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Zaniewski, Elizabeth; Skrivankova, Veronika Whitesell; Brazier, Ellen; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Cardoso, Sandra Wagner; Cesar, Carina; Chenal, Henri; Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda E.; Ditangco, Rossana A.; Ebasone, Peter Vanes; Eley, Brian; Euvrard, Jonathan George; Fatti, Geoffrey; Huwa, Jacqueline Madalitso; Lelo, Patricia; Machado, Daisy Maria; Messou, Eugene Kouassi; Minga, Albert Kla; Muleebwa, Joseph; Mundhe, Sanjay; Murenzi, Gad; Muyindike, Winnie R.; Nsonde, Dominique Mahambou; Obatsa, Sarah M.; Odhiambo, Joseph; Prozesky, Hans Walter; Rungmaitree, Supattra; Semeere, Aggrey Semwendero; Seydi, Moussa; Sipambo, Nosisa; Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya; Technau, Karl-Günter; Tiendrebeogo, Thierry; Twizere, Christelle; Ballif, Marie
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Objective: We studied the transition to dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV treatment clinics within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). Design: Site-level survey conducted in 2020–2021 among HIV clinics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We assessed the status of dolutegravir rollout and viral load and drug resistance testing practices for patients on ART switching to dolutegravir-based regimens. We used generalized estimating equations to assess associations between clinic rollout of both first- and second-line dolutegravir-based ART regimens (dual rollout) and site-level factors. Results: Of 179 surveyed clinics, 175 (98%) participated; 137 (78%) from Africa, 30 (17%) from the Asia-Pacific, and 8 (5%) from Latin America. Most clinics (80%) were in low- or lower-middle-income countries, and there were a mix of primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level clinics. Ninety percent reported rollout of first-line dolutegravir, 59% of second-line, 94% of first- or second-line and 55% of dual rollout. The adjusted odds of dual rollout were higher among tertiary-level (aOR 4.00; 95% CI 1.39 to 11.47) and secondary-level clinics (aOR 3.66; 95% CI 2.19 to 6.11) than in primary-level clinics. Over half (59%) of clinics that introduced first- or second-line dolutegravir-based ART required recent viral load testing before switching to dolutegravir, and 15% performed genotypic resistance testing at switch. Conclusions: Dolutegravir-based ART was rolled out at nearly all IeDEA clinics in LMICs, yet many switched patients to dolutegravir without recent viral load testing and drug resistance testing was rarely performed. Without such testing, drug resistance among patient switching to dolutegravir may go undetected. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRuderman, Stephanie A.; Willig, Amanda L.; Cleveland, John D.; Burkholder, Greer; Davey, Christine Horvat; Fleming, Julia; Gripshover, Barbara; Katundu, Mari; Buford, Thomas W.; Jones, Raymond; Saag, Michael S.; Delaney, Joseph A.C.; Crane, Heidi M.; Webel, Allison R.
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Background: Low food security is common among people with HIV (PWH) and is associated with poorer health outcomes. Frailty, an aging-related outcome that is increasingly prevalent among PWH, may be stimulated by low food security. We assessed associations between food security and frailty among PWH. Methods: The Impact of Physical Activity Routines and Dietary Intake on the Longitudinal Symptom Experience of People Living with HIV (PROSPER-HIV) study follows PWH to evaluate how diet and physical activity impact symptoms. We utilized food security and frailty data from PROSPER-HIV Year 1 visits (January 2019 to July 2022) to estimate associations. Food security was measured via the validated two-item Food Security Questionnaire and categorized as Food Secure, Low Food Security, or Very Low Food Security. Frailty was measured with the Fried frailty phenotype, and categorized as robust, prefrail, and frail. We used relative risk regression to estimate associations between food security and frailty status, adjusted for demographic characteristics. Results: Among 574 PWH, nearly one-quarter were women (22%), mean age was 52 years old, 8% were frail, and 46% prefrail. Low food security was reported among nearly one-third of PWH: 13% Low Food Security and 18% Very Low Food Security. Compared with being Food Secure, we found Low Food Security was associated with frailty [prevalence ratio: 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.16–7.62] and Very Low Food Security was associated with both prefrailty [1.48 (1.23–1.78)] and frailty [5.61 (3.14–10.0)], as compared with robust status. Conclusion: Low food security was associated with increased frailty among PWH in this study, suggesting a potential intervention point to promote healthy aging. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Abstract Background An accurate, rapid, non-sputum-based triage test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) is needed.Methods A prospective evaluation of the Xpert-MTB-HR cartridge, a prototype blood-based host-response mRNA signature assay, among individuals presenting with TB-like symptoms was performed in Pakistan and results were compared to three reference standards: Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, bacteriological confirmation (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and/or culture positivity), and composite clinical diagnosis (clinician diagnosis, treatment initiation, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and/or culture positivity). Analyses were conducted both for the entire study cohort and separately in the adolescent and young adult cohort (ages 10-24).Results A total of 497 participants, ages 6-83, returned valid Xpert-MTB-HR results. When a diagnostic threshold was set for a sensitivity of >90%, specificity was 32% (95%CI 28–37) when compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, 29% (95%CI 25–34) when compared to a bacteriological confirmation, and 22% (95%CI 18–26) when compared to a composite clinical diagnosis. However, when evaluating only the adolescent and young adult cohort with a diagnostic threshold set for sensitivity of >90%, specificity was 82% (95%CI 74–89) when compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, 84% (95%CI 75–90) when compared to a bacteriological confirmation, and 54% (95%CI 44–64) when compared to a composite clinical diagnosis.Conclusions While the Xpert-MTB-HR does not meet World Health Organization minimum criteria in the general population, in our study it does meet the minimum sensitivity and specificity requirements for a non-sputum-based triage test among adolescents and young adults when compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra or bacteriological confirmation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Background Post-discharge malaria chemoprevention (PDMC) is an intervention aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized with severe anaemia, with its effectiveness established in several clinical trials. The aim of this study was to better understand factors that would influence the scale up of this intervention, and to identify preferences for two delivery mechanisms, facility-based or community-based. Methods Forty-six qualitative individual interviews were conducted in five sub-Saharan countries amongst malaria key opinion leaders and national decision makers. Findings were analysed following a thematic inductive approach. Results Half of participants were familiar with PDMC, with a satisfactory understanding of the intervention. Although PDMC was perceived as beneficial by most respondents, there was some unclarity on the target population. Both delivery approaches were perceived as valuable and potentially complementary. From an adoption perspective, relevant evidence generation, favorable policy environment, and committed funding were identified as key elements for the scale up of PDMC. Conclusions The findings suggest that although PDMC was perceived as a relevant tool to prevent malaria, further clarification was needed in terms of the relevant patient population, delivery mechanisms, and more evidence should be generated from implementation research to ensure policy adoption and funding.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Purpose Lautropia mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic coccus, which has been detected mainly in respiratory sites of immunodeficient patients suffering from HIV or cystic fibrosis. To date, knowledge about the pathogenicity of L. mirabilis is spare due to the small numbers of documented cases. Methods We present a literature review and report the case of a 39-year-old female diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) with IgG and IgA deficiency suffering from a sepsis with L. mirabilis. As no fully closed L. mirabilis genome besides the type strain was available to date, we additionally performed complete genome sequencing of L. mirabilis. Results The patient was admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of fever. Here, we detected L. mirabilis in two different blood cultures. The bacterium was tested susceptible to and treated with meropenem. As the origin of L. mirabilis sepsis, we observed an active periodontitis likely due to impaired IgA levels and mucosal insufficiency as a consequence of CVID. Whole genome sequencing of L. mirabilis revealed several genes important for host cell invasion and intracellular survival of the pathogen. Conclusions Our case highlights the importance of L. mirabilis in immunocompromised patients also in other compartments than the respiratory tract.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Background A considerable number of patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 are affected by persistent multi-systemic symptoms, referred to as Post-COVID Condition (PCC). Post-exertional malaise (PEM) has been recognized as one of the most frequent manifestations of PCC and is a diagnostic criterion of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Yet, its underlying pathomechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Purpose and methods In this review, we describe current evidence indicating that key pathophysiological features of PCC and ME/CFS are involved in physical activity-induced PEM. Results Upon physical activity, affected patients exhibit a reduced systemic oxygen extraction and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these are mediated by dysfunctions in mitochondrial capacities and microcirculation that are maintained by latent immune activation, conjointly impairing peripheral bioenergetics. Aggravating deficits in tissue perfusion and oxygen utilization during activities cause exertional intolerance that are frequently accompanied by tachycardia, dyspnea, early cessation of activity and elicit downstream metabolic effects. The accumulation of molecules such as lactate, reactive oxygen species or prostaglandins might trigger local and systemic immune activation. Subsequent intensification of bioenergetic inflexibilities, muscular ionic disturbances and modulation of central nervous system functions can lead to an exacerbation of existing pathologies and symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNatthapol Kiatkangwanchon, Jesada Kanjanaumporn, Prem Wungcharoen, Kornvalee Meesilpavikkai, Pawat Phuensan
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
An 18-year-old male presented to our hospital with left nasal mass which progressively increased in size and completely blocked the cavity over 6-month period. On physical examination, the mass protruded from left nostril with total obstruction of left nasal cavity and swelling of left side of nose (figure 1A). Computed tomography showed a homogenous hyperdense soft tissue mass occupying in the left nasal cavity involving left maxillary ostium, sized 7.0 × 1.5 × 2.0 cm with skin thickening and edematous change at left side of nose without bone erosion (figure 2).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatthew J. Akiyama, Yury Khudyakov, Sumathi Ramachandran, Lindsey Riback, Maxwell Ackerman, Mercy Nyakowa, Leonard Arthur, John Lizcano, Josephine Walker, Peter Cherutich, Ann Kurth
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
An estimated 58 million individuals are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) globally [1]. Left untreated, HCV can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Viral hepatitis is in the top ten causes of death globally with 1.3 million deaths in 2022 [2]. Without effective treatment and prevention interventions, 19 million viral hepatitis-related deaths are anticipated by 2030 [3]. Moreover, HCV-related mortality rates are expected to climb for the next two decades, compared to decreasing annual deaths of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) if treatment is not adequately accessible [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Background In sub-Saharan African countries, preventable and manageable diseases such as diarrhea and acute respiratory infections still claim the lives of children. Hence, this study aims to estimate the rate of change in the log expected number of days a child suffers from Diarrhea (NOD) and flu/common cold (NOF) among children aged 6 to 11 months at the baseline of the study. Methodology This study used secondary data which exhibit a longitudinal and multilevel structure. Based on the results of exploratory analysis, a multilevel zero-inflated Poisson regression model with a rate of change in the log expected NOD and NOF described by a quadratic trend was proposed to efficiently analyze both outcomes accounting for correlation between observations and individuals through random effects. Furthermore, residual plots were used to assess the goodness of fit of the model. Results Considering subject and cluster-specific random effects, the results revealed a quadratic trend in the rate of change of the log expected NOD. Initially, low dose iron Micronutrient Powder (MNP) users exhibited a higher rate of change compared to non-users, but this trend reversed over time. Similarly, the log expected NOF decreased for children who used MNP and exclusively breastfed for six months, in comparison to their counterparts. In addition, the odds of not having flu decreased with each two-week increment for MNP users, as compared to non-MNP users. Furthermore, an increase in NOD resulted in an increase in the log expected NOF. Region and exclusive breastfeeding also have a significant relationships with both NOD and NOF. Conclusion The findings of this study underscore the importance of commencing analysis of data generated from a study with exploratory analysis. The study highlights the critical role of promoting EBF for the first six months and supporting children with additional food after six months to reduce the burden of infectious diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDongchang He Xiyue Wang Huiguang Wu Kairui Cai Xiaoli Song Xiaoquan Wang Jiao Hu Shunlin Hu Xiaowen Liu Chan Ding Daxin Peng Shuo Su Min Gu Xiufan Liu a Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Chinac Animal Epidemic Prevention Office, Jiangsu Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinad Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Chinae Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Chinaf Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, Chinag College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Virulence, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Aaron F. CarlinJames R. BeadleJeremy ArdanuyAlex E. ClarkVictoria RhodesAaron F. GarretsonJoyce A. MurphyNadejda ValiaevaRobert T. SchooleyMatthew B. FriemanKarl Y. Hostetler1Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA4Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAMiguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Israel David Duarte-Herrera, Cecilia López-Martínez, Raquel Rodríguez-García, Diego Parra, Paula Martín-Vicente, Sara M. Exojo-Ramirez, Karla Miravete-Lagunes, Lisardo Iglesias, Marcelino González-Iglesias, Margarita Fernández-Rodríguez, Marta Carretero-Ledesma, Inés López-Alonso, Juan Gómez, Eliecer Coto, Rebeca González Fernández, Belén Prieto García, Javier Fernández, Laura Amado-Rodríguez, Guillermo M Albaiceta
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Infective endocarditis is a severe disease caused by the infection of heart valves and endocardium by a pathogenic germ. Incidence of endocarditis in non-selected population is around 15-80 cases per million inhabitants and year, and increases up to 5-10 cases per 1000 inhabitants and year in high-risk groups, such as those with a prosthetic heart valve [1]. In spite of these relatively low incidences, endocarditis remains a major health issue due to its elevated mortality (in-hospital mortality of 20-30% [2,3]) and the associated resource consumption.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNico Bekaan, Oliver A. Cornely, Tim Friede, Jürgen Prattes, Rosanne Sprute, Martin Hellmich, Philipp Koehler, Jon Salmanton-García, Jannik Stemler, Ilana Reinhold
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Candidemia is a life-threatening infection mostly in critically ill patients. Current guidelines recommend treatment for a duration of 14 days after clearance of blood cultures (1). The 14-day treatment duration is based on consensus deducted from a landmark study in 1994 (2). Thereafter, it became a standard by tradition, not by evidence from a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Literature on this subject primarily covers discussions rather than interventional studies assessing shorter treatment durations (Table 1).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlice Raffetin, Joppe W.R. Hovius, Benoît Jaulhac, Anna J. Henningsson, Pierre Tattevin
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
This particularly interesting study entitled “Healthcare-seeking behavior preceding diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: population-based nationwide matched nested case-control study” from Tetens et al. aimed at identifying diagnostic opportunities to enhance the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and shorten the diagnostic delay (1). They conducted a population-based, nationwide matched nested case-control study in Denmark. They included 1,056 cases including clinical data up to 6 months prior to LNB diagnosis, and 10,560 age- and sex-matched controls, between 1 May 2009 and 31 January 2021.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBeth Stuart, Alastair D. Hay
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Antimicrobial resistance remains a global high priority public heath challenge.[1] With around 80% of all health service antibiotics prescribed in primary care [2] and strong evidence that most patients will not benefit, there is an urgent need to identify the minority of patients who could benefit.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with substantial morbidity among infants. This study modelled the potential public health and economic impact of nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, as an immunoprophylactic strategy for all infants in Spain in their first RSV season. Methods A static decision-analytic model of the Spanish birth cohort during its first RSV season was developed to estimate the impact of nirsevimab on RSV-related health events and costs versus the standard of practice (SoP). Spain-specific costs and epidemiological data were used as model inputs. Modelled outcomes included RSV-related outpatient visits, emerging room (ER) visits, hospitalisations – including pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and inpatient mortality. Results Under the current SoP, RSV caused 151,741 primary care visits, 38,798 ER visits, 12,889 hospitalisations, 1,412 PICU admissions, and 16 deaths over a single season, representing a cost of €71.8 million from a healthcare payer perspective. Universal immunisation of all infants with nirsevimab was expected to prevent 97,157 primary care visits (64.0% reduction), 24,789 ER visits (63.9%), 8,185 hospitalisations (63.5%), 869 PICU admissions (61.5%), and 9 inpatient deaths (52.6%), saving €47.8 million (62.4%) in healthcare costs. Conclusions These results suggest that immunisation with nirsevimab of all infants experiencing their first RSV season in Spain is likely to prevent thousands of RSV-related health events and save considerable costs versus the current SoP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Blood transfusion services play a very key role in modern health care service delivery. About 118.5 million blood donations were collected globally in 2022. However, about 1.6 million units of blood are destroyed annually due to transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). There is a very high risk of TTIs through donated blood to recipients if safe transfusion practices are not observed. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with TTIs among blood donors in Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. Methods This study was a retrospective cross-sectional design that involved a review of a random sample of 1370 blood donors registered between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2019 at Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the blood donors. The binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with TTIs. Results The majority of the blood donors were male (80.1%), and the median donor age was 23 years (IQR = 8 years). The overall prevalence of TTIs was found to be 13.8% (95%CI: 12.0-15.6%), with specific prevalences of 1.9% for HIV, 4.1% for HBV, 6.6% for HCV and 2.8% for treponema pallidum. Male sex (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.32–3.36, p-value = 0.002) and lapsed donor type compared to new donor type (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.13–0.87, p-value = 0.025) were found to be associated with TTIs. Conclusion The prevalence of TTIs among blood donors of West Nile region, Uganda was found to be significantly high, which implies a high burden of TTIs in the general population. Hence, there is need to implement a more stringent donor screening process to ensure selection of risk-free donors, with extra emphasis on male and new blood donors. Additionally, sensitization of blood donors on risky behaviors and self-deferral will reduce the risk of donating infected blood to the recipients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Self-medication practices involve the use of medications without healthcare professional requests. The threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused the practice of a fittest to survive action, with the assumption that something is better than nothing. Moreover, owing to the lack of effective treatment for COVID-19, the general public has shifted toward self-medication and symptomatic treatment, with approximately 80% of people stockpiling medication for use during the pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in southwestern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed at selected drug retail outlets in southwestern Ethiopia for 415 community pharmacy clients from July 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select five drug retail outlets on the basis of high patient flows, and we took the study participants until the required quota allotted to each selected drug retail outlet had been filled. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with self-medication. AORs with 95% CIs were used to report associations, and the level of significance was set at P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Bone and joint infections represent a major public health issue due to their increasing prevalence, their functional prognosis and their cost to society. Phage therapy has valuable anti-biofilm properties against prosthetic joint infections (PJI). The aim of this study was to establish the proportion of patients eligible for phage therapy and to assess their clinical outcome judged against all patients presenting with PJI. Method . Patients admitted for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) at a French general hospital between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively included. Eligibility for phage therapy was determined based on French recommendations, with polymicrobial infections serving as exclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into two groups: those eligible and those ineligible for phage therapy. We analyzed their characteristics and outcomes, including severe adverse events, duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy, length of hospitalization, and relapse rates. Results . In this study, 96 patients with PJI were considered in multidisciplinary medical meetings. Of these, 44% patients (42/96) were eligible for additional phage therapy. This group of patients had a longer duration of intravenous therapy (17 days vs. 10 days, p = 0.02), more severe adverse events (11 vs. 3, p = 0.08) and had a longer hospital stay (43 days vs. 18 days, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Previous studies have implicated the role of H. pylori infection in developing the metabolic syndrome. However, findings remain contradictory, and data from developing countries are scarce. Methods We employed a cross-sectional study design to assess the relationship between H. pylori infection and metabolic syndrome among diabetic patients attending Jimma Hospital, Ethiopia. An interviewer-led questionnaire administered to study participants provided information on sociodemographic factors, and medical records were used to obtain medical history information. Metabolic parameters, including plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected. H. pylori infection status was assessed using IgG Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). The effect of H. pylori infection on metabolic syndrome and metabolic parameters was determined using multivariate linear and logistic regressions. Results We found H. pylori infection status was positively but not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (AOR = 1.507, 95% CI: 0.570–3.981, p = 0.408). When the analysis was restricted to individual metabolic parameters, H. pylori positivity was significantly associated with lower HDL-c and higher SB, respectively. Conclusions Our result confirms that individual metabolic parameters, not an overall metabolic syndrome, are significantly associated with H. pylori infection. Future studies should examine the relationship between H. pylori and metabolic syndrome, considering gastrointestinal conditions such as GERD, GU, and DU.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCristel ArchambaudNatalia NunezRonni A. G. da SilvaKimberly A. KlinePascale Serror1Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France2Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore3Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore4Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandCorrella S. Detweiler
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Prabhu Raj Joshi, Sandeep Adhikari, Chinemerem Onah, Camille Carrier, Abigail Judd, Matthias Mack, Pankaj Baral
Science Advances, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Nittaya Panngam, Khanitta Nuntaboot, Nopparat Senahad, Roshan Kumar Mahato
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Olusola Adedeji Adejumo, Firoza Haffejee, Champaklal Jinabhai, Olusoji Daniel
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Esther Nakkazi
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
On Aug 14, WHO declared the worsening mpox situation in Africa a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Esther Nakkazi reports.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSiqiao Liang Hanlin Liang Xuemei Huang Xiaona Liang Ni Chen Rong Xiao Zengtao Luo Quanfang Chen Xinxin Zhong Jingmin Deng Jie Huang Meihua Li Meiling Yang Wen Zeng Haijuan Tang Jing Jiang Shouming Qin Zhen Wei Siyao Wu Yan Ning Ke Wang Fu Cao Jiujin Zhang Qing Wei Chengqiong Xu Honglin Luo Jian Song Pei Li Xiaokai Feng Chenlu Yang Jieping Lei Hongwei Wang Bin Cao Zhiyi He a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Red Cross Hospital of Yulin City, Yulin, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Tuberculosis, Nanning Fourth People's Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The People Hospital of Hechi, Hechi, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Qinzhou, Qinzhou, People’s Republic of Chinaf Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinag Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinah Infectious Diseases Division, KingMed Diagnostics, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinai Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaj Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinak Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinal Basic Medical College, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinam Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Xue Zhao Yijing Gu Xiaode Tang Chenyan Jiang Fanghao Fang Wei Chu Lixin Tao Xi Zhang Min Chen Huanyu Wu Youhua Xie Jing Liu Zheng Teng a Virus Testing Laboratory, Pathogen Testing Center, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH/CAMS) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinac Microbiological Testing Department, Shanghai Baoshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinad Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Huangpu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinae Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Fengxian District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Zhuo Quan Jiying Xu Meng Li Changyu Cheng Peierdun Mijiti Qi Jiang Howard Takiff Zhenhuan Ren Qian Gao a Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/ NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Institution for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Linzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Anyang, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, CMBC, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Zhongqi Li Qiao Liu Liang Chen Liping Zhou Wei Qi Chaocai Wang Yu Zhang Bilin Tao Limei Zhu Leonardo Martinez Wei Lu Jianming Wang a Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Institute of Tuberculosis Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of tuberculosis, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of tuberculosis, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Qinghai Province, Xining, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Xiaohu Han Lianhong Zhang Mingxuan Zhang Qing Xin Yongxiang Zhao Ya Wen Hua Deng Jinguo Zhu Qin Dai Mei Han Tianyu Yang Saiji Lahu Feng Jiang Zeliang Chen a Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of Chinab Manzhouli International Travel Health Care Center, Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of Chinac The Sixth People's Hospital of Dandong City, Dandong, Liaoning, People’s Republic of Chinad Tongliao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Qi Ge Pan Chen Yan Cheng Yonghong Xiao a State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Peking Union Medical College & Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Xingguang Li, Nídia S. Trovão
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
by Xingguang Li, Nídia S. Trovão HIV-1 CRF08_BC is a significant subtype in China, though its origin and spread remain incompletely understood. Previous studies using partial genomic data have provided insights but lack comprehensive analysis. Here, we investigate the early evolutionary and spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV-1 CRF08_BC in China and Myanmar using near-complete genome sequences. We analyzed 28 near-complete HIV-1 CRF08_BC genomes from China and Myanmar (1997–2013). Phylogenetic, molecular clock, and Bayesian discrete trait analyses were performed to infer the virus’s origin, spread, and associated risk groups. Based on Bayesian time-scaled inference with the best-fitting combination of models determined by marginal likelihood estimation (MLE), we inferred the time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and evolutionary rate of HIV-1 CRF08_BC to be at 3 October 1991 (95% HPD: 22 February1989–27 November 1993) and 2.30 × 10−3 substitutions per site per year (95% HPD: 1.96 × 10−3–2.63 × 10−3), respectively. Our analysis suggests that HIV-1 CRF08_BC originated in Yunnan Province, China, among injecting drug users, and subsequently spread to other regions. This study provides valuable insights into the early dynamics of HIV-1 CRF08_BC through combined genomic and epidemiological data, which may inform effective prevention and mitigation efforts. However, the limited genomic data influenced the extent of our findings, and challenges in collecting accurate risk group information during surveillance were evident.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarolin Bertelmann, Bruno Bühler
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
by Carolin Bertelmann, Bruno Bühler The implementation of biocatalytic steroid hydroxylation processes plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry due to a plethora of medicative effects of hydroxylated steroid derivatives and their crucial role in drug approval processes. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) typically constitute the key enzymes catalyzing these reactions, but commonly entail drawbacks such as poor catalytic rates and the dependency on additional redox proteins for electron transfer from NAD(P)H to the active site. Recently, these bottlenecks were overcome by equipping Escherichia coli cells with highly active variants of the self-sufficient single-component CYP450 BM3 together with hydrophobic outer membrane proteins facilitating cellular steroid uptake. The combination of the BM3 variant KSA14m and the outer membrane pore AlkL enabled exceptionally high testosterone hydroxylation rates of up to 45 U gCDW-1 for resting (i.e., living but non-growing) cells. However, a rapid loss of specific activity heavily compromised final product titers and overall space-time yields. In this study, several stabilization strategies were evaluated on enzyme-, cell-, and reaction level. However, neither changes in biocatalyst configuration nor variation of cultivation media, expression systems, or inducer concentrations led to considerable improvement. This qualified the so-far used genetic construct pETM11-ksa14m-alkL, M9 medium, and the resting-cell state as the best options enabling comparatively efficient activity along with fast growth prior to biotransformation. In summary, we report several approaches not enabling a stabilization of the high testosterone hydroxylation rates, providing vital guidance for researchers tackling similar CYP450 stability issues. A comparison with more stable natively steroid-hydroxylating CYP106A2 and CYP154C5 in equivalent setups further highlighted the high potential of the investigated CYP450 BM3-based whole-cell biocatalysts. The immense and continuously developing repertoire of enzyme engineering strategies provides promising options to stabilize the highly active biocatalysts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJulia Spychała, Agnieszka Tomkowiak, Aleksandra Noweiska, Roksana Bobrowska, Sandra Rychel-Bielska, Jan Bocianowski, Łukasz Wolko, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Marcin Nowicki, Michał Tomasz Kwiatek
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
by Julia Spychała, Agnieszka Tomkowiak, Aleksandra Noweiska, Roksana Bobrowska, Sandra Rychel-Bielska, Jan Bocianowski, Łukasz Wolko, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Marcin Nowicki, Michał Tomasz Kwiatek Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt) is one of the most impactful diseases causing substantial losses in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops. In adult plants resistant to Pt, a horizontal adult plant resistance (APR) is observed: APR protects the plant against multiple pathogen races and is distinguished by durable persistence under production conditions. The Lr46/Yr29 locus was mapped to chromosome 1B of common wheat genome, but the identity of the underlying gene has not been demonstrated although several candidate genes have been proposed. This study aimed to analyze the expression of nine candidate genes located at the Lr46/Yr29 locus and their four complementary miRNAs (tae-miR5384-3p, tae-miR9780, tae-miR9775, and tae-miR164), in response to Pt infection. The plant materials tested included five reference cultivars in which the molecular marker csLV46G22 associated with the Lr46/Yr29-based Pt resistance was identified, as well as one susceptible control cultivar. Biotic stress was induced in adult plants by inoculation with fungal spores under controlled conditions. Plant material was sampled before and at 6, 12, 24, 48 hours post inoculation (hpi). Differences in expression of candidate genes at the Lr46/Yr29 locus were analyzed by qRT-PCR and showed that the expression of the genes varied at the analyzed time points. The highest expression of Lr46/Yr29 candidate genes (Lr46-Glu1, Lr46-Glu2, Lr46-Glu3, Lr46-RLK1, Lr46-RLK2, Lr46-RLK3, Lr46-RLK4, Lr46-Snex, and Lr46-WRKY) occurred at 12 and 24 hpi and such expression profiles were obtained only for one candidate gene among the nine genes analyzed (Lr46-Glu2), indicating that it may be a contributing factor in the resistance response to Pt infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed