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Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 27.07.2024
Tilføjet 27.07.2024
Abstract T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 4 (Tim-4) is an immune checkpoint molecule, which involves in numerous inflammatory diseases. Tim-4 is mainly expressed on antigen presenting cells. However, increasing evidences have shown that Tim-4 is also expressed on natural killer T (NKT) cells. The role of Tim-4 in maintaining NKT cell homeostasis and function remains unknown. In this study, we explored the effect of Tim-4 on NKT cells in acute liver injury. This study found that Tim-4 expression on hepatic NKT cells was elevated during acute liver injury. Tim-4 deficiency enhanced IFN-γ, TNF-α expression while impaired IL-4 production in NKT cells. Loss of Tim-4 drove NKT cell effector lineages to be skewed to NKT1 subset. Furthermore, Tim-4 KO mice were more susceptible to α-GalCer challenge. In conclusion, our findings indicate that Tim-4 plays an important role in regulating homeostasis and function of NKT cells in acute liver injury. Therefore, Tim-4 might become a new regulator of NKT cells and a potential target for the therapy of acute hepatitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Abstract Background and aims Numerous HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with persistently normal ALT have significant liver histopathology. It is imperative to identify true “immune tolerant” patients. We aimed to evaluate the liver histopathology features of HBeAg-positive CHB patients with normal ALT and the incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC in CHB patients during follow-up. Methods 179 HBeAg-positive CHB patients with normal ALT who performed liver biopsy from 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Liver necroinflammation ≥ G2 and/or liver fibrosis ≥ S2 was defined as significant liver histopathological change. Results 57.5% patients were in the indeterminate phase with significant liver histological changes. The proportion of the patients with evident liver necroinflammation was higher in the high-normal ALT group (21-40U/L) when compared with the low-normal ALT group (≤ 20 U/L) (51.3% vs. 30.0%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Abstract Background The use of telemedicine has grown significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic and has the potential to improve access to specialized care for otherwise underserved populations. Incarcerated people living with HIV (PLWH) could potentially benefit from expanded access to HIV care through telemedicine. Methods All PLWH who were incarcerated within the Tennessee Department of Corrections and received care through the HIV telemedicine clinic at Regional One Hospital between 5/1/2019 through 2/28/2022 were identified from the electronic health records (EHR). Demographics, laboratory data, vaccine history, and treatment outcomes were abstracted from the EHR. Retention in care and viral suppression were defined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. Results Of the 283 incarcerated PLWH receiving care from this telemedicine clinic, 78% remained retained in care and 94% achieved or maintaining viral suppression at 12 months. Many preventative care measures remained unperformed or undocumented, including vaccinations and testing for concurrent sexually transmitted infections. There were 56 patients (20%) found to have chronic hepatitis C in this population, with 71% either cured or still on treatment in this study period. Conclusions Retention in care and viral suppression rates were excellent among incarcerated PLWH receiving telemedicine care for their HIV. HIV related primary health care screenings and vaccinations, however, were less consistently documented and represent areas for improvement.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFasiha KanwalFrom the Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, the Veterans Affairs Health Systems Research Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness, and Safety, and the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center — all in Houston.
New England Journal of Medicine, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 391, Issue 4, Page 371-372, July 25, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShuwei Hu, Rui Li, Dongxu Gong, Pei Hu, Jitu Xu, Yingjie Ai, Xiaojie Zhao, Chencheng Hu, Minghuan Xu, Chenxi Liu, Shuyu Chen, Jie Fan, Zhonghua Zhao, Zhigang Zhang, Huijuan Wu, Yanyong Xu
Science Advances, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Masahiro Satake, Masaya Sugiyama, Masashi Mizokami, Junko Tanaka
Journal of Medical Virology, 24.07.2024
Tilføjet 24.07.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 24.07.2024
Tilføjet 24.07.2024
Abstract Background and aims Numerous HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with persistently normal ALT have significant liver histopathology. It is imperative to identify true “immune tolerant” patients. We aimed to evaluate the liver histopathology features of HBeAg-positive CHB patients with normal ALT and the incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC in CHB patients during follow-up. Methods 179 HBeAg-positive CHB patients with normal ALT who performed liver biopsy from 2009 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Liver necroinflammation ≥ G2 and/or liver fibrosis ≥ S2 was defined as significant liver histopathological change. Results 57.5% patients were in the indeterminate phase with significant liver histological changes. The proportion of the patients with evident liver necroinflammation was higher in the high-normal ALT group (21-40U/L) when compared with the low-normal ALT group (≤ 20 U/L) (51.3% vs. 30.0%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLihong Shen, Yun Zhang, Min Shi, Lijia Shao, Shengchun Feng, Weiting Li, Zhonggang Fang, Jun Yin, Tinghua Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.07.2024
Tilføjet 23.07.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 23.07.2024
Tilføjet 23.07.2024
Abstract Background The use of telemedicine has grown significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic and has the potential to improve access to specialized care for otherwise underserved populations. Incarcerated people living with HIV (PLWH) could potentially benefit from expanded access to HIV care through telemedicine. Methods All PLWH who were incarcerated within the Tennessee Department of Corrections and received care through the HIV telemedicine clinic at Regional One Hospital between 5/1/2019 through 2/28/2022 were identified from the electronic health records (EHR). Demographics, laboratory data, vaccine history, and treatment outcomes were abstracted from the EHR. Retention in care and viral suppression were defined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions. Results Of the 283 incarcerated PLWH receiving care from this telemedicine clinic, 78% remained retained in care and 94% achieved or maintaining viral suppression at 12 months. Many preventative care measures remained unperformed or undocumented, including vaccinations and testing for concurrent sexually transmitted infections. There were 56 patients (20%) found to have chronic hepatitis C in this population, with 71% either cured or still on treatment in this study period. Conclusions Retention in care and viral suppression rates were excellent among incarcerated PLWH receiving telemedicine care for their HIV. HIV related primary health care screenings and vaccinations, however, were less consistently documented and represent areas for improvement.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 19.07.2024
Tilføjet 19.07.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection rates are substantially higher than primary infection rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in European cohorts. The behaviors mediating this high rate of transmission among MSM are poorly characterized.Methods We performed a prospective cohort study in New York City (NYC) of MSM with HIV who cleared HCV to determine the incidence of and risk factors for HCV reinfection. We assessed the risk behaviors for primary HCV in NYC: receipt of semen in the rectum, and sexualized methamphetamine use, along with route of use. Multivariable analysis was performed with Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox proportional hazards model.Results From 2000 through 2018, among 304 MSM with HIV who cleared HCV, 42 reinfections occurred over 898 person-years, for an incidence rate of 4.7 per 100 person-years. Assessing 1245 postclearance visits, only receipt of semen into the rectum was associated with reinfection (hazard ratio, 9.7 [95% confidence interval: 3.3–28.3], P < .001); methamphetamine use was not.Conclusions The high HCV reinfection rate over almost 2 decades demonstrates that sexual transmission of HCV is not inefficient or unusual and that direct-acting antiviral treatment is not sufficient for HCV elimination among MSM in NYC. The contrasts between both the rates of and risk factors for primary and HCV reinfection suggest that HCV prevalence is highly heterogenous among sexual networks and that sexualized methamphetamine use, rather than mediating transmission, is instead a surrogate marker for the highest HCV prevalence networks. As neither condoms nor treatment have been successful strategies for HCV prevention in NYC, novel interventions are needed to stem this sexually transmitted HCV epidemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXingcheng Huang Xiaoxiang Zheng Lin Chen Chunlan Zhuang Changlin Yang Xia Zang Yijun Wang Hanmin Jiang Xiaomeng Huang Qiang Yan Zimin Tang Yingying Su Zizheng Zheng Ting Wu Xuefeng Zhang Yue Huang Shoujie Huang Fengcai Zhu Jun Zhang Ningshao Xia a State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinab National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinac Dongtai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dongtai, People’s Republic of Chinad Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae Xiamen Innodx Biotech Company, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 19.07.2024
Tilføjet 19.07.2024
Takanori Suzuki, Kentaro Matsuura, Takako Inoue, Keiko Sasada, Shintaro Ogawa, Takehisa Watanabe, Hayato Kawamura, Kei Fujiwara, Hiromi Kataoka, Yasuhito Tanaka
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.07.2024
Tilføjet 18.07.2024
Qiqi Zeng, Yi Ren, Yanyan Wang, Jiaxin Yang, Yi Qin, Lijuan Yang, Xinrui Zheng, Ailong Huang, Hui Fan
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.07.2024
Tilføjet 17.07.2024
Hidetoshi Sumimoto, Satoshi Noda, Hiroyoshi Koide, Yutaro Douke, Kosuke Sakai, Akihito Nishikawa, Azumi Tomioka, Maki Hori, Hiromi Nakato, Yuri Kimura, Aya Tokuda, Atsushi Takano, Koji Teramoto, Satoshi Murata, Yataro Daigo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.07.2024
Tilføjet 17.07.2024
by Hidetoshi Sumimoto, Satoshi Noda, Hiroyoshi Koide, Yutaro Douke, Kosuke Sakai, Akihito Nishikawa, Azumi Tomioka, Maki Hori, Hiromi Nakato, Yuri Kimura, Aya Tokuda, Atsushi Takano, Koji Teramoto, Satoshi Murata, Yataro Daigo Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been widely used as standard therapies for various cancers. However, in 20–30% of cases, ICIs can lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which sometimes require discontinuation of treatment. Due to the increased risk of irAEs, patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases (AI) are often advised against receiving ICIs. However, there has not been sufficient objective risk assessment for AI. In our study, we conducted logistic regression analysis to assess the risk of irAEs by analyzing 478 cases that received anti-PD-(L)1 Ab and/or anti-CTLA4 Ab at our hospital between April 3, 2017, and May 24, 2022. Among these cases, 28 (5.9%) had pre-existing AI. We selected several independent factors for analysis: gender, age, performance status (PS), cancer type, type of ICI, type of combined anti-cancer agents, best overall response, and pre-existing AI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of AI for irAE occurrence was 2.52 [95% CI: 1.08–5.86] (p = 0.033), and the adjusted OR of AI for ICI discontinuation due to irAE was 3.32 [1.41–7.78] (p = 0.006). Patients with pre-existing AI experienced a significantly shorter irAE-free survival time compared to those without AI (median irAE-free survival: 5.7 months [95% CI: 3.5–7.8] vs 10.4 months [95% CI: 7.9–12.9], respectively, p = 0.035). Frequently observed irAEs in full ICI cohort, such as dermatologic issues (7.5%), pneumonitis (7.1%), hepatitis (4.6%), and hypothyroidism (4.2%), were often accompanied by pre-existing AI. Furthermore, pre-existing AI flared up in 6 cases (37.5% in AI-positive irAE-positive cases). The activity of AI was not related to the occurrence of irAEs. Grade 3 or higher irAEs were observed in 6 out of 20 (30.0%) cases in AI-accompanied patients complicated with irAEs. Although having a complicated AI increases the risk of irAEs, it may not necessarily be a contraindication for ICI treatment if closely monitored. (292
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 14.07.2024
Tilføjet 14.07.2024
Abstract Background Approximately 296 million people suffer from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). Current standard treatment, nucleos(t)ide analogs, are not efficient enough to eradicate HBV from the hepatocytes. Thus, developing new drugs for CHB is desired to achieve complete cure.Methods Here we established a novel HBV reporter system, HBV-HiBiT-PS2, to screen new drugs for CHB. HBV-HiBiT-PS2 was constructed by introducing a HiBiT-tag at the 5’-end of PreS2 and introduced into HepG2-NTCP cells. Culture supernatant containing HBV-HiBiT-PS2 virions was fractionated by a sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation to characterize their components. Replication kinetics and reporter function of HBV-HiBiT-PS2 were determined by analyzing the parameters for HBV replication in the presence or absence of HBV inhibitors.Results HBV-HiBiT-PS2 could be used for monitoring most of the replication cycle of HBV. The effects of well-characterized HBV inhibitors could be evaluated by the HiBiT activity. HBV-HiBiT-PS2 could be specialized for screening secretion inhibitors for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) because most of the HiBiT activity was derived from subviral particles which are the multimers of HBsAg.Conclusions We demonstrated that HBV-HiBiT-PS2 would be a robust tool for screening novel drugs, especially HBsAg secretion inhibitors, targeted for CHB.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSeedat, F., Evangelidou, S., Abdellatifi, M., Bouaddi, O., Cuxart-Graell, A., Edries, H., Elafef, E., Maatoug, T., Ouahchi, A., Mathilde Pampiri, L., Deal, A., Arias, S., Abdelkhalek, A., Arisha, A. H., Assarag, B., Bani, I. A., Chaoui, A., Chemao-Elfihri, W., Hassouni, K., Hilali, M., Khalis, M., Mansour, W., Mtiraoui, A., Wickramage, K., Zenner, D., Requena-Mendez, A., Hargreaves, S., Migrant Health Working Group, M., MENA Migrant Health Working Group, Abdelkhalek, Adam, Aissa, Agyemang, Altyib, Ardalan, Belgacem, Belkhammar, Calvot, Casamitjana, Ceretti, Chavassieux, Chrifi, Douagi, Elnil, Fanjul, Fouad, Hamed, Ito, Khelifi, Makhlouf, Mokni, Olchini, Oufkir, Park, Raffa, Saidi, Santafe, Sironi, Temimi, Turki
BMJ Open, 13.07.2024
Tilføjet 13.07.2024
IntroductionThe Middle East and North African (MENA) region is characterised by high and complex migration flows, yet little is known about the health of migrant populations, their levels of underimmunisation and access to healthcare provision. Data are needed to support regional elimination and control targets for key diseases and the design and delivery of programmes to improve health outcomes in these groups. This protocol describes a suite of seven systematic reviews that aim to identify, appraise and synthesise the available evidence on the burden and health outcomes, policies and access (barriers and facilitators) related to these mobile populations in the region. MethodsSeven systematic reviews will cover three questions to explore the: (1) burden and health outcomes, (2) policies and (3) healthcare barriers and facilitators for the following seven disease areas in migrants in the MENA region: tuberculosis, HIV and hepatitis B and C, malaria and neglected tropical diseases, diabetes, mental health, maternal and neonatal health, and vaccine-preventable diseases. We will search electronic databases for studies in any language (year 2000–2023), reference-check relevant publications and cross-check included studies with experts. We will search for grey literature by hand searching key databases and websites (including regional organisations and MoH websites) for country-specific guidelines and talking to our network of experts for local and regional reports and key datasets. We will assess the studies and policies for their quality using appropriate tools. We will meta-analyse the data by disease outcome if they are of sufficient volume and similarity. Where meta-analysis is not possible and where data are on policy or access, we will narratively synthesise the evidence using summary tables, figures and text. DisseminationWe anticipate disseminating the findings through peer-reviewed publications, conferences and other formats relevant to all stakeholders. We are following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and protocols will be registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBantie Getnet Yirsaw, Muluken Chanie Agimas, Gebrie Getu Alemu, Tigabu Kidie Tesfie, Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh, Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay, Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu, Getaneh Awoke Yismaw
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.07.2024
Tilføjet 13.07.2024
by Bantie Getnet Yirsaw, Muluken Chanie Agimas, Gebrie Getu Alemu, Tigabu Kidie Tesfie, Nebiyu Mekonnen Derseh, Habtamu Wagnew Abuhay, Meron Asmamaw Alemayehu, Getaneh Awoke Yismaw Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major public health problems globally and needs an urgent response. It is one of the most responsible causes of mortality among the five hepatitis viruses, and it affects almost every class of individuals. Different studies were conducted on the prevalence of HBV among pregnant women in East African countries, but none of them showed the pooled prevalence of HBV among the pregnant women. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the pooled prevalence and its determinants among pregnant women in East Africa. Methods We searched studies using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and grey literature that were published between January 01/2020 to January 30/2024. The studies were assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment scale. The random-effect (DerSimonian) model was used to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of HBV among pregnant women. Heterogeneity were assessed by I2 statistic, sub-group analysis, and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed by Egger test, and the analysis was done using STATA version 17. Result A total of 45 studies with 35639 pregnant women were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of HBV among pregnant women in East Africa was 6.0% (95% CI: 6.0%−7.0%, I2 = 89.7%). The highest prevalence of 8% ((95% CI: 6%, 10%), I2 = 91.08%) was seen in 2021, and the lowest prevalence 5% ((95% CI: 4%, 6%) I2 = 52.52%) was observed in 2022. A pooled meta-analysis showed that history of surgical procedure (OR = 2.14 (95% CI: 1.27, 3.61)), having multiple sexual partners (OR = 3.87 (95% CI: 2.52, 5.95), history of body tattooing (OR = 2.55 (95% CI: 1.62, 4.01)), history of tooth extraction (OR = 2.09 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.39)), abortion history(OR = 2.20(95% CI: 1.38, 3.50)), history of sharing sharp material (OR = 1.88 (95% CI: 1.07, 3.31)), blood transfusion (OR = 2.41 (95% CI: 1.62, 3.57)), family history of HBV (OR = 4.87 (95% CI: 2.95, 8.05)) and history needle injury (OR = 2.62 (95% CI: 1.20, 5.72)) were significant risk factors associated with HBV infection among pregnant women. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in East Africa was an intermediate level and different across countries ranging from 1.5% to 22.2%. The result of this pooled prevalence was an indication of the need for screening, prevention, and control of HBV infection among pregnant women in the region. Therefore, early identification of risk factors, awareness creation on the mode of transmission HBV and implementation of preventive measures are essential in reducing the burden of HBV infection among pregnant women.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 12.07.2024
Tilføjet 12.07.2024
Abstract Over 80% of people living with HIV in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) take first-line TDF/XTC/DTG (TLD). Due to hard-fought activism, in >100 LMICs TLD now costs under $45pppy under Voluntary License. With final DTG patents expiring by 2029, generic TLD will soon be available globally. We identify seven critical benchmarks underpinning TLDs success which novel ART should now meet, and an eighth for which novel ART should aim. These are superior efficacy; a high genetic barrier to resistance; safety in hepatitis B coinfection; favourable drug-drug interaction profiles including with antimycobacterials; efficacy in HIV-2; safety in pregnancy, long-acting formulation availability and affordable pricing from the outset. We illustrate when generic TLD will become available worldwide and compare this with trial programmes and approval timelines for two case-study novel ART combinations: islatravir/doravirine and cabotegravir/rilpivirine. We demonstrate that currently these regimens and trial programmes will not meet key benchmarks required to compete with TLD.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVictoria Castro, Gema Calvo, Juan Carlos Oliveros, Sofía Pérez‐del‐Pulgar, Pablo Gastaminza
Journal of Medical Virology, 11.07.2024
Tilføjet 11.07.2024
Gemeda Wakgari Kitil, Abiy Tasew Dubale, Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw, Alex Ayenew Chereka
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.07.2024
Tilføjet 11.07.2024
by Gemeda Wakgari Kitil, Abiy Tasew Dubale, Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw, Alex Ayenew Chereka Background Hepatitis B virus infection remains a significant public health concern globally, particularly among healthcare workers, including health science students who are at high risk due to their exposure to infected patients and contaminated medical equipment. In Ethiopia, where the burden of HBV infection is substantial, preventive practices among health science students are critical for minimizing transmission and ensuring a healthy workforce. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the effectiveness of these practices specifically among this population in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive measures for Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia. Methods This study followed the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA checklist and focused on research conducted within Ethiopia. Seven relevant studies were identified through comprehensive searches across various databases including Google, Medline, PubMed, and Scholar. Data retrieval was systematically conducted using a checklist, and analysis was performed using STATA version 14. Heterogeneity was assessed using both the Cochrane Q test and the I2 statistic. Additionally, publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s weighted regression, a funnel plot, and Begg’s test. Results In this meta-analysis and systematic review, we identified a total of 515 research articles, of which seven studies met the eligibility criteria for analysis. The overall pooled magnitude of practices aimed at preventing Hepatitis B infection among Health Science Students in Ethiopia was 41.21% (95% CI: 30.81–51.62). Factors significantly associated with these practices included better understanding of Hepatitis B infection prevention (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.20–3.29), age group 20–24 years (OR = 5.79, 95% CI: 2.43–13.78), needle stick injury exposure (OR = 3.43, 95% CI: 1.10–10.70), and students enrolled in medicine or public health officer departments (OR = 4.20, 95% CI: 2.65–6.65). Conclusion Our analysis indicates that only 41.21% of Health Science students in Ethiopia adhere to Hepatitis B prevention practices. To improve these practices, it is essential to mandate vaccination, provide targeted training on infection prevention, and increase awareness of vaccine uptake. Tailored educational programs should equip students with practical strategies. Additionally, intelligent interventions must address factors influencing preventive practices. Collaboration between institutions and ongoing monitoring is crucial to ensuring success.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
We read with great interest the recent publication by Preuß et al. on antibodies to beta tubulin 5 (anti-TBB5) in autoimmune liver diseases [1]. The group has previously done extensive work on the potential autoantigenic target of perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), culminating in the likely identification of TBB5 as target of pANCA [2]. Based on the results however, the group now concludes that anti-TBB5 may be elevated in autoimmune liver diseases but is an unlikely target of pANCA.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadin Younes, Hiam Chemaitelly, Parveen Banu Nizamuddin, Tasneem Al-Hamad, Marah Abdallah, Hadi M. Yassine, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Gheyath K. Nasrallah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
by Nadin Younes, Hiam Chemaitelly, Parveen Banu Nizamuddin, Tasneem Al-Hamad, Marah Abdallah, Hadi M. Yassine, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Gheyath K. Nasrallah Background Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the predominant cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide; however, data on HAV antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) among migrant populations are limited. This study aimed to investigate HAV seroprevalence among Qatar’s migrant craft and manual workers (CMWs), constituting approximately 60% of the country’s population. Methods HAV antibody testing was conducted on stored serum specimens obtained from CMWs during a nationwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) population-based cross-sectional survey between July 26 and September 9, 2020. Associations with HAV infection were investigated through regression analyses. Results Of the 2,607 specimens with HAV antibody test results, 2,393 were positive, and 214 were negative. The estimated HAV seroprevalence among CMWs was 92.0% (95% CI: 90.9–93.1%). HAV seroprevalence was generally high but exhibited some variation, ranging from 70.9% (95% CI: 62.4–78.2%) among Sri Lankans to 99.8% (95% CI: 98.2–99.9%) among Pakistanis. The multivariable regression analysis identified age, nationality, and educational attainment as statistically significant factors associated with HAV infection. Relative to CMWs aged ≤29 years, the adjusted relative risk (ARR) was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03–1.10) in CMWs aged 30–39 years and reached 1.15 (95% CI: 1.10–1.19) in those aged ≥50 years. In comparison to Indians, the ARR was lower among Sri Lankans, assessed at 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.91), but higher among Nepalese at 1.07 (95% CI: 1.04–1.11), Bangladeshis at 1.10 (95% CI: 1.07–1.13), Pakistanis at 1.12 (95% CI: 1.09–1.15), and Egyptians at 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08–1.23). No evidence for differences was found by geographic location or occupation. Conclusions HAV seroprevalence among Qatar’s CMW population is very high, with over nine out of every ten individuals having been exposed to this infection, likely during childhood.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChandran, Aruna; Feng, Xinyi; Coburn, Sally B.; Kasaie, Parastu; Malone, Jowanna; Horberg, Michael A.; Hogan, Brenna; Rebeiro, Peter F.; Gill, M. John; McGinnis, Kathleen A.; Silverberg, Michael J.; Karris, Maile Young; Napravnik, Sonia; Konkle-Parker, Deborah; Lee, Jennifer; Freeman, Aimee M.; Ghidey, Ronel; Garza, Venezia; Marconi, Vincent C.; Kirk, Gregory D.; Thorne, Jennifer; Crane, Heidi M.; Lang, Raynell; Kitahata, Mari M.; Moore, Richard D.; Althoff, Keri N.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.07.2024
Tilføjet 9.07.2024
Introduction: Socioeconomic status (SES) influences well-being among people living with HIV (PWH); when individual-level SES information is not available, area-level SES indicators may be a suitable alternative. We hypothesized that: a) select ZIP Code-level SES indicators would be associated with viral suppression, and b) accounting for ZIP Code-level SES would attenuate racial disparities in viral suppression among PWH. Setting: The NA-ACCORD, a collaboration of clinical and interval cohorts of PWH. Methods: Participants with ≥1 viral load measurement and ≥1 US residential 5-digit ZIP Code(s) between 2010-2018 were included. In this serial cross-sectional analysis, multivariable logistic regression models were used to quantify the annual association of race and ethnicity with viral suppression, in the presence of SES indicators as well as sex, Hepatitis C status, and age. Results: We observed a dose response relationship between SES factors and viral suppression. Lower income and education were associated with 0.5 to 0.7-fold annual decreases in odds of viral suppression. We observed racial disparities of ∼40% decreased odds of viral suppression among non-Hispanic Black compared with non-Hispanic White individuals. The disparity persisted but narrowed by 3-4% when including SES in the models. Conclusion: ZIP Code-based SES was associated with viral suppression, and accounting for SES narrowed racial disparities in viral suppression among PWH in the NA-ACCORD. Inclusion of ZIP Code-level indicators of SES as surrogates for individual-level SES should be considered to improve our understanding of the impact of social determinants of health and racial disparities on key outcomes among PWH in North America. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBamford, Laura; Rajagopal, Amutha; Grelotti, David; Justice-Royster, Vernay; Karim, Afsana; Montoya, Jessica
AIDS, 9.07.2024
Tilføjet 9.07.2024
Background: The methamphetamine epidemic threatens progress towards ending the HIV epidemic in the United States. Further characterizing the prevalence and impact of methamphetamine use among people with HIV (PWH) is necessary to inform integrated HIV and methamphetamine treatment strategies. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review to characterize methamphetamine use among 3,092 PWH at an urban HIV Medicine clinic between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023. The Chi-squared test was utilized to assess for statistically significant differences in demographics and HIV and other health outcomes among PWH who use and do not use methamphetamine. Results: The prevalence of methamphetamine use among PWH in this cohort was 17%. PWH who used methamphetamine were more likely to be < 40 years of age, identify as White race, live in neighborhoods with low Healthy Places Index scores, identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual, report male sex with men (MSM), MSM and injection drug use (IDU), or IDU as HIV transmission risk factor, miss scheduled HIV primary care visits, and screen positive for hepatitis C virus antibody, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and major depressive disorder. PWH who use methamphetamine were also less likely to be virally suppressed and have a CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/mm3. Conclusion: Methamphetamine use is prevalent among PWH at this urban HIV Medicine Clinic and is associated with worse HIV and other health outcomes which likely increase the risk of HIV transmission. The integration of methamphetamine use disorder treatment into HIV primary care is necessary to work toward ending the syndemics of methamphetamine and HIV. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 8.07.2024
Tilføjet 8.07.2024
Abstract Background The change of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during treatment are associated with HBsAg loss. However, little is known about the trajectory patterns of HBsAg in early treatment and their relationship with subsequent HBsAg loss. This study aimed to identify trajectories of HBsAg in children with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and investigate the association between trajectory patterns and HBsAg loss.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 166 treatment-naive children with HBeAg-positive CHB. Latent class trajectory analysis was used to identify trajectory groups of serum HBsAg. Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association between HBsAg trajectory groups and HBsAg loss.Results The median follow-up time was 20.70 (12.54, 34.17) months, and HBsAg loss occurred in 70(42.17%) of all study participants. Using latent class trajectory analysis, HBeAg-positive CHB patients were classified into three trajectory groups: trajectory 1 (sustained stability, 24.70%), trajectory 2 (slow decline, 38.55%), and trajectory 3 (rapid decline, 36.75%), respectively. The median decline levels of HBsAg at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups were the highest in trajectory 3 (1.08 and 3.28 log10 IU/ml), followed by trajectory 2 (0.27 and 1.26 log10 IU/ml), and no change in trajectory 1. The risk of achieving HBsAg loss was higher in both trajectory 2 (HR, 3.65 [95% CI, 1.70-7.83]) and trajectory 3 (HR, 7.27 [95% CI, 3.01-17.61]), respectively.Conclusion Serum HBsAg levels during early treatment can be classified into distinct trajectory groups, which may serve as an additional predictive indicator for HBsAg loss in HBeAg-positive CHB children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.07.2024
Tilføjet 4.07.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare Workers (HCWs) are susceptible to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and are advised to receive vaccination. However, vaccination rates remain low in developing countries. There is little data concerning Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination and information regarding HBV knowledge among HCWs in Cambodia. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of HBV infection, HepB vaccine, and vaccination status with its associated factors among HCWs in Cambodia. Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in Kampot and Kep Provinces, Cambodia, from September to October 2023 using a questionnaire survey. A total of 261 HCWs were recruited from 1,309 individuals working in all 83 health facilities using systematic random sampling methods. Statistical analyses including the χ2-test and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with vaccination among the participants. Results Among 259 participants, 62.9% showed good knowledge of HBV infection, and 65.6% demonstrated good knowledge of the HepB vaccine. 59.8% of the participants had received the HepB vaccine, while 40.2% remained unvaccinated. Analysis showed that HCWs working at Provincial Health Department/Operational Districts and Provincial Referral Hospital/Referral Hospitals were more likely to be vaccinated compared to those at Health Centers [AOR = 6.5; CI = 1.1–39.5, p = 0.0403; AOR = 2.8, CI = 1.0–7.8, p = 0.0412], respectively. Furthermore, individuals with good knowledge of the HBV infection and vaccine were more likely to receive the vaccine compared to those with inadequate knowledge [AOR = 6.3; CI = 3.3–12.3, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuwen Li, Tian Zeng, Peng Huang, Weilong Tan, Yue Feng, Xueshan Xia, Zepei Feng, Chao Shen, Haozhi Fan, Chuanlong Zhu, Wen Yin, Liqin Qian, Chengrui Ren, Ming Yue
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.07.2024
Tilføjet 4.07.2024
Doyle, J. S., Heath, K., Elsum, I., Douglass, C., Wade, A., Kasza, J., Allardice, K., Von Bibra, S., Chan, K., Camesella, B., Guzman, R., Bryant, M., Thompson, A. J., Stoove, M. A., Snelling, T. L., Scott, N., Spelman, T., Anderson, D., Richmond, J., Howell, J., Andric, N., Dietze, P. M., Higgs, P., Sacks-Davis, R., Forbes, A. B., Hellard, M. E., Pedrana, A. E.
BMJ Open, 3.07.2024
Tilføjet 3.07.2024
IntroductionDespite universal access to government-funded direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in 2016, the rate of hepatitis C treatment uptake in Australia has declined substantially. Most hepatitis C is related to injecting drug use; reducing the hepatitis C burden among people who inject drugs (PWID) is, therefore, paramount to reach hepatitis C elimination targets. Increasing DAA uptake by PWID is important for interrupting transmission and reducing incidence, as well as reducing morbidity and mortality and improving quality of life of PWID and meeting Australia’s hepatitis C elimination targets. Methods and analysisA cluster randomised cross-over trial will be conducted with three intervention arms and a control arm. Arm A will receive rapid hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody testing; arm B will receive rapid HCV antibody and rapid RNA testing; arm C will receive rapid HCV antibody testing and same-day treatment initiation for HCV antibody-positive participants; the control arm will receive standard of care. The primary outcomes will be (a) the proportion of participants with HCV commencing treatment and (b) the proportion of participants with HCV achieving cure. Analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis with mixed-effects logistic regression models. Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Alfred Ethics Committee (number HREC/64731/Alfred-2020-217547). Each participant will provide written informed consent. Reportable adverse events will be reported to the reviewing ethics committee. The findings will be presented at scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT05016609. Trial progressionThe study commenced recruitment on 9 March 2022 and is expected to complete recruitment in December 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLucrèce Ahovègbé, Rajiv Shah, Aboudou Raïmi Kpossou, Chris Davis, Marc Niebel, Ana Filipe, Emily Goldstein, Khadidjatou S Alassan, René Keke, Jean Sehonou, Nicolas Kodjoh, Sossa Edmond Gbedo, Surajit Ray, Craig Wilkie, Sreenu Vattipally, Lily Tong, Pakoyo F Kamba, S Judith Gbenoudon, Rory Gunson, Patrick Ogwang, Emma C Thomson
Lancet Microbe, 2.07.2024
Tilføjet 2.07.2024
This study revealed a high SVR rate in Benin among individuals treated for HCV with sofosbuvir–velpatasvir, including those with highly diverse viral genotypes. Further studies of treatment effectiveness in genotypes 2d and 2b are indicated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.07.2024
Tilføjet 2.07.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare Workers (HCWs) are susceptible to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and are advised to receive vaccination. However, vaccination rates remain low in developing countries. There is little data concerning Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination and information regarding HBV knowledge among HCWs in Cambodia. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of HBV infection, HepB vaccine, and vaccination status with its associated factors among HCWs in Cambodia. Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted among HCWs in Kampot and Kep Provinces, Cambodia, from September to October 2023 using a questionnaire survey. A total of 261 HCWs were recruited from 1,309 individuals working in all 83 health facilities using systematic random sampling methods. Statistical analyses including the χ2-test and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with vaccination among the participants. Results Among 259 participants, 62.9% showed good knowledge of HBV infection, and 65.6% demonstrated good knowledge of the HepB vaccine. 59.8% of the participants had received the HepB vaccine, while 40.2% remained unvaccinated. Analysis showed that HCWs working at Provincial Health Department/Operational Districts and Provincial Referral Hospital/Referral Hospitals were more likely to be vaccinated compared to those at Health Centers [AOR = 6.5; CI = 1.1–39.5, p = 0.0403; AOR = 2.8, CI = 1.0–7.8, p = 0.0412], respectively. Furthermore, individuals with good knowledge of the HBV infection and vaccine were more likely to receive the vaccine compared to those with inadequate knowledge [AOR = 6.3; CI = 3.3–12.3, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKi Hyun Lee, Awachana Jiamsakul, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Rohidas Borse, Vohith Khol, Evy Yunihastuti, Iskandar Azwa, I. Ketut Agus Somia, Romanee Chaiwarith, Thach Ngoc Pham, Suwimon Khusuwan, Cuong Duy Do, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Yasmin Gani, Rossana Ditangco, Oon Tek Ng, Sanjay Pujari, Man Po Lee, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Hsin-Pai Chen, Fujie Zhang, Junko Tanuma, Jeremy Ross, Jun Yong Choi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.07.2024
Tilføjet 2.07.2024
by Ki Hyun Lee, Awachana Jiamsakul, Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul, Rohidas Borse, Vohith Khol, Evy Yunihastuti, Iskandar Azwa, I. Ketut Agus Somia, Romanee Chaiwarith, Thach Ngoc Pham, Suwimon Khusuwan, Cuong Duy Do, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Yasmin Gani, Rossana Ditangco, Oon Tek Ng, Sanjay Pujari, Man Po Lee, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Hsin-Pai Chen, Fujie Zhang, Junko Tanuma, Jeremy Ross, Jun Yong Choi Introduction Toxoplasma gondii can cause symptomatic toxoplasmosis in immunodeficient hosts, including in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), mainly because of the reactivation of latent infection. We assessed the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and its associated risk factors in PLWH in the Asia-Pacific region using data from the TREAT Asia Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Observational Database (TAHOD) of the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Asia-Pacific. Methods This study included both retrospective and prospective cases of toxoplasmosis reported between 1997 and 2020. A matched case-control method was employed, where PLWH diagnosed with toxoplasmosis (cases) were each matched to two PLWH without a toxoplasmosis diagnosis (controls) from the same site. Sites without toxoplasmosis were excluded. Risk factors for toxoplasmosis were analyzed using conditional logistic regression. Results A total of 269/9576 (2.8%) PLWH were diagnosed with toxoplasmosis in 19 TAHOD sites. Of these, 227 (84%) were reported retrospectively and 42 (16%) were prospective diagnoses after cohort enrollment. At the time of toxoplasmosis diagnosis, the median age was 33 years (interquartile range 28–38), and 80% participants were male, 75% were not on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Excluding 63 out of 269 people without CD4 values, 192 (93.2%) had CD4 ≤200 cells/μL and 162 (78.6%) had CD4 ≤100 cells/μL. By employing 538 matched controls, we found that factors associated with toxoplasmosis included abstaining from ART (odds ratio [OR] 3.62, 95% CI 1.81–7.24), in comparison to receiving nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors plus non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV exposure through injection drug use (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.15–4.47) as opposed to engaging in heterosexual intercourse and testing positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.41–7.21). Toxoplasmosis was less likely with increasing CD4 counts (51–100 cells/μL: OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.96; 101–200 cells/μL: OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.06–0.34; >200 cells/μL: OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.06), when compared to CD4 ≤50 cells/μL. Moreover, the use of prophylactic cotrimoxazole was not associated with toxoplasmosis. Conclusions Symptomatic toxoplasmosis is rare but still occurs in PLWH in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in the context of delayed diagnosis, causing advanced HIV disease. Immune reconstitution through early diagnosis and ART administration remains a priority in Asian PLWH.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEl-Khoury, R., Chemaitelly, H., Alaama, A. S., Hermez, J. G., Nagelkerke, N., Abu-Raddad, L. J.
BMJ Open, 1.07.2024
Tilføjet 1.07.2024
ObjectivesHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a global health challenge. By the end of 2021, the WHO estimated that less than a quarter of global HCV infections had been diagnosed. There is a need for a public health tool that can facilitate the identification of people with HCV infection and link them to testing and treatment, and that can be customised for each country. MethodsWe derived and validated a risk score to identify people with HCV in Egypt and demonstrated its utility. Using data from the 2008 and 2014 Egypt Demographic and Health Surveys, two risk scores were constructed through multivariable logistic regression analysis. A range of diagnostic metrics was then calculated to evaluate the performance of these scores. ResultsThe 2008 and 2014 risk scores exhibited similar dependencies on sex, age and type of place of residence. Both risk scores demonstrated high and similar areas under the curve of 0.77 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.78) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.77 to 0.80), respectively. For the 2008 risk score, sensitivity was 73.7% (95% CI: 71.5% to 75.9%), specificity was 68.5% (95% CI: 67.5% to 69.4%), positive predictive value (PPV) was 27.8% (95% CI: 26.4% to 29.2%) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 94.1% (95% CI: 93.5% to 94.6%). For the 2014 risk score, sensitivity was 64.0% (95% CI: 61.5% to 66.6%), specificity was 78.2% (95% CI: 77.5% to 78.9%), PPV was 22.2% (95% CI: 20.9% to 23.5%) and NPV was 95.7% (95% CI: 95.4% to 96.1%). Each score was validated by applying it to a different survey database than the one used to derive it. ConclusionsImplementation of HCV risk scores is an effective strategy to identify carriers of HCV infection and to link them to testing and treatment at low cost to national programmes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHyunjae Shin, Gyung Sun Lim, Jae Woong Yoon, Yunmi Ko, Youngsu Park, Jeayeon Park, Moon Haeng Hur, Min Kyung Park, Yuri Cho, Yun Bin Lee, Eun Ju Cho, Bo Hyun Kim, Jeong‐Hoon Lee, Su Jong Yu, Jung‐Hwan Yoon, Yoon Jun Kim
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.06.2024
Tilføjet 30.06.2024
Han, Alison; Henderson, David K.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Purpose of review Timely postexposure prophylaxis is important after an occupational exposure. Here we review select organisms, exposure opportunities in the healthcare setting, and postexposure prophylaxis regimens. Recent findings Needlestick injuries pose a risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Risk mitigation strategies should be reexamined in light of newer vaccines and therapeutics. Increased vaccine hesitancy and vaccine denialisms may foster the re-emergence of some infections that have become extremely uncommon because of effective vaccines. With increasing occurrences of zoonotic infections and the ease of global spread as evidenced by COVID-19 and mpox, healthcare exposures must also consider risks related to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Summary Early recognition and reporting of occupational exposures to pathogens with available postexposure prophylaxis is key to mitigating the risk of transmission. Providers should be able to evaluate the exposure and associated risks to provide prompt and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmpem Darko Jnr Siaw, James Amugsi, Maame Adwoa Agyeman Owusu-Konadu, Samuel Teye Drah, Emmanuel Gustav Imbeah, Dominic Oduro-Donkor, Amoako Duah, Yvonne Ayerki Nartey
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2024
Tilføjet 28.06.2024
by Ampem Darko Jnr Siaw, James Amugsi, Maame Adwoa Agyeman Owusu-Konadu, Samuel Teye Drah, Emmanuel Gustav Imbeah, Dominic Oduro-Donkor, Amoako Duah, Yvonne Ayerki Nartey Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major cause of liver related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiologic data on seroprevalence, viremia prevalence and risk factors remain limited in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana, HCV-related deaths are estimated to have increased since 2015. Risk factors associated with HCV infection in Ghana are not well described. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus infection in the Upper East Region located in the northern part of Ghana. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 communities in the Upper East region of Ghana. A total of 1,769 participants aged ≥12 years were screened for HCV antibody (anti-HCV) using rapid diagnostic testing (RDT). Seventy-four participants undertook HCV RNA testing after a positive anti-HCV result. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with HCV seropositivity. The anti-HCV prevalence was 8.4%, with 149 out of 1,769 testing anti-HCV positive. Mean age (±SD) of seropositive persons was 45.4 (±16.3) years. The highest anti-HCV seroprevalence was amongst persons aged 60 years and above. Forty-four out of 74 (59.5%) seropositive cases had viremic infection and the estimated viremic prevalence in the screened population was 5.0%. Predictors of HCV seropositivity were age (OR 1.03 95% CI 1.01–1.04), history of female genital mutilation or circumcision (OR 1.63 95% CI 1.04–2.55), sexual activity (OR 2.57 95% CI 1.38–4.79), positive maternal HCV status (OR 10.38 95% CI 4.13–26.05) and positive HIV status (OR 4.03 95% CI 1.35–12.05). In conclusion, the Upper East Region demonstrates a high Hepatitis C antibody prevalence. Almost 60% of individuals have viremic infection, however the cost of RNA testing is a barrier to virological diagnosis. There is a need to educate the population about HCV-associated risk factors to reduce HCV transmission and burden of disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMandi Wu Qianya Wan Xuelian Dan Yiran Wang Peiran Chen Cien Chen Yichen Li Xi Yao Ming-Liang He a Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of Chinac CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 27.06.2024
Tilføjet 27.06.2024
Yogesh Krishnarao Gurav, Bhavani Shankara Bagepally, Natthakan Chitpim, Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk, Mohan Digambar Gupte, Usa Chaikledkaew, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Montarat Thavorncharoensap
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 27.06.2024
Tilføjet 27.06.2024
by Yogesh Krishnarao Gurav, Bhavani Shankara Bagepally, Natthakan Chitpim, Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk, Mohan Digambar Gupte, Usa Chaikledkaew, Ammarin Thakkinstian, Montarat Thavorncharoensap Several hepatitis A outbreaks have recently been reported in Kerala state, India. To inform coverage decision of hepatitis A vaccine in Kerala, this study aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of 1) hepatitis A vaccination among children aged 1 year and individuals aged 15 years, and 2) serological screening of individuals aged 15 years and vaccination of susceptible as compared to no vaccination or vaccination without serological screening. Both live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine and inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were considered in the analysis. A combination of decision tree and Markov models with a cycle length of one year was employed to estimate costs and benefits of different vaccination strategies. Analysis were based on both societal and payer perspectives. The lifetime costs and outcomes were discounted by 3%. Our findings indicated that all strategies were cost-saving for both societal and payer perspectives. Moreover, budget impact analysis revealed that vaccination without screening among individuals aged 15 years could save the government’s budget by reducing treatment cost of hepatitis A. Our cost-effectiveness evidence supports the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccination into the vaccination program for children aged 1 year and individuals aged 15 years in Kerala state, India.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.06.2024
Tilføjet 27.06.2024
Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic abilities of the non-invasive serum biomarkers to predict liver fibrosis staging and evaluate the progress of hepatitis B. Methods We enrolled 433 patients with chronic HBV infection had complete medical data available for the study, who underwent percutaneous liver biopsy. The extent of fibrosis was assessed using the modified METAVIR score. The predictive values of the non-invasive serum biomarkers were evaluated by the areas under the receiving operator characteristics curves (AUROCs) with 95% confidence intervals. Results The proportion of males with progressive stages of liver fibrosis was relatively larger, and the average age of patients with cirrhosis stages is older than the non-cirrhotic stages. We found PLT, GGT, ALP, TB, FIB4 and GPR to be significantly associated with liver fibrosis in our cohort. GGT showed a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 76.7% in distinguishing cirrhosis (F4) from non-cirrhotic stages (F1-3), with an AUROC of 0.775 (95%CI 0.711–0.840).The AUROCs of the GPR in distinguishing cirrhosis (F4) from non-cirrhotic stages (F1-3) was 0.794 (95%CI 0.734–0.853), but it had a lower sensitivity of 59.2%. Additionally, GGT, FIB4, and GPR could differentiate advanced fibrosis (F3-4) from non-advanced fibrosis (F1-2) among individuals with chronic hepatitis B, with AUROCs of 0.723 (95%CI 0.668–0.777), 0.729 (95%CI 0.675–0.782), and 0.760 (95%CI: 0.709–0.811) respectively. Conclusions GGT was a better biomarker to distinguish cirrhosis (F4) from non-cirrhotic stages (F1-3), while GPR was a better biomarker to identify advanced fibrosis (F3-4) and non-advanced fibrosis (F1-2) in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmmanuel Salia, Yvonne Ayerki Nartey, Francis Tanam Djankpa, Faustina Pappoe, Samuel Victor Nuvor, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.06.2024
Tilføjet 26.06.2024
by Emmanuel Salia, Yvonne Ayerki Nartey, Francis Tanam Djankpa, Faustina Pappoe, Samuel Victor Nuvor, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah Hepatitis B virus (HBV) constitutes a significant global health challenge, with more than 2 billion people infected globally and almost 291 million chronic cases. In Africa, coinfection of HBV with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is high, yet the condition remains overlooked in many countries. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved HIV survival, viral hepatitis continues to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Occult Hepatitis B infection (OBI), characterized by a low-level of HBV DNA in individuals with negative hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), is an emerging concern among HIV seropositive individuals due to the risk of HBV reactivation and associated complications, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ghana has an estimated HBV/HIV coinfection prevalence of 13.6% making it important to also determine potential cases of OBI. This study aims to assess OBI prevalence in persons living with HIV (PLHIV). A cross-sectional study was conducted in five health facilities in the Cape Coast Metropolis. HBV-related serological markers were determined among 116 PLHIV using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. HBV DNA was extracted from 30 participants found to be HBsAg negative but positive for hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb+). Nested PCR was employed in detecting HBV DNA and HBV viral load was performed using qPCR. The median age of the participants was 37 years (IQR 22–65). Serologically, 7.8% (n = 9, 95% CI: 3.5–22.7), 12.1% (n = 14), and 25.9% (n = 30) tested positive for solely HBsAg, HBsAb, and HBcAb respectively. OBI prevalence among HBsAg-/HBcAb+ participants was 16.7% (n = 5, 95% CI: 6.5–23.7) with a median HBV DNA level of 139.2 IU/ml (IQR, 96.7–142.0). The prevalence of OBI among HIV-positive participants in the Cape Coast Metropolis highlights the need to consider screening for HBV among HIV patients using nucleic acid amplification tests. This can inform medical management and reduce the risk of liver complications, including HCC.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 26.06.2024
Tilføjet 26.06.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 24.06.2024
Tilføjet 24.06.2024
Abstract Background Currently, several studies have observed that chronic hepatitis B virus infection is associated with the pathogenesis of kidney disease. However, the extent of the correlation between hepatitis B virus infection and the chronic kidney disease risk remains controversial. Methods In the present study, we searched all eligible literature in seven databases in English and Chinese. The random effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis. Quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale. Results In this analysis, a total of 31 studies reporting the association between hepatitis B virus infection and chronic kidney disease risk were included. The results showed a significant positive association between hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of chronic kidney disease (pooled OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.12–1.29), which means that hepatitis B virus increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Conclusion This study found that hepatitis B virus infection was associated with a significantly increased risk of chronic kidney disease. However, the current study still cannot directly determine this causal relationship. Thus, more comprehensive prospective longitudinal studies are needed in the future to provide further exploration and explanation of the association between hepatitis B virus and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2024
Tilføjet 23.06.2024
Abstract Background Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the immune response during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In this study, we evaluated the association between two SNP variants (TLR3 rs3775290 and TLR4 rs4986790) and susceptibility to chronic HBV infection in Mauritania. Subjects and methods : A total of 188 subjects were recruited for this study: 102 chronically infected patients and 86 individuals with spontaneously resolved HBV infection who were considered controls. Targeted PCR products were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. Results We found that TLR3 rs3775290 was significantly more frequent in patients with chronic HBV than in the control population (p = 0.03). However, no association was found between the TLR4 rs3775290 polymorphism and chronic infection. Conclusion Our results suggest that the TLR3 rs3775290 polymorphism may be a risk factor for susceptibility to chronic HBV infection in the Mauritanian population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2024
Tilføjet 22.06.2024
Abstract Background Advanced HIV disease (AHD) in young people living with HIV (PLHIV) is an increasingly pressing public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite global progress in early HIV testing and reducing HIV-related deaths, many youths experience increased rates of HIV disease progression in sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the burden, clinical manifestations, and factors for disease progression among young PLHIV aged 15 – 24 years seeking medical services at a major public hospital in Sierra Leone. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected data for PLHIV patients aged 15 to 24 seen at Connaught Hospital in Sierra Leone between September 2022 and March 2023. We estimated the proportion of AHD in young PLHIV and performed logistic regression modelling to explore predictors of AHD. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05 for all statistical tests. Results Of the 581 PLHIV that were reported, 238 (40.9%) were between the ages of 15 and 24 years, with a median age of 22 (20—24), and 151 (63.5%) were females. On review, 178 (74.8%) has initiated antiretroviral therapy regimen (ART); 117 (65.7%) were actively on ART for ≤ 6 months, while 114 (64%) had interruptions with their ART treatment. The overall prevalence of AHD was 41.6% (99/238); 46.7% (35/68) of young PLHIV at the HIV clinic, and 39.3% (64/163) of admission. Sex—Female (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.94; p = 0.030), and Tertiary Education level (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10 – 0.78; p = 0.015) have significantly lower odds of AHD in the entire study population. While for inpatients, Age (young Adults) of PLHIV (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.00–1.52; p = 0.047) had 1.23 times the odds of AHD compared to adolescents, and being female (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.08–0.84; p = 0.024), Overweight—Body mass index (OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01–0.77; p = 0.028), Tertiary Education level (OR, 0.08; 95% CI, 0.01–0.52; p = 0.008) have significantly lower odds of AHD. Common conditions reported for the AHD group in the medical wards are tuberculosis (13.58%), hepatitis B (6.13%), Kaposi sarcoma (3.07%), and oesophagal candidiasis (2.45%). Conclusion We reported a high prevalence of advanced HIV among young patients in a tertiary Hospital in Sierra Leone. One in two young PLHIV aged 15 to 24 years reported AHD, emphasizing the need to strengthen public health measures that address access to and retention of HIV services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJing‐Wen Guo, Hsin‐Ying Ho, Chia‐Yen Dai, Yen‐Hsu Chen, Ming‐Lung Yu, Ling‐Shan Yu
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.06.2024
Tilføjet 21.06.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 20.06.2024
Tilføjet 20.06.2024
Abstract This prospective study enrolled healthcare workers (HCW) who were nonresponders following at least 5 doses of aluminum-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine received the 2-dose Heplisav-B (HepB-CpG) series. After two doses of HepB-CpG, 43/47 (91%) participants, and with 1 dose 41/49 (84%) responded. HepB-CpGcould be the preferred vaccine in HCW nonresponders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFengjuan Tian Jing Li Yang Liu Wenli Liu Yue Liu Shan Xu Yigang Tong Fumin Feng a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People’s Republic of Chinac Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Mathias Schemmerer, Hans H. Bock, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Samuel Huber, Susanne Polywka, Maria Mader, Ansgar W. Lohse, Daniel Todt, Eike Steinmann, Jürgen J. Wenzel, Thomas Horvatits, Sven Pischke
Journal of Medical Virology, 12.06.2024
Tilføjet 12.06.2024
Pei-Yi (Alma) SuChih-Hsu ChangShin-Chwen Bruce YenHsiu-Yi WuWan-Ju TungYu-Pei HuYen-Yu Ian ChenMiao-Hsia LinChiaho ShihPei-Jer ChenKevin TsaiaInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwanbTaiwan International Graduate Program, National Yang-Ming Chiao-Tung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwancInstitute of Biomedical Sciences Summer Undergraduate Internship Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, TaiwandDepartment of Microbiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, TaiwaneGraduate Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, TaiwanfNational Taiwan University Center for Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, TaiwangGraduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, TaiwanhDepartment of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 12.06.2024
Tilføjet 12.06.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 24, June 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexander HammelLia-Maria CucosIuliana CarasIrina IonescuCatalin TucureanuVlad TofanAdriana CostacheAdrian OnuLara HoepfnerMichael HipplerJuliane NeupertCostin-Ioan PopescuCrina StavaruNorica Branza-NichitaRalph BockaMax-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department of Organelle Biology, Biotechnology and Molecular Ecophysiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, GermanybInstitute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Department of Viral Glycoproteins, 060031 Bucharest, Romaniac”Cantacuzino” Medico-Military National Research Institute, 050096 Bucharest, RomaniadInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, D-48143 Münster, GermanyeInstitute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki 710-0046, JapanfNIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 12.06.2024
Tilføjet 12.06.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 24, June 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiwoo Han, Kyung Lib Jang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.06.2024
Tilføjet 12.06.2024
by Jiwoo Han, Kyung Lib Jang All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), recognized as the principal and most biologically potent metabolite of vitamin A, has been identified for its inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The present study reveals that ATRA induces E6-associated protein (E6AP)-mediated proteasomal degradation of HBx to suppress HBV replication in human hepatoma cells in a p53-dependent pathway. For this effect, ATRA induced promoter hypomethylation of E6AP in the presence of HBx, which resulted in the upregulation of E6AP levels in HepG2 but not in Hep3B cells, emphasizing the p53-dependent nature of this effect. As a consequence, ATRA augmented the interaction between E6AP and HBx, resulting in substantial ubiquitination of HBx and consequent reduction in HBx protein levels in both the HBx overexpression system and the in vitro HBV replication model. Additionally, the knockdown of E6AP under ATRA treatment reduced the interaction between HBx and E6AP and decreased the ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of HBx, which prompted a recovery of HBV replication in the presence of ATRA, as confirmed by increased levels of intracellular HBV proteins and secreted HBV levels. This study not only contributes to the understanding of the complex interactions between ATRA, p53, E6AP, and HBx but also provides an academic basis for the clinical employment of ATRA in the treatment of HBV infection.
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