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Balogun, F. M., Omotade, O.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
ObjectivesParticipants’ comprehension of research process affects the quality of research output, which is the reason why translation of research instruments into local languages is standard practice. Literature has consistently reported that in Africa, knowledge about cervical cancer is low but paradoxically, expressed, and actual uptake of human papillomavirus vaccine for its prevention is high. This study explored the Yoruba names of cervical cancer among Yoruba people in Ibadan, Nigeria to guide the translation of cervical cancer research instruments to Yoruba language. DesignExploratory case study design was used and data were obtained with 10 in-depth interviews and four focused group discussions. Data were analysed using content analysis. SettingsThe study took place in Ibadan North local government area, Southwest Nigeria. ParticipantsThese were 4 traditional healers, 3 Yoruba linguists, 3 public health educators and 38 parents of adolescents. MeasuresThese were Yoruba names for cervical cancer and their meanings. ResultsParticipants were aware of cervical cancer but only the traditional healers and public health educators had names for it. These names were highly varied. The public health educators gave names that were linked with different parts of the female reproductive system and external genital which were actually different medical conditions. Each traditional healer also had different names for cervical cancer, which either described the female body parts, or symptoms of female genital infections. These various names can lead to unnecessary misconceptions and misinformation about cervical cancer, its prevention, management, and research. ConclusionsThere was no consensus Yoruba name for cervical cancer among the study participants. Efforts to educate the Yoruba speaking populace about cervical cancer, its prevention, management and participation in its research can be frustrated if a generally accepted Yoruba name is not provided for this cancer. Stakeholders’ collaboration is required to get an appropriate Yoruba name for cervical cancer.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWatjer, R. M., Heckmans, K. M., Eekhof, J. A., Gummi, L., Quint, K. D., Numans, M. E., Bonten, T. N.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
IntroductionDiabetic foot ulcers are feared complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), requiring extensive treatment and hospital admissions, ultimately leading to amputation and increased mortality. Different factors contribute to the development of foot ulcers and related complications. Onychomycosis, being more prevalent in patients with diabetes, could be an important risk factor for developing ulcers and related infections. However, the association between onychomycosis and diabetic complications has not been well studied in primary care. Research design and methodsTo determine the impact of onychomycosis on ulcer development and related complications in patients with diabetes in primary care, a longitudinal cohort study was carried out using routine care data from the Extramural Leiden University Medical Center Academic Network. Survival analyses were performed through Cox proportional hazards models with time-dependent covariates. ResultsData from 48 212 patients with a mean age of 58 at diagnosis of DM, predominantly type 2 (87.8%), were analysed over a median follow-up of 10.3 years. 5.7% of patients developed an ulcer. Onychomycosis significantly increased the risk of ulcer development (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.66), not affected by antimycotic treatment, nor after adjusting for confounders (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.49). The same was found for surgical interventions (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.75) and skin infections (HR 1.48, CI 95% 1.28 to 1.72), again not affected by treatment and significant after adjusting for confounders (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.51 and HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.48, respectively). ConclusionsOnychomycosis significantly increased the risk of ulcer development in patients with DM in primary care, independently of other risk factors. In addition, onychomycosis increased the risk of surgeries and infectious complications. These results underscore the importance of giving sufficient attention to onychomycosis in primary care and corresponding guidelines. Early identification of onychomycosis during screening and routine care provides a good opportunity for timely recognition of increased ulcer risk.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTunnicliffe, L., Muzambi, R., Bartlett, J. W., Howe, L., Abdul Basit, K., Warren-Gash, C.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
IntroductionTelomeres are a measure of cellular ageing with potential links to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Studies have shown that some infections may be associated with telomere shortening, but whether an association exists across all types and severities of infections and in which populations is unclear. Therefore we aim to collate available evidence to enable comparison and to inform future research in this field. Methods and analysisWe will search for studies involving telomere length and infection in various databases including MEDLINE (Ovid interface), EMBASE (Ovid interface), Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health and the Cochrane Library. For grey literature, the British Library of electronic theses databases (ETHOS) will be explored. We will not limit by study type, geographical location, infection type or method of outcome measurement. Two researchers will independently carry out study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the ROB2 and ROBINS-E tools. The overall quality of the studies will be determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. We will also evaluate study heterogeneity with respect to study design, exposure and outcome measurement and if there is sufficient homogeneity, a meta-analysis will be conducted. Otherwise, we will provide a narrative synthesis with results grouped by exposure category and study design. Ethics and disseminationThe present study does not require ethical approval. Results will be disseminated via publishing in a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023444854.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSano, M., Toyota, T., Morimoto, T., Noguchi, Y., Shigeno, R., Murai, R., Okada, T., Sasaki, Y., Taniguchi, T., Kim, K., Kobori, A., Ehara, N., Kinoshita, M., Doi, A., Tomii, K., Kihara, Y., Furukawa, Y.
BMJ Open, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
ObjectiveThere is a need for a robust tool to stratify the patient’s risk with COVID-19. We assessed the prognostic values of cardiac biomarkers for COVID-19 patients. MethodsThis is a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Consecutive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital from July 2020 to September 2021 were included. We obtained cardiac biomarker values from electronic health records and institutional blood banks. We stratified patients with cardiac biomarkers as high-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatine kinase (CK) and CK myocardial band (CK-MB), using the clinically relevant thresholds. Prespecified primary outcome measure was all-cause death. ResultsA total of 917 patients were included. hsTnI, NT-proBNP, CK and CK-MB were associated with the significantly higher cumulative 30-day incidence of all-cause death (hsTnI:
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFredric CarlssonLars RåbergaDepartment of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHozaifa MetwallyMaha M. ElbrashyTatsuhiko OzawaKazuki OkuyamaJason T. WhiteJanyerkye TulyeuJonas Nørskov SøndergaardJames Badger WingArisa MuratsuHisatake MatsumotoMasahito IkawaHiroyuki KishiIchiro TaniuchiTadamitsu KishimotoaLaboratory of Immune Regulation, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanbBiochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza P.O. 12622, EgyptcDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, JapandLaboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, JapaneLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanfHuman Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, JapangLaboratory of Human Single Cell Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanhDepartment of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, JapaniResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWitold PostekKlaudia StaśkiewiczElin LiljaBartłomiej WacławaDioscuri Centre for Physics and Chemistry of Bacteria, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa 01-224, PolandbBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142cSchool of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKavita DeJuan M. BelardinelliArun Prasad PanduranganTeddy EhianetaElena LianZuzana PalčekováHa LamMercedes Gonzalez-JuarreroJosephine M. BryantTom L. BlundellJulian ParkhillR. Andres FlotoTodd L. LowaryWilliam H. WheatMary JacksonaMycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682bVictor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, Biomedical Campus, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 OBB, United KingdomcInstitute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 11529, TaiwandParasites and Microbes Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, United KingdomeDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United KingdomfMolecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical Research Council-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Cambridge, Trumpington, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United KingdomgUniversity of Cambridge Centre for AI in Medicine, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United KingdomhCambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0AY, United KingdomiInstitute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGang ChenQingxia HanWan-Xiang LiRong HaiShou-Wei DingaDepartment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNiels JohannesenAlessandro Tang-Andersen MartinelloBjørn Bjørnsson MeyerEmil Toft VestergaardAsger Lau AndersenThais Lærkholm JensenaSaïd Business School, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 1HP, United KingdombDepartment of Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1353, DenmarkcCenter for Economic Behavior and Inequality, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K 1353, DenmarkdDanmarks Nationalbank, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAri S. FreedmanJustin K. SheenStella TsaiJihong YaoEdward LifshitzDavid AdinaroSimon A. LevinBryan T. GrenfellC. Jessica E. MetcalfaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bNew Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ 08625
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSheng ShuYuko TsutsuiRajkanwar NathawatWei MiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520bCancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516cDepartment of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVictoria ChevéeKarthik HullahalliKatherine G. DaileyLeslie GüerecaChenyu ZhangMatthew K. WaldorDaniel A. PortnoyaDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720bDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115cDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115dHHMI, Bethesda, MD 20815eDepartment of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXing LiuChunchun ZhuShuke JiaHongyan DengJinhua TangXueyi SunXiaoli ZengXiaoyun ChenZixuan WangWen LiuQian LiaoHuangyuan ZhaXiaolian CaiWuhan XiaoaKey Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinabHubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, ChinacThe Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinadUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaeThe Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background K. pneumoniae is capable of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics through expression of β-lactamases (both chromosomal and plasmid-encoded) and downregulation of outer membrane porins. However, the extent to which these mechanisms interplay in a resistant phenotype is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which β-lactamases and outer membrane porins affected β-lactam resistance.Methods MICs to β-lactams and inhibitor combinations were determined by agar dilution or E-test. Outer membrane porin production was evaluated by western blot of outer membrane fractions. β-lactamase carriage was determined by whole genome sequencing and expression evaluated by RT-qPCR.Results Plasmid-encoded β-lactamases were important for cefotaxime and ceftazidime resistance. Elevated expression of chromosomal SHV was important for ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance. Loss of outer membrane porins was predictive of meropenem resistance. ESβLs and pAmpCs in addition to porin loss were sufficient to confer resistance to the third generation cephalosporins, pipercillin/tazobactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, and meropenem. pAmpCs (CMY-2 and DHA) alone conferred resistance to pipercillin/tazobactam.Discussion Detection of a resistance gene by whole genome sequencing was not sufficient to predict resistance to all antibiotics tested. some β-lactam resistance was dependent on the expression of both plasmid-encoded and chromosomal β-lactamases and loss of porins.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniele Focosi, Massimo Franchini, Arturo Casadevall, Fabrizio Maggi
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Anti-Spike monoclonal antibodies represent one of the most tolerable prophylaxis and therapies for COVID-19 in frail and immunocompromised patients. Unfortunately, viral evolution in Omicron has led all of them to failure.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnca Rath, Bärbel Kieninger, Nilufarbayim Mirzaliyeva, Stephan Schmid, Patricia Mester, Wulf Schneider-Brachert
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Surveillance of multidrug-resistant bacteria like vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and prompt outbreak recognition are vital for infection prevention and control (IPC). Yet, data collection is laborious, and analysis prone to errors due to limited resolution of common diagnostic tools. Precision in defining \'the same pathogen\' is, however, critical for nosocomial transmission analysis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a major public health problem, necessitating the administration of polymyxin E (colistin) as a last-line antibiotic. Meanwhile, the mortality rate associated with colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae infections is seriously increasing. On the other hand, importance of administration of carbapenems in promoting colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is unknown. Case presentation We report a case of K. pneumoniae-related pyogenic liver abscess in which susceptible K. pneumoniae transformed into carbapenem- and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae during treatment with imipenem. The case of pyogenic liver abscess was a 50-year-old man with diabetes and liver transplant who was admitted to Abu Ali Sina Hospital in Shiraz. The K. pneumoniae isolate responsible for community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess was isolated and identified. The K. pneumoniae isolate was sensitive to all tested antibiotics except ampicillin in the antimicrobial susceptibility test and was identified as a non-K1/K2 classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) strain. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) identified the isolate as sequence type 54 (ST54). Based on the patient’s request, he was discharged to continue treatment at another center. After two months, he was readmitted due to fever and progressive constitutional symptoms. During treatment with imipenem, the strain acquired blaOXA−48 and showed resistance to carbapenems and was identified as a multidrug resistant (MDR) strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test for colistin was performed by broth microdilution method and the strain was sensitive to colistin (MIC
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background The problem of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which is caused by ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases, is getting worse globally. Infections caused by bacterial isolates harboring these enzymes are difficult to treat with carbapenems being the sole effective treatment option for such infections. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ESBLs and AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens and to evaluate the sensitivity of cefepime-tazobactam combination against them. Methods This is an observational cross-sectional study carried out on 100 Gram-negative bacilli at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Hospital during the period from February 2015 to January 2016. ESBL production was screened by using the disc diffusion test followed by confirmation by the combined disc confirmatory test, the screening for AmpC production was conducted using the cefoxitin disc test, which was subsequently confirmed by the AmpC disc test. Isolates confirmed positive for ESBL and/ or AmpC production were investigated for their susceptibility to antibiotics. Results Among 100 Gram-negative bacilli, 44 isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by the combined disc confirmatory test out of 56 isolates that tested positive for ESBL production through the disc diffusion test. The presence of AmpC production was assessed using the cefoxitin disc test, 32 isolates were screened to be AmpC producers, and the AmpC disc test confirmed AmpC production in 9 isolates of them. Using the Mast® D68C set, 32 isolates were ESBL producers, 3 were AmpC producers, and 4 isolates were ESBL/AmpC co-producers. The highest sensitivity was to cefepime-tazobactam (91.48%) followed by the carbapenems. Conclusion Cefepime-tazobactam showed remarkable activity against ESBL and/or AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli and may be considered as a therapeutic alternative to carbapenems.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Influenza-like illness (ILI) imposes a significant burden on patients, employers and society. However, there is no analysis and prediction at the hospital level in Chongqing. We aimed to characterize the seasonality of ILI, examine age heterogeneity in visits, and predict ILI peaks and assess whether they affect hospital operations. Methods The multiplicative decomposition model was employed to decompose the trend and seasonality of ILI, and the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX) model was used for the trend and short-term prediction of ILI. We used Grid Search and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to calibrate and verify the optimal hyperparameters, and verified the residuals of the multiplicative decomposition and SARIMAX model, which are both white noise. Results During the 12-year study period, ILI showed a continuous upward trend, peaking in winter (Dec. - Jan.) and a small spike in May-June in the 2–4-year-old high-risk group for severe disease. The mean length of stay (LOS) in ILI peaked around summer (about Aug.), and the LOS in the 0–1 and ≥ 65 years old severely high-risk group was more irregular than the others. We found some anomalies in the predictive analysis of the test set, which were basically consistent with the dynamic zero-COVID policy at the time. Conclusion The ILI patient visits showed a clear cyclical and seasonal pattern. ILI prevention and control activities can be conducted seasonally on an annual basis, and age heterogeneity should be considered in the health resource planning. Targeted immunization policies are essential to mitigate potential pandemic threats. The SARIMAX model has good short-term forecasting ability and accuracy. It can help explore the epidemiological characteristics of ILI and provide an early warning and decision-making basis for the allocation of medical resources related to ILI visits.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Vaccination is effective in preventing viral respiratory infectious diseases through protective antibodies and the gut microbiome has been proven to regulate human immunity. This study explores the causal correlations between gut microbial features and serum-specific antiviral immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Methods We conduct a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to explore the causal relationships between 412 gut microbial features and four antiviral IgG (for influenza A, measles, rubella, and mumps) levels. To make the results more reliable, we used four robust methods and performed comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Results The MR analyses revealed 26, 13, 20, and 18 causal associations of the gut microbial features influencing four IgG levels separately. Interestingly, ten microbial features, like genus Collinsella, species Bifidobacterium longum, and the biosynthesis of L-alanine have shown the capacity to regulate multiple IgG levels with consistent direction (rise or fall). The reverse MR analysis suggested several potential causal associations of IgG levels affecting microbial features. Conclusions The human immune response against viral respiratory infectious diseases could be modulated by changing the abundance of gut microbes, which provided new approaches for the intervention of viral respiratory infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuowei WangLianmei ZhongManxia WangJuan ZhouShuting LiuWang MiaoLeilei LiYonghong LiuShougang GuoHaining LiXiaoming WangLiuqing XieMin XieShihong FuTingting XuanFan LiTingting YangLufei ShaoMingfang ShiXiaocong LiXiaoling LiLi GaoShaopeng ZhaiJia DingTianhong WangDayong LiuGuosheng MaJiang WuDongjun WanJunlin GuoXinbo ZhangJinxia WuYinxu WangAnsong JinLei MaHuan YangXuexian HeXiaona MaHuijuan LiuBoya MaNingai YangXiaolin HouTing XuCheng-feng QinHuanyu WangPeng XieZhenhai Wanga The First Clinical Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinab Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinae Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaf Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of Chinah Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of Chinai Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People’s Republic of Chinaj Neurology Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinak The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of Chinal Meishan People’s Hospital, Meishan, People’s Republic of Chinam Chengdu Seventh People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of Chinan National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinao Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinap Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaq Department of Pediatrics, Yibin Hospital, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yibin, People’s Republic of Chinar Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, People’s Republic of Chinas The First People’s Hospital of Tianshui, Tianshui, People’s Republic of Chinat The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinau The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu Medical College, Pingliang, People’s Republic of Chinav Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinaw The First People’s Hospital of Longnan, Longnan, People’s Republic of Chinax The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of Chinay Qingyang People's Hospital, Qingyang, People’s Republic of Chinaz The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People’s Republic of Chinaaa Emergency Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaab Cerebrospinal Fluid Laboratory, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaac Department of Infectious Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaad General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People’s Republic of Chinaae State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaaf NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing, People’s Republic of Chinaag Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Infectious Disease Modelling, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Publication date: September 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Xiaomin Lan, Guangmin Chen, Ruiyang Zhou, Kuicheng Zheng, Shaojian Cai, Fengying Wei, Zhen Jin, Xuerong Mao
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMei Sun, Zhe Zhang, Jingjing Zhang, Juewei Zhang, Zhuqiang Jia, Lin Zhao, Xin Han, Xiaohong Sun, Junwei Zong, Ying Zhu, Shouyu Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Mei Sun, Zhe Zhang, Jingjing Zhang, Juewei Zhang, Zhuqiang Jia, Lin Zhao, Xin Han, Xiaohong Sun, Junwei Zong, Ying Zhu, Shouyu Wang Background Previous observational studies have demonstrated a connection between the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gastrointestinal problems brought on by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. However, little is understood about how these factors impact on T2DM. Method This study used data from the GWAS database on H. pylori antibodies, gastroduodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, T2DM and information on potential mediators: obesity, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels. Using univariate Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori and associated gastrointestinal diseases with the risk of developing of T2DM and explore the presence of mediators to ascertain the probable mechanisms. Results Genetic evidence suggests that H. pylori IgG antibody (P = 0.006, b = 0.0945, OR = 1.0995, 95% CI = 1.023–1.176), H. pylori GroEL antibody (P = 0.028, OR = 1.033, 95% CI = 1.004–1.064), gastroduodenal ulcers (P = 0.019, OR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.006–1.068) and chronic gastritis (P = 0.005, OR = 1.042, 95% CI = 1.012–1.074) are all linked to an increased risk of T2DM, additionally, H. pylori IgG antibody is associated with obesity (P = 0.034, OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.002–1.055). The results of MVMR showed that the pathogenic relationship between H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer in T2DM is mediated by blood glucose level and obesity, respectively. Conclusion Our study found that H. pylori IgG antibody, H. pylori GroEL antibody, gastroduodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis are all related to t T2DM, and blood glucose level and obesity mediate the development of H. pylori GroEL antibody and gastroduodenal ulcer on T2DM, respectively. These findings may inform new prevention and intervention strategies for T2DM.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLu Liu, Shuang He, Lin Jia, Hua Yao, Dan Zhou, Xiaobin Guo, Lei Miao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Lu Liu, Shuang He, Lin Jia, Hua Yao, Dan Zhou, Xiaobin Guo, Lei Miao Objective The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway regulates the production of inflammatory factors and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the link among TLR4 gene polymorphisms at various loci, protein expression, and gouty arthritis susceptibility. Methods Between 2016 and 2021, a case-control study was used to collect a total of 1207 study subjects, including 317 male patients with gouty arthritis (gout group) and 890 healthy males (control group). The association between gout susceptibility and different genetic models was analyzed by typing three loci of the TLR4 gene (rs2149356, rs2737191, and rs10759932) using a multiplex point mutation rapid assay, and the association between protein expression and gout was confirmed by measuring TLR4 protein concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Results In a codominant models AA and AG, the rs2737191 polymorphism in the gout group increased the risk of gout compared to the AA genotype (OR = 2.249, 95%CI 1.010~5.008), and the risk of gout was higher for those carrying the G allele compared to the A allele (OR = 2.227, 95%CI 1.006~4.932). TLR4 protein expression was different between the two groups with different locus genotypes. The differences in TLR4 protein expression between the gout group and control group were statistically significant between the following genotypes: the GG and GT genotypes of the rs2149356 polymorphism; the AA and AG genotypes of the rs2737191 polymorphism; and the TT and TC genotypes of the rs10759932 polymorphism(P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuayong Huang, Qiaoling Chang, Yanhui Zhou, Li Liao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Huayong Huang, Qiaoling Chang, Yanhui Zhou, Li Liao Background Central catheter bloodstream infections (CRBSI) is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. However, few factors are generally accepted and some studies have conflicting finding about some factors, possibly caused by limitation associated with an individual study. This study was to identify risk factors for CRBSI in intensive care units. Methods We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of science and EMBASE databases and the 4 top Chinese-language databases, including WanFang data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) as of July 2023. Case control and cohort studies were included. Two authors independently screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). The pooled effect size was estimated using the odds ratio (OR), and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The Cochrane Q (χ2) and I2 tests were used to assess heterogeneity among studies, and each risk factor was tested for its robustness using fixed- or random-effects models. Findings A total of 32 studies enrolled, among which eleven factors were identified, they were divided into two categories: modifiable and unmodifiable factors. Modifiable factors: duration of catheterization (≥ 5d) (OR: 2.07, 95%CI: 1.41–3.03), duration of catheterization (≥ 7d) (OR: 3.62, 95%CI: 2.65–4.97), duration of catheterization (≥ 14d)(OR: 4.85, 95%CI: 3.35–7.01), total parenteral nutrition (OR: 2.27,95%CI: 1.56–3.29), use of multiple-lumen catheters(OR: 3.41, 95%CI: 2.27–5.11), times of tube indwelling (OR: 3.50, 95%CI: 2.93–4.17), length of ICU stay (OR: 4.05, 95%CI: 2.41–6.80), the position of indwelling(OR: 2.41, 95%CI: 2.03–2.85); Unmodifiable factors: APACHEII scores (OR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.54–2.20), Age≥ 60 years old (OR: 2.19, 95%CI: 1.76–2.73), the extensive use of antibiotic (OR: 3.54, 95%CI: 1.65–7.61), Diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.06, 95%CI: 2.56–3.66), Immunosuppression (OR: 2.87, 95%CI: 2.08–3.95). Conclusions Effective interventions targeting the above modifiable factors may reduce the risk of developing CRBSI in ICU and improve the clinical outcome of patients. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuliana Elvira Herdy Guerra Avila, Levy Aniceto Santana, Denise Rabelo Suzuki, Vinícius Zacarias Maldaner da Silva, Marcio Luís Duarte, Aline Mizusaki Imoto, Fábio Ferreira Amorim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Juliana Elvira Herdy Guerra Avila, Levy Aniceto Santana, Denise Rabelo Suzuki, Vinícius Zacarias Maldaner da Silva, Marcio Luís Duarte, Aline Mizusaki Imoto, Fábio Ferreira Amorim Introduction Burns are tissue traumas caused by energy transfer and occur with a variable inflammatory response. The consequences of burns represent a public health problem worldwide. Inhalation injury (II) is a severity factor when associated with burn, leading to a worse prognosis. Its treatment is complex and often involves invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The primary purpose of this study will be to assess the evidence regarding the frequency and mortality of II in burn patients. The secondary purposes will be to assess the evidence regarding the association between IIs and respiratory complications (pneumonia, airway obstruction, acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome), need for IMV and complications in other organ systems, and highlight factors associated with IIs in burn patients and prognostic factors associated with acute respiratory failure, need for IMV and mortality of II in burn patients. Methods This is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS/VHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases will be consulted without language restrictions and publication date. Studies presenting incomplete data and patients under 19 years of age will be excluded. Data will be synthesized through continuous (mean and standard deviation) and dichotomous (relative risk) variables and the total number of participants. The means, sample sizes, standard deviations from the mean, and relative risks will be entered into the Review Manager web analysis software (The Cochrane Collaboration). Discussion Despite the extensive experience managing IIs in burn patients, they still represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and accurate measurement of its damage are complex, and therapies are essentially based on supportive measures. Considering the challenge, their impact, and their potential severity, IIs represent a promising area for research, needing further studies to understand and contribute to its better evolution.The protocol of this review is registered on the International prospective register of systematic reviews platform of the Center for Revisions and Disclosure of the University of York, United Kingdom (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero), under number RD42022343944.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel E. Jacobsen, Makaela M. Montoya, Trent R. Llewellyn, Kaitlyn Martinez, Kristen M. Wilding, Kiersten D. Lenz, Carrie A. Manore, Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland, Harshini Mukundan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Daniel E. Jacobsen, Makaela M. Montoya, Trent R. Llewellyn, Kaitlyn Martinez, Kristen M. Wilding, Kiersten D. Lenz, Carrie A. Manore, Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland, Harshini Mukundan Universal and early recognition of pathogens occurs through recognition of evolutionarily conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by innate immune receptors and the consequent secretion of cytokines and chemokines. The intrinsic complexity of innate immune signaling and associated signal transduction challenges our ability to obtain physiologically relevant, reproducible and accurate data from experimental systems. One of the reasons for the discrepancy in observed data is the choice of measurement strategy. Immune signaling is regulated by the interplay between pathogen-derived molecules with host cells resulting in cellular expression changes. However, these cellular processes are often studied by the independent assessment of either the transcriptome or the proteome. Correlation between transcription and protein analysis is lacking in a variety of studies. In order to methodically evaluate the correlation between transcription and protein expression profiles associated with innate immune signaling, we measured cytokine and chemokine levels following exposure of human cells to the PAMP lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Expression of 84 messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts and 69 proteins, including 35 overlapping targets, were measured in human lung epithelial cells. We evaluated 50 biological replicates to determine reproducibility of outcomes. Following pairwise normalization, 16 mRNA transcripts and 6 proteins were significantly upregulated following LPS exposure, while only five (CCL2, CSF3, CXCL5, CXCL8/IL8, and IL6) were upregulated in both transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. This lack of correlation between transcription and protein expression data may contribute to the discrepancy in the immune profiles reported in various studies. The use of multiomic assessments to achieve a systems-level understanding of immune signaling processes can result in the identification of host biomarker profiles for a variety of infectious diseases and facilitate countermeasure design and development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSara Coelho Rangel, Michelly Damasceno da Silva, Décio Gilberto Natrielli Filho, Samuel Nascimento Santos, Jonatas Bussador do Amaral, Jefferson Russo Victor, Kevin Cezar Nascimento Silva, Izabela Dorota Tuleta, Carolina Nunes França, Marina Tiemi Shio, Lucas Melo Neves, André Luis Lacerda Bachi and Luiz Henrique da Silva Nali
Retrovirology, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are the two main mental disorders with unknown etiology that significantly impact individuals’ quality of life. The potential pro-inflammatory role in their pathoge...
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Infection, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) may confer protection against symptomatic COVID-19. Whether their level predicts progression among those with COVID-19 pneumonia remains unclear. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess predictors of anti-S levels and whether anti-S titer is associated with death or mechanical ventilation (MV). Adults hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia between July 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled if anti-S had been measured within 72 h of admission. Predictors of anti-S level were explored using multivariable quantile regression. The association between anti-S levels and 30-day death/MV was investigated via multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by vaccine status. Results The median anti-S level was 1370 BAU/ml in 328 vaccinated and 15.5 BAU/ml in 206 unvaccinated individuals. Among the vaccinated, shorter symptom duration (p = 0.001), hematological malignancies (p = 0.002), and immunosuppressive therapy (p = 0.004) were associated with lower anti-S levels. In the unvaccinated group, symptom duration was the only predictor of anti-S levels (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Purpose A German multicentre study BLOOMY was the first to use machine learning approach to develop mortality prediction scores for bloodstream infection (BSI) patients, but the scores have not been assessed in other cohorts. Our aim was to assess how the BLOOMY 14-day and 6-month scores estimate mortality in our cohort of 497 cases with BSI. Methods Clinical data, laboratory data, and patient outcome were gathered retrospectively from patient records. The scores were calculated as presented in the BLOOMY study with the exception in the day of the evaluation. Results In our cohort, BLOOMY 14-day score estimated death by day 14 with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% Confidence Interval 0.80–0.94). Using ≥ 6 points as a cutoff, sensitivity was 68.8%, specificity 88.1%, positive predictive value (PPV) 39.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 96.2%. These results were similar in the original BLOOMY cohort and outweighed both quick Sepsis-Related Organ Failure Assessment (AUC 0.76) and Pitt Bacteraemia Score (AUC 0.79) in our cohort. BLOOMY 6-month score to estimate 6-month mortality had an AUC of 0.79 (0.73–0.85). Using ≥ 6 points as a cutoff, sensitivity was 98.3%, specificity 10.7%, PPV 25.7%, and NPV 95.2%. AUCs of 6-month score to estimate 1-year and 5-year mortality were 0.80 (0.74–0.85) and 0.77 (0.73–0.82), respectively. Conclusion The BLOOMY 14-day and 6-month scores performed well in the estimations of mortality in our cohort and exceeded some established scores, but their adoption in clinical work remains to be seen.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Physicians may administer Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir to patients who have been symptomatic for more than 5 days. There is currently no clear evidence to support this approach. Methods A real-world study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between the administration of Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and the rates of intubation or in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients who experienced symptoms for more than 5 days. The end point was a composite event of intubation or in-hospital mortality. The outcomes between those patients who received Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and those who did not were compared. Results A total of 847 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 312 patients (36.84%) received Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir. Within the entire population, 86 patients (10.15%) experienced intubation or in-hospital mortality. The main analysis indicated that there was a significant association between the application of Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and intubation or in-hospital mortality, with an odds ratio of 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.28 to 0.87; P = 0.0153) using inverse probability of treatment weighting. The finding was consistent with multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusions The application of Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was associated with a significantly reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who experienced symptoms for more than 5 days as compared to those who did not receive the treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCélia BernardYi LiuGérald Larrouy-MaumusChristophe GuilhotKaymeuang CamChristian Chalut1Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France2Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Patricia Monzó-Gallo, Carlos Lopera, Ana M Badía-Tejero, Marina Machado, Julio García-Rodríguez, Pablo Vidal-Cortés, Esperanza Merino, Jorge Calderón, Jesús Fortún, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Javier Pemán, Joan Roig Sanchis, Manuela Aguilar-Guisado, Carlota Gudiol, Juan C Ramos, Isabel Sánchez-Romero, Pilar Martin-Davila, Luis E. López-Cortés, Miguel Salavert, Isabel Ruiz-Camps, Mariana Chumbita, Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Olivier Peyrony, Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Alex Soriano, Francesc Marco, Carolina Garcia-Vidal
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
There is a notable change in the profile of patients with invasive fungal infections (IFI): there has been a progressive rise of such infections in non-neutropenic population (i.e., COVID-19, influenza, biologic agents, corticosteroids, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder [COPD] or cirrhosis) [1–3]. However, information concerning the management of non-neutropenic patients with IFI remains limited. Caution should be exercised before these patients are treated like those who are neutropenic, given a considerable variability in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of IFI [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas Theo rehm, Maja Reimann, Niklas Köhler, Christoph Lange
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common complication associated with treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. However, there is uncertainty about the risk of TB relapse in patients with TB and comorbidities requiring treatment with these agents.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYibeltal, K., Workneh, F., Melesse, H., Wolde, H., Kidane, W. T., Berhane, Y., Herzig van Wees, S.
BMJ Open, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
ObjectiveThis study explored faith leaders’ perspectives on the COVID-19 vaccine and their role in building COVID-19 vaccine trust in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. DesignA qualitative study with in-depth interviews and thematic analysis was conducted. ParticipantsTwenty-one faith leaders from the seven religious groups represented in the Inter-Religious Council of Ethiopia participated in the study. SettingThe study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ResultsThe thematic analysis revealed three themes. First, faith leaders were aware of the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic, although most ascribed a spiritual meaning to the advent of the pandemic. The pandemic seriously affected the faith communities, inflicting financial losses. Second, faith leaders were essential allies during the pandemic by effectively collaborating with government and health professionals in COVID-19 prevention activities and public health interventions using spiritual reasoning. They were actively informing the community about the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine, where many faith leaders were publicly vaccinated to build trust in the vaccine and act as role models. Third, despite this, they faced multiple questions from the congregation about the vaccine, including rumours. ConclusionsThis research showed that faith leaders played crucial roles in encouraging vaccine use but were limited in their persuasion power because of intense rumours and misinformation. Empowering faith leaders with the latest vaccine evidence needs to be prioritised in the future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas-Rüddel, D., Bauer, M., Moita, L. F., Helbig, C., Schlattmann, P., Ehler, J., Rahmel, T., Meybohm, P., Gründling, M., Schenk, H., Köcher, T., Brunkhorst, F. M., Gräler, M., Heger, A.-J., Weis, S., EPOS-1 study group, SepNetCriticalCare TrialsGroup, Bloos, Dlubatz, Hagel, Hammersen, Lehmann, Leonhardt, Markgraf, Michael, Rissner, Röstel, Roth, Schumacher, Schwarze, Städtler, Vivas-Varela, Fuchs, Greinacher, Kuhn, Hagedorn, Unterberg, Wittkowski, Rumpf, Haas, Helmer, Hottenrott, Kranke, Kranke, Neuf, Reppchen, Röder, Schmidt
BMJ Open, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
IntroductionSepsis remains the major cause of death among hospitalised patients in intensive care. While targeting sepsis-causing pathogens with source control or antimicrobials has had a dramatic impact on morbidity and mortality of sepsis patients, this strategy remains insufficient for about one-third of the affected individuals who succumb. Pharmacological targeting of mechanisms that reduce sepsis-defining organ dysfunction may be beneficial. When given at low doses, the anthracycline epirubicin promotes tissue damage control and lessens the severity of sepsis independently of the host–pathogen load by conferring disease tolerance to infection. Since epirubicin at higher doses can be myelotoxic, a first dose–response trial is necessary to assess the potential harm of this drug in this new indication. Methods and analysisEpirubicin for the Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock-1 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 dose-escalation phase IIa clinical trial to assess the safety of epirubicin as an adjunctive in patients with sepsis. The primary endpoint is the 14-day myelotoxicity. Secondary and explorative outcomes include 30-day and 90-day mortality, organ dysfunction, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and cytokine release. Patients will be randomised in three consecutive phases. For each study phase, patients are randomised to one of the two study arms (epirubicin or placebo) in a 4:1 ratio. Approximately 45 patients will be recruited. Patients in the epirubicin group will receive a single dose of epirubicin (3.75, 7.5 or 15 mg/m2 depending on the study phase. After each study phase, a data and safety monitoring board will recommend continuation or premature stopping of the trial. The primary analyses for each dose level will report the proportion of myelotoxicity together with a 95% CI. A potential dose-toxicity association will be analysed using a logistic regression model with dose as a covariate. All further analyses will be descriptive. Ethics and disseminationThe protocol is approved by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices. The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT05033808.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSilverthorne, C. A., Jones, B., Brooke, M., Coates, L. C., Orme, J., Robson, J. C., Tillett, W., Dures, E.
BMJ Open, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
ObjectiveMany clinically extremely vulnerable rheumatology patients have only recently ceased shielding from COVID-19, while some continue to minimise in-person contact. The objective of this study was to understand the impact of shielding and associated support needs in patients with rheumatic conditions and to understand how rheumatology teams can meet these needs both currently and in future pandemics. Design, participants and settingThe study was conducted in the Southwest of England using a case-study design. The participants were 15 patients with rheumatic conditions who were advised to shield and/or chose to shield at any time during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsQualitative data collected via telephone and online semi-structured interviews and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsFifteen interviews were conducted. Three main themes represent the data: ‘Just shove them over there in the corner’ captures changes in patients’ self-perception. They felt different to most other people, vulnerable and left behind. The initial sense of shock was followed by a sense of loss as changes became long term. ‘A long and lonely road’ captures patients’ psychological isolation due to a perceived lack of understanding and support. This included having to prove their health status and justify their shielding behaviours, which impacted their relationships. At times, they felt abandoned by their healthcare providers. ‘You can’t just flip a switch’ captures the difficulty of getting back to pre-pandemic normal after shielding. Patients did not recognise themselves physically and mentally. They wanted to collaborate with health professionals and identified the need for specific guidance to support their recovery. ConclusionPatients are dealing with lasting physical and mental effects from shielding and consequences of delayed healthcare. Health professionals need time and resources to ask about patients’ well-being, identify their health needs and refer/signpost to appropriate sources of support.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMay, F., Ginige, S., Firman, E., Li, Y. S., Soonarane, Y. K., Smoll, N., Hunter, I., Pery, B., Macfarlane, B., Bladen, T., Allen, T., Green, T., Walker, J., Slinko, V., Stickley, M., Khandaker, G., Anuradha, S., Wattiaux, A.
BMJ Open, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
ObjectiveThe 2022 Australian winter was the first time that COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were circulating in the population together, after two winters of physical distancing, quarantine and borders closed to international travellers. We developed a novel surveillance system to estimate the incidence of COVID-19, influenza and RSV in three regions of Queensland, Australia. DesignWe implemented a longitudinal testing-based sentinel surveillance programme. Participants were provided with self-collection nasal swabs to be dropped off at a safe location at their workplace each week. Swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Symptomatic participants attended COVID-19 respiratory clinics to be tested by multiplex PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B and RSV. Rapid antigen test (RAT) results reported by participants were included in the analysis. Setting and participantsBetween 4 April 2022 and 3 October 2022, 578 adults were recruited via their workplace. Due to rolling recruitment, withdrawals and completion due to positive COVID-19 results, the maximum number enrolled in any week was 423 people. ResultsA total of 4290 tests were included. Participation rates varied across the period ranging from 25.9% to 72.1% of enrolled participants. The total positivity of COVID-19 was 3.3%, with few influenza or RSV cases detected. Widespread use of RAT may have resulted in few symptomatic participants attending respiratory clinics. The weekly positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 detected during the programme correlated with the incidence of notified cases in the corresponding communities. ConclusionThis testing-based surveillance programme could estimate disease trends and be a useful tool in settings where testing is less common or accessible. Difficulties with recruitment meant the study was underpowered. The frontline sentinel nature of workplaces meant participants were not representative of the general population but were high-risk groups providing early warning of disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCole, S. W., Glick, J. L., Campoamor, N. B., Sanchez, T. H., Sarkar, S., Vannappagari, V., Rinehart, A., Rawlings, K., Sullivan, P. S., Bridges, J. F. P.
BMJ Open, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
IntroductionCabotegravir long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (LA-PrEP) was shown to be safe and effective in multiple clinical trials. Increasing uptake and persistence among populations with elevated risk for HIV acquisition, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM), is critical to HIV prevention. ObjectiveThis analysis aims to understand potential users’ preferences for LA-PrEP, with audience segmentation. DesignWillingness to use and preferences for LA-PrEP were measured in HIV-negative, sexually active MSM in the 2020 American Men’s Internet Survey. Respondents answered a discrete choice experiment with paired profiles of hypothetical LA-PrEP characteristics with an opt-out option (no LA-PrEP). Conditional and mixed logit models were run; the final model was a dummy-coded mixed logit that interacted with the opt-out. SettingUS national online sample. ResultsAmong 2506 MSM respondents, most (75%) indicated a willingness to use LA-PrEP versus daily oral PrEP versus no PrEP. Respondents were averse to side effects and increasing costs and preferred increasing levels of protection. Respondents preferred a 2-hour time to obtain LA-PrEP vs 1 hour, with a strong aversion to 3 hours. Overall, there was an aversion to opting out of LA-PrEP, with variations: those with only one partner, no/other insurance or who were Black, Indigenous or People of Colour were significantly less likely to prefer LA-PrEP, while those who were Hispanic/Latino, college educated and
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTianyang MaoJooyoung KimMario A. Peña-HernándezGabrielee ValleMiyu MoriyamaSophia LuytenIsabel M. OttMaria Luisa Gomez-CalvoJeff R GehlhausenEmily BakerBenjamin IsraelowMartin SladeLokesh SharmaWei LiuChangwan RyuAsawari KordeChris J. LeeValter Silva MonteiroCarolina LucasHuiping DongYi YangSmita GopinathCraig B. WilenNoah PalmCharles S. Dela CruzAkiko IwasakiaDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510cDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213dDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06510eDepartment of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510fDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510gDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510hDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115iDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510jVeterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240kCenter for Infection and Immunity, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510lHHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, Chantal B. F. VogelsAnne M. HahnNicholas F. G. ChenMallery BrebanTobias R KochChrispin ChaguzaIrina TikhonovaChristopher CastaldiShrikant ManeBony De KumarDavid FergusonNicholas KerantzasDavid PeaperMarie L LandryWade SchulzNathan Grubaugh
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStephanie E AnderM Guston ParksBennett J DavenportFrances S LiAngela Bosco-LauthKathryn S CarpentierChengqun SunCormac J LucasWilliam B KlimstraGregory D EbelThomas E Morrison, Hidde Ploegh
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract The number of research papers published on the involvement of the oral microbiota in systemic diseases has grown exponentially over the last four years clearly demonstrating the growing interest in this field. Indeed, accumulating evidence highlights the central role of ectopic colonization by oral bacteria in numerous non-communicable diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), undernutrition, pre-term birth, neurological diseases, liver diseases, lung diseases, heart diseases or colonic cancer. There is thus much interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to the colonization and maintenance of ectopic oral bacteria. The aim of this review is to summarize and conceptualize the current knowledge about ectopic colonization by oral bacteria, highlight wherever possible the underlying molecular mechanisms and describe its implication in health and disease. The focus lies on the newly discovered molecular mechanisms, showcasing shared pathophysiological mechanisms across different body sites and syndromes and highlighting open questions in the field regarding the pathway from oral microbiota dysbiosis to non-communicable diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah Nascimento Silva, Glaucia Cota, Kathiaja Miranda Souza, Marina Gonçalves de Freitas, Janaína de Pina de Carvalho, Endi Lanza Galvão
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024