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Rachel Morreale, Steven Stenhouse, Danilo O. Carvalho, Daniel A. Hahn, Kostas Bourtzis, Aaron Lloyd, Thomas Wayne Gale, David F. Hoel
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.10.2024
Tilføjet 12.10.2024
by Rachel Morreale, Steven Stenhouse, Danilo O. Carvalho, Daniel A. Hahn, Kostas Bourtzis, Aaron Lloyd, Thomas Wayne Gale, David F. Hoel The spread of arboviruses like yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, transmitted by the invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti has led to the development of many strategies to suppress mosquito populations. Given the rapid development of resistance to common chemical larvicides and adulticides in some Ae. aegypti populations, as well as the ever-shrinking chemical options for mosquito control, there is a pressing need for new tools and deployment of those innovative tools as a component of integrative mosquito management programs. Prior to the adoption of any mosquito population intervention, be it conventional or innovative, understanding the baseline population is essential to evaluate the efficacy of the control measure. The Lee County Mosquito Control District in Florida has collected a three-year-long period of baseline entomological surveillance data collection for Ae. aegypti on Captiva and Sanibel Islands as foundational information prior to implementation of a new integrative mosquito management approach. We identified 18 mosquito species and described their population dynamics during the rainy and dry seasons. The two islands had no significant differences in species richness, diversity, dominance, or evenness overall. Yet, there were clear differences between the high rain season and low rain season in the Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou species evenness index within each site. Our data suggest that any innovative intervention should begin before mid to late April when the mosquito population is at its lowest and certainly before populations build up to their summer peak between June and September. These data also show the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti is dynamic in space and time, identifying hotspots of mosquito abundance to focus on for future interventions. Overall, our study emphasizes the importance of entomological data collection to understand the population dynamics of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, including the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedObidimma Ezezika, Tiana Stephanie Kotsaftis, Alanna Marson
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.09.2024
Tilføjet 26.09.2024
by Obidimma Ezezika, Tiana Stephanie Kotsaftis, Alanna Marson Background Upstream factors have been found to affect COVID-19 vaccination rates and coverage globally. However, there are inadequate details within the African context. This systematic review aims to close this research gap by investigating upstream factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination rates in Africa. Methods A literature search will be systematically conducted utilizing various databases including: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Eligible studies will include peer-reviewed articles published in the English language from 2020–2023, conducted in Africa, focused on upstream factors, and include one barrier or facilitator to COVID-19 vaccination rates. Two reviewers will use a two-step screening process to examine every article’s title, abstract, and full text. A third-party reviewer will resolve disagreements between both individual reviewers. This review will focus on extracting data from published studies to explain the upstream factors included and their impact on COVID-19 vaccination rates across Africa. Data and records will be managed using Covidence. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] framework will be used as the basis for reporting. To reduce bias, the researchers will use the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the studies chosen for review. Results will be compiled utilizing four tables to summarize articles and group determinants based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Discussion Upstream factors have been cited as affecting population health, vaccination programs, and COVID-19, yet a large-scale systematic review has not been conducted to investigate these factors in relation to COVID-19 vaccination disparities faced in Africa. This review aims to analyze the root causes of African vaccination disparities by focusing on upstream factors. Understanding these factors is vital to help explain why these disparities occur and for designing effective interventions for future vaccinations. The results are expected to provide insights for researchers, policymakers, health systems, and individuals by identifying how resources and efforts can be better utilized to improve vaccination uptake and access. Trial registration Systematic review registration: CRD42024501293.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 22.09.2024
Tilføjet 22.09.2024
Abstract Background Seroprevalence studies are the standard for disease surveillance, and serology determined eligibility for the first dengue vaccine. Expanding flavivirus co-circulation and vaccination complicate testing. We evaluate the accuracy of a common dengue virus serological assay, examine immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses as a contributor to decreased performance, and assess whether alternative cut points may improve assay performance.Methods Children (n = 770) aged 2–9 years in Kampong Speu, Cambodia were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study, and PanBio indirect dengue virus immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed. Plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using dengue viruses were performed on a subset to assess the accuracy of the IgG ELISA, and PRNTs with Zika, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses evaluated immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses. Receiver operating curve analysis identified an alternative cut point to improve IgG ELISA accuracy.Results The dengue IgG ELISA had a lower specificity than previously reported (58% vs 93%–100%). Of those with false-positive IgG results, 46% had detectable neutralizing antibodies against other flaviviruses including 14% against West Nile virus. A higher IgG cut point improved the test accuracy in this population.Conclusions Physicians and public health authorities should be alert for West Nile in Cambodia. Immunity to non-dengue flaviviruses can impact dengue surveillance.Clinical Trials Registration NCT03534245.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJames T. Earnest, Oscar D. Kirstein, Azael C. Mendoza, Gloria A. Barrera-Fuentes, Henry Puerta-Guardo, Manuel Parra-Cardeña, Kevin Yam-Trujillo, Matthew H. Collins, Norma Pavia-Ruz, Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera, Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera, Anuar Medina-Barreiro, Wilberth Bibiano-Marin, Audrey Lenhart, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Ira Longini, Natalie Dean, Lance A. Waller, Amy M. Crisp, Fabian Correa-Morales, Jorge Palacio-Vargas, Pilar Granja-Perez, Salha Villanueva, Hugo Delfın-Gonzalez, Hector Gomez-Dantes, Pablo Manrique-Saide, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
by James T. Earnest, Oscar D. Kirstein, Azael C. Mendoza, Gloria A. Barrera-Fuentes, Henry Puerta-Guardo, Manuel Parra-Cardeña, Kevin Yam-Trujillo, Matthew H. Collins, Norma Pavia-Ruz, Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera, Gabriela Gonzalez-Olvera, Anuar Medina-Barreiro, Wilberth Bibiano-Marin, Audrey Lenhart, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Ira Longini, Natalie Dean, Lance A. Waller, Amy M. Crisp, Fabian Correa-Morales, Jorge Palacio-Vargas, Pilar Granja-Perez, Salha Villanueva, Hugo Delfın-Gonzalez, Hector Gomez-Dantes, Pablo Manrique-Saide, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec Aedes mosquito-borne viruses (ABVs) place a substantial strain on public health resources in the Americas. Vector control of Aedes mosquitoes is an important public health strategy to decrease or prevent spread of ABVs. The ongoing Targeted Indoor Residual Spraying (TIRS) trial is an NIH-sponsored clinical trial to study the efficacy of a novel, proactive vector control technique to prevent dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infections in the endemic city of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. The primary outcome of the trial is laboratory-confirmed ABV infections in neighborhood clusters. Despite the difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, by early 2021 the TIRS trial completed enrollment of 4,792 children aged 2–15 years in 50 neighborhood clusters which were allocated to control or intervention arms via a covariate-constrained randomization algorithm. Here, we describe the makeup and ABV seroprevalence of participants and mosquito population characteristics in both arms before TIRS administration. Baseline surveys showed similar distribution of age, sex, and socio-economic factors between the arms. Serum samples from 1,399 children were tested by commercially available ELISAs for presence of anti-ABV antibodies. We found that 45.1% of children were seropositive for one or more flaviviruses and 24.0% were seropositive for CHIKV. Of the flavivirus-positive participants, most were positive for ZIKV-neutralizing antibodies by focus reduction neutralization testing which indicated a higher proportion of participants with previous ZIKV than DENV infections within the cohort. Both study arms had statistically similar seroprevalence for all viruses tested, similar socio-demographic compositions, similar levels of Ae. aegypti infestation, and similar observed mosquito susceptibility to insecticides. These findings describe a population with a high rate of previous exposure to ZIKV and lower titers of neutralizing antibodies against DENV serotypes, suggesting susceptibility to future outbreaks of flaviviruses is possible, but proactive vector control may mitigate these risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJason NidefferMaureen TyMichele DonatoRek JohnRichard KajubiXuhuai JiFelistas NankyaKenneth MusinguziKathleen Dantzler PressNora YangKylie CamanagBryan GreenhouseMoses KamyaMargaret E FeeneyGrant DorseyPaul J UtzBali PulendranPurvesh KhatriPrasanna JagannathanLi-Jun Ma
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 10.09.2024
Tilføjet 10.09.2024
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 111 Issue: 3 Pages: 622-626
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed