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Nittaya Panngam, Khanitta Nuntaboot, Nopparat Senahad, Roshan Kumar Mahato
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Olusola Adedeji Adejumo, Firoza Haffejee, Champaklal Jinabhai, Olusoji Daniel
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Esther Nakkazi
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
On Aug 14, WHO declared the worsening mpox situation in Africa a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Esther Nakkazi reports.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSiqiao Liang Hanlin Liang Xuemei Huang Xiaona Liang Ni Chen Rong Xiao Zengtao Luo Quanfang Chen Xinxin Zhong Jingmin Deng Jie Huang Meihua Li Meiling Yang Wen Zeng Haijuan Tang Jing Jiang Shouming Qin Zhen Wei Siyao Wu Yan Ning Ke Wang Fu Cao Jiujin Zhang Qing Wei Chengqiong Xu Honglin Luo Jian Song Pei Li Xiaokai Feng Chenlu Yang Jieping Lei Hongwei Wang Bin Cao Zhiyi He a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Red Cross Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Tuberculosis, Nanning Fourth People's Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People Hospital of Hechi, Hechi, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, People’s Republic of Chinaf Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinag Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinah Infectious Diseases Division, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinai Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaj Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinak Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinal Basic Medical College, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinam Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Xue Zhao Yijing Gu Xiaode Tang Chenyan Jiang Fanghao Fang Wei Chu Lixin Tao Xi Zhang Min Chen Huanyu Wu Youhua Xie Jing Liu Zheng Teng a Virus Testing Laboratory, Pathogen Testing Center, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH/CAMS) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinac Microbiological Testing Department, Shanghai Baoshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinad Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Huangpu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinae Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Fengxian District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Zhuo Quan Jiying Xu Meng Li Changyu Cheng Peierdun Mijiti Qi Jiang Howard Takiff Zhenhuan Ren Qian Gao a Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/ NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Linzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Zhongqi Li Qiao Liu Liang Chen Liping Zhou Wei Qi Chaocai Wang Yu Zhang Bilin Tao Limei Zhu Leonardo Martinez Wei Lu Jianming Wang a Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Institute of Tuberculosis Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of tuberculosis, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of tuberculosis, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Qinghai Province, Xining, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Xiaohu Han Lianhong Zhang Mingxuan Zhang Qing Xin Yongxiang Zhao Ya Wen Hua Deng Jinguo Zhu Qin Dai Mei Han Tianyu Yang Saiji Lahu Feng Jiang Zeliang Chen a Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of Chinab Manzhouli International Travel Health Care Center, Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of Chinac The Sixth People's Hospital of Dandong City, Dandong, Liaoning, People’s Republic of Chinad Tongliao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Qi Ge Pan Chen Yan Cheng Yonghong Xiao a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Peking Union Medical College & Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Brian D. Williamson, Liana Wu, Yunda Huang, Aaron Hudson, Peter B. Gilbert
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
by Brian D. Williamson, Liana Wu, Yunda Huang, Aaron Hudson, Peter B. Gilbert Combination monoclonal broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) are currently being developed for preventing HIV-1 acquisition. Recent work has focused on predicting in vitro neutralization potency of both individual bnAbs and combination regimens against HIV-1 pseudoviruses using Env sequence features. To predict in vitro combination regimen neutralization potency against a given HIV-1 pseudovirus, previous approaches have applied mathematical models to combine individual-bnAb neutralization and have predicted this combined neutralization value; we call this the combine-then-predict (CP) approach. However, prediction performance for some individual bnAbs has exceeded that for the combination, leading to another possibility: combining the individual-bnAb predicted values and using these to predict combination regimen neutralization; we call this the predict-then-combine (PC) approach. We explore both approaches in both simulated data and data from the Los Alamos National Laboratory’s Compile, Neutralize, and Tally NAb Panels repository. The CP approach is superior to the PC approach when the neutralization outcome of interest is binary (e.g., neutralization susceptibility, defined as inhibitory 80% concentration < 1 μg/mL). For continuous outcomes, the CP approach performs nearly as well as the PC approach when the individual-bnAb prediction algorithms have strong performance, and is superior to the PC approach when the individual-bnAb prediction algorithms have poor performance. This knowledge may be used when building prediction models for novel antibody combinations in the absence of in vitro neutralization data for the antibody combination; this, in turn, will aid in the evaluation and down-selection of these antibody combinations into prevention efficacy trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXingguang Li, Nídia S. Trovão
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
by Xingguang Li, Nídia S. Trovão HIV-1 CRF08_BC is a significant subtype in China, though its origin and spread remain incompletely understood. Previous studies using partial genomic data have provided insights but lack comprehensive analysis. Here, we investigate the early evolutionary and spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV-1 CRF08_BC in China and Myanmar using near-complete genome sequences. We analyzed 28 near-complete HIV-1 CRF08_BC genomes from China and Myanmar (1997–2013). Phylogenetic, molecular clock, and Bayesian discrete trait analyses were performed to infer the virus’s origin, spread, and associated risk groups. Based on Bayesian time-scaled inference with the best-fitting combination of models determined by marginal likelihood estimation (MLE), we inferred the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and evolutionary rate of HIV-1 CRF08_BC to be at 3 October 1991 (95% HPD: 22 February1989–27 November 1993) and 2.30 × 10−3 substitutions per site per year (95% HPD: 1.96 × 10−3–2.63 × 10−3), respectively. Our analysis suggests that HIV-1 CRF08_BC originated in Yunnan Province, China, among injecting drug users, and subsequently spread to other regions. This study provides valuable insights into the early dynamics of HIV-1 CRF08_BC through combined genomic and epidemiological data, which may inform effective prevention and mitigation efforts. However, the limited genomic data influenced the extent of our findings, and challenges in collecting accurate risk group information during surveillance were evident.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarolin Bertelmann, Bruno Bühler
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
by Carolin Bertelmann, Bruno Bühler The implementation of biocatalytic steroid hydroxylation processes plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry due to a plethora of medicative effects of hydroxylated steroid derivatives and their crucial role in drug approval processes. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) typically constitute the key enzymes catalyzing these reactions, but commonly entail drawbacks such as poor catalytic rates and the dependency on additional redox proteins for electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the active site. Recently, these bottlenecks were overcome by equipping Escherichia coli cells with highly active variants of the self-sufficient single-component CYP450 BM3 together with hydrophobic outer membrane proteins facilitating cellular steroid uptake. The combination of the BM3 variant KSA14m and the outer membrane pore AlkL enabled exceptionally high testosterone hydroxylation rates of up to 45 U gCDW-1 for resting (i.e., living but non-growing) cells. However, a rapid loss of specific activity heavily compromised final product titers and overall space-time yields. In this study, several stabilization strategies were evaluated on enzyme-, cell-, and reaction level. However, neither changes in biocatalyst configuration nor variation of cultivation media, expression systems, or inducer concentrations led to considerable improvement. This qualified the so-far used genetic construct pETM11-ksa14m-alkL, M9 medium, and the resting-cell state as the best options enabling comparatively efficient activity along with fast growth prior to biotransformation. In summary, we report several approaches not enabling a stabilization of the high testosterone hydroxylation rates, providing vital guidance for researchers tackling similar CYP450 stability issues. A comparison with more stable natively steroid-hydroxylating CYP106A2 and CYP154C5 in equivalent setups further highlighted the high potential of the investigated CYP450 BM3-based whole-cell biocatalysts. The immense and continuously developing repertoire of enzyme engineering strategies provides promising options to stabilize the highly active biocatalysts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJulia Spychała, Agnieszka Tomkowiak, Aleksandra Noweiska, Roksana Bobrowska, Sandra Rychel-Bielska, Jan Bocianowski, Łukasz Wolko, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Marcin Nowicki, Michał Tomasz Kwiatek
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
by Julia Spychała, Agnieszka Tomkowiak, Aleksandra Noweiska, Roksana Bobrowska, Sandra Rychel-Bielska, Jan Bocianowski, Łukasz Wolko, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Marcin Nowicki, Michał Tomasz Kwiatek Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most impactful diseases causing substantial losses in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. In adult plants resistant to Pt, a horizontal adult plant resistance (APR) is observed: APR protects the plant against multiple pathogen races and is distinguished by durable persistence under production conditions. The Lr46/Yr29 locus was mapped to chromosome 1B of common wheat genome, but the identity of the underlying gene has not been demonstrated although several candidate genes have been proposed. This study aimed to analyze the expression of nine candidate genes located at the Lr46/Yr29 locus and their four complementary miRNAs (tae-miR5384-3p, tae-miR9780, tae-miR9775, and tae-miR164), in response to Pt infection. The plant materials tested included five reference cultivars in which the molecular marker csLV46G22 associated with the Lr46/Yr29-based Pt resistance was identified, as well as one susceptible control cultivar. Biotic stress was induced in adult plants by inoculation with fungal spores under controlled conditions. Plant material was sampled before and at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours post inoculation (hpi). Differences in expression of candidate genes at the Lr46/Yr29 locus were analyzed by qRT-PCR and showed that the expression of the genes varied at the analyzed time points. The highest expression of Lr46/Yr29 candidate genes (Lr46-Glu1, Lr46-Glu2, Lr46-Glu3, Lr46-RLK1, Lr46-RLK2, Lr46-RLK3, Lr46-RLK4, Lr46-Snex, and Lr46-WRKY) occurred at 12 and 24 hpi and such expression profiles were obtained only for one candidate gene among the nine genes analyzed (Lr46-Glu2), indicating that it may be a contributing factor in the resistance response to Pt infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnnie Park MosemanChing-wen ChenXiaoe LiangDongmei LiaoMasayuki KuraokaE. Ashley Moseman1Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USADe'Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Malaria Journal, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Background In Malaysia, despite a decline in cases, malaria remains a major public health concern, especially among the vulnerable indigenous people (i.e. Orang Asli) in remote areas. Effective preventive and control measures require an evidence-based understanding of their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP regarding malaria in an indigenous settlement in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods A household-based cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2024 in six Semai sub-ethnic indigenous villages in Pos Lenjang, Kuala Lipis, Pahang. A structured questionnaire was administered to randomly selected individuals (≥ 12 years old) to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics and KAP. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and predictors of KAP were determined using logistic regression. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 267 individuals from 160 households were interviewed. Nearly half had good knowledge (49.4%) and positive attitudes (54.3%) towards malaria, with high practice scores for prevention and control (83.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed higher odds of good knowledge in those aged 40–59 years (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] = 6.90, p = 0.034), with primary (aOR = 2.67, p = 0.015) or secondary education (aOR = 2.75, p = 0.019), and with previous malaria history (aOR = 5.14, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Background Asymptomatic carriage of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) can be prevalent in communities regardless of transmission patterns and can occur with infection of different Plasmodium species. Clinical immunity dampens the inflammatory responses leading to disease symptoms in malaria. The aim of this study was to define the immunological correlates of asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium falciparum in a highly exposed population. Methods 142 asymptomatic Plasmodium-infected individuals greater than 2 years of age without fever (body temperature
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Purpose Lautropia mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic coccus, which has been detected mainly in respiratory sites of immunodeficient patients suffering from HIV or cystic fibrosis. To date, knowledge about the pathogenicity of L. mirabilis is spare due to the small numbers of documented cases. Methods We present a literature review and report the case of a 39-year-old female diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) with IgG and IgA deficiency suffering from a sepsis with L. mirabilis. As no fully closed L. mirabilis genome besides the type strain was available to date, we additionally performed complete genome sequencing of L. mirabilis. Results The patient was admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of fever. Here, we detected L. mirabilis in two different blood cultures. The bacterium was tested susceptible to and treated with meropenem. As the origin of L. mirabilis sepsis, we observed an active periodontitis likely due to impaired IgA levels and mucosal insufficiency as a consequence of CVID. Whole genome sequencing of L. mirabilis revealed several genes important for host cell invasion and intracellular survival of the pathogen. Conclusions Our case highlights the importance of L. mirabilis in immunocompromised patients also in other compartments than the respiratory tract.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Background A considerable number of patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 are affected by persistent multi-systemic symptoms, referred to as Post-COVID Condition (PCC). Post-exertional malaise (PEM) has been recognized as one of the most frequent manifestations of PCC and is a diagnostic criterion of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Yet, its underlying pathomechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Purpose and methods In this review, we describe current evidence indicating that key pathophysiological features of PCC and ME/CFS are involved in physical activity-induced PEM. Results Upon physical activity, affected patients exhibit a reduced systemic oxygen extraction and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these are mediated by dysfunctions in mitochondrial capacities and microcirculation that are maintained by latent immune activation, conjointly impairing peripheral bioenergetics. Aggravating deficits in tissue perfusion and oxygen utilization during activities cause exertional intolerance that are frequently accompanied by tachycardia, dyspnea, early cessation of activity and elicit downstream metabolic effects. The accumulation of molecules such as lactate, reactive oxygen species or prostaglandins might trigger local and systemic immune activation. Subsequent intensification of bioenergetic inflexibilities, muscular ionic disturbances and modulation of central nervous system functions can lead to an exacerbation of existing pathologies and symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVidhu SinghHemraj Nandanwar1Clinical Microbiology & Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, IndiaRyan K. Shields
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Piotr Rzymski, Aliyu Tijani Jibril, Laila Rahmah, Sunny O. Abarikwu, Fareeda Hashem, Abdullah Al Lawati, Fiona McGowan Martha Morrison, Leander Penaso Marquez, Kawthar Mohamed, Amjad Khan, Saima Mushtaq, Kseniia Minakova, Barbara Poniedziałek, Dorota Zarębska‐Michaluk, Robert Flisiak
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Batohi, Nikayla; Shalekoff, Sharen; Martinson, Neil A.; Ebrahim, Osman; Tiemessen, Caroline T.; Thobakgale, Christina F.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) elite controllers (ECs) are a rare subset of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) who control viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may provide a model for a functional cure. We investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells in HIV-1 ECs from South Africa. Methods: Phenotypic (CD69, CD38, CD57, PD-1), functional (CD107a, IFN-γ), and nutrient transporter profiles (glucose transporter 1, CD98) of NK cells from ECs (n=20), viraemic progressors (VPs; n=19), people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) on ART (n=20), and people without HIV-1 (PWOH; n=21) were analysed using flow cytometry. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney U test were used to determine differences among the study groups. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine significant associations. Results: Compared to the other study groups, the percentage of CD69-expressing NK cells was higher in ECs, whereas the percentage of CD38-expressing NK cells was higher in VPs. Percentages of CD69+CD38- NK cells were elevated in ECs compared to VPs (p = 0.003), but were not different to PLWH on ART and PWOH. Differentiation, exhaustion, and metabolic profiles were not different in ECs compared with PLWH on ART and PWOH, however, NK cell function was lower than in PWOH. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that NK cells from ECs have an activated, mature profile with low levels of immune exhaustion and a reduced metabolic phenotype suggesting functional competence. This insight could inform the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies for treating HIV-1. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYvonne Kamau, Mercy Tuwei, Caroline Wanjiku, Kelly Ominde, Mwanajuma Ngama, Jonathan Karisa, Lawrence Babu, Martha Muturi, Mwaganyuma Mwatasa, Jane Adetifa, Charlotte Kern, Urs Duthaler, Felix Hammann, Regina Rabinovich, Carlos Chaccour, Marta Ferreira Maia
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Malaria remains a major public health problem, causing over 249,000.000 million cases globally and claiming over 500,000 lives annually [1]. This disease not only stands as a prominent cause of child mortality and morbidity but hinders economic progress and perpetuates poverty, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Between 2000 and 2015, SSA witnessed a 40% reduction in malaria cases, primarily due to increased donor funding, enabling extensive deployment of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaroslav A. Hubacek, Nadezda Capkova, Martin Bobak, Hynek Pikhart
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection caused global pandemic of COVID-19 disease with nearly 775 million cases and 7 million cumulative deaths worldwide. The Czech Republic was among countries most affected [1], with more than 4.5 mil confirmed cumulative cases and almost 43,500 deaths. (//covid19.who.int, accessed March 07, 2024).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines reduce severe disease and mortality and may lessen transmission, measured by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load (VL). Evaluating vaccine associations in VL at COVID-19 diagnosis in 4 phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled vaccine trials, July 2020 to July 2021, VL reductions were 2.78 log10 copies/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–4.18; n = 60 placebo, 11 vaccine) and 2.12 log10 copies/mL (95% CI, 1.44–2.80; n = 594 placebo, 36 vaccine) for NVX-CoV2373 and mRNA-1273, respectively. Associations were not significant for AZD1222 (0.59 log10 copies/mL; 95% CI, −.19 to 1.36; n = 90 placebo, 78 vaccine) or Ad26.COV2.S (0.23 log10 copies/mL; 95% CI, −.01 to .47; n = 916 placebo, 424 vaccine). Thus, vaccines potentially decreased transmission when ancestral SARS-CoV-2 predominated.Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04470427, NCT04505722, NCT04516746, NCT04611802.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSpinello Antinori, Andrea Giacomelli, Giacomo Casalini, Anna Lisa Ridolfo
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
We thank Dauby and Martin [1] for their comment on our paper regarding the management of adult patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the non-endemic setting [1,2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKumar, R., Rao, D., Sharma, A., Phiri, J., Zimba, M., Phiri, M., Zyambo, R., Kalo, G. M., Chilembo, L., Kunda, P. M., Mulubwa, C., Ngosa, B., Mugwanya, K. K., Barrington, W. E., Herce, M. E., Musheke, M.
BMJ Open, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
IntroductionWomen engaging in sex work (WESW) have 21 times the risk of HIV acquisition compared with the general population. However, accessing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains challenging, and PrEP initiation and persistence are low due to stigma and related psychosocial factors. The WiSSPr (Women in Sex work, Stigma and PrEP) study aims to (1) estimate the effect of multiple stigmas on PrEP initiation and persistence and (2) qualitatively explore the enablers and barriers to PrEP use for WESW in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods and analysisWiSSPr is a prospective observational cohort study grounded in community-based participatory research principles with a community advisory board (CAB) of key population (KP) civil society organi sations (KP-CSOs) and the Ministry of Health (MoH). We will administer a one-time psychosocial survey vetted by the CAB and follow 300 WESW in the electronic medical record for three months to measure PrEP initiation (#/% ever taking PrEP) and persistence (immediate discontinuation and a medication possession ratio). We will conduct in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 18 women, including 12 WESW and 6 peer navigators who support routine HIV screening and PrEP delivery, in two community hubs serving KPs since October 2021. We seek to value KP communities as equal contributors to the knowledge production process by actively engaging KP-CSOs throughout the research process. Expected outcomes include quantitative measures of PrEP initiation and persistence among WESW, and qualitative insights into the enablers and barriers to PrEP use informed by participants’ lived experiences. Ethics and disseminationWiSSPr was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Zambia (#3650-2023) and University of North Carolina (#22-3147). Participants must give written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated to the CAB, who will determine how to relay them to the community and stakeholders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDong, H., Wang, F., Gao, L., Xu, X., Ni, Y.
BMJ Open, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
ObjectivePrevious studies have shown the anti-inflammatory effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the crucial roles of high-sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) and novel inflammatory markers (red blood cell distribution width–platelet count ratio (RDWPCR), mean platelet volume–platelet count ratio (MPVPCR), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and white blood cell–neutrophil ratios (WBCNR)) in several diseases, but scarce data explored the associations of 25(OH)D with hsCRP and novel inflammatory markers. This study aimed to investigate these associations in children. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingChildren in China. Participants10141 children (mean age 14.6 months) were included. Primary and secondary outcome measuresHsCRP, red blood cell distribution width, platelet count, mean platelet volume, neutrophil, lymphocyte and white blood cell were measured. ResultsOverall, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with hsCRP and novel inflammatory biomarkers. In multivariable analysis, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with hsCRP and novel inflammatory biomarkers (Q quartile (Q) 4 vs Q1: 1129.75 vs 2090.99 for hsCRP; 4246.94 vs 6829.89 for RDWPCR; 4863.57 vs 5545.66 for MPVPCR; 4345.76 vs 6507.46 for NLR; 2418.84 vs 2868.39 for WBCNR). Similar results also were observed in stratified analyses by sex (boys and girls). Moreover, serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with elevated inflammation levels. After adjustment for other potential covariates, inverse associations between serum 25(OH)D and elevated inflammation levels were still observed. The corresponding ORs (95% CI) were 0.05 (0.04, 0.06) for hsCRP, 0.13 (0.11, 0.15) for RDWPCR, 0.74 (0.64, 0.85) for MPVPCR, 0.11 (0.09, 0.13) for NLR and 0.57 (0.49, 0.66) for WBCNR in the fourth quartile compared with the first quartile, respectively. ConclusionsGenerally, the graded and inverse associations of serum 25(OH)D with hsCRP and four novel inflammatory markers (RDWPCR, MPVPCR, NLR and WBCNR) were observed. The present study provided further support for the anti-inflammatory effects of 25(OH)D.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRold, L. S., Jensen, A.-M., Arenholt, L., Leutscher, P. D. C., Ovesen, P. G., Hagstrom, S., Sorensen, S.
BMJ Open, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
IntroductionThe human gut microbiota is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which imposes a risk of developing long-term health problems for mother and child. Most studies on GDM and microbiota have been cross-sectional, which makes it difficult to make any conclusions on causality. Furthermore, it is important to assess if a dysbiotic microbiota is passed from the mother to the child, and then being at risk of developing metabolic health problems later in life. The DANish Maternal and Offspring Microbiome study aims to identify gut microbiota-related factors involved in metabolic dysfunction in women with GDM and their offspring. Importantly, the study design allows for early detection of biological changes associated with later development of metabolic disease. This could provide us with unique tools to support early diagnosis or implement preventative measures. Methods and analysisPregnant women are included in the study after the 11–14 weeks’ prenatal ultrasound scan and followed throughout pregnancy with enrolment of the offspring at birth. 202 women and 112 children have been included from North Denmark Regional Hospital and Aalborg University Hospital in Denmark. Mother and child are followed until the children reach the age of 5 years. From the mother, we collect faeces, urine, blood, saliva, vaginal fluid and breast milk samples, in addition to faeces and a blood sample from the child. Microbiota composition in biological samples will be analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared with demographic and clinical data from medical charts, registers and questionnaires. Sample and data collection will continue until July 2028. Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the North Denmark Region Committee on Health Research Ethics (N20190007). Written informed consent is obtained from all participants prior to study participation. Study results will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. The results will also be presented to the funders of the study and study participants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSisay Zewdu, W., Molla Zeleke, M., Ferede, Y. A., Kassie, A. B., Singh, P., Alemu, M. A., Desta, G. T.
BMJ Open, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
ObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence, severity and risk factors of anaemia among adult people living with HIV attending an antiretroviral therapy centre in Woreta Primary Hospital, Woreta town, Ethiopia. DesignHospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study. SettingPublic health facility that provides HIV care in Woreta town. ParticipantsA total of 289 medical records of adults living with HIV/AIDS on highly active antiretroviral therapy from February 2019 to September 2023 at government hospital were reviewed using a systematic sampling method. The data were entered using Epi-info V.7 and exported to SPSS V.23 for data analysis. The data were analysed using bivariate and then multivariate logistic regression models in order to identify variables associated with anaemia. At the 95% CI level, variables having a p value of 10 years (AOR 2.31), CD4 counts 200 cells/μL and avoiding progression of HIV to the advanced WHO clinical stages, suppressed viral load, preventing opportunistic infections and parasitic infestation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Background Although hepatitis B infection is highly endemic in Africa, information on its epidemiology among pregnant women in the region is limited. Therefore, this systematic review provided up-to-date information on the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) infection among pregnant women in Africa. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and African journals online were searched to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 2015, and May 21, 2024, on hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women living in Africa. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the methodological qualities of the included studies. The random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of HBV infection. I2 assessed the amount of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test and a funnel plot. Results We included 91 studies from 28 African countries. The pooled prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Africa was 5.89% (95% CI: 5.26–6.51%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 97.71%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Background The clinical significance of the presence or absence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in pleural effusion in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) children has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the clinical implication of pleural fluid MP positive in children with MPP. Methods A total of 165 MPP children with pleural effusion requiring thoracocentesis were enrolled in this study. They were subsequently divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of MP in pleural effusion, namely positive group (n = 38) and negative group (n = 127). Information on their clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, radiological characteristics and treatment modalities was retrospectively collected from medical chart reviews. Results The length of hospitalization (15.00 (10.75–19.25) vs. 11.00 (9.00–14.00) days, p=0.001) and total course of illness (23.00 (18.00–28.00) vs. 20.00 (17.00–24.00) days, p=0.010) were significantly longer in the positive group than in the negative group. The occurrence of pericardial effusion (23.7% vs. 7.9%, p=0.017), atelectasis (73.7% vs. 53.5%, p=0.027) and necrotizing pneumonia (23.7% vs. 7.9%, p=0.017) were more frequent in the positive group compared to the negative group. The levels of neutrophil percentages (82.35% (75.40%-85.78%) vs. 72.70% (64.30%-79.90%), p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Abstract Background Sepsis remains a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units, and rapid and accurate pathogen detection is crucial for effective treatment. This study evaluated the clinical application of multi-site metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for the diagnosis of sepsis, comparing its performance against conventional methods. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 69 patients with sepsis consecutively admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital. Samples of peripheral blood and infection sites were collected for mNGS and conventional method tests to compare the positive rate of mNGS and traditional pathogen detection methods and the distribution of pathogens. The methods used in this study included a comprehensive analysis of pathogen consistency between peripheral blood and infection site samples. Additionally, the correlation between the pathogens detected and clinical outcomes was investigated. Results Of the patients with sepsis, 57.97% experienced dyspnea, and 65.2% had underlying diseases, with hypertension being the most common. mNGS demonstrated a significantly higher pathogen detection rate (88%) compared to the conventional method tests (26%). The pathogen consistency rate was 60% between plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, and that of plasma and local body fluid samples was 63%. The most frequently detected pathogens were gram-negative bacteria, and Klebsiella pneumonia. There were no significant differences in the clinical features between the pathogens. Conclusion mNGS is significantly superior to conventional methods in pathogen detection. There was a notable high pathogen consistency detection between blood and local body fluid samples, supporting the clinical relevance of mNGS. This study highlights the superiority of mNGS in detecting a broad spectrum of pathogens quickly and accurately. Trial registration Not applicable.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLogan G. KavanaughDebayan DeyWilliam M. ShaferGraeme L. Conn1Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA2Graduate Program in Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA4Laboratories of Microbial Pathogenesis, VA Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA5Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USACorrella S. Detweiler
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Yi Liu, Claudia Blanco-Toral, Gerald Larrouy-Maumus
Trends in Microbiology, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Nucleotide signalling molecules – mainly cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine phosphate (cAMP), bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), and bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) – contribute to the regulation of cellular pathways. Numerous recent works have focused on the involvement of these cyclic nucleotide phosphates (cNPs) in bacterial resistance and tolerance to antimicrobial treatment. Indeed, the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rising global threat to human health, while the rise of antimicrobial tolerance underlies the development of AMR and long-term infections, placing an additional burden on this problem. Here, we summarise the current understanding of cNP signalling in bacterial physiology with a focus on our understanding of how cNP signalling affects AMR and antimicrobial tolerance in different bacterial species. We also discuss additional cNP-related drug targets in bacterial pathogens that may have therapeutic potential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGui Araujo, José M. Montoya, Torsten Thomas, Nicole S. Webster, Miguel Lurgi
Trends in Microbiology, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Virtually all multicellular organisms on Earth live in symbiotic associations with complex microbial communities: the microbiome. This ancient relationship is of fundamental importance for both the host and the microbiome. Recently, the analyses of numerous microbiomes have revealed an incredible diversity and complexity of symbionts, with different mechanisms identified as potential drivers of this diversity. However, the interplay of ecological and evolutionary forces generating these complex associations is still poorly understood. Here we explore and summarise the suite of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms identified as relevant to different aspects of microbiome complexity and diversity. We argue that microbiome assembly is a dynamic product of ecology and evolution at various spatio-temporal scales. We propose a theoretical framework to classify mechanisms and build mechanistic host-microbiome models to link them to empirical patterns. We develop a cohesive foundation for the theoretical understanding of the combined effects of ecology and evolution on the assembly of complex symbioses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaria Luísa Jabbur, Benjamin P. Bratton, Carl Hirschie Johnson
Science, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Conrad Keating
Lancet, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
This is a dangerous time for global health, not least given widespread vaccine disinformation across social media, with the aim of undermining societal trust in life-saving vaccines. Compounding this spread of fake propaganda and its potential to contribute to avoidable deaths are ongoing pandemic threats. In June, 2024, No Time to Gamble: Leaders Must Unite to Prevent Pandemics, a report by Helen Clark and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former Co-Chairs of the influential Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, highlighted two alarming developments: the transmission of highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) into mammals and the emergence of the more virulent clade 1b variant of mpox virus in DR Congo.
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