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Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Adult-onset immunodeficiency with antibodies to interferon-γ (AOID with AIGA), is a rare, acquired immunodeficiency causing susceptibility to disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria and other intracellular opportunistic infections. The diagnosis depends on demonstrating the presence of endogenous anti-interferon-γ antibodies (AIGA) that suppress Th1 cell mediated immunity. Bioluminescent immunoassays are a newly emerging immunoassay format which utilise the action of bioluminescent enzymes on a substrate for specific analyte detection. In-short, detecting antibodies are conjugated with a bioluminescent enzyme. The detecting antibodies bind the analyte of interest and produce light (luminescence) after addition of a substrate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two newly developed bioluminescent immunoassays using Lumit® (Promega) technology as a diagnostic test for AOID with AIGA. Specific aims included the clinical validation of a new inhibition bioluminescent immunoassay technique to detect AIGA which block detection of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in-vitro and correlation of inhibition bioluminescent immunoassay results with AOID with AIGA disease status. Two bioluminescent inhibition immunoassays were developed. One which adapted an existing kit from Promega (Lumit® Human IFN-γ Immunoassay) and one which was developed in-house. 87 healthy controls and 48 patients with previously diagnosed AOID with AIGA were recruited and tested using these two methods. Results showed both bioluminescent inhibition immunoassays were able to clearly discriminate between AOID with AIGA patients and healthy controls. The mean inhibition percentage between patient groups correlated with disease activity. Both assays appeared to be more sensitive when compared to the existing inhibition ELISA.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Members of the T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) family, which is crucial for T-cell function, are implicated in autoimmunity. TIM-1 and -3 play distinct roles in autoimmunity, with TIM-1 acting as a costimulatory molecule and TIM-3 regulating Th1 responses. We investigated the therapeutic potential of anti-TIM-1 (RMT1-10) and anti-TIM-3 (RMT3-23) antibodies in an autoimmune arthritis model. Zymosan A was used to induce arthritis in female SKG mice. The arthritis scores, histology, mRNA expression, cytokine levels, micro-CT, and flow cytometry results were obtained. The application of RMT1-10 reduced the arthritis scores, histological damage, and CD4+T cell infiltrations, and it suppressed interleukin (IL)-6 and -17A and reduced TIM-3 mRNA expressions. RMT3-23 also lowered arthritis severity, improved histology, and reduced serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17A. RMT3-23 inhibited intracellular TNF-α and IL-6 and early apoptosis. An amelioration of autoimmune arthritis was achieved by blocking the TIM-1 and -3 signaling pathways via RMT1-10 and RMT3-23 administration, leading to a widespread decrease in inflammatory cytokines. Both antibodies exhibited therapeutic effects, suggesting TIM-1 and -3 as potential targets for rheumatoid arthritis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps released by neutrophils are web-like DNA structures adhered to granulin proteins with bactericidal activity and can be an important mechanism for preventing pathogen dissemination or eliminating microorganisms. However, they also play important roles in diseases of other systems, such as the central nervous system. We tracked the latest advances and performed a review based on published original and review articles related to neutrophil extracellular traps and neurological diseases. Generally, neutrophils barely penetrate the blood-brain barrier into the brain parenchyma, but when pathological changes such as infection, trauma, or neurodegeneration occur, neutrophils rapidly infiltrate the central nervous system to exert their defensive effects. However, neutrophils may adversely affect the host when they uncontrollably release neutrophil extracellular traps upon persistent neuroinflammation. This review focused on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms and effects of neutrophil extracellular traps release in neurological diseases, and we also discuss the role of molecules that regulate neutrophil extracellular traps release in anticipation of clinical applications in neurological diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
We read with great interest the recent publication by Preuß et al. on antibodies to beta tubulin 5 (anti-TBB5) in autoimmune liver diseases [1]. The group has previously done extensive work on the potential autoantigenic target of perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), culminating in the likely identification of TBB5 as target of pANCA [2]. Based on the results however, the group now concludes that anti-TBB5 may be elevated in autoimmune liver diseases but is an unlikely target of pANCA.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSchaber, K., Arambepola, R., Schluth, C., Labrique, A. B., Mehta, S. H., Solomon, S. S., Cummings, D. A. T., Wesolowski, A.
BMJ Open, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
ObjectiveWe investigated whether a zip code’s location or demographics are most predictive of changes in daily mobility throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignWe used a population-level study to examine the predictability of daily mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic using a two-stage regression approach, where generalised additive models (GAM) predicted mobility trends over time at a large spatial level, then the residuals were used to determine which factors (location, zip code-level features or number of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in place) best predict the difference between a zip code’s measured mobility and the average trend on a given date. SettingWe analyse zip code-level mobile phone records from 26 metropolitan areas in the USA on 15 March–31 September 2020, relative to October 2020. ResultsWhile relative mobility had a general trend, a zip code’s city-level location significantly helped to predict its daily mobility patterns. This effect was time-dependent, with a city’s deviation from general mobility trends differing in both direction and magnitude throughout the course of 2020. The characteristics of a zip code further increased predictive power, with the densest zip codes closest to a city centre tended to have the largest decrease in mobility. However, the effect on mobility change varied by city and became less important over the course of the pandemic. ConclusionsThe location and characteristics of a zip code are important for determining changes in daily mobility patterns throughout the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. These results can determine the efficacy of NPI implementation on multiple spatial scales and inform policy makers on whether certain NPIs should be implemented or lifted during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and when preparing for future public health emergencies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUllman, A., Takashima, M., Gibson, V., Comber, E., Borello, E., Bradford, N., Byrnes, J., Cole, R., Eisenstat, D., Henson, N., Howard, P., Irwin, A., Keogh, S., Kleidon, T., Martin, M., McCleary, K., McLean, J., Moloney, S., Monagle, P., Moore, A., Newall, F., Noyes, M., Rowan, G., St John, A., Wood, A., Wolf, J., Ware, R.
BMJ Open, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
IntroductionCentral venous access devices (CVADs) are commonly used for the treatment of paediatric cancer patients. Catheter locking is a routine intervention that prevents CVAD-associated adverse events, such as infection, occlusion and thrombosis. While laboratory and clinical data are promising, tetra-EDTA (T-EDTA) has yet to be rigorously evaluated or introduced in cancer care as a catheter lock. Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a two-arm, superiority type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomised controlled trial conducted at seven hospitals across Australia and New Zealand. Randomisation will be in a 3:2 ratio between the saline (heparinised saline and normal saline) and T-EDTA groups, with randomly varied blocks of size 10 or 20 and stratification by (1) healthcare facility; (2) CVAD type and (3) duration of dwell since insertion. Within the saline group, there will be a random allocation between normal and heparin saline. Participants can be re-recruited and randomised on insertion of a new CVAD. Primary outcome for effectiveness will be a composite of CVAD-associated bloodstream infections (CABSI), CVAD-associated thrombosis or CVAD occlusion during CVAD dwell or at removal. Secondary outcomes will include CABSI, CVAD-associated-thrombosis, CVAD failure, incidental asymptomatic CVAD-associated-thrombosis, other adverse events, health-related quality of life, healthcare costs and mortality. To achieve 90% power (alpha=0.05) for the primary outcome, data from 720 recruitments are required. A mixed-methods approach will be employed to explore implementation contexts from the perspective of clinicians and healthcare purchasers. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been provided by Children’s Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (HREC/22/QCHQ/81744) and the University of Queensland HREC (2022/HE000196) with subsequent governance approval at all sites. Informed consent is required from the substitute decision-maker or legal guardian prior to participation. In addition, consent may also be obtained from mature minors, depending on the legislative requirements of the study site. The primary trial and substudies will be written by the investigators and published in peer-reviewed journals. The findings will also be disseminated through local health and clinical trial networks by investigators and presented at conferences. Trial registration numberACTRN12622000499785.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWambua, G. N., Stein, A., Seedat, S., Sijbrandij, M., Baisley, K., Shahmanesh, M., Seeley, J., Ngwenya, N.
BMJ Open, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
IntroductionAdolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) are an extremely vulnerable population, with the burden of mental health problems carefully documented together with the constraints for receiving timely and adequate management of the problems, especially in rural settings. Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a scalable psychological intervention for individuals impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity. Initially developed for adult populations, few studies have assessed its potential to address adolescent distress. This study aims to co-adapt PM+ with an adherence component (PM+Adherence) for ALHIV and to evaluate its acceptability and feasibility in rural Kwa-Zulu Natal Province, South Africa. Methods and analysisWe will use a mixed-methods approach over three phases. The first phase will include a realist synthesis and collection of formative data from up to 60 ALHIV, caregivers and healthcare providers to inform the adaptation of WHO PM+, including the components of an adherence module. During the second phase, we will undertake the cultural adaptation of the PM+Adherence intervention. The third phase will involve a hybrid type 3 implementation strategy among ALHIV aged 16–19 years (n=50) to implement and evaluate the feasibility of the culturally co-adapted PM+Adherence. The feasibility indicators to be evaluated include reach, adoption, attrition, implementation and acceptability of the adapted intervention, which will be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, we will assess preliminary effectiveness using an intention-to-treat approach on HIV-related indicators and mental health outcomes at baseline, end intervention, 2-month follow-up during the 6-month implementation. DiscussionWe expect that the PM+Adherence will be acceptable and can feasibly be delivered by lay counsellors in resource-limited rural KwaZulu-Natal. Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance has been obtained from the University of KwaZulu-Natal Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, (BREC/00005743/2023). Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, peer-reviewed publications and community level.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Background Aminoglycosides have been a cornerstone of the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa for over 80 years. However, escalating emergence of resistance poses a significant challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevailing patterns of aminoglycoside resistance among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Iran; as well as the underlying resistance mechanisms observed in patients referred to Ardabil hospitals. Methods A total of 200 isolates from five hospitals were evaluated. The resistance profiles of P. aeruginosa isolates to tobramycin, amikacin, and netilmicin were determined using the disk diffusion method. The capacity of aminoglycoside-resistant isolates to form biofilms was assessed through a phenotypic assay, and the results were confirmed using the gene amplification technique. The presence of genes associated with aminoglycoside resistance was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the expression levels of genes encoding the MexXY-OprM efflux pump and PhoPQ two-component system (TCS). Results The prevalence of aminoglycoside-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates was 48%, with 94.7% demonstrating multidrug resistance (MDR). All aminoglycoside-resistant P. aeruginosa strains exhibited biofilm-forming capabilities and harbored all the genes associated with biofilm production. Among the nine genes encoding 16S rRNA methylase and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, three genes were detected in these isolates: aac(6’)-Ib (85.4%), ant(2’’)-Ia (18.7%), and aph(3’)-VI (3.1%). Additionally, all aminoglycoside-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates carried mexY and phoP genes, although the expression levels of mexY and phoP were 75% and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion Given the considerably high prevalence of aminoglycoside-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, urgent measures are warranted to transition towards the use of novel aminoglycosides and to uphold vigilant surveillance of resistance patterns.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may lead to serious complications and increased mortality. The outcomes of patients who survive the early disease period are burdened with persistent long-term symptoms and increased long-term morbidity and mortality. The aim of our study was to determine which baseline parameters may provide the best prediction of early and long-term outcomes. Methods The study group comprised 141 patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Demographic data, clinical data and laboratory parameters were collected. The main study endpoints were defined as in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality. The associations between the baseline data and the study endpoints were evaluated. Prediction models were created. Results The in-hospital mortality rate was 20.5% (n = 29). Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors were significantly older (p = 0.001) and presented comorbidities, including diabetes (0.027) and atrial fibrillation (p = 0.006). Assessment of baseline laboratory markers and time to early death revealed negative correlations between time to early death and higher IL-6 levels (p = 0.032; Spearman rho − 0.398) and lower lymphocyte counts (p = 0.018; Pearson r -0.438). The one-year mortality rate was 35.5% (n = 50). The 1-year nonsurvivor subgroup was older (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Background We aimed to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients and to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on their treatment course. Methods Serum 25(OH)D3concentrations were measured in 47 newly diagnosed EPTB patients and 42 controls. Vitamin D-deficient EPTB patients were randomly assigned to receive 50,000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) orally once a week for 6 weeks (total 300,000 IU), followed by maintenance doses of 1000 IU a day besides anti-TB drugs or the first line anti-TB treatment only. Follow up serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were measured after 3 months of starting vitamin D3 supplementation. Both groups were evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and radiological outcomes after treatment. Results Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were significantly lower among TB cases (17.1 ± 5.5 nmol/L) compared to healthy controls (51.8 ± 27.3 nmol/L), and vitamin D deficiency was observed in all EPTB patients (n = 47). Patients in VD3 supplementation group had significantly higher weight gain and serum albumin level at 2 months and end of treatment, higher hemoglobin concentration at the end of treatment, significantly lower CRP and ESR at 2 months and at the end of treatment. In cases with TB pleurisy, a significant higher rate of full resolution of pleural fluid after 6 months of anti-TB treatment and shorter treatment duration were noted compared to the other group. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in EPTB patients, in whom, vitamin D supplementation is a useful adjunctive therapy to anti-TB drugs and improves treatment course.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Introduction Alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the larval forms of Echinococcus multilocularis, is a zoonotic disease affecting the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, kidneys, brain, bones, thyroid, and other organs. Diagnosing AE in a non-endemic area is usually challenging. With the rapid development and increasing application of sequencing techniques in recent years, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has become a powerful tool for diagnosing rare infectious diseases. Case Presentation A 45-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for the presence of pulmonary shadows for more than 3 months. The lung computed tomography (CT) at a local hospital revealed scattered solid and quasi-circular nodules in the left upper lobe, left lower lobe, right middle lobe, and right lower lobe. The largest nodule was located in the dorsal part of the right lung, measuring 2.0 × 1.7 × 1.5 cm. Moreover, abdominal CT revealed one space-occupying lesion each in the left and right lobes. The pathological analysis of the lung biopsy specimen revealed infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils in the alveolar wall and interstitial area. No pathogenic bacteria were observed in the sputum smear and culture tests. There were no parasite eggs in the stool. The mNGS of the lung puncture tissue revealed 6156 sequence reads matching E. multilocularis; thus, the condition was diagnosed as AE. Albendazole 400 mg was administered twice daily, and the patient was stable during follow-up. Conclusion This case emphasizes the role of mNGS in diagnosing AE. As a novel, sensitive, and accurate diagnostic method, mNGS could be an attractive approach for facilitating early diagnosis and prompt treatment of infectious diseases, especially when the infection was caused by rare pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Background There is an increasing disease trend for SARS-COV-2, so need a quick and affordable diagnostic method. It should be highly accurate and save costs compared to other methods. The purpose of this research is to achieve these goals. Methods This study analyzed 342 samples using TaqMan One-Step RT-qPCR and fast One-Step RT-LAMP (Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification). The One-Step LAMP assay was conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity. Results The research reported positive samples using two different methods. In the RT-LAMP method, saliva had 92 positive samples (26.9%) and 250 negative samples (73.09%) and nasopharynx had 94 positive samples (27.4%) and 248 negative samples (72.51%). In the RT-qPCR method, saliva had 86 positive samples (25.1%) and 256 negative samples (74.8%) and nasopharynx had 93 positive samples (27.1%) and 249 negative samples (72.8%). The agreement between the two tests in saliva and nasopharynx samples was 93% and 94% respectively, based on Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Background Sepsis is a frequent cause of admission to intensive care units (ICUs). High mortality rates are estimated globally, and in our country, few studies have reported one-year survival. The objective of this study is to determine one-year survival in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU in Colombia, compared with the survival of patients admitted for other conditions. Methods Retrospective cohort study using administrative databases from the Ministry of Health of Colombia. One-year survival and the adjusted hazard ratio for survival, adjusted for comorbidities included in the Charlson Index, were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model for patients admitted for other causes as well as for those admitted for sepsis. This was then compared with an inverse propensity score weighting model. Results A total of 116.407 patients were initially admitted to the ICUs, with 12.056 (10.36%) diagnosed with sepsis. Within the first year, 4.428 (36.73%) patients died due to sepsis. Age and male gender were associated with an increased risk of death from sepsis, and the covariates associated with one-year mortality were as follows: age over 80 years with HR 9.91 (95% CI: 9.22–10.65), renal disease with HR 3.16 (95% CI: 3.03–3.29), primary tumoral disease with HR 2.07 (95% CI: 1.92–2.23), liver disease with HR 2.27 (95% CI: 2.07–2.50), and metastatic solid tumor with HR 2.03 (95% CI: 1.92–2.15). Conclusion This study revealed a high one-year sepsis mortality rate in the population, associated with variables such as age over 80 years, the presence of renal disease, liver disease, connective tissue diseases, and cancer. Men exhibited higher mortality compared to women.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Introduction Tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) is an infection of the lymph node caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Histological diagnoses of presumptive patients are often accompanied by cytomorphological features. However, the sensitivities of these features are often precluded by the variable degrees of narrative similarities compared to other diagnostic modalities. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the cytomorphological and clinical features of presumptive TBLN patients with bacteriological detection methods. Methods A similar cohort of TBLN patients from our previous study who were enrolled prospectively from the ALERT Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was considered for this analysis. SPSS version 26 was used for data analysis. Descriptive analysis was conducted to characterize the study population using the independent variable and presented with frequency tables. The chi-square test was used to measure the association. A P-value of
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Background Schistosomiasis remains a public health concern worldwide. It is responsible for more than 240 million cases in 78 countries, 40 million of whom are women of childbearing age. In the Senegal River basin, both Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni are very prevalent in school-age children. However, there is a lack of information on the burden of schistosomiasis in pregnant women, which can cause complications in the pregnancy outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of schistosomiasis in pregnant women. Methods We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at the health center of the Senegalese Sugar Company and at the hospital of Richard Toll between August and December 2021. The urine and stool samples collected were examined using microscopy techniques and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the presence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni. The urines were previously tested using urine reagent strips to detect hematuria and proteinuria. Socio-demographical, clinical, and diagnostically data were recorded by the midwife and the gynaecologist. The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results Among the 298 women examined for the infection by microscopic, 65 (21.81%) were infected with urogenital schistosomiasis, 10 (3.36%) with intestinal schistosomiasis, and 4 (1.34%) were co-infected with both types of schistosomiasis. Out of the 288 samples tested by qPCR, 146 (48.99%) were positive for S. haematobium, 49 (35.51%) for S. mansoni and 22 (15.94%) for both species (co-infection). Pregnant women having microscopic haematuria and proteinuria were significantly more infected (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBenjamin E. GewurzGeorge MosialosAlan B. RickinsonSankar SwaminathanaDivision of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115bSchool of Biology, Department of Genetics Development and Molecular Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR54124, GreececInstitute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Emeritus Professor of Cancer Studies, College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United KingdomdDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIrene Lara-SáezÁngeles MencíaEnrique RecueroYinghao LiMarta GarcíaMarta OteoMarta I. GallegoAna Belén EnguitaDiana de Prado-VerdúnSigen AWenxin WangRamón García-EscuderoRodolfo MurillasMirentxu SantosaCharles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin D04 V1W8, IrelandbBiomedical Innovation Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, SpaincCB06/07/0019 Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid 28029, SpaindRegenerative Medicine and Tissue Bioengineering Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid 28040, SpaineCellular and Molecular Genitourinary Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid 28041, SpainfDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Carlos III University, Leganés, Madrid 28911, SpaingBiomedical Applications and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid 28040, SpainhUnidad de Histología, Unidades Centrales Científico Tecnológicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28220, SpainiPathology Department, University Hospital “12 de Octubre”, Madrid 28041, SpainjResearch and Clinical Translation Center of Gene Medicine and Tissue Engineering, School of Public Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, ChinakTumor Progression Mechanisms Program, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Madrid 28029, Spain
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChandramohan NatarajanLinh H. D. LeManojkumar GunasekaranKevin J. TraceyDavid ChernoffYaakov A. LevineaSetPoint Medical, Valencia, CA 91355bInstitute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549dDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549eDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRobyn McConvilleJelte M. M. KrolRyan W. J. SteelMatthew T. O’NeillBethany K. DaveyAnthony N. HodderThomas NeblAlan F. CowmanNorman KnetemanJustin A. BoddeyaDivision of Infectious Diseases & Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, AustraliabDepartment of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, AustraliacDepartments of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJennifer LeeKerry WellensteinAli RahnavardAndrew T. NelsonMarlena M. HolterBethany P. CummingsVladimir YeliseyevAngela CastoldiClary B. ClishLynn BryDionicio SiegelBarbara B. KahnaDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215bDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052cDivision of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093dDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850eDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817fDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616gMassachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115hLaboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, BraziliBroad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQinghua WuNaimeh RafatianKarl T. WagnerJacob BlamerJacob SmithSargol OkhovatianPraful AggarwalErika Yan WangArinjay BanerjeeYimu ZhaoTrevor R. NashRick Xing Ze LuLuis Eduardo Portillo-EsquivelChen Yu LiUros KuzmanovSerena MandlaElizabeth VirleeShira LandauBenjamin Fook LaiAnthony O. GramoliniChuan LiuSharon FleischerTeodor VeresGordana Vunjak-NovakovicBoyang ZhangKaren MossmanUlrich BroeckelMilica RadisicaInstitute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, CanadabToronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, CanadacDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, CanadadDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, CanadaeDepartment of Pediatrics, Section of Genomic Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226fDepartment of Medicine, McMaster University, Toronto, ON L8S 4L8, CanadagVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, CanadahDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027iDepartment of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, CanadajDepartment of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, CanadakTed Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, CanadalMedical Devices Research Center, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, CanadamTerrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, CanadanDepartment of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOlivia M. ManleyTucker J. ShriverTian XuIsaac A. MelendrezPhilip PalaciosScott A. RobsonYisong GuoNeil L. KelleherJoshua J. ZiarekAmy C. RosenzweigaDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208bDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208cDepartment of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611dDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrittany A. PetrosaGenomic Center for Infectious Diseases, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142bHealth Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139cHarvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115dDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHannah Riley KnightEllen KetterTrevor UngAdam WeissJainu AjitQing ChenJingjing ShenKa Man IpChun-yi ChiangLuis BarreiroAaron Esser-KahnaPritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637bBiological Sciences Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 29, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLakshmi E. BatachariAlyssa Y. DaiEmily R. TroemelaSchool of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 29, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTarquin Netherway, Mohammad Bahram
Trends in Microbiology, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Melanized root-associated fungi are a group of fungi that produce melanized structures and form root associations, including different mycorrhizal and endophytic symbioses with plants. They are pervasive across terrestrial ecosystems and play an important role in the prevailing soil carbon (C) and nutrient cycling syndromes through direct and indirect mechanisms, where they may strongly modulate plant–microbe interactions and structure root and soil microbiomes. Furthermore, melanized root-associated fungi can confer on plants an enhanced ability to tolerate abiotic and biotic stressors such as drought, extreme temperatures, heavy metals, and pathogen attacks. We propose that melanized root-associated fungi are a cohesive and ecologically relevant grouping that can be an indicator of plant–soil system functioning, and considering them will advance research on plant–soil interactions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYong Zhang, Diego Abalos, Xiaoli Cheng
Trends in Microbiology, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Despite global yield benefits from the use of nitrification inhibitors (NIs), the uncertainties and limitations surrounding NIs warrant more attention. Understanding the impacts of NIs on the health of organisms, people, and ecosystems is also crucial. Here we present a global budget, current challenges, and future research priorities of NIs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract Research on Escherichia coli DNA replication paved the groundwork for many breakthrough discoveries with important implications for our understanding of human molecular biology, due to the high level of conservation of key molecular processes involved. To this day, it attracts a lot of attention, partially by virtue of being an important model organism, but also because the understanding of factors influencing replication fidelity might be important for studies on the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Importantly, the wide access to high-resolution single-molecule and live-cell imaging, whole genome sequencing, and Cryo-EM techniques, which were greatly popularized in the last decade, allows us to revisit certain assumptions about the replisomes and offers very detailed insight into how they work. For many parts of the replisome, step-by-step mechanisms have been reconstituted, and some new players identified. This review summarizes the latest developments in the area, focusing on (a) the structure of the replisome and mechanisms of action of its components, (b) organization of replisome transactions and repair, (c) replisome dynamics, and (d) factors influencing the base and sugar fidelity of DNA synthesis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSonia T. Hegde, Ashraful Islam Khan, Javier Perez-Saez, Ishtiakul Islam Khan, Juan Dent Hulse, Md Taufiqul Islam, Zahid Hasan Khan, Shakeel Ahmed, Taner Bertuna, Mamunur Rashid, Rumana Rashid, Md Zakir Hossain, Tahmina Shirin, Kirsten E. Wiens, Emily S. Gurley, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Firdausi Qadri, Andrew S. Azman
Nature, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Hanmeng Xu, Kaiyue Zou, Juan Dent, Kirsten E. Wiens, Espoir Bwenge Malembaka, Godfrey Bwire, Placide Welo Okitayemba, Lee M. Hampton, Andrew S. Azman, Elizabeth C. Lee
Nature, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Alix Boisson-Walsh
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
An outbreak of mpox due to a dangerous new subclade in DR Congo is causing international concern, yet no vaccine is available in the country. Alix Boisson-Walsh reports.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet Infectious Diseases
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Searching for “COVID-19 lessons learned” on PubMed gives you 4840 results—a long list of opinion pieces, reviews, and consensus statements telling us what we can learn from our recent pandemic experience. At the same time, 138 dairy herds in the USA have recorded H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has reported an mpox outbreak with 23 626 cases, with little signs that either outbreak will be contained soon. The lack of urgency and scale in the responses to both outbreaks is deeply frustrating and questions whether anything has been learned from the COVID-19 experience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the panel presents twenty-one updated recommendations. These recommendations span risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation. The panel’s recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining cultures of intra-abdominal fluid in patients with known or suspected intra-abdominal infection. The panel’s recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining blood cultures in patients with known or suspected intra-abdominal infection. The panel’s recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute intra-abdominal abscess. The panel’s recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute cholecystitis or acute cholangitis. The panel’s recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute appendicitis. The panel’s recommendations are based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adhere to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Abstract This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides a recommendation for risk stratification according to severity of illness score. The panel’s recommendation is based upon evidence derived from systematic literature reviews and adheres to a standardized methodology for rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOmar De La Cruz Cabrera, Razan Alsehibani
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Chengdong Shi, Hongliang Cao, Guoqiang Zeng, Lei Yang, Yuantao Wang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Chengdong Shi, Hongliang Cao, Guoqiang Zeng, Lei Yang, Yuantao Wang Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common health disorder of the male genitourinary system with a high prevalence, especially among middle-aged and older adults, which seriously affects men’s quality of life. Inflammatory markers derived from complete blood cell count (CBC) have previously been considered a prognostic indicator for various diseases, but little is known about their relationship with BPH. This study evaluated the relationship between complete blood cell count (CBC)-derived inflammatory biomarkers and BPH. Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2008. Using multiple logistic regressions, the study examined the association between benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) and Inflammatory biomarkers derived from blood cell counts such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) and Systemic Immunoinflammatory Index (SII). Results 3,919 participants were included, with a median age of 61.00 (52.00–71.00) years old. Among them, 609 participants had benign prostatic hyperplasia, with a prevalence of 15.54%. Upon accounting for confounding factors, the study revealed a positive correlation between the plurality of BPH PLR and SII. However, MLR, NLR, and SIRI did not significantly correlate with the prevalence of BPH (p>0.05). In contrast to the lowest quartile, higher quartiles of PLR (OR = 1.93[1.38–2.69]) and SII (OR = 1.71[1.22–2.40]) were linked to an elevated risk of BPH. Interaction tests showed that age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and drinking had no significant effect on this positive correlation (p for interaction>0.05). In addition, we found a roughly linear association between SII, PLR, and BPH using smoothed curve fitting. Conclusions According to our research, high levels of PLR and SII are positively linked with an increased risk of BPH in middle-aged and elderly individuals in the United States. The results compensate for previous studies that still need to be validated with larger prospective cohorts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClaudia Kazmirak, Deanna Tollefson, Alexander Lankowski, Hugo Sanchez, Ivan Gonzales, Dianne Espinoza, Ann Duerr
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Claudia Kazmirak, Deanna Tollefson, Alexander Lankowski, Hugo Sanchez, Ivan Gonzales, Dianne Espinoza, Ann Duerr Background In Peru, one-third of transgender women (TW) are estimated to be living with HIV. While TW are recognized as a priority population, their sexual partners are an at-risk hidden population with unmet needs for HIV services. We conducted a study examining the practices and preferences for HIV services among partners of transgender women (PTW), as compared to TW, to better understand the needs of PTW and inform HIV service delivery for them in Peru. Methods Between July-October 2022 we conducted a cross-sectional mixed methods study among PTW and TW in Lima, Peru. Using an explanatory sequential design, we administered online surveys to PTW (n = 165) and TW (n = 69), then interviewed a subset of participants (n = 20: 16 PTW, 4 TW). We quantitatively and qualitatively described PTW practices/perspectives on HIV testing and treatment and compared them to TW practices/preferences; we also compared practices/preferences among PTW based on their relationship with TW. Results Overall, PTW and TW shared similar experiences and preferences for HIV testing/treatment, but fewer PTW reported accessing non-traditional HIV testing options and PTW expressed less strong preferences for HIV services. PTW practices/preferences varied by type of relationship with TWs. Surveys and interviews highlighted a need to prioritize efficiency for HIV testing, eliminate gender/sexuality-based discrimination in healthcare settings, increase privacy when delivering HIV services, and increase awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion PTW identified many aspects related to the location, convenience, and privacy of HIV services as important. Next steps could include a discrete choice experiment to further clarify priorities for HIV services for PTW in Peru.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnita Kukułowicz, Izabela Steinka, Maria Gardocka
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Anita Kukułowicz, Izabela Steinka, Maria Gardocka The growing concern over antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens necessitates comprehensive assessments of its prevalence and associated risks in various food products. The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of Enterococcus spp. in samples of fish purchased at various points of sale in the Tricity region. The selection of products (n = 74) was based on their availability and included both fish caught in the Baltic region and products imported from, Vietnam, China, Norway, and European Union (EU) countries. For bacterial isolation, samples were inoculated into selective broth, and the growth of enterococci was assessed based on turbidity. Positive cultures were confirmed by a change in color in bromocresol purple broth and were isolated on Slanetz-Bartley agar. Bacteria were present in all tested samples regardless of the degree of raw material processing as follows: frozen (F)– 55%, fresh/raw (FS)– 70.6%, thawed (DF)– 30%, smoked (S)– 50%, and the packaging methods, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)– 34.4%, unit packaging (UP)– 75%, and sold in bulk (SB)– 76.9%, with an overall frequency of occurrence of 58.1%. The number of bacteria ranged from not detected to 4.28-log cfu/g, with the lowest mean values for thawed fish and those packed in MAP. Tests conducted on 24 strains isolated from samples showed their varied sensitivity to tetracyclines. Single cases of multidrug resistance of the tested strains were also observed. The conducted statistical analysis did not show statistically significant differences in the count of enterococci based on the origin, degree of processing, or packaging (p < 0.05). Moreover, differences in strain sensitivity to ampicillin were observed. Detected cases of resistance, especially to tetracycline, require careful monitoring and action to limit the health risks associated with resistant bacterial strains in food products.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFumito Morisawa, Yuji Nishizaki, Shuko Nojiri, Hiroyuki Daida, Tohru Minamino, Tetsuya Takahashi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Fumito Morisawa, Yuji Nishizaki, Shuko Nojiri, Hiroyuki Daida, Tohru Minamino, Tetsuya Takahashi Studies have reported that health care professionals experienced a lack of sleep during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and that such lack of sleep and working environment affect their performance. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no study has yet investigated the relationship between sleep duration and working environment among Japanese physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study retrospectively investigated the sleep duration of physiotherapists directly providing physiotherapy to patients with COVID-19 within the red zone and analyzed the association between sleep duration and working environment using logistic regression analysis. Among the 565 physiotherapists studied, the average sleep duration was 6 (6–7) h, and 381 (67.4%) had an average sleep duration of ≤6 h. Less experienced physiotherapists were 1.03 times more likely to sleep ≤6 h, and those in charge of patients with COVID-19 as the supervisor ordered were 0.64 times more likely to sleep ≤6 h. Moreover, physiotherapists with a significant increase in the frequency of internal online meetings and those who had been providing physiotherapy to patients with COVID-19 for >6 months were 2.34 and 2.05 times more likely to sleep ≤6 h, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, two-thirds of the physiotherapists directly providing physiotherapy to patients with COVID-19 slept less than the recommended duration. This study highlights the need for appropriate workload and work hour management for physiotherapists according to their experience and workload, as well as establishing a medical care system that includes work rotation to ensure that the recommended sleep duration is satisfied.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadin Younes, Hiam Chemaitelly, Parveen Banu Nizamuddin, Tasneem Al-Hamad, Marah Abdallah, Hadi M. Yassine, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Gheyath K. Nasrallah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Nadin Younes, Hiam Chemaitelly, Parveen Banu Nizamuddin, Tasneem Al-Hamad, Marah Abdallah, Hadi M. Yassine, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Gheyath K. Nasrallah Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the predominant cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide; however, data on HAV antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) among migrant populations are limited. This study aimed to investigate HAV seroprevalence among Qatar’s migrant craft and manual workers (CMWs), constituting approximately 60% of the country’s population. Methods HAV antibody testing was conducted on stored serum specimens obtained from CMWs during a nationwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) population-based cross-sectional survey between July 26 and September 9, 2020. Associations with HAV infection were investigated through regression analyses. Results Of the 2,607 specimens with HAV antibody test results, 2,393 were positive, and 214 were negative. The estimated HAV seroprevalence among CMWs was 92.0% (95% CI: 90.9–93.1%). HAV seroprevalence was generally high but exhibited some variation, ranging from 70.9% (95% CI: 62.4–78.2%) among Sri Lankans to 99.8% (95% CI: 98.2–99.9%) among Pakistanis. The multivariable regression analysis identified age, nationality, and educational attainment as statistically significant factors associated with HAV infection. Relative to CMWs aged ≤29 years, the adjusted relative risk (ARR) was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03–1.10) in CMWs aged 30–39 years and reached 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10–1.19) in those aged ≥50 years. In comparison to Indians, the ARR was lower among Sri Lankans, assessed at 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.91), but higher among Nepalese at 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.11), Bangladeshis at 1.10 (95% CI: 1.07–1.13), Pakistanis at 1.12 (95% CI: 1.09–1.15), and Egyptians at 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08–1.23). No evidence for differences was found by geographic location or occupation. Conclusions HAV seroprevalence among Qatar’s CMW population is very high, with over nine out of every ten individuals having been exposed to this infection, likely during childhood.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah Zulkifli, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir, Norashikin Mohd Ranai, Khalilah Abdul Khalil
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Sarah Zulkifli, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir, Norashikin Mohd Ranai, Khalilah Abdul Khalil There has been much evidence showing the repercussions of prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure with a postnatal high fat-diet (HFD) on offspring’s health. However, the information on how the interaction between these two variables affects the gut microbiome is rather limited. Hence, we investigated the impact of a postnatal trans fat diet (TFD) on the gut microbiome of offspring exposed to BPA during the prenatal period in an animal model. Pregnant rats were divided into 5 mg/kg/day BPA, vehicle Tween80 (P80) or control (CTL) drinking water until delivery (N = 6 per group). Then, weaned male pups were further subdivided into three normal diet (ND) groups (CTLND, P80ND, and BPAND) and three TFD groups (CTLTFD, P80TFD, and BPATFD) (n = 6 per group). 180–250 g of faecal samples were collected on days 50 and 100 to assess the composition of the offspring’s intestinal flora using next-generation sequencing. The alpha diversity indices of TFD offspring with and without BPA were markedly lower than their ND counterparts (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancesca Bettelli, Daniela Vallerini, Ivana Lagreca, Patrizia Barozzi, Giovanni Riva, Vincenzo Nasillo, Ambra Paolini, Roberto D’Amico, Fabio Forghieri, Monica Morselli, Valeria Pioli, Andrea Gilioli, Davide Giusti, Andrea Messerotti, Paola Bresciani, Angela Cuoghi, Elisabetta Colaci, Roberto Marasca, Livio Pagano, Anna Candoni, Johan Maertens, Pierluigi Viale, Cristina Mussini, Rossella Manfredini, Enrico Tagliafico, Mario Sarti, Tommaso Trenti, Russell Lewis, Patrizia Comoli, Albino Eccher, Mario Luppi, Leonardo Potenza
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Francesca Bettelli, Daniela Vallerini, Ivana Lagreca, Patrizia Barozzi, Giovanni Riva, Vincenzo Nasillo, Ambra Paolini, Roberto D’Amico, Fabio Forghieri, Monica Morselli, Valeria Pioli, Andrea Gilioli, Davide Giusti, Andrea Messerotti, Paola Bresciani, Angela Cuoghi, Elisabetta Colaci, Roberto Marasca, Livio Pagano, Anna Candoni, Johan Maertens, Pierluigi Viale, Cristina Mussini, Rossella Manfredini, Enrico Tagliafico, Mario Sarti, Tommaso Trenti, Russell Lewis, Patrizia Comoli, Albino Eccher, Mario Luppi, Leonardo Potenza Objective We investigated the performance of enzyme linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in high-risk patients with hematologic malignancies. Methods We prospectively enrolled two cohorts of patients undergoing intensive myelosuppressive or immunosuppressive treatments at high risk for IA. ELISpot was performed to detect Aspergillus-specific T cells producing Interleukin-10. Results In the discovery cohort, a derived cut-off of 40 spot forming cells (SFCs)/106 PBMCs has shown to correctly classify IA cases with a sensitivity and specificity of 89.5% and 88.6%, respectively. This cut-off is lowered to 25 SFC when considering the subset of possible IA patients, with sensitivity and specificity of 76% and 93%, respectively. The application of the 40 SFCs cut-off to the validation cohort resulted in a positivity rate of 83.3% in proven/probable cases and a negativity rate of 92.5% in possible/non-IA cases. Adopting the 25 SCFs cut-off, the assay resulted positive in 83.3% of proven/probable cases while it resulted negative in 66.7% of possible/non-IA cases. Conclusions ELISpot shows promises in the diagnosis of IA and the possibility to use two distinct cut-offs with similar diagnostic performances according to patients’ different pre-test probability of infection can widen its use in patients at risk.
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