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Sodeke, Olutomi; Milligan, Kyle; Ezeuko, Ijeoma; Oladipo, Ademola; Emeh, Anuri; Bashorun, Adebobola; Orisawayi, Oluwaniyi; Danjuma, Sanda; Onotu, Dennis; Boyd, Adetinuke Mary; Abutu, Andrew; Chun, Helen; Vallabhaneni, Snigdha
AIDS, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Background: :To inform optimal management of HIV viremia on TLD, we examined viral load (VL) outcomes of a large cohort of adult PLHIV on TLD in Nigeria. Methods: :We conducted a retrospective study of adult PLHIV who had ≥1 VL after initiating TLD during January 2017–February 2023. VLs were categorized as undetectable (≤50 copies/mL), low low-level viremia (LLV, 51–199 copies/mL), high LLV (200–999 copies/mL), virologic nonsuppression (VLNS, ≥1000 copies/mL), and virologic failure (VF, ≥2 consecutive VLNS results). Among patients with ≥2 VLs on TLD, we described how viremia changed over time and examined virologic outcomes after VF. We identified predictors of subsequent VLNS using mixed-effects logistic regression and conducted planned contrasts between levels of VL result and regimen types. Results: :Analysis of 82,984 VL pairs from 47,531 patients demonstrated viral resuppression to ≤50 copies/mL at follow-up VL in 66.7% of those with initial low LLV, 59.1% of those with initial high LLV, and 48.9% of those with initial VLNS. Of 662 patients with a follow-up VL after VF, 94.6% stayed on TLD; of which 57.8% (359/621) were undetectable at next VL without regimen change. Previous low LLV (aOR 1.74, 1.56–1.93), high LLV (aOR 2.35, 2.08–2.65), and VLNS (aOR 6.45, 5.81–7.16) were associated with increasingly higher odds of subsequent VLNS, whereas a previously undetectable VL (aOR 1.08, 0.99–1.71) on TLD was not. Conclusions: :Despite increased odds of subsequent VLNS, most PLHIV with detectable viremia on TLD, including those with VF, will resuppress to an undetectable VL without a regimen change. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFung, Kelly; Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia; Zash, Rebecca; Chadwick, Ellen G.; Van Dyke, Russell B.; Broadwell, Carly; Jao, Jennifer; Powis, Kathleen; Yee, Lynn M.; Williams, Paige L.; for the Pediatrics HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)
AIDS, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Objective: To characterize associations of exposure to newer antiretroviral medications in the first trimester with congenital anomalies among infants born to persons with HIV in the United States. Design: Longitudinal cohort of infants born 2012–2022 to pregnant persons with HIV enrolled in the Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study. Methods: First-trimester exposures to newer ARVs were abstracted from maternal medical records. Trained site staff conducted physical exams and abstracted congenital anomalies from infant medical records. Investigators classified anomalies using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program classification system. The prevalence of major congenital anomalies identified by age one year was estimated for infants exposed and unexposed to each ARV. Generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of major congenital anomalies for each ARV exposure, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of 2034 infants, major congenital anomalies were identified in 135 (6.6%; 95% CI: 5.6%-7.8%). Cardiovascular (n = 43) and musculoskeletal (n = 37) anomalies were the most common. Adjusted ORs (95% CI) of congenital anomalies were 1.03 (0.62–1.72) for darunavir, 0.91 (0.46–1.81) for raltegravir, 1.04 (0.58–1.85) for rilpivirine, 1.31 (0.71–2.41) for elvitegravir, 0.76 (0.37–1.57) for dolutegravir, and 0.34 (0.05–2.51) for bictegravir, compared to those unexposed to each specific ARV. Findings were similar after adjustment for nucleoside/nucleotide backbones. Conclusions: The odds of congenital anomalies among infants with first-trimester exposure to newer ARVs did not differ substantially from those unexposed to these specific ARVs, which is reassuring. Continued evaluation of these ARVs with larger studies will be needed to confirm these findings. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHwang, Y. Joseph; Lesko, Catherine R.; Brown, Todd T.; Alexander, G. Caleb; Zalla, Lauren C.; Keruly, Jeanne C.; Snow, LaQuita N.; Pytell, Jarratt D.; Falade-Nwulia, Oluwaseun; Jones, Joyce L.; Moore, Richard D.; Fojo, Anthony T.
AIDS, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Objective: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) are associated with weight gain in people with HIV (PWH), but their impact on diabetes is unclear. We evaluated the association between switching from nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) or protease inhibitors (PI) to INSTI and incident diabetes. Design: Longitudinal cohort study Methods: We included PWH aged ≥18 years from the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort (2007–2023) without history of diabetes who had used NNRTI or PI for ≥180 days. We followed participants up to 10 years from HIV primary care visits where they switched to INSTI or continued NNRTI or PI. We estimated the hazard of incident diabetes associated with switching to INSTI using weighted Cox regression with robust variance estimator. Results: We included 2,075 PWH who attended 22,116 visits where they continued NNRTI or PI and 631 visits where they switched to INSTI. Switching to INSTI was associated with a weighted hazard ratio (wHR) of 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–1.59) for incident diabetes. The association if no weight gain occurred during the first two years was not qualitatively different (wHR 1.22; 95% CI, 0.82–1.80). In a posthoc analysis, switching to INSTI conferred a significant wHR of 1.79 (95% CI, 1.13–2.84) for diabetes within the first two years but not after. Conclusions: Switching from NNRTI or PI to INSTI did not significantly increase overall diabetes incidence in PWH, although there may be elevated risk in the first two years. These findings can inform considerations when switching to INSTI-based regimens. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKohler, Pamela; Larsen, Anna; Abuna, Felix; Owiti, George; Sila, Joseph; Owens, Tamara; Kemunto, Valerie; Lagat, Harrison; Vera, Melissa; Richardson, Barbra A.; Wilson, Kate; Pintye, Jillian; John-Stewart, Grace; Kinuthia, John
AIDS, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Objective: To evaluate effectiveness of a standardized patient actor (SP) training intervention to improve quality of PrEP services for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in Kenya. Design: Cluster randomized trial and mystery shopper evaluation. Methods: Twelve of 24 maternal child health and family planning facilities were randomized to SP training. Providers at intervention facilities participated in 2-day training in adolescent health, PrEP guidelines, values clarification, and communication skills, followed by role-playing and de-briefing with trained actors. Control facilities received standard national training. The primary outcome was quality of care, assessed by unannounced SPs (USPs) or “mystery shoppers” blinded to intervention arm. Quality was measured in two domains: guideline adherence and communication skills. Intent to treat analysis compared post-intervention quality scores by randomization arm, clustering on facility, and adjusting for baseline scores and USP. Results: Overall, 232 providers consented to USP visits, and 94 providers completed the training. Following training, USPs posed as AGYW seeking PrEP in 142 encounters (5–6 encounters per site). The mean quality score was 73.6% at intervention sites and 58.4% at control sites [adjusted mean difference=15.3, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 9.4–21.1, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMazzitelli, Maria; Cozzolino, Claudia; Gasparini, Gianluca; Chiaro, Eleonora; Brazzale, Camilla; Mancino, Flavia; Mingardo, Sara; Sasset, Lolita; Leoni, Davide; Baldo, Vincenzo; Favaro, Angela; Cattelan, Annamaria
AIDS, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Objective: Binge eating (BE) is a mental health disorder related to weight gain (WG), whose prevalence/correlation with weight excess in people with HIV (PWH) have been scarcely investigated. Design: A cross-sectional study of PWH who underwent the validated Binge eating scale (BES) questionnaire. Methods: We included adult PWH during routine visits from October 2022 to February 2023. The BES questionnaire was administered with the support of a psychiatrist (score
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBunge, Jeroen J. H.; Mariani, Silvia; Meuwese, Christiaan; van Bussel, Bas C. T.; Di Mauro, Michele; Wiedeman, Dominik; Saeed, Diyar; Pozzi, Matteo; Loforte, Antonio; Boeken, Udo; Samalavicius, Robertas; Bounader, Karl; Hou, Xiaotong; Buscher, Hergen; Salazar, Leonardo; Meyns, Bart; Herr, Daniel; Matteucci, Sacha; Sponga, Sandro; MacLaren, Graeme; Russo, Claudio; Formica, Francesco; Sakiyalak, Pranya; Fiore, Antonio; Camboni, Daniele; Raffa, Giuseppe Maria; Diaz, Rodrigo; Wang, I-wen; Jung, Jae-Seung; Belohlavek, Jan; Pellegrino, Vin; Bianchi, Giacomo; Pettinari, Matteo; Barbone, Alessandro; Garcia, José P.; Shekar, Kiran; Whitman, Glenn J. R.; Gommers, Diederik; Dos Reis Miranda, Dinis; Lorusso, Roberto; on behalf of the Post-Cardiotomy Extracorporeal Life Support (PELS-1) Investigators
Critical Care Medicine, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Objectives: Most post-cardiotomy (PC) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) runs last less than 7 days. Studies on the outcomes of longer runs have provided conflicting results. This study investigates patient characteristics and short- and long-term outcomes in relation to PC ECMO duration, with a focus on prolonged (> 7 d) ECMO. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting: Thirty-four centers from 16 countries between January 2000 and December 2020. Patients: Adults requiring post PC ECMO between 2000 and 2020. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Characteristics, in-hospital, and post-discharge outcomes were compared among patients categorized by ECMO duration. Survivors and nonsurvivors were compared in the subgroup of patients with ECMO duration greater than 7 days. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Two thousand twenty-one patients were included who required PC ECMO for 0–3 days (n = 649 [32.1%]), 4–7 days (n = 776 [38.3%]), 8–10 days (n = 263 [13.0%]), and greater than 10 days (n = 333 [16.5%]). There were no major differences in the investigated preoperative and procedural characteristics among ECMO duration groups. However, the longer ECMO duration category was associated with multiple complications including bleeding, acute kidney injury, arrhythmias, and sepsis. Hospital mortality followed a U-shape curve, with lowest mortality in patients with ECMO duration of 4–7 days (n = 394, 50.8%) and highest in patients with greater than 10 days ECMO support (n = 242, 72.7%). There was no significant difference in post-discharge survival between ECMO duration groups. In patients with ECMO duration greater than 7 days, age, comorbidities, valvular diseases, and complex procedures were associated with nonsurvival. Conclusions: Nearly 30% of PC ECMO patients were supported for greater than 7 days. In-hospital mortality increased after 7 days of support, especially in patients undergoing valvular and complex surgery, or who had complications, although the long-term post-discharge prognosis was comparable to PC ECMO patients with shorter support duration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYixue Sun Yanting Zhu Pengju Zhang Shouzhi Sheng Zhenhong Guan Yanlong Cong a Department of Policies and Regulations, Changchun University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinab State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Chinac Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Cynthia Y. Tang Cheng Gao Kritika Prasai Tao Li Shreya Dash Jane A. McElroy Jun Hang Xiu-Feng Wan a Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAb Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAc Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAd Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAe Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAf Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USAg Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Franziska KaiserNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, Dylan H. MorrisUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Arthur Wickenhagen, Reshma Mukesh, Shane Gallogly, Kwe Claude Yinda, and Emmie de WitNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, James O. Lloyd-SmithUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Vincent J. MunsterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT vincent.munster@nih.gov
New England Journal of Medicine, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Malaria Journal, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Background Malaria is a critical public health concern in Ethiopia, with significant socioeconomic consequences. Malaria data trend analysis is essential for understanding transmission patterns and adopting evidence-based malaria control measures. The purpose of this study was to determine the 5 year distribution of malaria in North Shewa zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, in 2023. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to analyse the 5 year trend of malaria surveillance data in the North Shewa zone of the Amhara regional, Ethiopia, spanning from July 2018 to June 2023. The malaria indicator data were gathered from the zone’s public health emergency management database. Malaria data from the previous 5 years was collected, compiled, processed, and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2019. Results Among a total of 434,110 suspected cases 47,889 (11.03%) cases were confirmed as malaria, with an average annual malaria incidence rate of 4.4 per 1000 population in the Zone. Malaria cases exhibited an increase from Epidemiological Week (Epi week) 37 to Epi week 49 (September to November) and again from Epi week 22 to week 30 (May to July). Individuals aged 15 and above, and all districts in the Zone except Angolela were notably affected by malaria. Conclusion Despite implementing various measures to reduce malaria incidence, the disease continues to persist in the zone. Therefore, the Zone Health Department should intensify its preventive and control efforts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence rates of infection and islet autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. Methods 1050 children aged 4 to 7 months with an elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were recruited from Germany, Poland, Sweden, Belgium and the UK. Reported infection episodes and islet autoantibody development were monitored until age 40 months from February 2018 to February 2023. Results The overall infection rate was 311 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 304–318) per 100 person years. Infection rates differed by age, country, family history of type 1 diabetes, and period relative to the pandemic. Total infection rates were 321 per 100 person-years (95% CI 304–338) in the pre-pandemic period (until February 2020), 160 (95% CI 148–173) per 100 person-years in the first pandemic year (March 2020—February 2021; P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFei Wang, Xinyi Shao, Binghao Bao, Yixuan Yang, Yu Wang, Jing Zhang, Siqi Wang, Yongmei Chen, Daishu Han
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Hyejun Kim, Seoyeon Kyung, Jaeyu Park, Hojae Lee, Myeongcheol Lee, Lee Smith, Masoud Rahmati, Ju‐Young Shin, Jiseung Kang, Louis Jacob, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Sang Youl Rhee, Jinseok Lee, Hyeon Jin Kim, Hayeon Lee, Dong Keon Yon
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Baptiste Demey, Aurélien Aubry, Véronique Descamps, Virginie Morel, My Hanh Hillary Le, Claire Presne, François Brazier, François Helle, Etienne Brochot
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Arianna Ceruti, Martin Faye, Moussa M. Diagne, Rea M. Kobialka, Sheila Makiala‐Mandanda, Ousmane Faye, Oumar Faye, Ahmed A. El Wahed, Manfred Weidmann
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Ruth Aguilar, Alfons Jiménez, Rebeca Santano, Marta Vidal, Oumou Maiga‐Ascofare, Ricardo Strauss, Joseph Bonney, Melvin Agbogbatey, Odin Goovaerts, Eric E. A. Boham, Evan A. Adu, Inocencia Cuamba, Anna Ramírez‐Morros, Sheetij Dutta, Evelina Angov, Bin Zhan, Luis Izquierdo, Pere Santamaria, Alfredo Mayor, Joaquim Gascón, Anna Ruiz‐Comellas, Luis M. Molinos‐Albert, John H. Amuasi, Anthony A.‐A. Awuah, Wim Adriaensen, Carlota Dobaño, Gemma Moncunill
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Chau Quang, Amy W. Chung, Troy J. Kemp, Tupou Ratu, Evelyn Tuivaga, Fiona M. Russell, Paul V. Licciardi, Zheng Q. Toh
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Zekun Wang, Shaojun Pei, Haoliang Cui, Jianyi Zhang, Zhongwei Jia
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Peiru Shi, Rong Wang, Enmei Liu, Yu Deng
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Augustine Asare Boadu, Michelle Yeboah-Manu, Stephen Osei-Wusu, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is substantial, and these diseases disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations, including people living in poverty, malnourished individuals, and the aged. TB remains a significant global health challenge despite sustained efforts to prevent, detect, and treat the disease [1]. It is the 13th cause of death worldwide and the deadliest infectious disease after COVID-19, and experts predict that if not controlled, it will become the world\'s number one cause of death [1,2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Background Early diagnosis of HIV infection decreases the time from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression and reduces further HIV transmission. The Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS (2021 edition) state that an HIV RNA level > 5,000 copies/mL is the threshold for diagnosing HIV infection. The impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis needs to be investigated. Methods There were 3455 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1 + 2) antibody results (immunoblotting method) and 65,129 HIV viral load values at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2019 to 2022. A total of 2434 patients had both antibody confirmatory results and viral load results. The confirmatory antibody results and HIV viral load results of 2434 patients were analyzed to investigate the impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis. Results Of the 2434 patients who had both confirmatory antibody results and viral load results, the viral load values of 140 patients (5.8%) had viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 5,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result, and of these 140 patients, the sample receipt time for the viral load tests of 96 (66.7%) individuals was 1 to 6 days earlier than the corresponding sample receipt time for the confirmatory antibody test. In addition, 34 patients (1.4%) had low viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 1,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result. Conclusion This study revealed that there is a risk of missed diagnosis if a threshold of 5000 copies/mL is used for the diagnosis of HIV infection. These data provide valuable information for the early diagnosis of HIV infection, and our findings have potential benefits for decreasing HIV transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAgustina Taglialegna
Nat Rev Microbiol, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Casey Middleton and Daniel B. Larremore
Science Advances, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Paul Adepoju
Nature, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Background Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are increasingly faced with the challenge of caring for patients with terminal illnesses or incurable infections.Methods This was a retrospective cohort of all patients with an ID consult within an academic health system 1/1/2014 - 12/31/2023, including community, general, and transplant ID consult services.Results There were 60,820 inpatient ID consults (17,235 community, 29,999 general, and 13,586 transplant) involving 37,848 unique patients. The number of consults increased by 94% and the rate rose from 5.0 to 9.9 consults per 100 inpatients (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Background Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is recommended for persons at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but remains underutilized. Information on which eligible groups are likely to benefit from treatment is needed.Methods We conducted a target trial emulation study in the Veterans Health Administration comparing nirmatrelvir–ritonavir treated versus matched untreated veterans at risk for severe COVID-19 who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from April 2022 through March 2023. We measured incidence of any hospitalization or all-cause mortality at 30 days. Outcomes were measured for the entire cohort, as well as among subgroups defined by 30-day risk of death or hospitalization, estimated using an ensemble risk prediction model.Results Participants were 87% male with median age 66 years and 16% unvaccinated. Compared with matched untreated participants, those treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (n = 24 205) had a lower 30-day risk for hospitalization (1.80% vs 2.30%; risk difference [RD], −0.50% points [95% confidence interval {CI}: −.69 to −.35]) and death (0.11% vs 0.30%; RD, −0.20 [95% CI: −.24 to −.13]). The greatest reductions in combined hospitalization or death were observed in the highest risk quartile (RD −2.85 [95% CI: −3.94 to −1.76]), immunocompromised persons (RD −1.91 [95% CI: −3.09 to −.74]), and persons aged ≥75 years (RD −1.16 [95% CI: −1.73 to −.59]). No reductions were observed in the 2 lowest risk quartiles or persons younger than 65 years.Conclusions Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was effective in reducing 30-day hospitalization and death in older veterans, those at highest predicted risk for severe outcomes, and immunocompromised groups. Benefit was not observed in younger veterans or groups at lower predicted risk for hospitalization and death.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFengjuan Tian Jing Li Yang Liu Wenli Liu Yue Liu Shan Xu Yigang Tong Fumin Feng a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People’s Republic of Chinac Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
The PLOS ONE Staff
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Laura P. Chen, Kristina Singh-Verdeflor, Michelle M. Kelly, Daniel J. Sklansky, Kristin A. Shadman, M. Bruce Edmonson, Qianqian Zhao, Gregory P. DeMuri, Ryan J. Coller
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Laura P. Chen, Kristina Singh-Verdeflor, Michelle M. Kelly, Daniel J. Sklansky, Kristin A. Shadman, M. Bruce Edmonson, Qianqian Zhao, Gregory P. DeMuri, Ryan J. Coller Objectives Children with medical complexity experienced health disparities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Language may compound these disparities since people speaking languages other than English (LOE) also experienced worse COVID-19 outcomes. Our objective was to investigate associations between household language for children with medical complexity and caregiver COVID-19 vaccine intentions, testing knowledge, and trusted sources of information. Methods This cross-sectional survey of caregivers of children with medical complexity ages 5 to 17 years was conducted from April-June 2022. Children with medical complexity had at least 1 Complex Chronic Condition. Households were considered LOE if they reported speaking any language other than English. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between LOE and COVID-19 vaccine intentions, interpretation of COVID-19 test results, and trusted sources of information. Results We included 1,338 caregivers of children with medical complexity (49% response rate), of which 133 (10%) had household LOE (31 total languages, 58% being Spanish). There was no association between household LOE and caregiver COVID-19 vaccine intentions. Caregivers in households with LOE had similar interpretations of positive COVID-19 test results, but significantly different interpretations of negative results. Odds of interpreting a negative test as expected (meaning the child does not have COVID-19 now or can still get the virus from others) were lower in LOE households (aOR [95% CI]: 0.56 [0.34–0.95]). Households with LOE were more likely to report trusting the US government to provide COVID-19 information (aOR [95% CI]: 1.86 [1.24–2.81]). Conclusion Differences in COVID-19 test interpretations based on household language for children with medical complexity were observed and could contribute to disparities in outcomes. Opportunities for more inclusive public health messaging likely exist.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuan Yang, Hualong Fang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Juan Yang, Hualong Fang In the digital era, the integration of technology within business processes is pivotal for organizational efficiency. This study investigates the impact of IT characteristics-specifically IT representation, IT reach, and monitoring capability-on the virtualizability of business processes, utilizing the frameworks of Embodied Social Presence Theory (ESPT) and Process Virtualization Theory (PVT). Our objective is to explore how these IT characteristics, through the mediation of embodied co-presence, enhance business process virtualizability in the context of collaborative tools. Addressing a gap in existing literature, we propose that beyond facilitating virtualization, IT characteristics deeply influence virtual processes by integrating human-centric experiences of co-presence. To examine this, we analyzed data from 311 Korean employees with remote work experience during the COVID-19 pandemic using Smart-PLS 4. Our findings indicate that IT representation and IT reach significantly contribute to business process virtualizability, mediated by embodied co-presence. Surprisingly, monitoring capability did not significantly affect either embodied co-presence or process virtualizability, challenging initial assumptions. This study bridges ESPT and PVT to offer new insights into the roles of IT characteristics in process virtualization, highlighting the importance of human-centric IT design. The results provide valuable guidance for businesses and developers of collaborative tools, underscoring the need to enhance virtual work environments through technology that fosters a sense of presence and collaboration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDuanyi Song, Xuefang Tang, Juan Du, Kang Tao, Yun Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Duanyi Song, Xuefang Tang, Juan Du, Kang Tao, Yun Li Background and objective Pulmonary fibrosis caused by lung injury is accompanied by varying degrees of inflammation, and diazepam can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether diazepam can inhibit inflammation and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the let-7a-5p/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) axis. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce cell pyroptosis in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. After treatment with diazepam, changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed, and the occurrence of inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in the mice was detected. Results The results showed that LPS can successfully induce cell pyroptosis and inflammatory responses and cause lung fibrosis in mice. Diazepam inhibits the expression of pyroptosis-related factors and inflammatory factors; moreover, it attenuates the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, diazepam can upregulate the expression of let-7a-5p, inhibit the expression of MYD88, and reduce inflammation and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the let-7a-5p/MYD88 axis. Conclusion Our findings indicated that diazepam can inhibit LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammatory responses and alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating the let-7a-5p/MYD88 axis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShannon H. Romer, Kaitlyn M. Miller, Martha J. Sonner, Victoria T. Ethridge, Nathan M. Gargas, Joyce G. Rohan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Shannon H. Romer, Kaitlyn M. Miller, Martha J. Sonner, Victoria T. Ethridge, Nathan M. Gargas, Joyce G. Rohan Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide associated with numerous health effects including motor performance decrements. While many studies have focused on the health effects following acute chlorpyrifos poisonings, almost no studies have examined the effects on motoneurons following occupational-like exposures. The main objective of this study was to examine the broad effects of repeated occupational-like chlorpyrifos exposures on spinal motoneuron soma size relative to motor activity. To execute our objective, adult rats were exposed to chlorpyrifos via oral gavage once a day, five days a week for two weeks. Chlorpyrifos exposure effects were assessed either three days or two months following the last exposure. Three days following the last repeated chlorpyrifos exposure, there were transient effects in open-field motor activity and plasma cholinesterase activity levels. Two months following the chlorpyrifos exposures, there were delayed effects in sensorimotor gating, pro-inflammatory cytokines and spinal lumbar motoneuron soma morphology. Overall, these results offer support that subacute repeated occupational-like chlorpyrifos exposures have both short-term and longer-term effects in motor activity, inflammation, and central nervous system mechanisms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQiuye Xia, Xiaoling Qiu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Qiuye Xia, Xiaoling Qiu In this study, we propose a stochastic SEIQR infectious disease model driven by Lévy noise. Firstly, we study the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the model by using the stop-time. Secondly, the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic system at disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are discussed. Then, the sufficient condition for persistence under the time mean is studied. Finally, our theoretical results are verified by numerical simulation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Albert C. Yeh, Motoko Koyama, Olivia G. Waltner, Simone A. Minnie, Julie R. Boiko, Tamer B. Shabaneh, Shuichiro Takahashi, Ping Zhang, Kathleen S. Ensbey, Christine R. Schmidt, Samuel R.W. Legg, Tomoko Sekiguchi, Ethan Nelson, Shruti S. Bhise, Andrew R. Stevens, Tracy Goodpaster, Saranya Chakka, Scott N. Furlan, Kate A. Markey, Marie E. Bleakley
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYekaterina O. OstapchukAnzhelika V. LushovaSofia A. KanNurshat AbdollaAikyn KaliRaikhan TleulievaAnastassiya V. PerfilyevaYuliya V. Perfilyeva1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan2Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan3ECO-Consulting LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan4Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan5Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, KazakhstanJeroen P. J. Saeij
Infection and Immunity, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Infection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence rates of infection and islet autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. Methods 1050 children aged 4 to 7 months with an elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were recruited from Germany, Poland, Sweden, Belgium and the UK. Reported infection episodes and islet autoantibody development were monitored until age 40 months from February 2018 to February 2023. Results The overall infection rate was 311 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 304–318) per 100 person years. Infection rates differed by age, country, family history of type 1 diabetes, and period relative to the pandemic. Total infection rates were 321 per 100 person-years (95% CI 304–338) in the pre-pandemic period (until February 2020), 160 (95% CI 148–173) per 100 person-years in the first pandemic year (March 2020—February 2021; P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Infection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Older adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have fair baseline functional capacity, yet their age and frailty may compromise their management. We compared the characteristics and management of older (≥ 75 years) versus younger adults hospitalized in ICU with hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (HA-BSI). Methods Nested cohort study within the EUROBACT-2 database, a multinational prospective cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized in the ICU during 2019–2021. We compared older versus younger adults in terms of infection characteristics (clinical signs and symptoms, source, and microbiological data), management (imaging, source control, antimicrobial therapy), and outcomes (28-day mortality and hospital discharge). Results Among 2111 individuals hospitalized in 219 ICUs with HA-BSI, 563 (27%) were ≥ 75 years old. Compared to younger patients, these individuals had higher comorbidity score and lower functional capacity; presented more often with a pulmonary, urinary, or unknown HA-BSI source; and had lower heart rate, blood pressure and temperature at presentation. Pathogens and resistance rates were similar in both groups. Differences in management included mainly lower rates of effective source control achievement among aged individuals. Older adults also had significantly higher day-28 mortality (50% versus 34%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Our objective was to elucidate host dependent factors of disease severity in invasive group A Streptococcal disease (iGAS) using transcriptome profiling of iGAS cases of varying degrees of severity at different timepoints. To our knowledge there are no previous transcriptome studies in iGAS patients. Methods We recruited iGAS cases from June 2018 to July 2020. Whole blood samples for transcriptome analysis and serum for biomarker analysis were collected at three timepoints representing the acute (A), the convalescent (B) and the post-infection phase (C). Gene expression was compared against clinical traits and disease course. Serum chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5, an inflammatory cytokine) concentration was also measured. Results Forty-five patients were enrolled. After disqualifying degraded or impure RNAs we had 34, 31 and 21 subjects at timepoints A, B, and C, respectively. Low expression of the CCL5 gene correlated strongly with severity (death or need for intensive care) at timepoint A (AUC = 0.92), supported by low concentrations of CCL5 in sera. Conclusions Low gene expression levels and low serum concentration of CCL5 in the early stages of an iGAS infection were associated with a more severe disease course. CCL5 might have potential as a predictor of disease severity. Summary Low expression of genes of cytotoxic immunity, especially CCL5, and corresponding low serum concentrations of CCL5 associated with a severe disease course, i.e. death, or need for intensive care, in early phase of invasive group A Streptococcal disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Infection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract This case reports a 14-month-old child with Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS). The child presented generalized scaling erythema accompanied by skin pain, and perioral crusts and fissures and she required hospital admission for antibiotic treatment with intravenous cloxacillin and hidroelectrolyte replacement. SSSS is a blistering skin disorder, mainly affecting children, caused by specific Staphylococcus aureus strains producing exfoliative toxins. It shows erythema in skin folds progressing to blisters within 48 h, often with perioral crusts and fissures. Its diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and it often requires intravenous antibiotics for its treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Ureaplasma urealyticum is a rare pathogen associated with septic arthritis that predominantly affects patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Bacterial identification of fastidious organisms is challenging because they are undetectable by routine culture testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of septic arthritis induced by U. urealyticum infection in Japan. Case description We describe the case of a 23-year-old Japanese female with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia (serum immunoglobulin level
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Background The landscape of Pseudomonas infective endocarditis (IE) is evolving with the widespread use of cardiac implantable devices and hospital-acquired infections. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the emerging risk factors and outcomes in Pseudomonas IE. Methods A literature search was performed in major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) with appropriate keywords and combinations till November 2023. We recorded data for risk factors, diagnostic and treatment modalities. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023442807. Results A total of 218 cases (131 articles) were included. Intravenous drug use (IDUs) and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) were major risk factors for IE (37.6% and 22%). However, the prosthetic valve was the predominant risk factor in the last two decades (23.5%). Paravalvular complications (paravalvular leak, abscess, or pseudoaneurysm) were described in 40 cases (18%), and the vast majority belonged to the aortic valve (70%). The mean time from symptom onset to presentation was 14 days. The incidence of difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR) pseudomonas was 7.4%. Valve replacement was performed in 57.3% of cases. Combination antibiotics were used in most cases (77%), with the aminoglycosides-based combination being the most frequently used (66%). The overall mortality rate was 26.1%. The recurrence rate was 11.2%. Almost half of these patients were IDUs (47%), and most had aortic valve endocarditis (76%). Conclusions This review highlights the changing epidemiology of Pseudomonas endocarditis with the emergence of prosthetic valve infections. Acute presentation and associated high mortality are characteristic of Pseudomonas IE and require aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Most data regarding infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) comes from TAVI registries, rather than IE dedicated cohorts. The objective of our study was to compare the clinical and microbiological profile, imaging features and outcomes of patients with IE after SAVR with a biological prosthetic valve (IE-SAVR) and IE after TAVI (IE-TAVI) from 6 centres with an Endocarditis Team (ET) and broad experience in IE. Methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. From the time of first TAVI implantation in each centre to March 2021, all consecutive patients admitted for IE-SAVR or IE-TAVI were prospectively enrolled. Follow-up was monitored during admission and at 12 months after discharge. Results 169 patients with IE-SAVR and 41 with IE-TAVI were analysed. Early episodes were more frequent among IE-TAVI. Clinical course during hospitalization was similar in both groups, except for a higher incidence of atrioventricular block in IE-SAVR. The most frequently causative microorganisms were S. epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and S. aureus in both groups. Periannular complications were more frequent in IE-SAVR. Cardiac surgery was performed in 53.6% of IE-SAVR and 7.3% of IE-TAVI (p=0.001), despite up to 54.8% of IE-TAVI patients had an indication. No differences were observed about death during hospitalization (32.7% vs 35.0%), and at 1-year follow-up (41.8% vs 37.5%), regardless of whether the patient underwent surgery or not. Conclusion Patients with IE-TAVI had a higher incidence of early prosthetic valve IE. Compared to IE-SAVR, IE-TAVI patients underwent cardiac surgery much less frequently, despite having surgical indications. However, in-hospital and 1-year mortality rate was similar between both groups.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose The worldwide emergence and clonal spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is of great concern. In the present study, we determined the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene repertoire and genomic relatedness of CRAB isolates circulating in Serbian hospitals. Methods CRAB isolates were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the presence of antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes, virulence factors-encoding genes, mobile genetic elements and genomic relatedness. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results Eleven isolates exhibited an MDR resistance phenotype, while four of them were XDR. MIC90 for meropenem and imipenem were > 64 µg/mL and 32 µg/mL, respectively. While all CRABs harbored blaOXA−66 variant of blaOXA−51 gene, those assigned to STPas2, STPas636 and STPas492 had blaADC−73,blaADC−74 and blaADC−30 variants, respectively. The following acquired carbapenemases-encoding genes were found: blaOXA−72 (n = 12), blaOXA−23 (n = 3), and blaNDM−1(n = 5), and were mapped to defined mobile genetic elements. MLST analysis assigned the analyzed CRAB isolates to three Pasteur sequence types (STs): STPas2, STPas492, and STPas636. The Majority of strains belonged to International Clone II (ICII) and carried tested virulence-related genes liable for adherence, biofilm formation, iron uptake, heme biosynthesis, zinc utilization, serum resistance, stress adaptation, intracellular survival and toxin activity. Conclusion WGS elucidated the resistance and virulence profiles of CRABs isolated from clinical samples in Serbian hospitals and genomic relatedness of CRAB isolates from Serbia and globally distributed CRABs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Background This study sought to investigate associations between a virulence factors and phylogeny in all neonatal E. coli bloodstream infections from patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Uppsala University Hospital between 2005 to 2020.Methods A total of 37 E. coli isolates from 32 neonates were whole genome sequenced and analysed for virulence factors related to extraintestinal E. coli, patient-related data were collected retrospectively in the medical records.Results E. coli isolates that belong to phylogroup B2 were associated with mortality (OR 26, p < 0.001), extreme prematurity with delivery before gestational week 28 (OR 9, p < 0.05) and shock (OR 9, p < 0.05) compared with isolates of non-B2 group. Female neonates were more often infected by isolates of phylogroup B2 E. coli compared with male neonates (OR 7, p = 0.05). The identification of the genotoxin determinant clb coding for colibactin exhibited strong associations with mortality (OR 67, p < 0.005), gestational age (OR 18, p < 0.005), and shock (OR 26, p < 0.005).Discussion The study highlighted the correlation between neonatal E. coli bacteraemia caused by phylogroup B2 and the role of colibactin. Moreover, it emphasised sex-based differences in bloodstream infections among the bacterial population of E. coli.
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