Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Ingen søgeord valgt.
38 emner vises.
Fanghui Shi, Jiajia Zhang, Chengbo Zeng, Xiaowen Sun, Zhenlong Li, Xueying Yang, Sharon Weissman, Bankole Olatosi, Xiaoming Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
by Fanghui Shi, Jiajia Zhang, Chengbo Zeng, Xiaowen Sun, Zhenlong Li, Xueying Yang, Sharon Weissman, Bankole Olatosi, Xiaoming Li Background Timely linkage to care (LTC) is key in the HIV care continuum, as it enables people newly diagnosed with HIV (PNWH) to benefit from HIV treatment at the earliest stage. Previous studies have found LTC disparities by individual factors, but data are limited beyond the individual level, especially at the county level. This study examined the temporal and geographic variations of county-level LTC status across 46 counties in South Carolina (SC) from 2010 to 2018 and the association of county-level characteristics with LTC status. Methods All adults newly diagnosed with HIV from 2010 to 2018 in SC were included in this study. County-level LTC status was defined as 1 = “high LTC (≥ yearly national LTC percentage)” and 0 = “low LTC (< yearly national LTC percentage)”. A generalized estimating equation model with stepwise selection was employed to examine the relationship between 29 county-level characteristics and LTC status. Results The number of counties with high LTC in SC decreased from 34 to 21 from 2010 to 2018. In the generalized estimating equation model, six out of 29 factors were significantly associated with LTC status. Counties with a higher percentage of males (OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.02~0.29) and persons with at least four years of college (OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.02~0.34) were less likely to have high LTC. However, counties with more mental health centers per PNWH (OR = 45.09, 95%CI: 6.81~298.55) were more likely to have high LTC. Conclusions Factors associated with demographic characteristics and healthcare resources contributed to the variations of LTC status at the county level. Interventions targeting increasing the accessibility to mental health facilities could help improve LTC.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid J. Braun, Hilaree N. Frazier, Verda A. Davis, Meggie J. Coleman, Colin B. Rogers, Linda J. Van Eldik
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
by David J. Braun, Hilaree N. Frazier, Verda A. Davis, Meggie J. Coleman, Colin B. Rogers, Linda J. Van Eldik The p38 alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α) is linked to both innate and adaptive immune responses and is under investigation as a target for drug development in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other conditions with neuroinflammatory dysfunction. While preclinical data has shown that p38α inhibition can protect against AD-associated neuropathology, the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Inhibitors of p38α may provide benefit via modulation of microglial-associated neuroinflammatory responses that contribute to AD pathology. The present study tests this hypothesis by knocking out microglial p38α and assessing early-stage pathological changes. Conditional knockout of microglial p38α was accomplished in 5-month-old C57BL/6J wild-type and amyloidogenic AD model (APPswe/PS1dE9) mice using a tamoxifen-inducible Cre/loxP system under control of the Cx3cr1 promoter. Beginning at 7.5 months of age, animals underwent behavioral assessment on the open field, followed by a later radial arm water maze test and collection of cortical and hippocampal tissues at 11 months. Additional endpoint measures included quantification of proinflammatory cytokines, assessment of amyloid burden and plaque deposition, and characterization of microglia-plaque dynamics. Loss of microglial p38α did not alter behavioral outcomes, proinflammatory cytokine levels, or overall amyloid plaque burden. However, this manipulation did significantly increase hippocampal levels of soluble Aβ42 and reduce colocalization of Iba1 and 6E10 in a subset of microglia in close proximity to plaques. The data presented here suggest that rather than reducing inflammation per se, the net effect of microglial p38α inhibition in the context of early AD-type amyloid pathology is a subtle alteration of microglia-plaque interactions. Encouragingly from a therapeutic standpoint, these data suggest no detrimental effect of even substantial decreases in microglial p38α in this context. Additionally, these results support future investigations of microglial p38α signaling at different stages of disease, as well as its relationship to phagocytic processes in this particular cell-type.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSilan Ünal, Paul Schnitzler, Nicola Giesen, Marianne Wedde, Ralf Dürrwald, Julia Tabatabai
Journal of Medical Virology, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Leyre Serrano, Luis Alberto Ruiz, Silvia Perez-Fernandez, Pedro Pablo España, Ainhoa Gomez, Beatriz Gonzalez, Ane Uranga, Sonia Castro, Milagros Iriberri, Rafael Zalacain
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Traditionally, CAP has been considered an acute illness in which once the initial process has been passed, the patient fully recovers with no implications for long-term survival. In contrast, some recent studies have observed a higher risk of death after recovery from the acute episode than that in the general population [2,3,4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrandon M. Wills, Preeti Garai, Molly O. Riegert, Felix T. Sanchez, Adam M. Pickrum, Dara W. Frank, Kenneth L. BrockmanaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USAbDepartment of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA, Manuela Raffatellu
Infection and Immunity, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Jason R. Devlin, Judith BehnsenaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Karen M. Ottemann
Infection and Immunity, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Samantha Lempke, Dana May, Sarah E. EwaldaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, Karen M. Ottemann
Infection and Immunity, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Jian Xu, Dongshuo Li, Jinghua Shi, Bin Wang, Fei Ge, Zhenyong Guo, Xiaopan Mu, Eric Nuermberger, Yu LuaBeijing Key Laboratory of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, and Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinabCenter for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USAcDepartment of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Christophe Le Terrier, Patrice Nordmann, Charlotte Freret, Marion Seigneur, Laurent POIRELaEmerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, SwitzerlandbDivision of Intensive care unit, University hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandcSwiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Fribourg, SwitzerlanddUniversity of Lausanne and University hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Infectious Disease Modelling, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 31 May 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Zenebe Shiferaw Kifle, Legesse Lemecha Obsu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInternational Journal for Parasitology, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 30 May 2023 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Mélanie Duc, Tanja Himmel, Mikas Ilgūnas, Vytautas Eigirdas, Herbert Weissenböck, Gediminas Valkiūnas
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundRifampin-resistant tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide; only one-third of persons initiate treatment and outcomes are often inadequate. Several trials demonstrate 90% efficacy using an all-oral, six-month regimen of bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid (BPaL), but significant toxicity occurred using 1200 mg linezolid. After U.S. FDA approval in 2019, some U.S. clinicians rapidly implemented BPaL using an initial linezolid 600 mg dose adjusted by serum drug concentrations and clinical monitoring.MethodsData from U.S. patients treated with BPaL between 10/14/2019 and 4/30/2022 were compiled and analyzed by the BPaL Implementation Group (BIG), including baseline examination and laboratory, electrocardiographic, and clinical monitoring throughout treatment and follow-up. Linezolid dosing and clinical management was provider-driven, and most had linezolid adjusted by therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).ResultsOf 70 patients starting BPaL, two changed to rifampin-based therapy, 68 (97.1%) completed BPaL, and two of these 68 (2.9%) patients relapsed after completion. Using an initial 600 mg linezolid dose daily adjusted by TDM and careful clinical and laboratory monitoring for side effects, supportive care, and expert consultation throughout BPaL treatment, three (4.4%) patients with hematologic toxicity and four (5.9%) with neurotoxicity required a change in linezolid dose or frequency. The median BPaL duration was 6 months.ConclusionsBPaL has transformed treatment for rifampin-resistant or intolerant tuberculosis. In this cohort, effective treatment required less than half the duration recommended in ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA 2019 guidelines for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Use of individualized linezolid dosing and monitoring likely enhanced safety and treatment completion. The BIG cohort demonstrates that early implementation of new tuberculosis treatments in the U.S. is feasible.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYunlong LiSoneya MajumdarRyan TreenManjuli R. SharmaJamie CorroHoward B. GamperSwati R. ManjariJerome PrusaNilesh K. BanavaliChristina L. StallingsYa-Ming HouRajendra K. AgrawalAnil K. OjhaaDivision of Genetics, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12208bDivision of Translational Medicine, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12237cDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208dDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107eDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTadashi HosoyaSeiya ObaYoji KomiyaDaisuke KawataMari KamiyaHideyuki IwaiSho MiyamotoMichiyo KataokaMinoru TobiumeTakayuki KannoAkira AinaiHiroyuki SatoAkihiro HirakawaYuichi MitsuiTakashi SatohKenji WakabayashiTetsuya YamadaYasuhiro OtomoYasunari MiyazakiHideki HasegawaTadaki SuzukiShinsuke YasudaaDepartment of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, JapanbDepartment of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, JapancDepartment of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, JapandDepartment of Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, JapaneDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, JapanfDepartment of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, JapangTrauma and Acute Critical Care Medical Center, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, JapanhDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, JapaniCenter for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSang Woo ParkKaiyuan SunSam AbbottRon SenderYinon M. Bar-onJoshua S. WeitzSebastian FunkBryan T. GrenfellJantien A. BackerJacco WallingaCecile ViboudJonathan DushoffaDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544bDivision of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892cCentre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKdDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UKeDepartment of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, IsraelfSchool of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332gSchool of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332hInstitut de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris 75005, FranceiPrinceton School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08542jCenter for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720 Bilthoven, The NetherlandskDepartment of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 Leiden, The NetherlandslDepartment of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 ON, CanadamDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 ON, CanadanM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8 ON, Canada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarvin PetersenFelix Leonard NägeleCarola MayerMaximilian SchellElina PetersenSimone KühnJürgen GallinatJens FiehlerOfer PasternakJakob MatschkeMarkus GlatzelRaphael TwerenboldChristian GerloffGötz ThomallaBastian ChengaDepartment of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, GermanybDepartment of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, 20251 Hamburg, GermanycPopulation Health Research Department, University Heart and Vascular Center, 20251 Hamburg, GermanydDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, GermanyeDepartment of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, GermanyfDepartment of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 202115 Boston, MAgDepartment of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 202 Boston, MAhInstitute of Neuropathology, University Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251 GemanyiGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20251 Hamburg, GermanyjUniversity Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Heart and Vascular Center, 202115 Hamburg, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnna KnöppelOscar BroströmKonrad GrasJohan ElfDavid FangeaDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbdelahhad BarbourLeif SmithMorvarid OveisiMcKinley WilliamsRuo Chen HuangCara MarksNoah FineChunxiang SunFereshteh YounesiSina ZargaranRavi OruguntyThomas D. HorvathSigmund J. HaidacherAnthony M. HaagAmarpreet SabharwalBoris HinzMichael GlogaueraFaculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, CanadabDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843cLaboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, CanadadSano Chemicals Inc, Bryan, TX 77803eDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030fTexas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030gSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadahDepartment of Dental Oncology, Maxillofacial and Ocular Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicoletta ComminsMark R. SullivanKerry McGowenEvan M. KochEric J. RubinMaha FarhataDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115bDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115cDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115dDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJammy MariottonEmmanuel CohenAiwei ZhuCédric AuffrayCaio César Barbosa BomfimNicolas Barry DelongchampsMarc ZerbibMorgane BomselYonatan GanoraLaboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of infection Immunity and Inflammation, Universiteé Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, FrancebLaboratory of Regulation of T Cell Effector Functions, Department of infection Immunity and Inflammation, Universiteé Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, FrancecUrology Service, Groupe Hospitalier (GH) Cochin-St Vincent de Paul, F-75014 Paris, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJing ShiZhenzhen FengJuncao XuFangfang LiYuqiong ZhangAijia WenFulin WangQian SongLu WangHong CuiShujuan TongPeiying ChenYejin ZhuGuoping ZhaoShuang WangYu FengWei LinaDepartment of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, ChinabDepartment of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, ChinacDepartment of Infectious Disease of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, ChinadKey Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032 Shanghai, ChinaeMOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinafGuangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinagSongshan Lake Materials Laboratory, 523808 Dongguan, Guangdong, ChinahPasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, 251000 Soochow, ChinaiBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, ChinajState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, ChinakNanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAla AldahanaDepartment of Geosciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJanardan P. PandeyaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2230
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 22, May 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup distribution and timing of RSV seasonal epidemics, possibly due to not accounting for confounders such as meteorological factors. We aimed to improve the understanding of the association through a global-level systematic analysis that accounted for these potential confounders.MethodsWe compiled published data on RSV seasonality through a systematic literature review, and supplemented with unpublished data shared by international collaborators. RSV seasonal characteristics were defined for each study-year based on the annual cumulative proportion (ACP) of RSV-positive cases, with ACP of 10% and 90% being defined as season onset and offset, respectively. Linear regression models with study-level clustered standard errors were conducted to analyse the association of proportion of RSV-A with the corresponding RSV season onset and offset separately, while accounting for meteorological factors.ResultsWe included a total of 36 studies from 36 sites in 20 countries, which cumulatively provided data for 179 study-years in 1995–2019. Overall, year-on-year variations in RSV season onset, offset, and duration were generally comparable among tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate regions. Regression analysis by latitude groups showed that RSV subgroup distribution was not significantly associated with RSV season onset or offset globally; the only exception was for RSV season offset in the tropics in one model, possibly by chance. Models that included both RSV subgroup distribution and meteorological factors only jointly explained 2–4% of the variations in RSV season onset and offset.ConclusionGlobally, RSV subgroup distribution had negligible impact on the RSV seasonal characteristics. RSV subgroup distribution and meteorological factors jointly could only explain limited year-on-year variations in RSV season onset and offset. The role of population susceptibility, mobility, and viral interference should be examined in future studies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in adults that can result in hospitalisations. Estimating RSV-associated hospitalisation is critical for planning RSV-related healthcare across Europe.MethodsWe gathered RSV-associated hospitalisation estimates from the RSV Consortium in Europe (RESCEU) for adults in Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, and Scotland from 2006-2017. We extrapolated these estimates to 28 EU countries using nearest-neighbour matching, multiple imputations, and two sets of 10 indicators.ResultsOn average, 158229 (95%CI:140865-175592) RSV-associated hospitalisations occur annually among adults in the EU (≥18years); 92% of these hospitalisations occur in adults ≥65years. Among 75-84years, the annual average is estimated at 74519 (69923-79115) at a rate of 2.24 (2.10-2.38) per 1000. Among ≥85years, the annual average is estimated at 37904 (32444-43363) at a rate of 2.99 (2.56-3.42).ConclusionOur estimates of RSV-associated hospitalisations in adults are the first analysis integrating available data to provide the disease burden across the EU. Importantly, for a condition considered in the past to be primarily a disease of young children, the average annual hospitalisation estimate in adults was lower but of a similar magnitude to the estimate in young children(0-4years): 158229 (140865–175592) versus 245244 (224688–265799).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundNo overall estimate of RSV-associated hospitalisations in children under 5 years has been published for the European Union (EU). We aimed to estimate the RSV hospitalisation burden in children under 5 years in EU countries and Norway, by age group.MethodsWe collated national RSV-associated hospitalisation estimates calculated using linear regression models via the RESCEU project for Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, the Netherlands and Scotland during 2006-2018. Additional estimates were obtained from a systematic review. Using the multiple imputation and nearest neighbour matching methods, we estimated overall RSV-associated hospitalisations and rates in the EU.ResultsAdditional estimates for only two countries (France and Spain) were found in the literature. In the EU, an average of 245,244 (95%CI 224,688-265,799) yearly hospital admissions with a respiratory infection per year were associated with RSV in children under the age of 5, with most cases occurring among children aged less than 1 year (75%). Infants aged less than 2 months represented the most affected group (71.6 per 1,000 children; 66.6-76.6).ConclusionOur findings will help support decisions regarding prevention efforts and represent an important benchmark to understand changes in the RSV burden following the introduction of RSV immunisation programs in Europe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer (LC) have similar clinical symptoms and atypical imaging findings which are easily misdiagnosed. There is an urgent need for a noninvasive and accurate biomarker to distinguish LC from TB.MethodsA total of 694 subjects were enrolled and divided into discovery set (n = 122), identification set (n = 214), and validation set (n = 358). Metabolites were identified by multivariate and univariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers.ResultsSeven metabolites were identified and validated. Phenylalanylphenylalanine for distinguish LC from TB yielded an area under the curve of 0.89, sensitivity of 71%, and specificity of 92%. It also showed good diagnostic abilities in discovery set and identification set. Compared with that in healthy volunteers (1.57 (1.01, 2.34) μg·mL-1), it was elevated in LC (4.76 (2.74-7.08) μg·mL-1; ratio of median, ROM = 3.03, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBenedikt D. Huttner, Mike Sharland, Angela Huttner
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Dogma is defined as “a belief or set of beliefs that is accepted by the members of a group without being questioned or doubted” (https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/dogma; accessed May 2, 2023). Everyone who has worked in different healthcare institutions, maybe even in different countries, knows that there are local ‘dogmas’ that are not evidence-based.(1) Indeed, one may identify dogmas as such only once one has been confronted with other, possibly opposing ‘dogmas’ elsewhere. The question of whether, for which patients, at what interval(s), and how often to repeat blood cultures in the case of Gram-negative bacteremia may be an example.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Abstract Background Although tuberculosis (TB) patients coinfected with HIV are at risk of poor treatment outcomes, there is paucity of data on changing trends of TB/HIV co-infection and their treatment outcomes. This study aims to estimate the burden of TB/HIV co-infection over time, describe the treatment available to TB/HIV patients and estimate the effect of TB/HIV co-infection on TB treatment outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective data analyses from TB surveillance in two counties in Kenya (Nyeri and Kilifi): 2012‒2020. All TB patients aged ≥ 18 years were included. The main exposure was HIV status categorised as infected, negative or unknown status. World Health Organization TB treatment outcomes were explored; cured, treatment complete, failed treatment, defaulted/lost-to-follow-up, died and transferred out. Time at risk was from date of starting TB treatment to six months later/date of the event and Cox proportion with shared frailties models were used to estimate effects of TB/HIV co-infection on TB treatment outcomes. Results The study includes 27,285 patients, median (IQR) 37 (29‒49) years old and 64% male. 23,986 (88%) were new TB cases and 91% were started on 2RHZE/4RH anti-TB regimen. Overall, 7879 (29%, 95% 28‒30%) were HIV infected. The proportion of HIV infected patient was 32% in 2012 and declined to 24% in 2020 (trend P-value = 0.01). Uptake of ARTs (95%) and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (99%) was high. Overall, 84% patients completed six months TB treatment, 2084 (7.6%) died, 4.3% LTFU, 0.9% treatment failure and 2.8% transferred out. HIV status was associated with lower odds of completing TB treatment: infected Vs negative (aOR 0.56 (95%CI 0.52‒0.61) and unknown vs negative (aOR 0.57 (95%CI 0.44‒0.73). Both HIV infected and unknown status were associated with higher hazard of death: (aHR 2.40 (95%CI 2.18‒2.63) and 1.93 (95%CI 1.44‒2.56)) respectively and defaulting treatment/LTFU: aHR 1.16 (95%CI 1.01‒1.32) and 1.55 (95%CI 1.02‒2.35)) respectively. HIV status had no effect on hazard of transferring out and treatment failure. Conclusion The overall burden of TB/HIV coinfection was within previous pooled estimate. Our findings support the need for systematic HIV testing as those with unknown status had similar TB treatment outcomes as the HIV infected.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Abstract Background Liver failure is severe hepatic cellular damage caused by multiple factors that leads to clinical manifestations. Hepatic infiltration by malignancy is rarely reported as a cause of liver failure. Case presentation A 51-year-old male patient was admitted to the Wuhan Union Hospital complaining of bloating and jaundice. He had been diagnosed with polymyositis ten prior and was taking oral glucocorticoids. Physical examination revealed seroperitoneum and icteric sclera; laboratory tests revealed liver dysfunction, a coagulopathy, and negative results for the common causes of liver failure. Moreover, an ascitic tap and bone marrow aspirate and trephine confirmed a metastatic, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. These findings indicate that malignant infiltration is the most likely cause of liver failure. Regrettably, the patient refused complete liver and lymph node biopsies and was discharged on day 31. Conclusion Clinicians should consider the possibility of malignant infiltration when approaching a case of liver failure with prodromal symptoms or imaging abnormalities, especially in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as polymyositis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Abstract Aim Until now, the performance of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and Mantoux tests remains unclear in infant tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Therefore, a systematic review is performed to evaluate the sensitivity of IGRA and Mantoux tests for the diagnosis of infant TBM in low and intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, while following PRISMA. Methods Several databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched. Articles describing the results of IGRA or Mantoux tests among infant TBM were included for analysis. Data, such as age, sex, Mantoux test or IGRA, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiological examinations (such as acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, TB PCR, and TB culture), were extracted from each study. Results A total of 31 articles were enrolled for further analysis, including 48 cases. The mean age was 9.4 ± 5.8 months and boys accounted for 57.1% of infants (24/42). Mantoux test was positive in 57.4% (27/47) of tested infants and IGRA was positive in 77.8% (7/9) of infants. In addition, among the infants with confirmed TB, 18 (52.9%, 18/34) of them have positive Mantoux responses and 7 (20.0%, 7/35) have positive IGRA results. Conclusions In low or intermediate TB burden countries, the Mantoux test has a poor performance for diagnosing TBM among infants, and IGRAs appear to have a moderate sensitivity for the diagnosis of infant TBM.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaría José Lista, Anne-Caroline Jousset, Mingpan Cheng, Violaine Saint-André, Elouan Perrot, Melissa Rodrigues, Carmelo Di Primo, Danielle Gadelle, Elenia Toccafondi, Emmanuel Segeral, Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent, Stéphane Emiliani, Jean-Louis Mergny and Marc Lavigne
Retrovirology, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Once integrated in the genome of infected cells, HIV-1 provirus is transcribed by the cellular transcription machinery. This process is regulated by both viral and cellular factors, which are necessary for an ...
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJules Morgan
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Some people do not believe long COVID (also known as post-COVID-19 condition) is real. In fact, patients have reported that there are even doctors who sit in this camp, who might dismiss their symptoms as psychosomatic, or do not know how to recognise or treat long COVID. It is complicated, even for researchers. People might not have had severe symptoms when infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus, they might be young, without a significant medical history or risk factors. Although studies suggest around 10–20% of individuals who did not have severe acute disease might develop long COVID symptoms, the number of people who are facing long-term effects is hard to quantify.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElena Fatnic, Nikole Lee Blanco, Roman Cobiletchi, Esty Goldberger, Aharon Tevet, Ori Galante, Sigal Sviri, Tali Bdolah-Abram, Baruch M Batzofin, Reuven Pizov, Sharon Einav, Charles L Sprung, P Vernon van Heerden, Yehuda Ginosar, OB-COVICU study group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
In patients who underwent delivery during their ICU stay, maternal outcome deteriorated following delivery among those defined as critical compared with non-critical patients, who improved following delivery. Interventional delivery should be considered for maternal indications before patients deteriorate and require mechanical ventilation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancis Hassard, Milan Vu, Shadi Rahimzadeh, Victor Castro-Gutierrez, Isobel Stanton, Beata Burczynska, Dirk Wildeboer, Gianluca Baio, Mathew R. Brown, Hemda Garelick, Jan Hofman, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Azeem Majeed, Sally Priest, Hubert Denise, Mohammad Khalifa, Irene Bassano, Matthew J. Wade, Jasmine Grimsley, Lian Lundy, Andrew C. Singer, Mariachiara Di Cesare
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.05.2023
Tilføjet 30.05.2023
by Francis Hassard, Milan Vu, Shadi Rahimzadeh, Victor Castro-Gutierrez, Isobel Stanton, Beata Burczynska, Dirk Wildeboer, Gianluca Baio, Mathew R. Brown, Hemda Garelick, Jan Hofman, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Azeem Majeed, Sally Priest, Hubert Denise, Mohammad Khalifa, Irene Bassano, Matthew J. Wade, Jasmine Grimsley, Lian Lundy, Andrew C. Singer, Mariachiara Di Cesare Background Schools are high-risk settings for infectious disease transmission. Wastewater monitoring for infectious diseases has been used to identify and mitigate outbreaks in many near-source settings during the COVID-19 pandemic, including universities and hospitals but less is known about the technology when applied for school health protection. This study aimed to implement a wastewater surveillance system to detect SARS-CoV-2 and other public health markers from wastewater in schools in England. Methods A total of 855 wastewater samples were collected from 16 schools (10 primary, 5 secondary and 1 post-16 and further education) over 10 months of school term time. Wastewater was analysed for SARS-CoV-2 genomic copies of N1 and E genes by RT-qPCR. A subset of wastewater samples was sent for genomic sequencing, enabling determination of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence of variant(s) contributing to COVID-19 infections within schools. In total, >280 microbial pathogens and >1200 AMR genes were screened using RT-qPCR and metagenomics to consider the utility of these additional targets to further inform on health threats within the schools. Results We report on wastewater-based surveillance for COVID-19 within English primary, secondary and further education schools over a full academic year (October 2020 to July 2021). The highest positivity rate (80.4%) was observed in the week commencing 30th November 2020 during the emergence of the Alpha variant, indicating most schools contained people who were shedding the virus. There was high SARS-CoV-2 amplicon concentration (up to 9.2x106 GC/L) detected over the summer term (8th June - 6th July 2021) during Delta variant prevalence. The summer increase of SARS-CoV-2 in school wastewater was reflected in age-specific clinical COVID-19 cases. Alpha variant and Delta variant were identified in the wastewater by sequencing of samples collected from December to March and June to July, respectively. Lead/lag analysis between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in school and WWTP data sets show a maximum correlation between the two-time series when school data are lagged by two weeks. Furthermore, wastewater sample enrichment coupled with metagenomic sequencing and rapid informatics enabled the detection of other clinically relevant viral and bacterial pathogens and AMR. Conclusions Passive wastewater monitoring surveillance in schools can identify cases of COVID-19. Samples can be sequenced to monitor for emerging and current variants of concern at the resolution of school catchments. Wastewater based monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 is a useful tool for SARS-CoV-2 passive surveillance and could be applied for case identification and containment, and mitigation in schools and other congregate settings with high risks of transmission. Wastewater monitoring enables public health authorities to develop targeted prevention and education programmes for hygiene measures within undertested communities across a broad range of use cases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGünter Schneckenreither, Lukas Herrmann, Rafael Reisenhofer, Niki Popper, Philipp Grohs
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.05.2023
Tilføjet 30.05.2023
by Günter Schneckenreither, Lukas Herrmann, Rafael Reisenhofer, Niki Popper, Philipp Grohs Structural features and the heterogeneity of disease transmissions play an essential role in the dynamics of epidemic spread. But these aspects can not completely be assessed from aggregate data or macroscopic indicators such as the effective reproduction number. We propose in this paper an index of effective aggregate dispersion (EffDI) that indicates the significance of infection clusters and superspreading events in the progression of outbreaks by carefully measuring the level of relative stochasticity in time series of reported case numbers using a specially crafted statistical model for reproduction. This allows to detect potential transitions from predominantly clustered spreading to a diffusive regime with diminishing significance of singular clusters, which can be a decisive turning point in the progression of outbreaks and relevant in the planning of containment measures. We evaluate EffDI for SARS-CoV-2 case data in different countries and compare the results with a quantifier for the socio-demographic heterogeneity in disease transmissions in a case study to substantiate that EffDI qualifies as a measure for the heterogeneity in transmission dynamics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed