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Jianyong Shen, Chai Ji, Xiaofu Luo, Yu Hu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
by Jianyong Shen, Chai Ji, Xiaofu Luo, Yu Hu Meningococcal vaccination in Chinese national immunization program (NIP) includes polysaccharide vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A (MPV-A) and polysaccharide vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A and C(MPV-AC). This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of an alternative strategy using polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A,C,W,Y(MCV-ACWY) and polysaccharide vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A,C,W,Y(MPV-ACWY). From a societal perspective, we constructed a decision tree-Markov model to simulate the economic and health consequences of meningococcal disease in a 2023 birth cohort with the current meningococcal vaccination strategy and the alternative. Parameters of epidemiology, vaccine efficacy, cost, and utility were extracted from database and previous literatures. The sensitivity analysis was implemented to evaluate the robustness of the model. Compared to the current practice, the alternative strategy could avoid 513 meningococcal disease cases, 53 sequelae and 47 deaths. The ICER was estimated at $16899.81 /QALY, under the threshold of one time of the GDP per capita of Zhejiang province in 2023. The incidence of meningococcemia, the incidence of meningococcal meningitis, the case fatality of meningococcemia, the vaccine efficacy of MCV-ACWY and the price of MCV-ACWY would influence the cost-effectiveness of the meningococcal vaccination strategies. At the threshold, the probability of cost-effectiveness was 14.76% for the current strategy and 55.98% for the alternative strategy, respectively. The current meningococcal vaccination strategy had effectively prevented meningococcal disease at a low cost, but with limited serogroup coverage. Strategy using MCV-ACWY and MPV-ACWY could increase health benefits at a substantial cost at a cost-effective manner.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAleya Ferdausi, Swati Megha, Nat N. V. Kav, Habibur Rahman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
by Aleya Ferdausi, Swati Megha, Nat N. V. Kav, Habibur Rahman The role of primary metabolism during Brassica napus-Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction leading to clubroot resistance has not yet been investigated thoroughly. In this study, we investigated some of the primary metabolites and their derivatives as well as expression of the genes involved in their biosynthesis to decipher this host-pathogen interaction. For this, two sets (clubroot resistant and susceptible) of canola lines were inoculated with P. brassicae pathotype 3A to investigate the endogenous levels of primary metabolites at 7-, 14-, and 21-days after inoculation (DAI). The associated pathways were curated, and expression of the selected genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Our results suggested the possible involvement of polyamines (spermidine and spermine) in clubroot susceptibility. Some of the amino acids were highly abundant at 7- or 14-DAI in both resistant and susceptible lines; however, glutamine and the amino acid derivative phenylethylamine showed higher endogenous levels in the resistant lines at later stages of infection. Organic acids such as malic, fumaric, succinic, lactic and citric acids were abundant in the susceptible lines. Conversely, the abundance of salicylic acid (SA) and the expression of benzoate/salicylate carboxyl methyltransferase (BSMT) were higher in the resistant lines at the secondary stage of infection. A reduced disease severity index and gall size were observed when exogenous SA (1.0 mM) was applied to susceptible B. napus; this further supported the role of SA in clubroot resistance. In addition, a higher accumulation of fatty acids and significant upregulation of the pathway genes, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and amino alcohol phosphotransferase (AAPT) were observed in the resistant lines at 14- and 21-DAI. In contrast, some of the fatty acid derivatives such as phosphatidylcholines represented a lower level in the resistant lines. In conclusion, our findings provided additional insights into the possible involvement of primary metabolites and their derivatives in clubroot resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Abstract Introduction Despite national guidelines and use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP), Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci (GBS)) is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns in Europe and the United States. The European DEVANI (Design of a Vaccine Against Neonatal Infections) program assessed the neonatal GBS infection burden in Europe, the clinical characteristics of colonized women and microbiological data of GBS strains in colonized women and their infants with early-onset disease (EOD). Methods Overall, 1083 pregnant women with a GBS-positive culture result from eight European countries were included in the study. Clinical obstetrical information was collected by a standardized questionnaire. GBS strains were characterized by serological and molecular methods. Results Among GBS carriers included in this study after testing positive for GBS by vaginal or recto-vaginal sampling, 13.4% had at least one additional obstetrical risk factor for EOD. The five most common capsular types (i.e., Ia, Ib, II, III and V) comprised ~ 93% of GBS carried. Of the colonized women, 77.8% received any IAP, and in 49.5% the IAP was considered appropriate. In our cohort, nine neonates presented with GBS early-onset disease (EOD) with significant regional heterogeneity. Conclusions Screening methods and IAP rates need to be harmonized across Europe in order to reduce the rates of EOD. The epidemiological data from eight different European countries provides important information for the development of a successful GBS vaccine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYiming Huang, Richard Long, Giovanni Ferrara, Mary Lou Egedahl, Alexander Doroshenko, Courtney Heffernan, Catherine Paulsen, Ryan Cooper, Angela Lau
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Disseminated tuberculosis TB (DTB) is a rare and immediately life-threatening form of tuberculosis (TB) characterized by spread of infection via the lymphatic and/or cardiovascular systems to multiple organ sites [1]. HIV infection, transplant medicine and expanded use of immunosuppressive drugs increase the probability of dissemination. Believed to account for at least 1-3% of all TB cases, the true prevalence of DTB remains uncertain due to variations in definition, diagnostic workup and reporting requirements [2-7].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZaniewski, Elizabeth; Skrivankova, Veronika Whitesell; Brazier, Ellen; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Cardoso, Sandra Wagner; Cesar, Carina; Chenal, Henri; Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda E.; Ditangco, Rossana A.; Ebasone, Peter Vanes; Eley, Brian; Euvrard, Jonathan George; Fatti, Geoffrey; Huwa, Jacqueline Madalitso; Lelo, Patricia; Machado, Daisy Maria; Messou, Eugene Kouassi; Minga, Albert Kla; Muleebwa, Joseph; Mundhe, Sanjay; Murenzi, Gad; Muyindike, Winnie R.; Nsonde, Dominique Mahambou; Obatsa, Sarah M.; Odhiambo, Joseph; Prozesky, Hans Walter; Rungmaitree, Supattra; Semeere, Aggrey Semwendero; Seydi, Moussa; Sipambo, Nosisa; Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya; Technau, Karl-Günter; Tiendrebeogo, Thierry; Twizere, Christelle; Ballif, Marie
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Objective: We studied the transition to dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) at HIV treatment clinics within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA). Design: Site-level survey conducted in 2020–2021 among HIV clinics in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We assessed the status of dolutegravir rollout and viral load and drug resistance testing practices for patients on ART switching to dolutegravir-based regimens. We used generalized estimating equations to assess associations between clinic rollout of both first- and second-line dolutegravir-based ART regimens (dual rollout) and site-level factors. Results: Of 179 surveyed clinics, 175 (98%) participated; 137 (78%) from Africa, 30 (17%) from the Asia-Pacific, and 8 (5%) from Latin America. Most clinics (80%) were in low- or lower-middle-income countries, and there were a mix of primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level clinics. Ninety percent reported rollout of first-line dolutegravir, 59% of second-line, 94% of first- or second-line and 55% of dual rollout. The adjusted odds of dual rollout were higher among tertiary-level (aOR 4.00; 95% CI 1.39 to 11.47) and secondary-level clinics (aOR 3.66; 95% CI 2.19 to 6.11) than in primary-level clinics. Over half (59%) of clinics that introduced first- or second-line dolutegravir-based ART required recent viral load testing before switching to dolutegravir, and 15% performed genotypic resistance testing at switch. Conclusions: Dolutegravir-based ART was rolled out at nearly all IeDEA clinics in LMICs, yet many switched patients to dolutegravir without recent viral load testing and drug resistance testing was rarely performed. Without such testing, drug resistance among patient switching to dolutegravir may go undetected. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRuderman, Stephanie A.; Willig, Amanda L.; Cleveland, John D.; Burkholder, Greer; Davey, Christine Horvat; Fleming, Julia; Gripshover, Barbara; Katundu, Mari; Buford, Thomas W.; Jones, Raymond; Saag, Michael S.; Delaney, Joseph A.C.; Crane, Heidi M.; Webel, Allison R.
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Background: Low food security is common among people with HIV (PWH) and is associated with poorer health outcomes. Frailty, an aging-related outcome that is increasingly prevalent among PWH, may be stimulated by low food security. We assessed associations between food security and frailty among PWH. Methods: The Impact of Physical Activity Routines and Dietary Intake on the Longitudinal Symptom Experience of People Living with HIV (PROSPER-HIV) study follows PWH to evaluate how diet and physical activity impact symptoms. We utilized food security and frailty data from PROSPER-HIV Year 1 visits (January 2019 to July 2022) to estimate associations. Food security was measured via the validated two-item Food Security Questionnaire and categorized as Food Secure, Low Food Security, or Very Low Food Security. Frailty was measured with the Fried frailty phenotype, and categorized as robust, prefrail, and frail. We used relative risk regression to estimate associations between food security and frailty status, adjusted for demographic characteristics. Results: Among 574 PWH, nearly one-quarter were women (22%), mean age was 52 years old, 8% were frail, and 46% prefrail. Low food security was reported among nearly one-third of PWH: 13% Low Food Security and 18% Very Low Food Security. Compared with being Food Secure, we found Low Food Security was associated with frailty [prevalence ratio: 4.06 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.16–7.62] and Very Low Food Security was associated with both prefrailty [1.48 (1.23–1.78)] and frailty [5.61 (3.14–10.0)], as compared with robust status. Conclusion: Low food security was associated with increased frailty among PWH in this study, suggesting a potential intervention point to promote healthy aging. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEustaquio, Patrick C.; Burnett, Janet; Prejean, Joseph; Chapin-Bardales, Johanna; Cha, Susan; for the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Study Group
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Background: Men who inject drugs who have sex with men (MWIDSM) may acquire HIV through injecting drugs or sex. Interventions to increase awareness of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have focused on gay/bisexual MSM and may not be reaching heterosexual-identifying men or people who inject drugs (PWID). We explored changes in PrEP awareness and use among MWIDSM from 2018 to 2022 by sexual identity. Methods: We used data from the 2018 and 2022 National HIV Behavioral Surveillance among PWID recruited via respondent-driven sampling in 19 urban areas in the US. We examined changes in PrEP awareness and use over time by sexual identity among HIV-negative men who inject drugs and who had sex with another man in the past 12 months using log-linked Poisson regression models with robust standard errors with an interaction term between year and sexual identity. Results: Among 758 HIV-negative MWIDSM (463 in 2018; 295 in 2022), nearly all sample participants were likely indicated for PrEP (94.2 and 92.9%, respectively). PrEP awareness increased from 2018 to 2022 among gay/bisexual-identifying MWIDSM [45.5–65.5%; aPR = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.30–1.70] but remained stable for heterosexual-identifying MWIDSM (39.4–40.8%; aPR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.75–1.36). PrEP use remained low among all MWIDSM (2.5–7.7%, among heterosexually identifying; 15.3 to 10.2% among gay/bisexual-identifying). Conclusion: PrEP awareness increased among gay/bisexual-identifying MWIDSM but not among heterosexual-identifying. PrEP use was low for all MWIDSM. Public health initiatives catered to MWIDSM should focus on improved campaigns and expanding PrEP accessibility in existing healthcare, harm reduction, and social services. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFilip, Iulia
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Zhao, Ran; Sanstead, Erinn; Alarid-Escudero, Fernando; Huchko, Megan; Silverberg, Michael; Smith-Mccune, Karen; Gregorich, Steven E.; Leyden, Wendy; Kuppermann, Miriam; Sawaya, George F.; Kulasingam, Shalini
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Objective: To compare the model-predicted benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of cytology, cotesting, and primary HPV screening in U.S. women living with HIV (WLWH). Design: We adapted a previously published Markov decision model to simulate a cohort of U.S. WLWH. Setting: United States. Subjects, participants: A hypothetical inception cohort of WLWH. Intervention: We simulated five screening strategies all assumed the same strategy of cytology with HPV triage for ASCUS for women aged 21 to 29 years. The different strategies noted are for women aged 30 and older as the following: continue cytology with HPV triage, cotesting with repeat cotesting triage, cotesting with HPV16/18 genotyping triage, primary hrHPV testing with cytology triage, and primary hrHPV testing with HPV16/18 genotyping triage. Main outcome measure(s): The outcomes include colposcopies, false-positive results, treatments, cancers, cancer deaths, life-years and costs, and lifetime quality-adjusted life-years. Results: Compared with no screening, screening was cost-saving, and > 96% of cervical cancers and deaths could be prevented. Cytology with HPV triage dominated primary HPV screening and cotesting. At willingness-to-pay thresholds under $250,000, probabilistic sensitivity analyses indicated that primary HPV testing was more cost-effective than cotesting in over 98% of the iterations. Conclusions: Our study suggests the current cytology-based screening recommendation is cost-effective, but that primary HPV screening could be a cost-effective alternative to cotesting. To improve the cost-effectiveness of HPV-based screening, increased acceptance of the HPV test among targeted women is needed, as are alternative follow-up recommendations to limit the harms of high false-positive testing. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaramasso, Lucia; Dentone, Chiara; Cama, Isabella; Fenoglio, Daniela; Altosole, Tiziana; Parodi, Alessia; Campi, Cristina; Piana, Michele; Mora, Sara; Giacomini, Mauro; Labate, Laura; Garbarino, Sara; Bruzzone, Bianca; Filaci, Gilberto; Bassetti, Matteo; Di Biagio, Antonio
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize T cell activation, exhaustion, maturation and Treg frequencies in individuals who acquire perinatal HIV (PHIV), in individuals who acquired HIV as adult (AHIV), and in healthy controls (HC). Design: This cross-sectional study included people with HIV ≥ 14 and
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCrawford, Timothy N.; Neilands, Torsten B.; Drumright, Lydia N.; Fredericksen, Rob J.; Johnson, Mallory O.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Bamford, Laura; Batchelder, Abigail W.; Crane, Heidi M.; Elopre, Latesha; Moore, Richard D.; Rosengren, A. Lina; Christopoulos, Katerina A.
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Objective: To examine the effects of internalized HIV stigma on viral non-suppression via depressive symptoms, alcohol use, illicit drug use, and medication adherence and investigate whether social support moderates these effects. Design: Longitudinal observational clinical cohort of patients in HIV care in the US. Methods: Data from the CFAR Network for Integrated Clinical Systems (2016–2019) were used to conduct structural equation models (SEM) to test the indirect effects of internalized HIV stigma on viral non-suppression through depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, alcohol use, and medication adherence. Moderated mediation with an interaction between social support and internalized HIV stigma was examined. Results: Among 9,574 individuals included in the study sample, 81.1% were male and 41.4% were Black, non-Hispanic. The model demonstrated good fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.028; standardized root means square residual = 0.067). The overall indirect effect was significant (b = 0.058; se = 0.020; β = 0.048; 95%CI = .019-.098), indicating that internalized HIV stigma\'s impact on viral non-suppression was mediated by depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, and medication adherence. An interaction was observed between internalized HIV stigma and social support on alcohol use, however, there was no moderated mediation for any of the mediators. Conclusions: Internalized HIV stigma indirectly impacts viral non-suppression through its effects on depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, and medication adherence. Social support may buffer the impact, but more research is needed. Understanding the pathways through which internalized stigma impacts viral suppression is key to improving health of people with HIV. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNeary, Jillian; Chebet, Daisy; Benki-Nugent, Sarah; Moraa, Hellen; Richardson, Barbra A.; Njuguna, Irene; Langat, Agnes; Ngugi, Evelyn; Lehman, Dara A.; Slyker, Jennifer; Wamalwa, Dalton; John-Stewart, Grace
AIDS, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Objective(s): Children with HIV may experience adverse neurocognitive outcomes despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is common in children with HIV. Among children on ART, we examined the influences of early HIV viral load (VL) and CMV DNA on neurocognition. Design: We determined the association between pre-ART VL, cumulative VL, and CMV viremia and neurocognition using data from a cohort study. Methods: Children who initiated ART before 12 months of age were enrolled from 2007-2010 in Nairobi, Kenya. Blood was collected at enrollment and every 6 months thereafter. Four neurocognitive assessments with 12 domains were conducted when children were a median age of 7 years. Primary outcomes included cognitive ability, executive function, attention, and motor. Generalized linear models were used to determine associations between HIV VL (pre-ART and cumulative; N = 38) and peak CMV DNA (by 24 months of age; N = 20) and neurocognitive outcomes. Results: In adjusted models, higher peak CMV viremia by 24 months of age was associated with lower cognitive ability and motor z-scores. Higher pre-ART HIV VL was associated with lower executive function z-scores. Among secondary outcomes, higher pre-ART VL was associated with lower mean nonverbal and metacognition z-scores. Conclusion: Higher pre-ART VL and CMV DNA in infancy were associated with lower executive function, nonverbal and metacognition scores and cognitive ability scores in childhood, respectively. These findings suggest long-term benefits of early HIV viral suppression and CMV control on neurocognition. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2024
Tilføjet 9.09.2024
Abstract Background An accurate, rapid, non-sputum-based triage test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) is needed.Methods A prospective evaluation of the Xpert-MTB-HR cartridge, a prototype blood-based host-response mRNA signature assay, among individuals presenting with TB-like symptoms was performed in Pakistan and results were compared to three reference standards: Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, bacteriological confirmation (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and/or culture positivity), and composite clinical diagnosis (clinician diagnosis, treatment initiation, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and/or culture positivity). Analyses were conducted both for the entire study cohort and separately in the adolescent and young adult cohort (ages 10-24).Results A total of 497 participants, ages 6-83, returned valid Xpert-MTB-HR results. When a diagnostic threshold was set for a sensitivity of >90%, specificity was 32% (95%CI 28–37) when compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, 29% (95%CI 25–34) when compared to a bacteriological confirmation, and 22% (95%CI 18–26) when compared to a composite clinical diagnosis. However, when evaluating only the adolescent and young adult cohort with a diagnostic threshold set for sensitivity of >90%, specificity was 82% (95%CI 74–89) when compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, 84% (95%CI 75–90) when compared to a bacteriological confirmation, and 54% (95%CI 44–64) when compared to a composite clinical diagnosis.Conclusions While the Xpert-MTB-HR does not meet World Health Organization minimum criteria in the general population, in our study it does meet the minimum sensitivity and specificity requirements for a non-sputum-based triage test among adolescents and young adults when compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra or bacteriological confirmation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Background Post-discharge malaria chemoprevention (PDMC) is an intervention aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized with severe anaemia, with its effectiveness established in several clinical trials. The aim of this study was to better understand factors that would influence the scale up of this intervention, and to identify preferences for two delivery mechanisms, facility-based or community-based. Methods Forty-six qualitative individual interviews were conducted in five sub-Saharan countries amongst malaria key opinion leaders and national decision makers. Findings were analysed following a thematic inductive approach. Results Half of participants were familiar with PDMC, with a satisfactory understanding of the intervention. Although PDMC was perceived as beneficial by most respondents, there was some unclarity on the target population. Both delivery approaches were perceived as valuable and potentially complementary. From an adoption perspective, relevant evidence generation, favorable policy environment, and committed funding were identified as key elements for the scale up of PDMC. Conclusions The findings suggest that although PDMC was perceived as a relevant tool to prevent malaria, further clarification was needed in terms of the relevant patient population, delivery mechanisms, and more evidence should be generated from implementation research to ensure policy adoption and funding.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Purpose Lautropia mirabilis is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic coccus, which has been detected mainly in respiratory sites of immunodeficient patients suffering from HIV or cystic fibrosis. To date, knowledge about the pathogenicity of L. mirabilis is spare due to the small numbers of documented cases. Methods We present a literature review and report the case of a 39-year-old female diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) with IgG and IgA deficiency suffering from a sepsis with L. mirabilis. As no fully closed L. mirabilis genome besides the type strain was available to date, we additionally performed complete genome sequencing of L. mirabilis. Results The patient was admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of fever. Here, we detected L. mirabilis in two different blood cultures. The bacterium was tested susceptible to and treated with meropenem. As the origin of L. mirabilis sepsis, we observed an active periodontitis likely due to impaired IgA levels and mucosal insufficiency as a consequence of CVID. Whole genome sequencing of L. mirabilis revealed several genes important for host cell invasion and intracellular survival of the pathogen. Conclusions Our case highlights the importance of L. mirabilis in immunocompromised patients also in other compartments than the respiratory tract.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Background A considerable number of patients who contracted SARS-CoV-2 are affected by persistent multi-systemic symptoms, referred to as Post-COVID Condition (PCC). Post-exertional malaise (PEM) has been recognized as one of the most frequent manifestations of PCC and is a diagnostic criterion of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Yet, its underlying pathomechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Purpose and methods In this review, we describe current evidence indicating that key pathophysiological features of PCC and ME/CFS are involved in physical activity-induced PEM. Results Upon physical activity, affected patients exhibit a reduced systemic oxygen extraction and oxidative phosphorylation capacity. Accumulating evidence suggests that these are mediated by dysfunctions in mitochondrial capacities and microcirculation that are maintained by latent immune activation, conjointly impairing peripheral bioenergetics. Aggravating deficits in tissue perfusion and oxygen utilization during activities cause exertional intolerance that are frequently accompanied by tachycardia, dyspnea, early cessation of activity and elicit downstream metabolic effects. The accumulation of molecules such as lactate, reactive oxygen species or prostaglandins might trigger local and systemic immune activation. Subsequent intensification of bioenergetic inflexibilities, muscular ionic disturbances and modulation of central nervous system functions can lead to an exacerbation of existing pathologies and symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNatthapol Kiatkangwanchon, Jesada Kanjanaumporn, Prem Wungcharoen, Kornvalee Meesilpavikkai, Pawat Phuensan
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
An 18-year-old male presented to our hospital with left nasal mass which progressively increased in size and completely blocked the cavity over 6-month period. On physical examination, the mass protruded from left nostril with total obstruction of left nasal cavity and swelling of left side of nose (figure 1A). Computed tomography showed a homogenous hyperdense soft tissue mass occupying in the left nasal cavity involving left maxillary ostium, sized 7.0 × 1.5 × 2.0 cm with skin thickening and edematous change at left side of nose without bone erosion (figure 2).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatthew J. Akiyama, Yury Khudyakov, Sumathi Ramachandran, Lindsey Riback, Maxwell Ackerman, Mercy Nyakowa, Leonard Arthur, John Lizcano, Josephine Walker, Peter Cherutich, Ann Kurth
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
An estimated 58 million individuals are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) globally [1]. Left untreated, HCV can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Viral hepatitis is in the top ten causes of death globally with 1.3 million deaths in 2022 [2]. Without effective treatment and prevention interventions, 19 million viral hepatitis-related deaths are anticipated by 2030 [3]. Moreover, HCV-related mortality rates are expected to climb for the next two decades, compared to decreasing annual deaths of HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) if treatment is not adequately accessible [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Abstract Background In sub-Saharan African countries, preventable and manageable diseases such as diarrhea and acute respiratory infections still claim the lives of children. Hence, this study aims to estimate the rate of change in the log expected number of days a child suffers from Diarrhea (NOD) and flu/common cold (NOF) among children aged 6 to 11 months at the baseline of the study. Methodology This study used secondary data which exhibit a longitudinal and multilevel structure. Based on the results of exploratory analysis, a multilevel zero-inflated Poisson regression model with a rate of change in the log expected NOD and NOF described by a quadratic trend was proposed to efficiently analyze both outcomes accounting for correlation between observations and individuals through random effects. Furthermore, residual plots were used to assess the goodness of fit of the model. Results Considering subject and cluster-specific random effects, the results revealed a quadratic trend in the rate of change of the log expected NOD. Initially, low dose iron Micronutrient Powder (MNP) users exhibited a higher rate of change compared to non-users, but this trend reversed over time. Similarly, the log expected NOF decreased for children who used MNP and exclusively breastfed for six months, in comparison to their counterparts. In addition, the odds of not having flu decreased with each two-week increment for MNP users, as compared to non-MNP users. Furthermore, an increase in NOD resulted in an increase in the log expected NOF. Region and exclusive breastfeeding also have a significant relationships with both NOD and NOF. Conclusion The findings of this study underscore the importance of commencing analysis of data generated from a study with exploratory analysis. The study highlights the critical role of promoting EBF for the first six months and supporting children with additional food after six months to reduce the burden of infectious diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDongchang He Xiyue Wang Huiguang Wu Kairui Cai Xiaoli Song Xiaoquan Wang Jiao Hu Shunlin Hu Xiaowen Liu Chan Ding Daxin Peng Shuo Su Min Gu Xiufan Liu a Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Chinac Animal Epidemic Prevention Office, Jiangsu Provincial Animal Disease Control Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinad Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Chinae Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Chinaf Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, Chinag College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Virulence, 8.09.2024
Tilføjet 8.09.2024
Aaron F. CarlinJames R. BeadleJeremy ArdanuyAlex E. ClarkVictoria RhodesAaron F. GarretsonJoyce A. MurphyNadejda ValiaevaRobert T. SchooleyMatthew B. FriemanKarl Y. Hostetler1Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA2Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA4Center for Pathogen Research, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAMiguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Israel David Duarte-Herrera, Cecilia López-Martínez, Raquel Rodríguez-García, Diego Parra, Paula Martín-Vicente, Sara M. Exojo-Ramirez, Karla Miravete-Lagunes, Lisardo Iglesias, Marcelino González-Iglesias, Margarita Fernández-Rodríguez, Marta Carretero-Ledesma, Inés López-Alonso, Juan Gómez, Eliecer Coto, Rebeca González Fernández, Belén Prieto García, Javier Fernández, Laura Amado-Rodríguez, Guillermo M Albaiceta
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Infective endocarditis is a severe disease caused by the infection of heart valves and endocardium by a pathogenic germ. Incidence of endocarditis in non-selected population is around 15-80 cases per million inhabitants and year, and increases up to 5-10 cases per 1000 inhabitants and year in high-risk groups, such as those with a prosthetic heart valve [1]. In spite of these relatively low incidences, endocarditis remains a major health issue due to its elevated mortality (in-hospital mortality of 20-30% [2,3]) and the associated resource consumption.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNico Bekaan, Oliver A. Cornely, Tim Friede, Jürgen Prattes, Rosanne Sprute, Martin Hellmich, Philipp Koehler, Jon Salmanton-García, Jannik Stemler, Ilana Reinhold
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Candidemia is a life-threatening infection mostly in critically ill patients. Current guidelines recommend treatment for a duration of 14 days after clearance of blood cultures (1). The 14-day treatment duration is based on consensus deducted from a landmark study in 1994 (2). Thereafter, it became a standard by tradition, not by evidence from a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Literature on this subject primarily covers discussions rather than interventional studies assessing shorter treatment durations (Table 1).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlice Raffetin, Joppe W.R. Hovius, Benoît Jaulhac, Anna J. Henningsson, Pierre Tattevin
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
This particularly interesting study entitled “Healthcare-seeking behavior preceding diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: population-based nationwide matched nested case-control study” from Tetens et al. aimed at identifying diagnostic opportunities to enhance the diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) and shorten the diagnostic delay (1). They conducted a population-based, nationwide matched nested case-control study in Denmark. They included 1,056 cases including clinical data up to 6 months prior to LNB diagnosis, and 10,560 age- and sex-matched controls, between 1 May 2009 and 31 January 2021.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBeth Stuart, Alastair D. Hay
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Antimicrobial resistance remains a global high priority public heath challenge.[1] With around 80% of all health service antibiotics prescribed in primary care [2] and strong evidence that most patients will not benefit, there is an urgent need to identify the minority of patients who could benefit.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with substantial morbidity among infants. This study modelled the potential public health and economic impact of nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, as an immunoprophylactic strategy for all infants in Spain in their first RSV season. Methods A static decision-analytic model of the Spanish birth cohort during its first RSV season was developed to estimate the impact of nirsevimab on RSV-related health events and costs versus the standard of practice (SoP). Spain-specific costs and epidemiological data were used as model inputs. Modelled outcomes included RSV-related outpatient visits, emerging room (ER) visits, hospitalisations – including pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and inpatient mortality. Results Under the current SoP, RSV caused 151,741 primary care visits, 38,798 ER visits, 12,889 hospitalisations, 1,412 PICU admissions, and 16 deaths over a single season, representing a cost of €71.8 million from a healthcare payer perspective. Universal immunisation of all infants with nirsevimab was expected to prevent 97,157 primary care visits (64.0% reduction), 24,789 ER visits (63.9%), 8,185 hospitalisations (63.5%), 869 PICU admissions (61.5%), and 9 inpatient deaths (52.6%), saving €47.8 million (62.4%) in healthcare costs. Conclusions These results suggest that immunisation with nirsevimab of all infants experiencing their first RSV season in Spain is likely to prevent thousands of RSV-related health events and save considerable costs versus the current SoP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Blood transfusion services play a very key role in modern health care service delivery. About 118.5 million blood donations were collected globally in 2022. However, about 1.6 million units of blood are destroyed annually due to transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs). There is a very high risk of TTIs through donated blood to recipients if safe transfusion practices are not observed. This study determined the prevalence and factors associated with TTIs among blood donors in Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. Methods This study was a retrospective cross-sectional design that involved a review of a random sample of 1370 blood donors registered between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2019 at Arua regional blood bank, Uganda. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the blood donors. The binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with TTIs. Results The majority of the blood donors were male (80.1%), and the median donor age was 23 years (IQR = 8 years). The overall prevalence of TTIs was found to be 13.8% (95%CI: 12.0-15.6%), with specific prevalences of 1.9% for HIV, 4.1% for HBV, 6.6% for HCV and 2.8% for treponema pallidum. Male sex (AOR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.32–3.36, p-value = 0.002) and lapsed donor type compared to new donor type (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.13–0.87, p-value = 0.025) were found to be associated with TTIs. Conclusion The prevalence of TTIs among blood donors of West Nile region, Uganda was found to be significantly high, which implies a high burden of TTIs in the general population. Hence, there is need to implement a more stringent donor screening process to ensure selection of risk-free donors, with extra emphasis on male and new blood donors. Additionally, sensitization of blood donors on risky behaviors and self-deferral will reduce the risk of donating infected blood to the recipients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Self-medication practices involve the use of medications without healthcare professional requests. The threat of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused the practice of a fittest to survive action, with the assumption that something is better than nothing. Moreover, owing to the lack of effective treatment for COVID-19, the general public has shifted toward self-medication and symptomatic treatment, with approximately 80% of people stockpiling medication for use during the pandemic. Thus, this study aimed to assess the factors associated with self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in southwestern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed at selected drug retail outlets in southwestern Ethiopia for 415 community pharmacy clients from July 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select five drug retail outlets on the basis of high patient flows, and we took the study participants until the required quota allotted to each selected drug retail outlet had been filled. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with self-medication. AORs with 95% CIs were used to report associations, and the level of significance was set at P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Bone and joint infections represent a major public health issue due to their increasing prevalence, their functional prognosis and their cost to society. Phage therapy has valuable anti-biofilm properties against prosthetic joint infections (PJI). The aim of this study was to establish the proportion of patients eligible for phage therapy and to assess their clinical outcome judged against all patients presenting with PJI. Method . Patients admitted for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) at a French general hospital between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively included. Eligibility for phage therapy was determined based on French recommendations, with polymicrobial infections serving as exclusion criteria. Patients were categorized into two groups: those eligible and those ineligible for phage therapy. We analyzed their characteristics and outcomes, including severe adverse events, duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy, length of hospitalization, and relapse rates. Results . In this study, 96 patients with PJI were considered in multidisciplinary medical meetings. Of these, 44% patients (42/96) were eligible for additional phage therapy. This group of patients had a longer duration of intravenous therapy (17 days vs. 10 days, p = 0.02), more severe adverse events (11 vs. 3, p = 0.08) and had a longer hospital stay (43 days vs. 18 days, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Previous studies have implicated the role of H. pylori infection in developing the metabolic syndrome. However, findings remain contradictory, and data from developing countries are scarce. Methods We employed a cross-sectional study design to assess the relationship between H. pylori infection and metabolic syndrome among diabetic patients attending Jimma Hospital, Ethiopia. An interviewer-led questionnaire administered to study participants provided information on sociodemographic factors, and medical records were used to obtain medical history information. Metabolic parameters, including plasma glucose, triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were collected. H. pylori infection status was assessed using IgG Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). The effect of H. pylori infection on metabolic syndrome and metabolic parameters was determined using multivariate linear and logistic regressions. Results We found H. pylori infection status was positively but not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (AOR = 1.507, 95% CI: 0.570–3.981, p = 0.408). When the analysis was restricted to individual metabolic parameters, H. pylori positivity was significantly associated with lower HDL-c and higher SB, respectively. Conclusions Our result confirms that individual metabolic parameters, not an overall metabolic syndrome, are significantly associated with H. pylori infection. Future studies should examine the relationship between H. pylori and metabolic syndrome, considering gastrointestinal conditions such as GERD, GU, and DU.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCristel ArchambaudNatalia NunezRonni A. G. da SilvaKimberly A. KlinePascale Serror1Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France2Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore, Singapore3Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore4Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandCorrella S. Detweiler
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Prabhu Raj Joshi, Sandeep Adhikari, Chinemerem Onah, Camille Carrier, Abigail Judd, Matthias Mack, Pankaj Baral
Science Advances, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Nittaya Panngam, Khanitta Nuntaboot, Nopparat Senahad, Roshan Kumar Mahato
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Olusola Adedeji Adejumo, Firoza Haffejee, Champaklal Jinabhai, Olusoji Daniel
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Esther Nakkazi
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
On Aug 14, WHO declared the worsening mpox situation in Africa a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Esther Nakkazi reports.
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