charlotte Corporeau, Elodie Fleury, Benoît Bernay, Pierre de Villemereuil, Benjamin Morga, Jérémy Le Luyer
Science Advances, 12.09.2024
Tilføjet 12.09.2024
Dantuluri, Keerti L.; Ahmed, Amina
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 11.09.2024
Tilføjet 11.09.2024
Purpose of review The American Academy of Pediatrics recently published guidance for the evaluation and management of febrile infants. However, guidance on testing and empiric treatment for neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) remains less standardized and subject to clinical practice variation. Recent findings Recent reports reveal that high numbers of infants presenting for sepsis evaluations need to be treated empirically with acyclovir to capture one case of neonatal HSV. Clinical and laboratory risk factors for neonatal HSV identified in the literature can be used for a targeted approach to testing and treating infants for HSV to optimize resource utilization. Summary The literature supports a targeted approach to evaluation and empiric acyclovir treatment for neonatal HSV, but additional studies are needed to validate this approach given the rarity of disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 11.09.2024
Tilføjet 11.09.2024
This JAMA Insights examines the history, diagnosis, prevention, and stigma of genital herpes infection in the US and explores treatments such as suppressive therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlejandro Claudio-Oliva, and Antonio Jose Duran-RomeroHospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain alejandroclaudiooliva97@gmail.com
New England Journal of Medicine, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Jana Zeitvogel, Katinka Döhner, Ilona Klug, Timmy Richardo, Beate Sodeik, Thomas Werfel
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
Abstract Background Universal antiretroviral treatment (ART) for pregnant women has reduced mother-to-child transmission risk significantly. However, not all women on ART are virally suppressed during pregnancy and lactation. In addition to poor adherence to ART, co-infections particularly other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are known to increase the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission. While the prevalence of STIs during pregnancy has been well studied, the prevalence of STIs in the postpartum period and its association with HIV viral suppression are underreported. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of STIs among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV (WNLHIV) at their 6–14 week postnatal clinic visit in a high HIV prevalence district in South Africa. All women were examined for STI-related symptoms and had vaginal swabs collected and stored for later STI testing. Vaginal swabs were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis), Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoea) and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) using PCR. All women were tested for bacterial vaginosis (BV) using the Nugent scoring criteria. WLHIV had a blood sample collected for HIV viral load, Hepatitis B and syphilis. Results Included in this analysis were 82 WLHIV and 102 WNLHIV. Between 6 and 14 weeks postpartum, 40 (21.7%) AGYW tested positive for any STI and among these 15 (37.5%) were symptomatic and received empirical treatment. C. trachomatis was most commonly detected (10.9%), followed by HSV-2 (7.7%), T. vaginalis (3.8%) and N. gonorrhoea (1.6%). WLHIV were more likely to test positive for an STI (OR 2.0; 0.96–3.96) and BV (OR 4.2; 95%CI 2.1–8.1) compared to WNLHIV. Among WLHIV on ART, 70.5% had an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL) and 20.5% had a PVL > 1000 copies/ml. Testing positive for any STI or BV at the postpartum visit was not associated with PVL > 1000 copies/ml (OR 1.33; 95%CI 0.38–4.64). Conclusion We report a high prevalence of largely asymptomatic STIs and BV in the early postpartum period and STIs in WLHIV were not associated with unsuppressed PVL.The high STI positivity rate among WNLHIV has implications for HIV risk during the postpartum period, and subsequently breastfeeding transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShayan Majidifar, Arash Zabihian, Mohsen Hooshmand
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
by Shayan Majidifar, Arash Zabihian, Mohsen Hooshmand Combining different drugs synergistically is an essential aspect of developing effective treatments. Although there is a plethora of research on computational prediction for new combination therapies, there is limited to no research on combination therapies in the treatment of viral diseases. This paper proposes AI-based models for predicting novel antiviral combinations to treat virus diseases synergistically. To do this, we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising information on viral strains, drug compounds, and their known interactions. As far as we know, this is the first dataset and learning model on combination therapy for viruses. Our proposal includes using a random forest model, an SVM model, and a deep model to train viral combination therapy. The machine learning models showed the highest performance, and the predicted values were validated by a t-test, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed methods. One of the predicted combinations of acyclovir and ribavirin has been experimentally confirmed to have a synergistic antiviral effect against herpes simplex type-1 virus, as described in the literature.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 3.09.2024
Tilføjet 3.09.2024
Abstract Background Universal antiretroviral treatment (ART) for pregnant women has reduced mother-to-child transmission risk significantly. However, not all women on ART are virally suppressed during pregnancy and lactation. In addition to poor adherence to ART, co-infections particularly other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are known to increase the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission. While the prevalence of STIs during pregnancy has been well studied, the prevalence of STIs in the postpartum period and its association with HIV viral suppression are underreported. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of STIs among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV (WNLHIV) at their 6–14 week postnatal clinic visit in a high HIV prevalence district in South Africa. All women were examined for STI-related symptoms and had vaginal swabs collected and stored for later STI testing. Vaginal swabs were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis), Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoea) and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) using PCR. All women were tested for bacterial vaginosis (BV) using the Nugent scoring criteria. WLHIV had a blood sample collected for HIV viral load, Hepatitis B and syphilis. Results Included in this analysis were 82 WLHIV and 102 WNLHIV. Between 6 and 14 weeks postpartum, 40 (21.7%) AGYW tested positive for any STI and among these 15 (37.5%) were symptomatic and received empirical treatment. C. trachomatis was most commonly detected (10.9%), followed by HSV-2 (7.7%), T. vaginalis (3.8%) and N. gonorrhoea (1.6%). WLHIV were more likely to test positive for an STI (OR 2.0; 0.96–3.96) and BV (OR 4.2; 95%CI 2.1–8.1) compared to WNLHIV. Among WLHIV on ART, 70.5% had an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL) and 20.5% had a PVL > 1000 copies/ml. Testing positive for any STI or BV at the postpartum visit was not associated with PVL > 1000 copies/ml (OR 1.33; 95%CI 0.38–4.64). Conclusion We report a high prevalence of largely asymptomatic STIs and BV in the early postpartum period and STIs in WLHIV were not associated with unsuppressed PVL.The high STI positivity rate among WNLHIV has implications for HIV risk during the postpartum period, and subsequently breastfeeding transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYe Ji Kim, Doyeop Oh, Jaehoon Kim, Jeongtae Son, Jae Yun Moon, Ye Kyung Kim, Bin Ahn, Kyu Ri Kang, Daechan Park, Hyun Mi Kang
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27.08.2024
Tilføjet 27.08.2024
This study aimed to identify the specific vaccine strain associated with herpes zoster in children following a series of diagnosed cases and to explore whether differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various vaccine strains are linked to an increased incidence of herpes zoster after vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJing Liu, Cihan Wang, Xin Li, Jingjing Guan, Xiaowei Song, Yinghao Song, Cunjin Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
Michael Maes, Abbas F. Almulla, Xiaoou Tang, Kristina Stoyanova, Aristo Vojdani
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.08.2024
Tilføjet 21.08.2024
Islas-Muñoz, Beda; Chávez-Galán, Leslie; Ramón-Luing, Lucero; Flores-González, Julio; Ocaña-Guzmán, Ranferi; Cornejo-Juárez, Patricia; González-Rodríguez, Andrea; Patricia, Volkow
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.08.2024
Tilføjet 16.08.2024
Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and is mediated by cytokines in an immunodeficient environment. This study aimed to compare IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels among AIDS patients with disseminated KS (DKS), treatment naïve patients living with HIV (PLWHIV) without DKS, and healthy controls. Secondary outcomes were to compare cytokines levels in patients with DKS and unfavorable outcomes, as well as an analysis of the behavior of cytokines over time. Methods: This cohort study was performed at two centers in Mexico City. Three groups were included. Group 1: HIV+ treatment naïve with DKS, Group 2: HIV+ treatment naïve without KS, and Group 3: HIV negative, healthy controls. Plasmatic IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels were measured at baseline and over time in Groups 1 and 2. Results: Seventy-six patients were included: 39 (52%) in Group 1, 17 (22%) in Group 2, and 20 (26%) in Group 3. The median baseline IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels were significantly higher in group 1. In group 1, baseline IL-6 was higher in patients who died than in survivors (14.4 vs 5.8 pg/mL p=0.048). Patients with severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to KS (S-IRIS-KS) had higher IL-6 values than those without it (14.4 vs 5.8 pg/mL p=0.004). In the repeated-measures model in group 1, IL-10 levels were higher in patients who died (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChengbei Bao, and Chao JiFirst Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China jichaofy@fjmu.edu.cn
New England Journal of Medicine, 12.08.2024
Tilføjet 12.08.2024
Mao Asakura, Yasuaki Mizutani, Sayuri Shima, Yoshiki Kawamura, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito, Tatsuro Mutoh, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Hirohisa Watanabe
Journal of Medical Virology, 10.08.2024
Tilføjet 10.08.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMeijiao GongFrançoise MysterAbdulkader AzouzGuillem Sanchez SanchezShifang LiBenoit CharloteauxBin YangJenna NicholsLucas LefevreJustine JavauxSylvain LeemansOlivier NivellesWillem van CampeStefan RoelsLaurent MostinThierry van den BergAndrew J. DavisonLaurent GilletTimothy ConnelleyDavid VermijlenStanislas GorielyAlain VanderplasschenBenjamin G. DewalsaDepartment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine—Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège 4000, BelgiumbInstitute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumcCenter for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumdDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, BelgiumeWalloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Wavre 1300, BelgiumfGroupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), GIGA-Genomics core facility, University of Liège, Liège 4000, BelgiumgMedical Research Council (MRC)-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, United KingdomhThe Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United KingdomiSciensano, Scientific Directorate Infectious Diseases in Animals, Experimental Center Machelen, Machelen 1830, Belgium
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 32, August 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJingzhan Zhang, Peng Wang, Tingting Li, Weidong Liu, Tian Shi, Man Wang, Wenjie Kong, Xiaoling Huang, Kuerbanjiang Aihemaijiang, Yuan Ding, Feng Gao, Xiaojing Kang
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 5.08.2024
Tilføjet 5.08.2024
Dalila G. Suterio, James R. Hunter, Simone B. Tenore, Sidnei R. Pimentel, Juliana Galinskas, Danilo A. Dias, Débora C. Bellini, Paulo A. Ferreira, Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.08.2024
Tilføjet 3.08.2024
Infection, 31.07.2024
Tilføjet 31.07.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
Abstract Background The causative agents of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome remain unknown in 68–75% of the cases. In Nepal, the cases are tested only for Japanese encephalitis, which constitutes only about 15% of the cases. However, there could be several organisms, including vaccine-preventable etiologies that cause acute encephalitis, when identified could direct public health efforts for prevention, including addressing gaps in vaccine coverage. Objectives This study employs metagenomic next-generation-sequencing in the investigation of underlying causative etiologies contributing to acute encephalitis syndrome in Nepal. Methods In this study, we investigated 90, Japanese-encephalitis-negative, banked cerebrospinal fluid samples that were collected as part of a national surveillance network in 2016 and 2017. Randomization was done to include three age groups (15-years). Only some metadata (age and gender) were available. The investigation was performed in two batches which included total nucleic-acid extraction, followed by individual library preparation (DNA and RNA) and sequencing on Illumina iSeq100. The genomic data were interpreted using Chan Zuckerberg-ID and confirmed with polymerase-chain-reaction. Results Human-alphaherpes-virus 2 and Enterovirus-B were seen in two samples. These hits were confirmed by qPCR and semi-nested PCR respectively. Most of the other samples were marred by low abundance of pathogen, possible freeze-thaw cycles, lack of process controls and associated clinical metadata. Conclusion From this study, two documented causative agents were revealed through metagenomic next-generation-sequencing. Insufficiency of clinical metadata, process controls, low pathogen abundance and absence of standard procedures to collect and store samples in nucleic-acid protectants could have impeded the study and incorporated ambiguity while correlating the identified hits to infection. Therefore, there is need of standardized procedures for sample collection, inclusion of process controls and clinical metadata. Despite challenging conditions, this study highlights the usefulness of mNGS to investigate diseases with unknown etiologies and guide development of adequate clinical-management-algorithms and outbreak investigations in Nepal.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Abstract Background The causative agents of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome remain unknown in 68–75% of the cases. In Nepal, the cases are tested only for Japanese encephalitis, which constitutes only about 15% of the cases. However, there could be several organisms, including vaccine-preventable etiologies that cause acute encephalitis, when identified could direct public health efforts for prevention, including addressing gaps in vaccine coverage. Objectives This study employs metagenomic next-generation-sequencing in the investigation of underlying causative etiologies contributing to acute encephalitis syndrome in Nepal. Methods In this study, we investigated 90, Japanese-encephalitis-negative, banked cerebrospinal fluid samples that were collected as part of a national surveillance network in 2016 and 2017. Randomization was done to include three age groups (15-years). Only some metadata (age and gender) were available. The investigation was performed in two batches which included total nucleic-acid extraction, followed by individual library preparation (DNA and RNA) and sequencing on Illumina iSeq100. The genomic data were interpreted using Chan Zuckerberg-ID and confirmed with polymerase-chain-reaction. Results Human-alphaherpes-virus 2 and Enterovirus-B were seen in two samples. These hits were confirmed by qPCR and semi-nested PCR respectively. Most of the other samples were marred by low abundance of pathogen, possible freeze-thaw cycles, lack of process controls and associated clinical metadata. Conclusion From this study, two documented causative agents were revealed through metagenomic next-generation-sequencing. Insufficiency of clinical metadata, process controls, low pathogen abundance and absence of standard procedures to collect and store samples in nucleic-acid protectants could have impeded the study and incorporated ambiguity while correlating the identified hits to infection. Therefore, there is need of standardized procedures for sample collection, inclusion of process controls and clinical metadata. Despite challenging conditions, this study highlights the usefulness of mNGS to investigate diseases with unknown etiologies and guide development of adequate clinical-management-algorithms and outbreak investigations in Nepal.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStoner, Marie C.D.; Kelly, Nicole K.; Gomez-Olive, F. Xavier; Mall, Sumaya; Wagner, Danielle; Aiello, Allison E.; Bhushan, Nivedita; Kahn, Kathleen; Pettifor, Audrey E.
AIDS, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Objective: Biological markers of stress have been associated with HIV progression and pathogenesis but not with HIV incidence. We sought to determine if elevated stress-responsive biomarkers would be associated with incident HIV among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Design: We conducted a case-cohort study within the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 study among 949 AGYW in South Africa. Cases were AGYW who tested HIV-positive during the eight-year follow-up. Unmatched controls were randomly selected from the HIV-negative population at enrollment. Methods: Dried blood spots from cases and controls were tested from enrollment (2011-2012) for C-reactive protein (CRP), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) antibody titers, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association between each biomarker and time to incident HIV. Results: Compared to AGYW with the lowest CRP levels, those with medium and high CRP levels had a higher hazard ratio (HR) of incident HIV (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.21; HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.98,2.30, respectively), although not statistically significant. The relative hazard of incident HIV was also higher among AGYW who were CMV seropositive vs. seronegative (low antibodies HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.2,3.87; medium HR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.28,3.95; high HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.99,3.21). Those with the highest HSV-1 antibody levels experienced an increased hazard of HIV compared to those who were HSV-1 seronegative (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.03,2.44). Conclusions: Biological stress may increase AGYW\'s susceptibility to HIV acquisition through changes in immune function, viral infection, and increased biological vulnerability to disease. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYushan Shi, Jiafeng Zhang, Zhantong Wang, Feng Shan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.07.2024
Tilføjet 24.07.2024
by Yushan Shi, Jiafeng Zhang, Zhantong Wang, Feng Shan Background The current prevalence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is notably high, with individuals afflicted by HSV-2 facing recurrent outbreaks, challenges in achieving remission, and an elevated risk of HIV infection. This study aims to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and HSV-2 infection. Methods The data for this study were sourced from 7257 participants who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2016. The target population consisted of adults with reliable HSV-2 plasma results, and alcohol consumption was assessed using self-report methods. We evaluated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between alcohol consumption and HSV-2 infection. These estimations were derived from a logistic regression model that was adjusted for key confounding factors. Subgroup analysis specifically focused on alcohol consumption, and the interaction between HSV-2 infection, alcohol consumption, and other variables was assessed through stratified analysis. Results Among the 7,257 participants included, 89.8% (6,518/7,257) reported varying levels of alcohol consumption history. Compared to individuals who never drinkers, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for former drinkers, light drinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.34–2.4, p < 0.001), 1.38 (95% CI: 1.07–1.77, p = 0.012), 1.49 (95% CI: 1.15–1.94, p = 0.003), and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.14–1.9, p = 0.003), respectively. The results remained stable in subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Current research indicates that individuals with a history of alcohol consumption exhibit a higher risk of HSV-2 infection compared to those who have never drinkers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.07.2024
Tilføjet 23.07.2024
Abstract Purpose This study assessed the frequency, clinical significance, and risk factors for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods The study included adult CAP-patients who were enrolled in the CAPNETZ study between 2007 and 2017 and had a residual sputum sample available for analysis. In addition to routine diagnostics, sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV-1/2 using PCR. Demographics, comorbidities, and CRB-65 score were compared between HSV-positive and negative patients using Fisher exact or Mann Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses investigated the influence of HSV reactivation on a modified hospital recovery scale (HRS) until day 7, divided into 3 categories (no oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, ICU admission or death). Results Among 245 patients, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected in 30 patients (12.2%, 95%CI 8.7–16.9) and 0 patients, respectively. All HSV-positive patients were hospitalized, had a CRB-65 severity score of 0–2 and survived the first 28 day. In the HSV-positive group, patients had a non-significantly higher median age (70.5 versus 66 years) and a higher rate of oncological comorbidities (16.7% versus 8.8%) compared to the HSV-negative group. Distribution of co-pathogens and outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age (AOR 1.029, p = 0.012) and CRB-65 score (AOR 1.709, p = 0.048), but not HSV-1 as single or co-pathogen were independently associated with higher HRS. Conclusion Our study suggests that HSV-1 reactivation is common in CAP but might not be associated with specific risk factors or a complicated disease course.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 22.07.2024
Tilføjet 22.07.2024
Abstract Purpose This study assessed the frequency, clinical significance, and risk factors for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods The study included adult CAP-patients who were enrolled in the CAPNETZ study between 2007 and 2017 and had a residual sputum sample available for analysis. In addition to routine diagnostics, sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV-1/2 using PCR. Demographics, comorbidities, and CRB-65 score were compared between HSV-positive and negative patients using Fisher exact or Mann Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses investigated the influence of HSV reactivation on a modified hospital recovery scale (HRS) until day 7, divided into 3 categories (no oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, ICU admission or death). Results Among 245 patients, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected in 30 patients (12.2%, 95%CI 8.7–16.9) and 0 patients, respectively. All HSV-positive patients were hospitalized, had a CRB-65 severity score of 0–2 and survived the first 28 day. In the HSV-positive group, patients had a non-significantly higher median age (70.5 versus 66 years) and a higher rate of oncological comorbidities (16.7% versus 8.8%) compared to the HSV-negative group. Distribution of co-pathogens and outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age (AOR 1.029, p = 0.012) and CRB-65 score (AOR 1.709, p = 0.048), but not HSV-1 as single or co-pathogen were independently associated with higher HRS. Conclusion Our study suggests that HSV-1 reactivation is common in CAP but might not be associated with specific risk factors or a complicated disease course.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShaoli Ding, Shiqi Wen, Hongxia Kang, Haijun Zhang, Hong Guo, Yulan Li
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.07.2024
Tilføjet 18.07.2024
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common long-term complication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation and imposes a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system and society. Individuals exposed to herpes zoster (HZ) experience a 5%–30% risk of developing PHN [1]. Therefore, physicians, health policymakers, and high-risk groups should focus on preventive strategies against PHN by thoroughly investigating and understanding the risk factors [2]. However, the complete spectrum of the risk factors remains unclear [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.07.2024
Tilføjet 18.07.2024
Abstract Background The indigenous population located in the central region of Brazil, is the second largest in terms of population size in the country. The Indigenous Reserve of Dourados has risk factors that increase the vulnerability of the indigenous population to infectious diseases, especially Human alphaherpesvirus (HSV-1), a neglected disease with high prevalence in priority populations in developing countries. The virus can also cause many more severe diseases, including widespread neonatal infections, herpetic keratitis, and herpes encephalitis, which can be fatal if left untreated. We estimated the prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). Methods Our approach was cross-sectional. From March 2017 to November 2018. Using anti-HSV-1 (Gg1) IgM and anti-HSV-1 (gG1) IgG Euroimmun and the detection and quantification of HSV-1 viral load in plasma samples, through real-time PCR. The maps were constructed using QGIS and the statistical analyses using R Studio software. Results A total of 1138 individuals (> 18 years old) were enrolled. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 IgM and IgG were 20% and 97.5%, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies for IgG was higher in both sexes. Anti-HSV-1 IgM antibodies were present in 17.1%, 21.2%, 12.5%, and 22% of the participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. Real-time PCR was used for confirmatory testing; HSV-1 DNA was detected in 25.6% (54/211) of anti-HSV1 IgM-positive samples. Viral loads ranged from 5.99E + 02 to 3.36E + 13. Conclusions The seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgM and detection of HSV-1 DNA in the Indigenous population confirmed high silent prevalence. Furthermore, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the Indigenous population was higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Various socioeconomic factors, drug use, and health and sexual behaviors could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-1 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding the prevention, treatment, and control of HSV-1 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed