Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Ingen søgeord valgt.
45 emner vises.
Infection, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Abstract Background/Objective Information about occurrence and affected groups of symptoms/diagnoses indicative of an HIV infection (so-called HIV indicator conditions; HIV-ICs) is lacking. We analyse HIV-IC incidence, transmission risks and immune status among people living with HIV (PLWH) antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive. Methods Diagnoses reported for ART-naive PLWH from two multicentre observational, prospective cohort studies between 1999–2023 were analysed. Incidence rates per 1,000 person-years (PYs) were calculated for the overall study period and time periods defined by ART treatment recommendations. For further description, CD4 counts around HIV-IC diagnosis (+ -30 days) and HIV-transmission routes were collected. Results In total 15,940 diagnoses of 18,534 PLWH in Germany were included. Of those 81% were male (median age: 36 years) and 56% reported being men, who have sex with men as the likely HIV-transmission route. Incidence rates varied between the different HIV-ICs. Syphilis had the highest incidence rate (34 per 1,000 PYs; 95% confidence interval [CI] 29–40) for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), hepatitis B was highest for viral hepatitis diagnoses (18 per 1,000 PYs; 95% CI 17–20); according to CDC-classification herpes zoster for HIV-associated diagnoses (22 per 1,000; 95% CI 20–24) and candidiasis for AIDS-defining diagnoses (30 per 1,000 PYs; 95% CI 29–32). Most PLWH with HIV-ICs (hepatitis, HIV-associated diagnoses and AIDS-defining conditions) had CD4 cell counts
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Abstract Purpose C-reactive protein (CRP) is a common proxy of inflammation, but accurate characterizations of its dynamics during acute infections are scant. The goal of this study was to examine C-reactive protein (CRP) trajectories in hospitalized patients with viral infections, confirmed bacteremia (stratified by Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria), and non-bacteremic infections/inflammations, considering antibiotic treatment. Methods Electronic medical records from Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center (July 2007-May 2023) were analyzed. Patients with blood cultures or positive viral tests were included. CRP levels were modeled using generalized additive mixed-effects models (GAMMs) and observed up to 150 h after initial infection diagnosis. Patients with initial CRP levels > 31.9 were excluded, to remove individuals already in a highly active inflammatory process. The shapes of the CRP curves were characterized and peak CRP as well as area under the CRP curve were the primary variables of interest. Results Viral infections had the lowest and flattest CRP curves. Non-bacteremic infections showed intermediate levels, while bacteremia (especially Gram-negative under antibiotic treatment) had the highest CRP peaks. For instance, peak CRP ranged from 15.4 mg/L in viral infections without antibiotics to 140.9 mg/L in Gram-negative bacteremia with antibiotics. Conclusions CRP trajectories significantly differ based on infection type and antibiotic treatment. Frequent CRP measurement could be a valuable diagnostic and risk stratification tool in hospitalized patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChen, Y.-Y., Borkowski, P., Nazarenko, N., Biavati, L., Parker, M., Chowdhury, I., Vargas-Pena, C., Bhakta, S., Garg, V., Bock, J., Faillace, R. T., Palaiodimos, L.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
PurposeStudies have elucidated that heart failure (HF) in people living with HIV manifests differently when compared with HF cases in the general population. This cohort aimed to examine the mortality risk factors, including biological and social factors, as well as suitable medical interventions to prevent death in this population. ParticipantsThe New York City Health+Hospitals HIV Heart Failure (NYC4H) cohort encompassed records from 11 major hospital sites. Adult individuals with confirmed HIV and HF were recruited from either inpatient or clinic hospital visits between July 2017 and June 2022. The first follow-up period began on the date of the first clinical encounter until June 2023, and the second follow-up period extended between July 2022 and October 2023. Findings to dateIn total, 1044 patients were enrolled in the study. The cohort comprised 657 (62.9%) males and 387 (37.1%) females. The average age was 61.6 years at baseline and the average follow-up time was 3.8 years. Overall, a total of 259 (24.8%) deaths were identified, of which 193 occurred in the first follow-up period (enrolling date to June 2022) and 66 during the second follow-up period (June 2022 to October 2023). The most common comorbidities within this population were hypertension (75.3%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (39.2%), type II diabetes mellitus (40%) and hyperlipidaemia (35.7%). The most common social adversities were polysubstance use (31.13%), mental health-related issues (20.7%) and lack of family support (14.5%). 601 (57.6%) patients had encountered at least one and more than one social adversity in their lifetime. Future plansCurrently, nutritional notes from licensed dietitians and right and left heart catheterisation reports are under review. We are scheduled to complete the data collection for the comprehensive third follow-up period, which includes follow-up psychosocial evaluations, by the end of 2025. In addition, we intend to conduct annual follow-ups for specific high-risk groups, such as individuals with pulmonary hypertension, those facing higher social adversities and participants with poor HIV control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRamadhan, R. N., Rampengan, D. D. C. H., Gunawan, F. A., Kadariswantiningsih, I. N., Empitu, M.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
BackgroundInvasive fungal infections (IFIs) significantly impact immunocompromised paediatric patients, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite the evolution of antifungal therapy, the efficacy and safety of combination antifungal therapies in paediatric patients, especially those with haematological malignancies, remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to critically evaluate the efficacy and safety of antifungal combinations in paediatric IFIs. MethodsWe will conduct a search in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, BMJ and Springer databases to include randomised controlled trials and observational studies focused on combination antifungal therapies in paediatric patients under 18 years with IFIs, using COVIDENCE for data management and analysis, ensuring rigorous quality assessment and statistical integrity in synthesising data. The time frame for the search will encompass publications from the inception of each database to the present, ensuring a comprehensive coverage of the literature. The database search will not be restricted by date. The review will assess combined antifungal treatment against placebo or single-antifungal therapy, examining outcomes like response rates, survival, mortality, adverse effects, cost-effectiveness and quality of life. Ethics and disseminationThe review will be disseminated to healthcare professionals, community groups and policy-makers via journal publication and conference presentations to help them tailor antifungal prophylaxis treatment and outcomes for paediatric patients with IFIs. The analysis will not include any individual patient data, so ethical approval is not required. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024503620.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYue, H.-y., Peng, W., Luo, K., Zeng, J., Ma, W., Lu, C. D., Chang, L., Jiang, H., Zhou, P.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
ObjectivesThe use of awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, without intubation or sedation under ECMO support in patients with cardiogenic shock is growing rapidly because emerging clinical investigations indicates it may reduce morbidity associated with sedation and intubation. We systematically reviewed the efficacy of awake ECMO and provided evidence for clinical practitioners and researchers. DesignSystematic review and trial sequential meta-analysis based on observational studies. Data sourcesData was retrieved from seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Cochrane Library) up to 1 March 2024. Eligibility criteriaWe included observational studies that compared the differences in clinical outcomes between awake ECMO and non-awake ECMO in patients with cardiogenic shock. Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers rigorously conducted literature retrieval, screening and data extraction. The RevMan software was used for data synthesis. ResultsFive retrospective observational studies involving 1044 patients with cardiogenic shock were included. Compared with non-awake ECMO, awake ECMO was associated with a lower mortality rate of patients with cardiogenic shock (OR=0.28; 95% CI, (0.15, 0.49); p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSilima, M., Christofides, N. J., Franchino-Olsen, H., Woollett, N., Meinck, F.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
BackgroundIn South Africa, women disproportionately bear the burden of intimate partner violence (IPV), HIV or AIDS, and poor mental health. ObjectiveThis study investigated parenting practices among women affected by IPV, HIV and poor mental health syndemics. Study settingThe study was conducted in two sites, a peri-urban area and a rural area in Mpumalanga, South Africa. Study designA qualitative research design using a narrative approach with in-depth interviews supported by arts-based methods was used. Data were analysed thematically using MAXQDA (2022). Participants20 women aged 20–60 who screened positive for HIV, IPV and/or poor mental health in a larger three-generational cohort study were selected. ResultsLiving with the syndemics exacerbated socioeconomic challenges that often translated into an inability to meet basic child needs. Socioeconomic challenges also led to more harsh parenting practices among women living with IPV-Mental Health and HIV-Mental Health syndemics. Due to lack of trust from family members, women living with the HIV-Mental Health-IPV syndemic were often separated from their children. These women exhibited less harsh parenting practices than the women in the other syndemic groups when they did see their children. A history of childhood trauma, leading to overprotective parenting, was common across the groups except for the IPV-Mental Health group. Women in the IPV-Mental Health group often had strained relations with their children’s fathers, affecting their engagement and connection with their children. ConclusionThe study underlines challenges experienced by women with IPV-Mental Health, HIV-Mental Health and HIV-Mental Health-IPV syndemics. The overlap of these epidemics strains women’s relationships and affects women’s parenting practices detrimentally resulting in an inadequate provision for children’s needs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBandin-Vilar, E., Estany-Gestal, A., Cabaleiro, T., Rial-Pensado, E., Castro-Balado, A., Varela-Rey, I., Mondelo-Garcia, C., Cajade-Pascual, F., Rodriguez-Jato, M. T., Zarra-Ferro, I., Rey-Rilo, M. T., Arca-Suarez, J., Albinana-Perez, M. S., Rascado-Sedes, P., Pose-Reino, A., Valdes, L., Taboada-Muniz, M., Barbeito-Castineiras, G., Mena de Cea, A., Alemparte-Pardavila, E., Fernandez-Ferreiro, A., Study Group, S.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
IntroductionLinezolid is a broadly used antibiotic to treat complicated infections caused by gram-positive bacteria. Therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid concentrations is recommended to maximise its efficacy and safety, mainly haematological toxicity. Different pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets have been proposed to improve linezolid exposure: the ratio of the area under the concentration–time curve during a 24-hour period to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 80 and 120; percentage of time that the drug concentration remains above the MIC during a dosing interval greater than 85% and the trough concentration between 2 and 7 mg/L. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy and the clinical and economic utility of personalised dosing of linezolid using Bayesian forecasting methods to attain pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets, known as model-informed precision dosing. Methods and analysisThis is a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised, parallel, controlled, phase IV and low intervention trial. Participants will be randomly assigned 1:1 to each group (n=346 per group). Control group will receive the standard dose of linezolid. Intervention group will receive personalised dosage of linezolid based on pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic adjustments. The primary outcome will be the incidence of thrombocytopenia in both groups. Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Investigation with Medicines of Galicia (code 2022/140) and authorised by the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices. The trial is implemented in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the international ethical and scientific quality standard, the Good Clinical Practice. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration numberEudraCT registration code: 2022-000144-30.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuckett, R., Zhang, B. X., Gompers, A., George, J., Modest, A., Bazzett-Matabele, L., Vuylsteke, P., Kula, M., Monare, B., Botha, M. H., Shapiro, R. L., Ramogola-Masire, D., Grover, S.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
ObjectivesInternational guidelines recommend cervical screening cessation at age 50 following two consecutive negative screens. However, many women aged 50 and older in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have not had prior opportunity to screen. We examine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer stage in Botswana women aged 50+ compared with 30–49, stratified by HIV status. DesignSecondary analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies. SettingThe screening cohort was recruited at health facilities in South East District. The cancer cohort was recruited from the primary public tertiary referral hospital and a private hospital in Gaborone, Botswana. ParticipantsThe screening cohort included 2570 women aged 30 and older recruited from February 2021 to August 2022. Screening eligibility included anyone with a cervix and without a prior history of cervical cancer. The cancer cohort included 1520 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who sought care at the facilities where recruitment took place from January 2015 to December 2022. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ and cancer stage at diagnosis was compared across age groups, stratified by HIV status. Prevalence ratios were calculated for the association between age and CIN2+/CIN3+via log-binomial regression. ResultsThe prevalence of CIN2+ was similar between 30–49 years old and 50+, both among women with HIV (WWH, 15.9% and 19.3%, respectively) and without HIV (13.3% and 10.4%, respectively). Similar findings were found when CIN3+ was used as the outcome. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence ratios (PRs) across age groups for CIN2+ (adjusted PR (aPR) WWH 1.1 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.6); aPR HIV– 0.78 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.4) nor CIN3+ (aPR WWH 1.1 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.6); aPR HIV– 0.81 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.7)). Nearly half of cervical cancer diagnoses were made in women 50+; three-quarters of cases in women without HIV were diagnosed at 50+ years. ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate the prevalence of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer remains high beyond age 50 in both women with and without HIV in an LMIC context with high HIV prevalence. Screening women 50+ will allow treatment for cervical dysplasia and may provide early diagnosis of curable cervical cancer. These findings support the rapid introduction of high-performance cervical screening to increase access for women 50+. Trial registration number NCT04242823.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChen, Y., Zhou, H., Jiang, J.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) towards chemotherapy-related neutropenia and febrile neutropenia (FN) among breast cancer patients. The major hypothesis was that demographic characteristics influence patients’ KAP regarding chemotherapy-related neutropenia and FN. DesignA multi-centre cross-sectional study. SettingConducted in four secondary care hospitals between April and June 2023. ParticipantsThe study enrolled 246 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Participants were aged 18 years or older, currently on chemotherapy and willing to complete the questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included significant cognitive impairments. Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures were KAP scores regarding chemotherapy-related neutropenia and FN. Secondary outcomes included factors associated with adequate knowledge and positive attitudes. ResultsA total of 246 patients completed the questionnaire. The mean knowledge score was 12.46±6.21 (range: 0–26), and the mean attitude score was 30.00±2.58 (range: 7–35). Less than half of the patients (45.95%) knew whether their chemotherapy protocol was high risk for FN, while 79.67% were aware of the need for prophylactic administration of leukocyte-raising agents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that having a junior college education or higher was significantly associated with knowledge scores (OR=4.69, 95% CI 2.23 to 9.89, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhou, Y.-l., Long, B.-l., Liu, H.-L., Wu, J., Xia, H.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence, resistance and risk factors of community-onset urinary tract infections (COUTIs) caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) for providing a basis for the selection of clinical therapeutic agents. DesignA retrospective case–control study. SettingThe Affiliated Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (also known as The People’s Hospital of Dazu Chongqing), a 1000-bed tertiary hospital in China. Data and participantsThis study encompassed adult patients diagnosed with community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by E. coli between May 2017 and December 2022 with exclusion criteria including incomplete clinical data, disagreement to participate in the study, hospitalisation duration exceeding 48 hours prior to confirmation of diagnosis and prior history of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. Outcome measuresThe risk factors for COUTIs caused by ESBL-EC were evaluated using a case–control design, defining patients who were diagnosed with UTIs and had an ESBL-positive urine culture as the case group and patients who were diagnosed with UTIs and had an ESBL-negative urine culture as the control group. Perform drug susceptibility testing and resistance analysis on isolated ESBL-EC. ResultsIn total, 394 cases of COUTIs caused by E. coli were included; 192 cases were ESBL-positive with a detection rate of 48.7% (192/394). Parenchymal tumour, history of urolithiasis stone fragmentation, history of urological surgery, hospitalisation within 6 months, indwelling catheter outside the hospital and antibiotic use (mainly third-generation cephalosporins) were the factors significantly associated with COUTIs caused by ESBL-EC (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNegesse Simegn, Y., Wossen Samuel, A., Gebresilasie Kelelew, R., Mohammed, L. A., Liyew, A. D., Abate Belay, M.
BMJ Open, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
ObjectiveTo assess the knowledge and acceptability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and the associated factors among adolescent girls in public primary schools in Dessie Town, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia in 2020. Design, participants and methodsThis was an institutional cross-sectional study conducted from 1 November to 30 November 2020 among 844 adolescent girls. A systematic random sampling method was used to select participants, who completed a pretested, self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into EpiData V.4.6 and exported to SPSS V.25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model identified the contributing factors to HPV vaccine knowledge and acceptance. Adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% CI computed at p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Abstract Background Insecticides are a crucial component of vector control. However, resistance constitute a threat on their efficacy and the gains obtained over the years through malaria vector control. In Gabon, little data on phenotypic insecticide resistance in Anopheles vectors are published, compromising the rational implementation of resistance management strategies. We assessed the susceptibility to pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphates of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and discuss the mechanisms involved in the pyrethroid resistance-phenotype. Methods A. gambiae s.l. larvae were collected from breeding sites in Lambaréné. Emerging adults were used in WHO tube assays at an insecticide concentration that defines resistance (diagnostic concentration). Subsequently, deltamethrin and permethrin were used at 5x and 10x diagnostic concentrations and after preexposure with the cytochrome p450 (and glutathione S-transferase) inhibitor piperonyl butoxide (PBO). A subset of mosquitoes was typed by molecular methods and screened using Taqman assays for mutations conferring target site resistance at the Voltage-gated sodium channel 1014 (Vgsc-1014) locus and the acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) gene. Results All mosquitoes were A. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and resistant to permethrin, deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin (mortality less than 98%). However, mosquitoes were susceptible to malathion but resistant to bendiocarb. The level of resistance was high for permethrin and at least moderate for deltamethrin. Pre-exposure to PBO significantly increased the mortality of resistant mosquitoes (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Abstract Background China is ranked third globally in terms of burden and has a moderately high to high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). This study meticulously investigated the notification rates of TB and assessed the epidemic in China from 2000 to 2021. The aim of the study was to provide robust supporting data that is crucial for enhancing TB prevention and control strategies. Methods Extensive data regarding TB notification rates in China between 2000 and 2021 was collected. The joinpoint regression model was subsequently utilized to assess the temporal trends in the notification rates of TB, which were analyzed through the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results During the study period (2000–2021), the standardized notification rates of TB in China ranged from 38.89/100,000 to 101.15/100,000, with a significant annual average decrease of 4.43% (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Abstract Background Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease in Türkiye, which has significant direct and indirect impacts on the healthcare system and livestock. This study, which aimed to investigate the differences among Brucella spp. isolates originating from different regions of Türkiye, for implications for public health and veterinary medicine. Method Twenty-one isolates from ruminants and two isolates from humans obtained from various regions of Türkiye were utilized in the study. The isolates were identified and biotyped using traditional microbiological procedures, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed. This was followed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)--based phylogenetic analysis and WGS-based analysis of virulence and resistance genes. Additionally, phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and phage susceptibilities were determined. The obtained data were then compared for concordance, ensuring the validity and reliability of the results. Results Our study, employing culture methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and WGS analyses, identified 11 Brucella melitensis (bv 3 (n = 9), one each bv 1 and bv 2) and 12 B. abortus (bv 3 (n = 11), bv 9 (n = 1)) isolates All B. abortus isolates were of bovine origin, while the B. melitensis isolates were from sheep (n = 7), goat (n = 1), ram (n = 1), and humans (n = 2). In the whole-genome SNP-based phylogenetic tree, all B. melitensis strains were found to be of the IIb subtype of genotype II associated with the Eastern Mediterranean lineage. Ten different genotypes were identified in the SNP analysis of the isolates, with a maximum SNP difference of 278 and a minimum SNP difference of 4 among these genotypes. According to the WGS-SNP-based phylogenetic tree of B. abortus isolates, they were grouped in clade C1. In the SNP analysis, where ten different genotypes were identified, the SNP difference among these genotypes was a maximum of 316 and a minimum of 6. In the in silico MLST analysis performed with WGS data, B. melitensis isolates were identified as ST8 and ST102 genotypes, while B. abortus isolates were identified as ST2 and ST3 genotypes. The dominant genotypes were ST8 for B. melitensis and ST2 for B. abortus, respectively. Virulence gene analysis conducted based on WGS data of the 23 B. abortus and B. melitensis isolates revealed 43 virulence gene-associated regions in all strains, irrespective of species, host, or isolation year. Although classical resistance-related genes were not detected by WGS-based antimicrobial resistance gene analysis, phenotypic resistance analysis revealed resistance to azithromycin, rifampin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in B. abortus and B. melitensis isolates. Conclusion Both B. melitensis and B. abortus were circulating species in animals and human. The dominant genotypes were ST8 for B. melitensis and ST2 for B. abortus, respectively. All B. melitensis strains were found to be of the IIb subtype of genotype II associated with the Eastern Mediterranean lineage, while B. abortus isolates, they were grouped in clade C1. Further, a comprehensive study with a sufficient number of isolates covering all regions of Türkiye would provide more accurate information about the current epidemiological situation in the country.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Abstract Background Spleen abscess is a rare and serious condition. Splenectomy and imaging-guided percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) are the methods used in the treatment, but there is still a debate about the appropriate treatment for the patient. Methods The results of 16 patients treated for spleen abscesses in our clinic between 2012 and 2021 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to splenectomy and PCD. Results In the study, PCD was performed in 11 patients (68.75%), but three of these patients required splenectomy due to inadequate drainage. The patients who underwent splenectomy were significantly younger than the patients who underwent PCD (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJosé L. FachiSarah de OliveiraSusan GilfillanAlina Ulezko AntonovaJinChao HouMarco A. R. VinoloMarco ColonnaaDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110bDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, BrazilcDepartment of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 45, November 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJosé L. FachiSarah de OliveiraSusan GilfillanAlina Ulezko AntonovaJinChao HouMarco A. R. VinoloMarco ColonnaaDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110bDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, BrazilcDepartment of Anesthesiology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 45, November 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJack K. WatersBart A. Eijkelkamp1College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaCorrella S. Detweiler
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Andrea Du Toit
Nat Rev Microbiol, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Min Ge, Zesong Ruan, Ya-Xuan Zhu, Wencheng Wu, Chuang Yang, Han Lin, Jianlin Shi
Science Advances, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Sumit Kumar Das, Maroof Ahmad Khan
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Latent tuberculosis infectionQuantiFERONT-SOPT.TBpretransplant evaluationsolid organ transplantation
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 31.10.2024
Tilføjet 31.10.2024
Abstract Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) reduces the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men and transgender women. In the United States, doxy-PEP is in an early stage of integration into clinical practice, and national guidelines for its use were recently released. The goal of this manuscript is to provide practical guidance for clinicians who are considering or currently prescribing doxy-PEP. We address five clinical questions using post hoc analyses of data from the DoxyPEP randomized controlled trial and discuss the potential implications and limitations of each question with the goal of informing clinical practice and implementation of doxy-PEP programs. The questions address patient eligibility criteria for doxy-PEP, the expected benefit and associated doxy-PEP doses for the average patient, the initial number of doses prescribed, and laboratory monitoring of persons taking doxy-PEP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShuqin Gu Libo Tang Ling Guo Chunxiu Zhong Xin Fu Guofu Ye Shihong Zhong Xiaoyi Li Chunhua Wen Yang Zhou Jinling Wei Haitao Chen Nikolai Novikov Simon P. Fletcher M. Anthony Moody Jinlin Hou Yongyin Li a Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China (Southern Medical University), Ministry of Education; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Liver Diseases; Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis; Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Guangzhoua, Chinab Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USAc Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Chinad UNC HIV Cure Center, Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USAe Department of Hematology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Chinaf State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Chinag School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Chinah Department of Biology, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USAi Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Xingdong Song Jingman Tian Minghui Li Xiaoli Bai Zhiguo Zhao Jianzhong Shi Xianying Zeng Guobin Tian Yuntao Guan Hongliang Chai Yanbing Li Hualan Chen a State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Marco Carbonara, Erica Ferrari, Tatiana Birg, Veronica Punzi, Francesca Bichi, Beatrice Lazzari, Valentina Palmaverdi, Nicola Bottino, Fabrizio Ortolano, Tommaso Zoerle, Giorgio Conte, Nino Stocchetti, Elisa R. Zanier, The UOC Terapia Intensiva Presidio Temporaneo Fiera Milano Investigators group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Marco Carbonara, Erica Ferrari, Tatiana Birg, Veronica Punzi, Francesca Bichi, Beatrice Lazzari, Valentina Palmaverdi, Nicola Bottino, Fabrizio Ortolano, Tommaso Zoerle, Giorgio Conte, Nino Stocchetti, Elisa R. Zanier, The UOC Terapia Intensiva Presidio Temporaneo Fiera Milano Investigators group
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrederick Obeng-Boateng, Stephen Wilson Kpordze, Francis Addy
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Frederick Obeng-Boateng, Stephen Wilson Kpordze, Francis Addy Medical professionals continue to face a severe issue with the evolution of resistance to conventional antibiotics. The search for new novel compounds from plants has been proven to be the alternative solution. Morinda citrifolia is used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases. The present study investigates the antibacterial properties of M. citrifolia root, leaf, and fruit (fresh, dried, and fermented) extracts on three-gram-positive and five-gram-negative bacteria. The plant parts were processed and extracted in distilled water and ethanol (60%, 80%, and absolute (100%)). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were assessed in vitro using the agar well diffusion method, with Ciprofloxacin serving as the positive control. All the tests were conducted three times to obtain the average value of inhibition zones. Overall, root extracts showed the most significant antibacterial activity, followed by dried fruit, fermented fruit extract, fresh fruit, and the least leaf extract. Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests, the statistical analysis revealed significant differences in antibacterial activity among the extracts and solvent concentrations. The 100% ethanol extracts had significantly higher zones of inhibition compared to the other solvents. The most inhibitory activity was against Campylobacter spp. (21.33±1.80) for the 80% ethanol root extract. All the extracts of M. citrifolia were found to exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against all the bacteria pathogens. However, Enterococcus faecium, Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus were most sensitive to all the plant extracts while Shigella spp. and Klebsiella spp. showed resistance to most extracts. This observed difference is significant for each strain extract depending on the bacteria strain and the type of solvent extract (p < 0.001). The findings indicate a promising antimicrobial potential of M. citrifolia extracts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChen Gao, Binni Yang, Yurong Li, Wenjuan Pei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Chen Gao, Binni Yang, Yurong Li, Wenjuan Pei Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, with a very poor prognosis. Cancer cells have been observed to upregulate pH regulators, such as monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), with an increase in MCT4 expression being observed in several malignancies. MCT4/ recombinant cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) transporter complex was reported to stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, which has been proven to mediate glioblastoma invasion and migration. The present study aimed to clarify the role of the MCT4/CD147 transporter complex in glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In this work, lentiviral vectors were used to overexpress MCT4/CD147 and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence MCT4/CD147 in the human glioma cell lines U87 and U251, respectively. The effects on cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as the protein expression levels of MCT4 and CD147, extracellular lactate content and Akt activation were assessed by MTT, wound-healing and invasion assays, western blotting and colorimetric method, respectively. The analysis results suggested that cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Akt activation were decreased by siRNA in all cell lines, but were increased by lentivirus-mediated MCT4 overexpression. These findings suggest that inhibiting the activity and expression of the MCT4/CD147 transporter complex via metabolic-targeting drugs, particularly in cells with a high rate of glycolysis, should be explored as a novel strategy for glioblastoma treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaReine Yeoh, Luke Cogar, Mayes Barak, Lit Yeen Tan, Gavin Spargo, Jon Burdach
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by LaReine Yeoh, Luke Cogar, Mayes Barak, Lit Yeen Tan, Gavin Spargo, Jon Burdach Medical devices that contact non-intact skin or mucous membranes are considered semi-critical devices and must undergo high-level disinfection (HLD) before use. Studies have identified several potential limitations of UV-C for HLD of semi-critical medical devices, including a lack of data demonstrating that UV-C irradiance can be uniformly applied to complex surfaces that contain grooves, notches and imperfections. This study focused on ultrasound probes as commonly used medical devices to show the distribution of irradiance on these surfaces. An endocavity bi-plane probe and curved array surface probe with typical surface topology were 3D scanned and modelled and an array of UV-C light-emitting diodes (LEDs) irradiating the probe surfaces was simulated (simulated wavelength: 275nm [peak], power output: 50mW). The simulated chamber wall material was equivalent to highly reflective polished aluminum with a defined reflectance of 79% at 275nm. To calculate the cycle time required to achieve HLD on probe surfaces, a minimum effective dosage of 1500mJ/cm2 based on published research was used. The simulated irradiance distribution showed a large difference between the points of highest and lowest irradiance (maximum/minimum ratio: 14.70 for the surface probe and 12.74 for the endocavity probe). In addition, the presence of shadowing effects adjacent to notches or grooves was evident. By applying an effective UV-C dose from the literature, cycle times of up to 25 minutes would be required to achieve HLD in the minimally irradiated areas of the probes used in the simulation. These findings highlight the need to demonstrate the efficacy of UV-C radiation against worst case organisms in the areas of lowest irradiance on medical devices to provide assurance these devices are reliably high level disinfected.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMotoki Imai, Fumitaka Kawakami, Takayuki Uematsu, Toshihide Matsumoto, Rei Kawashima, Yoshifumi Kurosaki, Shun Tamaki, Shotaro Maehana, Takafumi Ichikawa, Hideaki Hanaki, Hidero Kitazato, Makoto Kubo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Motoki Imai, Fumitaka Kawakami, Takayuki Uematsu, Toshihide Matsumoto, Rei Kawashima, Yoshifumi Kurosaki, Shun Tamaki, Shotaro Maehana, Takafumi Ichikawa, Hideaki Hanaki, Hidero Kitazato, Makoto Kubo COVID-19, an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the WHO in 2020. Psychiatric symptoms including sleep disturbance, memory impairment, and depression are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. These symptoms are causes long-term mental and physical distress in recovering patients; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we determined the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on brain tissue using k18hACE2 mice. Using brain tissue from 18hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 through intranasal administration, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and RNA were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2)-positive cells and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were co-localized in the ventral tegmental area of SARS-CoV-2-infected mice. We observed decreased TPH2 expression and increased accumulation of phosphorylated tau protein and Phospho-Histone H2A.X (γH2AX) expression in the ventral tegmental region. In addition, activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) was induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of TPH2-positive cells in the ventral tegmental area induces neuronal cell death through increased accumulation of phosphorylated tau. Attenuation of the GSK3β pathway and decreased serotonin synthesis through suppression of TPH2 expression may contribute to the development of neurological symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShuo Liu, Jianwei Ren, Jiyuan Li, Detao Yu, Hang Xu, Fang He, Nianfeng Li, Ling Zou, Zhi Cao, Jianxin Wen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Shuo Liu, Jianwei Ren, Jiyuan Li, Detao Yu, Hang Xu, Fang He, Nianfeng Li, Ling Zou, Zhi Cao, Jianxin Wen This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiota in diarrheal mink. We conducted Shotgun metagenomic sequencing on samples from five groups of diarrheal mink and five groups of healthy mink. The microbiota α-diversity and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthology did not show significant differences between the groups. However, significant differences were observed in microbiota β-diversity and the function of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) between diarrheal and healthy mink. Specifically, The relative abundance of Firmicutes was lower, whereas that of Bacteroidetes was higher in diarrheal mink. Fusobacteria were enriched as invasive bacteria in the gut of diarrheal mink compared with healthy mink. In addition, Escherichia albertii was identified as a new bacterium in diarrheal mink. Regarding functions, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and glycoside hydrolases 2 (GH2) family were the enhanced KEGG orthology and CAZymes in diarrheal mink. Furthermore, the diversity and number of antibiotic-resistant genes were significantly higher in the diarrheal mink group than in the healthy group. These findings enhance our understanding of the gut microbiota of adult mink and may lead to new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of mink diarrhea.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEssra Youssef, Anna Calvert, Vanessa Greening, Dominique Pearce, Suzannah Wright, Emma Eccleston, Lolade Oshodi, Paul Heath, Tushna Vandrevala
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Essra Youssef, Anna Calvert, Vanessa Greening, Dominique Pearce, Suzannah Wright, Emma Eccleston, Lolade Oshodi, Paul Heath, Tushna Vandrevala Background Vaccination during pregnancy is an important healthcare intervention for safeguarding the health of the mother and their infants. Ethnic disparities in recruitment to vaccine research studies during pregnancy potentially contribute to health inequalities. The aim of the current study was to explore the barriers and enablers influencing the willingness of pregnant women from ethnic minority backgrounds to participate in vaccine research studies. Methods and findings Semi-structured qualitative online interviews were conducted with 23 pregnant women from diverse ethnic backgrounds in the UK. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed. Our findings suggest that participants perceived vaccines and vaccine research, in principle, to be beneficial to the individual and to society, and understood the value of vaccination in mitigating severity of disease and protecting the health of mothers and their infants. Apprehension over the safety of vaccination in pregnancy was common and reduced willingness to participate. For those that decided to participate in vaccine trials in pregnancy, this was seen as an act of solidarity, a way to contribute to a collective responsibility for the public health of the community. Personal and community connections and representation—seeing people from their own communities represented in in the recruitment process shapped decisions about vaccine trial participating. Trust and mistrust in health systems, shaped by past experiences of interacting with healthcare professionals were likely to inform whether they would consider participating. Practical considerations such as excessive time commitments related to study procedures, travel and organising childcare were barrier to participation. The level of invasiveness of trial procedures were also a concern, although increased monitoring during the trial was seen as a potential benefit, mitigating some safety concerns. Conclusions Our study reinforcing previously identified barriers to vaccine participation among pregnant women from diverse ethnic communities. This study underlines the need to develop tailored interventions that focus on fostering trust with the aid of community engagement to understand cultural contexts, establishing authentic representation, and address practical considerations, to contribute to enhancing vaccine trial participation in pregnancy in those from diverse ethnic communities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKelly W. Gagnon, Kaylee Burgan, Morgan Mulrain, Stefan Baral, Karen Cropsey, Michael Mugavero, Ellen Eaton
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Kelly W. Gagnon, Kaylee Burgan, Morgan Mulrain, Stefan Baral, Karen Cropsey, Michael Mugavero, Ellen Eaton People living with HIV are disproportionately affected by depression, anxiety, and substance use which impede engagement with HIV treatment services and can increase risks of HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Capturing timely, accurate patient data at point of care is recommended to inform clinical decision-making and retain patients on the HIV care continuum. Currently, there is limited use of validated screening tools for substance use and mental health at the point of care in HIV clinics, even though people with HIV (PWH) have a high prevalence of these comorbidities. Even fewer clinics screen in a manner that encourages disclosure of stigmatized substance use, depression, and anxiety. Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) are an evidence-based modality to overcome such limitations by eliciting responses directly from patients via tablet, smartphone, or computer. To date, there is limited consensus on how to implement ePROs into non-academic settings and enhance uptake. Our team sought to address this gap by examining the implementation of ePROs, previously implemented in an academic clinic, to enhance screening and treatment of mental health (MH) and substance use at five Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded clinics in Alabama. The ePROs were delivered through a multi-component intervention titled HIV + Service delivery and Telemedicine through Effective Patient Reported Outcomes (+STEP), which also provides targeted training to frontline clinicians, and resources for MH and substance use treatment for PWH without access to care. The objective of this study is to provide an implementation blueprint that can be tested and utilized in other HIV clinics to integrate ePROs and increase evidence-based screening for depression, anxiety, and substance use among PWH, as well as outline lessons learned from implementation to date. The findings from this study provide practical steps and advice based on our experience in implementing electronic patient-reported outcomes in HIV clinics in the US Deep South.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLea Duesterwald, Marcus Nguyen, Paul Christensen, S. Wesley Long, Randall J. Olsen, James M. Musser, James J. Davis
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Lea Duesterwald, Marcus Nguyen, Paul Christensen, S. Wesley Long, Randall J. Olsen, James M. Musser, James J. Davis Over the last four years, each successive wave of the COVID-19 pandemic has been caused by variants with mutations that improve the transmissibility of the virus. Despite this, we still lack tools for predicting clinically important features of the virus. In this study, we show that it is possible to predict the PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values from clinical detection assays using sequence data. Ct values often correspond with patient viral load and the epidemiological trajectory of the pandemic. Using a collection of 36,335 high quality genomes, we built models from SARS-CoV-2 intrahost single nucleotide variant (iSNV) data, computing XGBoost models from the frequencies of A, T, G, C, insertions, and deletions at each position relative to the Wuhan-Hu-1 reference genome. Our best model had an R2 of 0.604 [0.593–0.616, 95% confidence interval] and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 5.247 [5.156–5.337], demonstrating modest predictive power. Overall, we show that the results are stable relative to an external holdout set of genomes selected from SRA and are robust to patient status and the detection instruments that were used. This study highlights the importance of developing modeling strategies that can be applied to publicly available genome sequence data for use in disease prevention and control.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSamia S. Alkhalil, Taghreed N. Almanaa, Raghad A. Altamimi, Mohnad Abdalla, Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Samia S. Alkhalil, Taghreed N. Almanaa, Raghad A. Altamimi, Mohnad Abdalla, Amr Ahmed El-Arabey Microorganisms in the gut and other niches may contribute to carcinogenesis while also altering cancer immune surveillance and therapeutic response. However, determining the impact of genetic variations and interplay with intestinal microbes’ environment is difficult and unanswered. Here, we examined the frequency of thirteen mutant genes that caused aberrant gut in thirty different types of cancer using The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database. Substantially, our findings show that all these mutated genes are quite frequent in uterine corpus endometrial cancer (UCEC). Further, these mutant genes are implicated in the infiltration of different subset of immune cells within the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) of UCEC patients. The top-ranking mutant genes that promote immune cell invasion into the TME of UCEC patients were PGLYRP2, OLFM4, and TLR5. In this regard, we used the same deconvolution of the TCGA database to analyze the microbiome that have a strong association with immune cells invasion with TME of UCEC patients. Several bacteria and viruses have been linked to the invasion of immune cells, such as B cell memory and T cell regulatory (Tregs), into the TME of UCEC patients. As a result, our findings pave the way for future research into generating novel immunizations against bacteria or viruses as immunotherapy for UCEC patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrea K. Knittel, Gabriel Varela, Ella G. Ferguson, Hannah Hulshult, Jamie B. Jackson, James Moody, Adaora A. Adimora
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Andrea K. Knittel, Gabriel Varela, Ella G. Ferguson, Hannah Hulshult, Jamie B. Jackson, James Moody, Adaora A. Adimora Background Many cisgender women in the US who have experienced incarceration are at substantial risk for HIV acquisition after they return to the community. Various network interventions have been leveraged for HIV prevention in this population. The objective of this study was to identify network and relationship determinants of influence on HIV prevention decisions, including PrEP. Methods We conducted interviews with a network mapping exercise with participants recruited from the social and sexual networks of women who had experienced incarceration. Participants enumerated important individuals in their lives from the past six months and provided demographic and relationship data as well as whether each relationship influenced their HIV prevention decisions. We abstracted network data from the interview transcripts and described the data set using descriptive statistics and network density graphs. To measure associations between characteristics at each level and whether a relationship was considered influential regarding PrEP decision-making, we use multiple logistic regression with random intercepts for each respondent. Results We interviewed 32 participants, average age 33.5 years (SD = 8.98), majority female (n = 28, 87.5%), white (n = 23, 71.8%), heterosexual/straight (n = 25, 78.1%), and with a personal history of incarceration (n = 29, 90%). They reported 253 relationships (119 family, 116 friend, 18 sexual relationships). Most adult network members had used drugs or alcohol (n = 182, 80.9%), and of those, 30.8% had used them with the participant (n = 53). The mean network size was 7 (SD = 4) and network density was 52.2%. In the full model, significant positive predictors of an influential relationship included participant non-heterosexual identity (OR 27.8), older average age in the network (OR 3.9 per standard deviation), and being a current or prior sexual partner (OR 10.1). Significant negative predictors included relationships with individuals who use or had used drugs (OR 0.28), longer average relationship duration in the network (OR 0.09) and being in a network with at least one sexual partner (OR 0.2). Conclusions There are significant positive and negative determinants of relationship influence related to PrEP at individual-, dyad-, relationship-, and network-levels. These support using nuanced network approaches to behavior change that respect and leverage the diversity of relationships that comprise the social networks of women who have experienced incarceration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXinghuang Liu, Bayasgalan Luvsandagva, Dongke Wang, Siran Zhu, Zhiyue Xu, Dan Zhou, Xiaotian Xie, Wei Qian, Xiaohua Hou, Tao Bai
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Xinghuang Liu, Bayasgalan Luvsandagva, Dongke Wang, Siran Zhu, Zhiyue Xu, Dan Zhou, Xiaotian Xie, Wei Qian, Xiaohua Hou, Tao Bai Objective This study focused on the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the omicron variant infection and the related factors based on digestive health. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on individuals infected with the omicron variant. A structured questionnaire was developed to gather their demographic characteristics, preexisting digestive problems (diseases & symptoms), and clinical manifestations during the infection. Results 11,484 questionnaires were received from online platforms. 7,929 infected participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 4,225 (53.3%) were females, and the mean age was 36.0±8.8 years old. In general, the proportion of GI symptoms in the omicron variant infection was 31.4% (62.6% and 25.0% in participants with pre-existing digestive problems and those without, respectively). The participants with pre-existing digestive problems exhibited more severe clinical manifestations during infection compared to those without. Notably, participants with gastrointestinal symptoms during the infection had more severe clinical manifestations, regardless of basic digestive health. Upper, rather than lower GI symptoms were more closely associated with the severity of the clinical manifestations. NSAIDs may increase the occurrence of GI symptoms in participants with a healthy digestive system but not in those with preexisting digestive problems. Conclusion Patients infected with the omicron variant may experience more severe clinical symptoms if they have gastrointestinal issues. Digestive health strongly influences the occurrence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the severity of clinical manifestations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSwagatika Panda, Lipsa Rout, Neeta Mohanty, Anurag Satpathy, Bhabani Sankar Satapathy, Shakti Rath, Divya Gopinath
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
by Swagatika Panda, Lipsa Rout, Neeta Mohanty, Anurag Satpathy, Bhabani Sankar Satapathy, Shakti Rath, Divya Gopinath Background Streptococcus mutans is a major contributor to dental caries due to its ability to produce acid and survive in biofilms. Microbial resistance towards common antimicrobial agents like chlorhexidine and triclosan has shifted the research towards antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this context, Toluidine Blue O (TBO) is being explored for its photosensitizing properties against Streptococcus mutans. There is a huge variation in the effective concentration of TBO among the current studies owing to the differences in source of and delivery system TBO as well as the time, power and energy densities of light. Objective The primary objectives of this study are to encapsulate improved Toluidine Blue O (ITBO) in nanoliposomes (NLITBO), characterize it, and evaluate its antibacterial photosensitizing potential against Streptococcus mutans suspensions in vitro. Method ITBO was synthesised as per Indian patent (number -543908). NLITBO was prepared using the thin-film hydration method. Dynamic light scattering experiment determined the vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. Surface features were characterized by Scanning and Transmission Electron microscopy. ITBO release from NLITBO was assessed using the extrapolation method. The antibacterial activity of the NLITBO was determined by evaluating the zone of inhibition (ZOI) in the Streptococcus mutans culture and comparing with 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NLITBO as a photosensitizer with red light (wavelength 650nm, power density 0.1 W/cm2, energy density 9–9.1 J/ cm2, 90seconds time) was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans cells by colorimetric method in 96 well plate. Results Percentage drug loading, loading efficiency, yield percentage, vesicle size, PDI, Zeta potential of NLTBO was reported as 9.3±0.4%, 84.4±7.6%, 73.5%, 123.52 nm, 0.57, -39.54mV respectively. Clusters of uni-lamellar nanovesicles with smooth non-perforated surfaces were observed in SEM and TEM. The size of the vesicle was within 100 nm. At 24 hours, a cumulative 79.81% of ITBO was released from NLITBO. Mean ZOI and MIC of NLITBO (1 μg /ml) were found to be 0.7±0.2 mm, 0.6μg/ml respectively. Conclusion We have synthesized and encapsulated improved Toluidine Blue O (ITBO) in nanoliposomes (NLITBO) and thoroughly characterized the formulation. The antibacterial efficacy of NLITBO without light was demonstrated by ZOI which is similar to 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. MIC of NLITBO as a photosensitiser along with the optimal light parameter was also proposed in this study. These findings suggested that NLITBO could serve as an effective alternative to conventional antibacterial treatments in managing Streptococcus mutans rich biofilms. It can have potential pharmaceutical application in oral health care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Abstract Background Reports on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of malaria care and burden in sub Saharan Africa have provided a mixed picture to date. The impact of the 2nd (Delta) and 3rd (Omicron) COVID-19 waves on outpatient malaria indicators and case management practices was assessed at three public health facilities with varying malaria transmission intensities in Uganda. Methods Individual level data from all patients presenting to the out-patient departments (OPD) of the three facilities (Kasambya, Walukuba and Lumino) between January 2019 and February 2022 were included in the analysis. Outcomes of interest included total number of outpatient (OPD) visits, proportion of patients suspected to have malaria, proportion of suspected malaria cases tested with a malaria diagnostic test, test positivity rates (TPR) and proportion of malaria cases prescribed artemether-lumefantrine (AL). Using the pre-COVID-19 trends between January 2019 and February 2020, interrupted time series analysis was used to predict the expected trends for these study outcomes during the 2nd wave (May 2021–August 2021) and 3rd wave (November 2021–February 2022). The observed trends of the study outcomes were compared with the expected trends. Results There were no significant differences between the observed versus expected overall outpatient visits in the 2nd wave, however, a significant decline in OPD attendance was observed during the 3rd wave (15,101 vs 31,154; incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.48 [0.41–0.56]). No significant differences in the overall observed versus expected proportions of suspected malaria cases and test positivity rates in both COVID waves. However, a significant decrease in the overall proportion of suspected malaria cases tested with a malaria diagnostic test was observed during the 3rd wave (99.86% vs 99.99%; relative percent ratio [RPR] = 0.99 [0.99–0.99]). Finally, a significant decline in the overall proportion of malaria cases prescribed AL was observed during the 2nd wave (94.99% vs 99.85%; RPR = 0.95 [0.92–0.98]) but not the 3rd wave. Conclusion Significant declines in OPD attendance and suspected malaria cases tested with malaria diagnostic test were observed during the 3rd COVID-19 wave, while AL prescription significantly reduced during the 2nd COVID-19 wave. These findings add to the body of knowledge highlighting the adverse impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the malaria which could explain the increase in the malaria burden observed during this period.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Abstract Background The use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) is a strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for malaria prevention. In Nigeria, ITNs have been periodically distributed since 2007 through campaigns. Campaign activities and assets are typically tracked using either a paper-based or digital system. In 2017, a digital approach was introduced in Ondo state for tracking attendance at training sessions as part of the ITN campaign. Following the success of the 2017 introduction, subsequent campaigns planned to digitise other aspects of the campaign to improve accountability and efficiency of the ITN distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic posed additional challenges for the ITN distribution planned for 2021 and adaptations were made to the programme strategy to ensure the campaign could go ahead safely. This article presents lessons and experiences from the 2021 ITN distribution campaign in Ondo state, Nigeria. Methods The campaign used RedRose, a customised mobile application, to monitor the planning and delivery of the campaign, collect household information including training personnel and tracking the transfer of ITNs between distribution hubs and households. ITNs were delivered through a single-phase door-to-door distribution strategy. Results The campaign distributed 2,965,125 ITNs covering 1,057,577 households across Ondo state. The digital application was beneficial for monitoring the quality of implementation and tracking assets and staff to ensure safety.. The single-phase door-to-door approach was more convenient for households compared to fixed-point distribution but increased the workload for mobilization and distribution teams. Conclusions Single phase door-to-door strategy using digital tools was an effective method to increase coverage of ITNs while closely tracking the progress of distribution campaigns. High-quality population data are needed to further improve the planning and implementation of ITN campaigns and other health interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWassihun Wedajo AragawTewodros T. GebresilaseDereje A. NegatuVéronique DartoisThomas Dick1Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA2Armauer Hansen Research Institute (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia3Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia4Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia5Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey, USA6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USAJared A. Silverman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Liqin WangYamei LiLeshan XiuLihua HuJia HuangGang YongYouwei WangWenling CaoYang YangFeng WangWeiming GuJunping Peng1NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China2Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China3Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China4Core Unit of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China5School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China6One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, China7Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Deqing, China8Department of Laboratory Medicine and Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China9Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China10Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China11Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China12Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaRyan K. Shields
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Fanny S. Mitrani-GoldShinyoung JuMyriam DrysdaleAnna SchultzeGeorge MuJohn Logie1GSK, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA2GSK, London, United Kingdom3London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United KingdomPranita D. Tamma
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Junsheng FanZhili TanSiyuan HeAnqi LiYaping JiaJuan LiZhemin ZhangBing LiHaiqing Chu1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China2School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China3Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, ChinaSean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Sungmin ZoJunsu ChoeDae Hun KimSu-Young KimByung Woo Jhun1Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South KoreaSean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024