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BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Malaria is a potentially fatal infective illness caused due to parasites that belong to the Plasmodium genus, which are transferred to humans with the help of the stings of affected female Anopheles mosquitoes, and it persists as a serious public wellness problem worldwide. Cordia myxa is a medicinal plant that possesses various medicinal characteristics like antimicrobial, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities, which makes it an important natural resource for the therapy of different maladies in traditional medicine. In this investigation, a certain network pharmacology method has been utilized to identify the potent active components, possible targets as well as signaling pathways present in C. myxa in relation to malaria therapy. The active compounds were submitted to molecular docking approaches to validate their successful activity against the potential targets. The study concluded that three constituents named cosmosiin, stigmastanol, robinetin, and quercetin were highly active and could regulate the expression of Interleukin 6 (IL6) and Cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3 (CASP3), which may act as a potential therapeutic target for malaria treatment. These analyses are validated by molecular dynamics simulation which reflects on the overall structural stability of the intermolecular conformation and interactions. These results can also be witnessed in simulation-based trajectories binding free energies, which concluded the significant role of electrostatic and van der Waals energies in total intermolecular interactions. Finally, we utilized machine learning to predict the anti-malarial activity of C. myxa compounds, comparing them with approved drugs. Using the Chemprop model and MAIP predictions, we assessed ten compounds, revealing their potential as lead anti-malarial agents. This study establishes a groundwork for comprehending the function of the anti-malaria action of C. myxa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaul Taconet, Barnabas Zogo, Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou, Alphonsine Amanan Koffi, Roch Kounbobr Dabiré, Cedric Pennetier, Nicolas Moiroux
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
by Paul Taconet, Barnabas Zogo, Ludovic P. Ahoua Alou, Alphonsine Amanan Koffi, Roch Kounbobr Dabiré, Cedric Pennetier, Nicolas Moiroux Background Understanding how weather and landscape shape the fine-scale distribution and diversity of malaria vectors is crucial for efficient and locally tailored vector control. This study examines the meteorological and landscape determinants of (i) the spatiotemporal distribution (presence and abundance) of the major malaria vectors in the rural region of Korhogo (northern Côte d’Ivoire) and (ii) the differences in vector probability of presence, abundance, and diversity observed between that area and another rural West African region located 300 km away in Diébougou, Burkina Faso. Methods We monitored Anopheles human-biting activity in 28 villages of the Korhogo health district for 18 months (2016 to 2018), and extracted fine-scale environmental variables (meteorological and landscape) from high-resolution satellite imagery. We used a state-of-the-art statistical modeling framework to associate these data and identify environmental determinants of the presence and abundance of malaria vectors in the area. We then compared the results of this analysis with those of a similar, previously published study conducted in the Diébougou area. Results The spatiotemporal distribution of malaria vectors in the Korhogo area was highly heterogeneous and appeared to be strongly determined and constrained by meteorological conditions. Rice paddies, temporary sites filled by rainfall, rivers and riparian forests appeared to be the larval habitats of Anopheles mosquitoes. As in Diébougou, meteorological conditions (temperatures, rainfall) appeared to significantly affect all developmental stages of the mosquitoes. Additionally, ligneous savannas were associated with lower abundance of malaria vectors. Anopheles species diversity was lower in Korhogo compared to Diébougou, while biting rates were much higher. Our results suggest that these differences may be due to the more anthropized nature of the Korhogo region in comparison to Diébougou (less forested areas, more agricultural land), supporting the hypothesis of higher malaria vector densities and lower mosquito diversity in more anthropized landscapes in rural West Africa. Conclusion This study offers valuable insights into the landscape and meteorological determinants of the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria vectors in the Korhogo region and, more broadly, in rural west-Africa. The results emphasize the adverse effects of the ongoing landscape anthropization process in the sub-region, including deforestation and agricultural development, on malaria vector control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 21.10.2024
Tilføjet 21.10.2024
Abstract Background Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been a widely used malaria prevention method for decades. In South Sudan, LLINs are typically distributed by volunteers who use paper-based systems to collect distribution data. Paper-based systems are simple to use but have a higher occurrence of data inaccuracies and can hinder the timely use of data for decision-making. In 2022, a digital tool was introduced to collect data during the LLIN campaign in Northern Bahr el Ghazal (NBeG). The tool aimed to improve the accuracy of data entry and enable data to be used in real-time for decision making during the campaign. The digital tool was developed with offline functionality and interoperability with DHIS2 tracker version 2.8 in DHIS2 version 2.38. This study assessed the usability of the tool according to user perspectives. Methods A questionnaire containing open- and closed-ended questions was conducted with users of the digital tool, supervisors and other key stakeholders in five counties of NBeG. The questionnaire was administered using Malaria Consortium’s Projects Results System Android mobile application. Usability was determined through a modified and validated System Usability Scale (SUS) approach. Results A total of 93 participants responded to the usability questionnaire. The mean (± standard deviation) usability score across 10 SUS-scoring items was 60.91 (12.87), indicating a modest level of usability. The majority of users agreed the tool was useful for managing the LLIN distribution workflow, was easy to use, reduced workload, and supported stock management and real-time campaign monitoring. There was no significant difference in the usability scores across genders, roles, and counties. Respondents with experience of both paper-based and the digital tool tended to express a preference for the digital tool over paper-based systems. The majority of respondents also reported they would recommend the digital tool to colleagues. Conclusion Digital tools are perceived to improve data collection during LLIN campaigns, even in remote areas where network coverage is challenging. Additional improvements can be implemented to overcome operational challenges and improve usability of the tool. Further study is needed to assess the impact of the digital tool on data quality and real-time data use.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed