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Song WangRan WeiXiaomei MaJin GuoMuhammad AizazFangxu LiJun WangHongmei WangHongbin Hea Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinab Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Chinac Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Jiaxin LiuLiqun WangXinyue ZhangShaowen WangQiwei Qina Biosafety Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Chinab Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Chinac Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Chinad Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Rui DingJinhan YuWeixin KeLijun DuGuixue ChengSiqi HuYingchun XuYali Liua Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Chinab Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, Chinac Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Chinad State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chinae Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Chinaf Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, Chinag Faculty of Pediatrics, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Xin WangFeiyang PuXuanye YangXili FengJiayou ZhangKai DuanXuanxuan NianZhongren MaXiao-Xia MaXiao-Ming Yanga Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Chinab School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Chinac National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Chinad Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co, Ltd, Wuhan, Chinae China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Qin ZouYingying WuShuaiShuai ZhangShu LiSiyue LiYan SuLei ZhangQian LiHua ZouXinyuan ZhangTeng WangShuang LiangJun YangChunli Lia Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, Chinab Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, Chinac Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chinad Department of Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, Chinae Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Minjia ChenXiuqin CaoRonghui ZhengHaixia ChenRuixia HeHao ZhouZhiwei Yanga Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Chinab Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Eliane VanhoffelenLori VermoesenLauren MichielsKatrien LagrouAgustin Reséndiz-SharpeGreetje Vande Veldea Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical MRI unit/MoSAIC, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgiumb Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgiumc Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Balal SadeghiMartin H. GroschupMartin EidenInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Yong-Ye YangI-Ting TsaiChung-Hsu LaiChih-Ping ChenChia‐Chi ChenYin-Chou Hsua Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwanb School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwanc Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwand Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwane School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwanf School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwang Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Simin DengJunhui LiaoHaojie LiJiali XuJingyan FanJing XiaJing WangLei LeiMianmian ChenYue HanRuidong ZhaiChang ZhouRui ZhouChangyong ChengHouhui Songa Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Veterinary Medicine and Health Management, China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine of Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Tomomi Sawabe, Yoshihiro Ojima, Mao Nakagawa, Toru Sawada, Yuhei O. Tahara, Makoto Miyata, Masayuki Azuma
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Tomomi Sawabe, Yoshihiro Ojima, Mao Nakagawa, Toru Sawada, Yuhei O. Tahara, Makoto Miyata, Masayuki Azuma Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria and deliver microbial molecules to distant target cells in a host. OMVs secreted by probiotic probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) have been reported to induce an immune response. In this study, we aimed to increase the OMV production of EcN. The double gene knockout of mlaE and nlpI was conducted in EcN because the ΔmlaEΔnlpI of experimental strain E. coli K12 showed the highest OMV production in our previous report. The ΔmlaEΔnlpI of EcN showed approximately 8 times higher OMV production compared with the parental (wild-type) strain. Quick-freeze, deep-etch replica electron microscopy revealed that plasmolysis occurred in the elongated ΔmlaEΔnlpI cells and the peptidoglycan (PG) had numerous holes. While these phenomena are similar to the findings for the ΔmlaEΔnlpI of K12, there were more PG holes in the ΔmlaEΔnlpI of EcN than the K12 strain, which were observed not only at the tip of the long axis but also in the whole PG structure. Further analysis clarified that the viability of ΔmlaEΔnlpI of EcN decreased compared with that of the wild-type. Although the amount of PG in ΔmlaEΔnlpI cells was about half of that in wild-type, the components of amino acids in PG did not change in ΔmlaEΔnlpI. Although the viability decreased compared to the wild-type, the ΔmlaEΔnlpI grew in normal culture conditions. The hypervesiculation strain constructed here is expected to be used as an enhanced probiotic strain.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHantao Wang, Yusuf Ali, Ludo Max
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Hantao Wang, Yusuf Ali, Ludo Max Evoked potential studies have shown that speech planning modulates auditory cortical responses. The phenomenon’s functional relevance is unknown. We tested whether, during this time window of cortical auditory modulation, there is an effect on speakers’ perceptual sensitivity for vowel formant discrimination. Participants made same/different judgments for pairs of stimuli consisting of a pre-recorded, self-produced vowel and a formant-shifted version of the same production. Stimuli were presented prior to a “go” signal for speaking, prior to passive listening, and during silent reading. The formant discrimination stimulus /uh/ was tested with a congruent productions list (words with /uh/) and an incongruent productions list (words without /uh/). Logistic curves were fitted to participants’ responses, and the just-noticeable difference (JND) served as a measure of discrimination sensitivity. We found a statistically significant effect of condition (worst discrimination before speaking) without congruency effect. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons revealed that JND was significantly greater before speaking than during silent reading. Thus, formant discrimination sensitivity was reduced during speech planning regardless of the congruence between discrimination stimulus and predicted acoustic consequences of the planned speech movements. This finding may inform ongoing efforts to determine the functional relevance of the previously reported modulation of auditory processing during speech planning.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErnest Peresu, Diana De Graeve, J. Christo Heunis, N. Gladys Kigozi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Ernest Peresu, Diana De Graeve, J. Christo Heunis, N. Gladys Kigozi Background We compared the cost-consequence of a home-based multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) model of care, based on task-shifting of directly observed therapy (DOT) and MDR-TB injection administration to lay health workers, to a routine clinic-based strategy within an established national TB programme in Eswatini. Methods Data on costs and effects of the two ambulatory models of MDR-TB care was collected using documentary data and interviews in the Lubombo and Shiselweni regions of Eswatini. Health system, patient and caregiver costs were assessed in 2014 in US$ using standard methods. Cost-consequence was calculated as the cost per patient successfully treated. Results In the clinic-based and home-based models of care, respectively, a total of 96 and 106 MDR-TB patients were enrolled in 2014, with treatment success rates of 67.8% and 82.1%. Health system costs per patient treated were slightly lower in the home-based strategy (US$19 598) compared to the clinic-based model (US$20 007). The largest costs in both models were for inpatient care, administration of DOT and injectable treatment, and drugs. Costs incurred by patients and caregivers were considerably higher in the clinic-based model of care due to the higher direct travel costs to the nearest clinic to receive DOT and injections daily. In total, MDR patients in the clinic-based strategy incurred average costs of US$670 compared to US$275 for MDR-TB patients in the home-based model. MDR-TB patients in the home-based programme, where DOT and injections was provided in their homes, only incurred out-of-pocket travel expenses for monthly outpatient treatment monitoring visits averaging US$100. The cost per successfully treated patient was US$31 106 and US$24 157 in the clinic-based and home-based models of care, respectively. The analysis showed that, in addition to the health benefits, direct and indirect costs for patients and their caregivers were lower in the home-based care model. Conclusion The home‐based strategy used less resources and generated substantial health and economic benefits, particularly for patients and their caregivers, and decision makers can consider this approach as an alternative to expand and optimise MDR-TB control in resource-limited settings. Further research to understand the appropriate mix of treatment support components that are most important for optimal clinical and public health outcomes in the ambulatory home-based model of MDR-TB care is necessary.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCassandra D. Smith, Robert S. Cornman, Jennifer A. Fike, Johanna M. Kraus, Sara J. Oyler-McCance, Carrie E. Givens, Michelle L. Hladik, Mark W. Vandever, Dana W. Kolpin, Kelly L. Smalling
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Cassandra D. Smith, Robert S. Cornman, Jennifer A. Fike, Johanna M. Kraus, Sara J. Oyler-McCance, Carrie E. Givens, Michelle L. Hladik, Mark W. Vandever, Dana W. Kolpin, Kelly L. Smalling With the decline of bee populations worldwide, studies determining current wild bee distributions and diversity are increasingly important. Wild bee identification is often completed by experienced taxonomists or by genetic analysis. The current study was designed to compare two methods of identification including: (1) morphological identification by experienced taxonomists using images of field-collected wild bees and (2) genetic analysis of composite bee legs (multiple taxa) using metabarcoding. Bees were collected from conservation grasslands in eastern Iowa in summer 2019 and identified to the lowest taxonomic unit using both methods. Sanger sequencing of individual wild bee legs was used as a positive control for metabarcoding. Morphological identification of bees using images resulted in 36 unique taxa among 22 genera, and >80% of Bombus specimens were identified to species. Metabarcoding was limited to genus-level assignments among 18 genera but resolved some morphologically similar genera. Metabarcoding did not consistently detect all genera in the composite samples, including kleptoparasitic bees. Sanger sequencing showed similar presence or absence detection results as metabarcoding but provided species-level identifications for cryptic species (i.e., Lasioglossum). Genus-specific detections were more frequent with morphological identification than metabarcoding, but certain genera such as Ceratina and Halictus were identified equally well with metabarcoding and morphology. Genera with proportionately less tissue in a composite sample were less likely to be detected using metabarcoding. Image-based methods were limited by image quality and visible morphological features, while genetic methods were limited by databases, primers, and amplification at target loci. This study shows how an image-based identification method compares with genetic techniques, and how in combination, the methods provide valuable genus- and species-level information for wild bees while preserving tissue for other analyses. These methods could be improved and transferred to a field setting to advance our understanding of wild bee distributions and to expedite conservation research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarlena Waldbauer, Eldon Spackman, Herman W. Barkema, Edmond A. Pajor, Sebastian Knauss, Karin Orsel
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Marlena Waldbauer, Eldon Spackman, Herman W. Barkema, Edmond A. Pajor, Sebastian Knauss, Karin Orsel Sole ulcers, a common cause of lameness is the costliest non-infectious foot lesion in dairy cows and one of the most prevalent non-infectious foot lesions in freestall housing systems. Costs associated with sole ulcers are treatment costs, plus increased labor and decreased productivity and fertility. Routine hoof trimming is part of a strategy to manage sole ulcers. However, hoof trimming strategies differ among farms. The two most frequently applied strategies are: 1) partial herd hoof trimming with a 2-month interval between trims; and 2) whole herd hoof trimming at 6-month intervals. A Markov model was developed to investigate whether every 2 months partial herd hoof trimming or whole herd hoof trimming every 6 months was the most cost-effective strategy to avoid costs associated with sole ulcers. In this model, the net benefits for a 100-cow herd and the average productive life span of a dairy cow in intensive dairy systems of 3 years were evaluated. Partial herd hoof trimming was the most cost-effective strategy 100% of the time compared to whole herd hoof trimming, with a difference in 3-year net benefits of US$4,337 (95% CI: US$2,713—US$5,830). Based on sensitivity analyses, variables that were the sources of the biggest uncertainty in the model were herd size, the probability of being trimmed in a partial herd trim, and the prevalence of sole ulcers. To further investigate the impacts of herd size and of probability of being trimmed, various scenario analyses were conducted. With increasing herd size, the difference in net benefits in favor of partial herd hoof trimming increased even more. Scenario analyses about the probability of getting trimmed all indicated that targeted intervention increased the difference in net benefits in favor of partial herd hoof trimming. However, if the selection of cows to be trimmed in a partial herd trim was random, the whole herd hoof trimming strategy became cost-effective. Therefore, targeted selection and early intervention are necessary to decrease costs associated with sole ulcers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTemesgen Debas Awoke, Semu Mitiku Kassa, Kgomotso Suzan Morupisi, Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Temesgen Debas Awoke, Semu Mitiku Kassa, Kgomotso Suzan Morupisi, Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu Background Leishmaniasis are a group of diseases caused by more than 20 species of the protozoan that are transmitted through the bite of female sand fly. The disease is endemic to 98 countries of the world. It affects most commonly the poorest of the poor and mainly males. Several research has been conducted to propose disease control strategies. Effective medical care, vector control, environmental hygiene, and personal protection are the mainstays of the current preventative and control methods. The mathematical models for the transmission dynamics of the disease studied so far did not consider the sex-biased burden of the disease into consideration. Methodology Unlike the previous VL works, this study introduces a new deterministic sex-structured model for understanding the transmission dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis. Basic properties of the model including basic reproduction number (R 0), and conditions for the existence of backward bifurcation of the model are explored. Baseline parameter values were estimated after the model was fitted to Ethiopia’s VL data. Sensitivity analysis of the model was performed to identify the parameters that significantly impact the disease threshold. Numerical simulations were performed using baseline parameter values, and scenario analysis is performed by changing some of these parameters as appropriate. Conclusion The analysis of the model shows that there is a possibility for a backward bifurcation for R 0 < 1, which means bringing R 0 to less than unity may not be enough to eradicate the disease. Our numerical result shows that the implementation of disease-preventive strategies, as well as effectively treating the affected ones can significantly reduce the disease prevalence if applied for more proportion of the male population. Furthermore, the implementation of vector management strategies also can considerably reduce the total prevalence of the disease. However, it is demonstrated that putting more effort in treating affected reservoir animals may not have any significant effect on the overall prevalence of the disease as compared to other possible mechanisms. The numerical simulation infers that a maximum of 60% of extra preventative measures targeted to only male population considerably reduces the total prevalence of VL by 80%. It is also possible to decrease the total prevalence of VL by 69.51% when up to 50% additional infected males receive treatment with full efficacy. Moreover, applying a maximum of 15% additional effort to reduce the number of vectors, decreases the total VL prevalence by 57.71%. Therefore, in order to reduce the disease burden of visceral leishmaniasis, public health officials and concerned stakeholders need to give more emphasis to the proportion of male humans in their intervention strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChang-Chi Weng, Sheng-Chu Chi, Tai-Chi Lin, Yi-Ming Huang, Yu-Bai Chou, De-Kuang Hwang, Shih-Jen Chen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Chang-Chi Weng, Sheng-Chu Chi, Tai-Chi Lin, Yi-Ming Huang, Yu-Bai Chou, De-Kuang Hwang, Shih-Jen Chen This retrospective study aimed to determine the short-term efficacy and safety of brolucizumab treatment for recalcitrant neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a real-world setting in Taiwan. Recalcitrant nAMD patients who were treated with brolucizumab from November 2021 to August 2022 at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were included. Patients were followed for 3 months after switching to brolucizumab. The primary outcomes were changes in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to the third month. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of intraocular inflammation (IOI), proportion of patients with subretinal and intraretinal fluid (SRF and IRF), and change in pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height from baseline to the third month. The significance level was considered as p < .05 in all tests. A total of 38 patients (40 eyes) with a mean (±SD) age of 76.3 (±10.84) years were included. The baseline BCVA was 0.92±0.64 logMAR, and the CRT and PED height were 329.0±171.18 and 189.8±114.94 um, respectively. The patients had a significant reduction in CRT and resolution of IRF and SRF from baseline to the third month. There were numerical improvements in mean BCVA and PED height, but they were not significant. The percentages of achieving at least 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 logMAR (equivalent to 5, 10, 15 ETDRS letters) visual gain were 50%, 37.5%, and 30%, respectively, during the first 3 months of follow-up. No IOI occurred in these patients. This study demonstrated that brolucizumab had good short-term structural and functional efficacy in recalcitrant nAMD patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKarina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Karina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to increasing the responsibility of school principals for the health of all school community members. Moreover, evidence confirms the significant role of school principals’ health literacy (HL) for health promotion in schools. Therefore, the presented study aims to evaluate the associations between Polish school principals HL and the implementation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) approach in Polish schools. The present study was conducted as part of an international survey on the global COVID-HL network (www.covid-hl.eu) between June 2021 and December 2021. Three subscales of the HPS were considered and an exploratory analysis were used in this study. Associations between the median split of each subscale of HPS (outcome) and health literacy (predictor) were performed using logistic regression. Research results showed that the highest level of HPS implementation was directed at pupils. Principals perceived themselves as having the highest HL on the ‘accessibility’ subscale and these respondents had significantly higher odds of implementing learning opportunities for students. The study suggests that principals with adequate HL may be more likely to effectively implement HPS strategies in schools. This research could provide insights into the complex interplay between HL and the HPS approach and inform the development of more effective strategies for promoting health and HL in schools.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYacheng Zhou, Feiyu Liu, Weidong Huo, Changjiang Peng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Yacheng Zhou, Feiyu Liu, Weidong Huo, Changjiang Peng The expansion of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has raised a wide range of concerns about its environmental impact. Therefore, from the perspective of environmental impacts, this study used the two-way fixed effect staggered differences in differences (TWFE Staggered DID) method to examine the impact of the BRI on the Environment Goods (EGs) intra-industry trade (IIT) between China and other Belt and Road (B&R) countries, including a sample of 191 countries, covering the period from 2010 to 2019 for eliminating the impact of COVID-19 and the financial crisis in 2008 and 2009. Because only 135 countries signed a Memorandum of Understanding between 2010 and 2019, this study treated these B&R countries as the study group, and the other 73 countries (non-B&R countries) as the control group. This study described EGs using the 54 6-digit code Environment Goods in Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System listed in the “APEC LIST OF ENVIRONMENT GOODS” published by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation in 2012, and used the intra-industry trade index proposed by Grubel and Lloyd in 1971 to measuring dependent variable. The research results indicated that the BRI has significantly promoted bilateral EGs IIT. The mechanism test implied that, in addition to direct impacts, the BRI also has indirect impacts by boosting the energy restructuring of B&R countries. These results prove that the BRI has positive impacts on the environment. The heterogeneity test showed that there is a heterogeneous impact depending on the type of IIT, product categorization, B&R countries’ income levels, and geographic environment. This study not only gives theoretical and empirical evidence of the positive environmental impacts of the BRI, but also provides practical guidance for the development of EGS IIT between China and B&R countries, thereby contributing to global carbon emissions reduction and environmental governance to some degree.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohammad Pourmahmood Aghababa, Jan Andrysek
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Mohammad Pourmahmood Aghababa, Jan Andrysek Quantitative gait analysis is important for understanding the non-typical walking patterns associated with mobility impairments. Conventional linear statistical methods and machine learning (ML) models are commonly used to assess gait performance and related changes in the gait parameters. Nonetheless, explainable machine learning provides an alternative technique for distinguishing the significant and influential gait changes stemming from a given intervention. The goal of this work was to demonstrate the use of explainable ML models in gait analysis for prosthetic rehabilitation in both population- and sample-based interpretability analyses. Models were developed to classify amputee gait with two types of prosthetic knee joints. Sagittal plane gait patterns of 21 individuals with unilateral transfemoral amputations were video-recorded and 19 spatiotemporal and kinematic gait parameters were extracted and included in the models. Four ML models—logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, and LightGBM—were assessed and tested for accuracy and precision. The Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework was applied to examine global and local interpretability. Random Forest yielded the highest classification accuracy (98.3%). The SHAP framework quantified the level of influence of each gait parameter in the models where knee flexion-related parameters were found the most influential factors in yielding the outcomes of the models. The sample-based explainable ML provided additional insights over the population-based analyses, including an understanding of the effect of the knee type on the walking style of a specific sample, and whether or not it agreed with global interpretations. It was concluded that explainable ML models can be powerful tools for the assessment of gait-related clinical interventions, revealing important parameters that may be overlooked using conventional statistical methods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTina Yi Jin Hsieh, Thomas Yen Ting Chen, Pei‐Lun Liao, Jing‐Yang Huang, Kevin Sheng‐Kai Ma, Yao‐Min Hung, Renin Chang, James Cheng‐Chung Wei
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Erandi Arvizu‐Hernandez, Claudia Judith Hernandez‐Guerrero, Elizabeth Alvarez‐Rios, Patricio Gariglio, Jorge Cornejo‐Garrido, Rodolfo Ocadiz‐Delgado
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Chen Huang
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Kuo‐Chuan Hung, Wei‐Ting Wang, I‐Yin Hung, I‐Wen Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Tiffany N. Harris-JonesJia Mun ChanKathleen T. HackettNathan J. WeyandRyan E. SchaubJoseph P. Dillard1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA2Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA, Kimberly A. Kline
Infection and Immunity, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Paul Alvyn Nguema MoureMoustapha Nzamba MaloumGédéon Prince ManouanaRoméo-Aimé Laclong LontchiMirabeau Mbong NgweseJean Ronald EdoaJeannot Fréjus ZinsouBrice MeulahSaidou MahmoudouElsy Mirna N'noh DansouYabo Josiane HonkpehedjiBayode Romeo AdegbiteSelidji Todagbe AgnandjiMichael RamharterBertrand LellSteffen BorrmannPeter G. KremsnerJean Claude Dejon-AgobéAyôla Akim Adegnika1Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon2Ecole Doctorale Régionale d’Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon3Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany4Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands5German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany6Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany7Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Audrey Odom John
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Elisa Correcher-Martínez, Mónica López-Lacort, Cintia Muñoz-Quiles, Javier Díez-Domingo, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with very wide-ranging symptoms. Although the most common symptoms derive from infection of the respiratory tract, several cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 exist [1,2]. Among these, cases of vesicular lesions and herpes zoster (HZ)-compatible cutaneous manifestations were reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic [3–5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
This Arts and Medicine feature reviews the clinical and neurophysiologic features of earworms, music fragments heard in the mind that repeat over and over as if jammed in playback mode.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
New guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides updated measures to combat respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. The recommendations come at a time when deaths and hospitalizations from COVID-19 have decreased from the peak of the pandemic and the availability of tools to fight respiratory viruses is greater than ever, the agency noted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
In a recent study of pet dogs in China, researchers detected the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in more than half of the bacteria sampled. Because dogs’ fecal matter sheds bacteria, these MDR E coli pose a health risk to their owners, the study authors noted in PLOS One.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
From October 2023 to December 2023, older adults made up more than half of COVID-19 hospitalizations in the US. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now recommends an additional updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine dose for adults aged 65 years or older.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
New data support the idea that care for patients with COVID-19 early in the pandemic may have come at the cost of other services. A population-based study recently published in JAMA Oncology found an overall 13% reduction in all cancer diagnoses in the US from March through December 2020, amounting to approximately 134 000 missed cases, or 1 of every 9 diagnosed cancer cases, the researchers estimated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4_Suppl Pages: i-i
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4_Suppl Pages: ii-ii
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.04.2024
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Tropical Medicine &International Health, Volume 29, Issue 4, Page i-iv, April 2024.
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