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Alejandro Claudio-Oliva, and Antonio Jose Duran-RomeroHospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain alejandroclaudiooliva97@gmail.com
New England Journal of Medicine, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
Jana Zeitvogel, Katinka Döhner, Ilona Klug, Timmy Richardo, Beate Sodeik, Thomas Werfel
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
Abstract Background Universal antiretroviral treatment (ART) for pregnant women has reduced mother-to-child transmission risk significantly. However, not all women on ART are virally suppressed during pregnancy and lactation. In addition to poor adherence to ART, co-infections particularly other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are known to increase the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission. While the prevalence of STIs during pregnancy has been well studied, the prevalence of STIs in the postpartum period and its association with HIV viral suppression are underreported. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of STIs among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV (WNLHIV) at their 6–14 week postnatal clinic visit in a high HIV prevalence district in South Africa. All women were examined for STI-related symptoms and had vaginal swabs collected and stored for later STI testing. Vaginal swabs were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis), Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoea) and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) using PCR. All women were tested for bacterial vaginosis (BV) using the Nugent scoring criteria. WLHIV had a blood sample collected for HIV viral load, Hepatitis B and syphilis. Results Included in this analysis were 82 WLHIV and 102 WNLHIV. Between 6 and 14 weeks postpartum, 40 (21.7%) AGYW tested positive for any STI and among these 15 (37.5%) were symptomatic and received empirical treatment. C. trachomatis was most commonly detected (10.9%), followed by HSV-2 (7.7%), T. vaginalis (3.8%) and N. gonorrhoea (1.6%). WLHIV were more likely to test positive for an STI (OR 2.0; 0.96–3.96) and BV (OR 4.2; 95%CI 2.1–8.1) compared to WNLHIV. Among WLHIV on ART, 70.5% had an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL) and 20.5% had a PVL > 1000 copies/ml. Testing positive for any STI or BV at the postpartum visit was not associated with PVL > 1000 copies/ml (OR 1.33; 95%CI 0.38–4.64). Conclusion We report a high prevalence of largely asymptomatic STIs and BV in the early postpartum period and STIs in WLHIV were not associated with unsuppressed PVL.The high STI positivity rate among WNLHIV has implications for HIV risk during the postpartum period, and subsequently breastfeeding transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShayan Majidifar, Arash Zabihian, Mohsen Hooshmand
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
by Shayan Majidifar, Arash Zabihian, Mohsen Hooshmand Combining different drugs synergistically is an essential aspect of developing effective treatments. Although there is a plethora of research on computational prediction for new combination therapies, there is limited to no research on combination therapies in the treatment of viral diseases. This paper proposes AI-based models for predicting novel antiviral combinations to treat virus diseases synergistically. To do this, we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising information on viral strains, drug compounds, and their known interactions. As far as we know, this is the first dataset and learning model on combination therapy for viruses. Our proposal includes using a random forest model, an SVM model, and a deep model to train viral combination therapy. The machine learning models showed the highest performance, and the predicted values were validated by a t-test, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed methods. One of the predicted combinations of acyclovir and ribavirin has been experimentally confirmed to have a synergistic antiviral effect against herpes simplex type-1 virus, as described in the literature.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 3.09.2024
Tilføjet 3.09.2024
Abstract Background Universal antiretroviral treatment (ART) for pregnant women has reduced mother-to-child transmission risk significantly. However, not all women on ART are virally suppressed during pregnancy and lactation. In addition to poor adherence to ART, co-infections particularly other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are known to increase the risk of HIV acquisition and HIV transmission. While the prevalence of STIs during pregnancy has been well studied, the prevalence of STIs in the postpartum period and its association with HIV viral suppression are underreported. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we determined the prevalence of STIs among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV (WNLHIV) at their 6–14 week postnatal clinic visit in a high HIV prevalence district in South Africa. All women were examined for STI-related symptoms and had vaginal swabs collected and stored for later STI testing. Vaginal swabs were tested for Trichomonas vaginalis (T.vaginalis), Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoea) and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) using PCR. All women were tested for bacterial vaginosis (BV) using the Nugent scoring criteria. WLHIV had a blood sample collected for HIV viral load, Hepatitis B and syphilis. Results Included in this analysis were 82 WLHIV and 102 WNLHIV. Between 6 and 14 weeks postpartum, 40 (21.7%) AGYW tested positive for any STI and among these 15 (37.5%) were symptomatic and received empirical treatment. C. trachomatis was most commonly detected (10.9%), followed by HSV-2 (7.7%), T. vaginalis (3.8%) and N. gonorrhoea (1.6%). WLHIV were more likely to test positive for an STI (OR 2.0; 0.96–3.96) and BV (OR 4.2; 95%CI 2.1–8.1) compared to WNLHIV. Among WLHIV on ART, 70.5% had an undetectable plasma viral load (PVL) and 20.5% had a PVL > 1000 copies/ml. Testing positive for any STI or BV at the postpartum visit was not associated with PVL > 1000 copies/ml (OR 1.33; 95%CI 0.38–4.64). Conclusion We report a high prevalence of largely asymptomatic STIs and BV in the early postpartum period and STIs in WLHIV were not associated with unsuppressed PVL.The high STI positivity rate among WNLHIV has implications for HIV risk during the postpartum period, and subsequently breastfeeding transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYe Ji Kim, Doyeop Oh, Jaehoon Kim, Jeongtae Son, Jae Yun Moon, Ye Kyung Kim, Bin Ahn, Kyu Ri Kang, Daechan Park, Hyun Mi Kang
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 27.08.2024
Tilføjet 27.08.2024
This study aimed to identify the specific vaccine strain associated with herpes zoster in children following a series of diagnosed cases and to explore whether differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among various vaccine strains are linked to an increased incidence of herpes zoster after vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJing Liu, Cihan Wang, Xin Li, Jingjing Guan, Xiaowei Song, Yinghao Song, Cunjin Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
Michael Maes, Abbas F. Almulla, Xiaoou Tang, Kristina Stoyanova, Aristo Vojdani
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.08.2024
Tilføjet 21.08.2024
Islas-Muñoz, Beda; Chávez-Galán, Leslie; Ramón-Luing, Lucero; Flores-González, Julio; Ocaña-Guzmán, Ranferi; Cornejo-Juárez, Patricia; González-Rodríguez, Andrea; Patricia, Volkow
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.08.2024
Tilføjet 16.08.2024
Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease caused by human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and is mediated by cytokines in an immunodeficient environment. This study aimed to compare IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels among AIDS patients with disseminated KS (DKS), treatment naïve patients living with HIV (PLWHIV) without DKS, and healthy controls. Secondary outcomes were to compare cytokines levels in patients with DKS and unfavorable outcomes, as well as an analysis of the behavior of cytokines over time. Methods: This cohort study was performed at two centers in Mexico City. Three groups were included. Group 1: HIV+ treatment naïve with DKS, Group 2: HIV+ treatment naïve without KS, and Group 3: HIV negative, healthy controls. Plasmatic IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels were measured at baseline and over time in Groups 1 and 2. Results: Seventy-six patients were included: 39 (52%) in Group 1, 17 (22%) in Group 2, and 20 (26%) in Group 3. The median baseline IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα levels were significantly higher in group 1. In group 1, baseline IL-6 was higher in patients who died than in survivors (14.4 vs 5.8 pg/mL p=0.048). Patients with severe immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome due to KS (S-IRIS-KS) had higher IL-6 values than those without it (14.4 vs 5.8 pg/mL p=0.004). In the repeated-measures model in group 1, IL-10 levels were higher in patients who died (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChengbei Bao, and Chao JiFirst Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China jichaofy@fjmu.edu.cn
New England Journal of Medicine, 12.08.2024
Tilføjet 12.08.2024
Mao Asakura, Yasuaki Mizutani, Sayuri Shima, Yoshiki Kawamura, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito, Tatsuro Mutoh, Tetsushi Yoshikawa, Hirohisa Watanabe
Journal of Medical Virology, 10.08.2024
Tilføjet 10.08.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMeijiao GongFrançoise MysterAbdulkader AzouzGuillem Sanchez SanchezShifang LiBenoit CharloteauxBin YangJenna NicholsLucas LefevreJustine JavauxSylvain LeemansOlivier NivellesWillem van CampeStefan RoelsLaurent MostinThierry van den BergAndrew J. DavisonLaurent GilletTimothy ConnelleyDavid VermijlenStanislas GorielyAlain VanderplasschenBenjamin G. DewalsaDepartment of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine—Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), University of Liège, Liège 4000, BelgiumbInstitute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumcCenter for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumdDepartment of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, BelgiumeWalloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), WEL Research Institute, Wavre 1300, BelgiumfGroupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), GIGA-Genomics core facility, University of Liège, Liège 4000, BelgiumgMedical Research Council (MRC)-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, United KingdomhThe Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United KingdomiSciensano, Scientific Directorate Infectious Diseases in Animals, Experimental Center Machelen, Machelen 1830, Belgium
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 32, August 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJingzhan Zhang, Peng Wang, Tingting Li, Weidong Liu, Tian Shi, Man Wang, Wenjie Kong, Xiaoling Huang, Kuerbanjiang Aihemaijiang, Yuan Ding, Feng Gao, Xiaojing Kang
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 5.08.2024
Tilføjet 5.08.2024
Dalila G. Suterio, James R. Hunter, Simone B. Tenore, Sidnei R. Pimentel, Juliana Galinskas, Danilo A. Dias, Débora C. Bellini, Paulo A. Ferreira, Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.08.2024
Tilføjet 3.08.2024
Infection, 31.07.2024
Tilføjet 31.07.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
Abstract Background The causative agents of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome remain unknown in 68–75% of the cases. In Nepal, the cases are tested only for Japanese encephalitis, which constitutes only about 15% of the cases. However, there could be several organisms, including vaccine-preventable etiologies that cause acute encephalitis, when identified could direct public health efforts for prevention, including addressing gaps in vaccine coverage. Objectives This study employs metagenomic next-generation-sequencing in the investigation of underlying causative etiologies contributing to acute encephalitis syndrome in Nepal. Methods In this study, we investigated 90, Japanese-encephalitis-negative, banked cerebrospinal fluid samples that were collected as part of a national surveillance network in 2016 and 2017. Randomization was done to include three age groups (15-years). Only some metadata (age and gender) were available. The investigation was performed in two batches which included total nucleic-acid extraction, followed by individual library preparation (DNA and RNA) and sequencing on Illumina iSeq100. The genomic data were interpreted using Chan Zuckerberg-ID and confirmed with polymerase-chain-reaction. Results Human-alphaherpes-virus 2 and Enterovirus-B were seen in two samples. These hits were confirmed by qPCR and semi-nested PCR respectively. Most of the other samples were marred by low abundance of pathogen, possible freeze-thaw cycles, lack of process controls and associated clinical metadata. Conclusion From this study, two documented causative agents were revealed through metagenomic next-generation-sequencing. Insufficiency of clinical metadata, process controls, low pathogen abundance and absence of standard procedures to collect and store samples in nucleic-acid protectants could have impeded the study and incorporated ambiguity while correlating the identified hits to infection. Therefore, there is need of standardized procedures for sample collection, inclusion of process controls and clinical metadata. Despite challenging conditions, this study highlights the usefulness of mNGS to investigate diseases with unknown etiologies and guide development of adequate clinical-management-algorithms and outbreak investigations in Nepal.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Abstract Background The causative agents of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome remain unknown in 68–75% of the cases. In Nepal, the cases are tested only for Japanese encephalitis, which constitutes only about 15% of the cases. However, there could be several organisms, including vaccine-preventable etiologies that cause acute encephalitis, when identified could direct public health efforts for prevention, including addressing gaps in vaccine coverage. Objectives This study employs metagenomic next-generation-sequencing in the investigation of underlying causative etiologies contributing to acute encephalitis syndrome in Nepal. Methods In this study, we investigated 90, Japanese-encephalitis-negative, banked cerebrospinal fluid samples that were collected as part of a national surveillance network in 2016 and 2017. Randomization was done to include three age groups (15-years). Only some metadata (age and gender) were available. The investigation was performed in two batches which included total nucleic-acid extraction, followed by individual library preparation (DNA and RNA) and sequencing on Illumina iSeq100. The genomic data were interpreted using Chan Zuckerberg-ID and confirmed with polymerase-chain-reaction. Results Human-alphaherpes-virus 2 and Enterovirus-B were seen in two samples. These hits were confirmed by qPCR and semi-nested PCR respectively. Most of the other samples were marred by low abundance of pathogen, possible freeze-thaw cycles, lack of process controls and associated clinical metadata. Conclusion From this study, two documented causative agents were revealed through metagenomic next-generation-sequencing. Insufficiency of clinical metadata, process controls, low pathogen abundance and absence of standard procedures to collect and store samples in nucleic-acid protectants could have impeded the study and incorporated ambiguity while correlating the identified hits to infection. Therefore, there is need of standardized procedures for sample collection, inclusion of process controls and clinical metadata. Despite challenging conditions, this study highlights the usefulness of mNGS to investigate diseases with unknown etiologies and guide development of adequate clinical-management-algorithms and outbreak investigations in Nepal.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStoner, Marie C.D.; Kelly, Nicole K.; Gomez-Olive, F. Xavier; Mall, Sumaya; Wagner, Danielle; Aiello, Allison E.; Bhushan, Nivedita; Kahn, Kathleen; Pettifor, Audrey E.
AIDS, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Objective: Biological markers of stress have been associated with HIV progression and pathogenesis but not with HIV incidence. We sought to determine if elevated stress-responsive biomarkers would be associated with incident HIV among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). Design: We conducted a case-cohort study within the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 068 study among 949 AGYW in South Africa. Cases were AGYW who tested HIV-positive during the eight-year follow-up. Unmatched controls were randomly selected from the HIV-negative population at enrollment. Methods: Dried blood spots from cases and controls were tested from enrollment (2011-2012) for C-reactive protein (CRP), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) antibody titers, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titers. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association between each biomarker and time to incident HIV. Results: Compared to AGYW with the lowest CRP levels, those with medium and high CRP levels had a higher hazard ratio (HR) of incident HIV (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.95, 2.21; HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 0.98,2.30, respectively), although not statistically significant. The relative hazard of incident HIV was also higher among AGYW who were CMV seropositive vs. seronegative (low antibodies HR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.2,3.87; medium HR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.28,3.95; high HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.99,3.21). Those with the highest HSV-1 antibody levels experienced an increased hazard of HIV compared to those who were HSV-1 seronegative (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.03,2.44). Conclusions: Biological stress may increase AGYW\'s susceptibility to HIV acquisition through changes in immune function, viral infection, and increased biological vulnerability to disease. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYushan Shi, Jiafeng Zhang, Zhantong Wang, Feng Shan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.07.2024
Tilføjet 24.07.2024
by Yushan Shi, Jiafeng Zhang, Zhantong Wang, Feng Shan Background The current prevalence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is notably high, with individuals afflicted by HSV-2 facing recurrent outbreaks, challenges in achieving remission, and an elevated risk of HIV infection. This study aims to investigate the relationship between alcohol consumption and HSV-2 infection. Methods The data for this study were sourced from 7257 participants who took part in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2016. The target population consisted of adults with reliable HSV-2 plasma results, and alcohol consumption was assessed using self-report methods. We evaluated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between alcohol consumption and HSV-2 infection. These estimations were derived from a logistic regression model that was adjusted for key confounding factors. Subgroup analysis specifically focused on alcohol consumption, and the interaction between HSV-2 infection, alcohol consumption, and other variables was assessed through stratified analysis. Results Among the 7,257 participants included, 89.8% (6,518/7,257) reported varying levels of alcohol consumption history. Compared to individuals who never drinkers, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for former drinkers, light drinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.34–2.4, p < 0.001), 1.38 (95% CI: 1.07–1.77, p = 0.012), 1.49 (95% CI: 1.15–1.94, p = 0.003), and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.14–1.9, p = 0.003), respectively. The results remained stable in subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Current research indicates that individuals with a history of alcohol consumption exhibit a higher risk of HSV-2 infection compared to those who have never drinkers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.07.2024
Tilføjet 23.07.2024
Abstract Purpose This study assessed the frequency, clinical significance, and risk factors for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods The study included adult CAP-patients who were enrolled in the CAPNETZ study between 2007 and 2017 and had a residual sputum sample available for analysis. In addition to routine diagnostics, sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV-1/2 using PCR. Demographics, comorbidities, and CRB-65 score were compared between HSV-positive and negative patients using Fisher exact or Mann Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses investigated the influence of HSV reactivation on a modified hospital recovery scale (HRS) until day 7, divided into 3 categories (no oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, ICU admission or death). Results Among 245 patients, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected in 30 patients (12.2%, 95%CI 8.7–16.9) and 0 patients, respectively. All HSV-positive patients were hospitalized, had a CRB-65 severity score of 0–2 and survived the first 28 day. In the HSV-positive group, patients had a non-significantly higher median age (70.5 versus 66 years) and a higher rate of oncological comorbidities (16.7% versus 8.8%) compared to the HSV-negative group. Distribution of co-pathogens and outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age (AOR 1.029, p = 0.012) and CRB-65 score (AOR 1.709, p = 0.048), but not HSV-1 as single or co-pathogen were independently associated with higher HRS. Conclusion Our study suggests that HSV-1 reactivation is common in CAP but might not be associated with specific risk factors or a complicated disease course.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 22.07.2024
Tilføjet 22.07.2024
Abstract Purpose This study assessed the frequency, clinical significance, and risk factors for Herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation in immunocompetent patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods The study included adult CAP-patients who were enrolled in the CAPNETZ study between 2007 and 2017 and had a residual sputum sample available for analysis. In addition to routine diagnostics, sputum and blood samples were tested for HSV-1/2 using PCR. Demographics, comorbidities, and CRB-65 score were compared between HSV-positive and negative patients using Fisher exact or Mann Whitney test. Logistic regression analyses investigated the influence of HSV reactivation on a modified hospital recovery scale (HRS) until day 7, divided into 3 categories (no oxygen therapy, oxygen therapy, ICU admission or death). Results Among 245 patients, HSV-1 and HSV-2 were detected in 30 patients (12.2%, 95%CI 8.7–16.9) and 0 patients, respectively. All HSV-positive patients were hospitalized, had a CRB-65 severity score of 0–2 and survived the first 28 day. In the HSV-positive group, patients had a non-significantly higher median age (70.5 versus 66 years) and a higher rate of oncological comorbidities (16.7% versus 8.8%) compared to the HSV-negative group. Distribution of co-pathogens and outcome parameters did not significantly differ between both groups. In a multivariate logistic regression model, age (AOR 1.029, p = 0.012) and CRB-65 score (AOR 1.709, p = 0.048), but not HSV-1 as single or co-pathogen were independently associated with higher HRS. Conclusion Our study suggests that HSV-1 reactivation is common in CAP but might not be associated with specific risk factors or a complicated disease course.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShaoli Ding, Shiqi Wen, Hongxia Kang, Haijun Zhang, Hong Guo, Yulan Li
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.07.2024
Tilføjet 18.07.2024
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common long-term complication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation and imposes a substantial economic burden on the healthcare system and society. Individuals exposed to herpes zoster (HZ) experience a 5%–30% risk of developing PHN [1]. Therefore, physicians, health policymakers, and high-risk groups should focus on preventive strategies against PHN by thoroughly investigating and understanding the risk factors [2]. However, the complete spectrum of the risk factors remains unclear [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.07.2024
Tilføjet 18.07.2024
Abstract Background The indigenous population located in the central region of Brazil, is the second largest in terms of population size in the country. The Indigenous Reserve of Dourados has risk factors that increase the vulnerability of the indigenous population to infectious diseases, especially Human alphaherpesvirus (HSV-1), a neglected disease with high prevalence in priority populations in developing countries. The virus can also cause many more severe diseases, including widespread neonatal infections, herpetic keratitis, and herpes encephalitis, which can be fatal if left untreated. We estimated the prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies and correlated it with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the Indigenous population of the Jaguapirú and Bororó villages (Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil). Methods Our approach was cross-sectional. From March 2017 to November 2018. Using anti-HSV-1 (Gg1) IgM and anti-HSV-1 (gG1) IgG Euroimmun and the detection and quantification of HSV-1 viral load in plasma samples, through real-time PCR. The maps were constructed using QGIS and the statistical analyses using R Studio software. Results A total of 1138 individuals (> 18 years old) were enrolled. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 IgM and IgG were 20% and 97.5%, respectively. The prevalence of anti-HSV-1 antibodies for IgG was higher in both sexes. Anti-HSV-1 IgM antibodies were present in 17.1%, 21.2%, 12.5%, and 22% of the participants with urinary problems, genital wounds, genital warts, and urethral discharge, respectively. Real-time PCR was used for confirmatory testing; HSV-1 DNA was detected in 25.6% (54/211) of anti-HSV1 IgM-positive samples. Viral loads ranged from 5.99E + 02 to 3.36E + 13. Conclusions The seroprevalence of HSV-1 IgM and detection of HSV-1 DNA in the Indigenous population confirmed high silent prevalence. Furthermore, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 in the Indigenous population was higher than that reported in the general adult Brazilian population. Various socioeconomic factors, drug use, and health and sexual behaviors could contribute to the facilitation of HSV-1 transmission in the Indigenous population. Our results may help develop culturally appropriate intervention programs that eliminate health access barriers and improve the implementation of public health policies aimed at promoting information regarding the prevention, treatment, and control of HSV-1 infection in Brazilian Indigenous populations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRika Shoji, Ken Fukuda, Tomoka Mizobuchi, Yu Arakawa, Kenji Yamashiro
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.07.2024
Tilføjet 17.07.2024
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a vision-threatening uveitis caused by the reactivation of herpes viruses, which includes the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). Reactivation of these viruses can occur due to several factors and has recently been suggested to be related to COVID-19 infection and after vaccination against it. While cases of VZV-induced ARN following COVID-19 vaccination have been previously documented, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of recurrence of ARN in a patient with a history of HSV2-induced ARN.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiho Lee, Chang-Won Lee, David L. Suarez, Scott A. Lee, Taejoong Kim, Erica Spackman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.07.2024
Tilføjet 17.07.2024
by Jiho Lee, Chang-Won Lee, David L. Suarez, Scott A. Lee, Taejoong Kim, Erica Spackman The outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in North America that started in 2021 has increased interest in applying vaccination as a strategy to help control and prevent the disease in poultry. Two commercially available vaccines based on the recombinant herpes virus of turkeys (rHVT) vector were tested against a recent North American clade 2.3.4.4b H5 HPAI virus isolate: A/turkey/Indiana/22-003707-003/2022 H5N1 in specific pathogen free white leghorn (WL) chickens and commercial broiler chickens. One rHVT-H5 vaccine encodes a hemagglutinin (HA) gene designed by the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen method (COBRA-HVT vaccine). The other encodes an HA gene of a clade 2.2 virus (2.2-HVT vaccine). There was 100% survival of both chicken types COBRA-HVT vaccinated groups and in the 2.2-HVT vaccinated groups there was 94.8% and 90% survival of the WL and broilers respectively. Compared to the 2.2-HVT vaccinated groups, WL in the COBRA-HVT vaccinated group shed significantly lower mean viral titers by the cloacal route and broilers shed significantly lower titers by the oropharyngeal route than broilers. Virus titers detected in oral and cloacal swabs were otherwise similar among both vaccine groups and chicken types. To assess antibody-based tests to identify birds that have been infected after vaccination (DIVA-VI), sera collected after the challenge were tested with enzyme-linked lectin assay-neuraminidase inhibition (ELLA-NI) for N1 neuraminidase antibody detection and by commercial ELISA for detection of antibodies to the NP protein. As early as 7 days post challenge (DPC) 100% of the chickens were positive by ELLA-NI. ELISA was less sensitive with a maximum of 75% positive at 10DPC in broilers vaccinated with 2.2-HVT. Both vaccines provided protection from challenge to both types of chickens and ELLA-NI was sensitive at identifying antibodies to the challenge virus therefore should be evaluated further for DIVA-VI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Infection, 9.07.2024
Tilføjet 9.07.2024
Chia‐Li Kao, Ping‐Hsin Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.07.2024
Tilføjet 4.07.2024
Ewing, Anne; Madan, Rebecca Pellett
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Purpose of review The purpose of this focused review is to discuss unusual presentations of viral infections in the context of specific inborn errors of immunity. We will discuss hyper immunoglobulin E (IgE) syndromes, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and X-linked agammaglobulinemia as examples of inborn errors of immunity associated with specific presentations of viral infection and disease. Recent findings Advances in both genetic and viral diagnostics have broadened our understanding of viral pathogenesis in the setting of immune dysfunction and the variable phenotype of inborn errors of immunity. Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency is now recognized as an inborn error of immunity within the hyper IgE syndrome phenotype and is associated with unusually aggressive cutaneous disease caused by herpes simplex and other viruses. Studies of patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis have proven that rarely detected human papillomavirus subtypes may cause malignancy in the absence of adequate host defenses. Finally, patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia may remain at risk for severe and chronic viral infections, even as immune globulin supplementation reduces the risk of bacterial infection. Summary Susceptibility to viral infections in patients with inborn errors of immunity is conferred by specific, molecular defects. Recurrent, severe, or otherwise unusual presentations of viral disease should prompt investigation for an underlying genetic defect.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKampouri, Eleftheria; Little, Jessica S.; Crocchiolo, Roberto; Hill, Joshua A.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Purpose of review Viral infections continue to burden allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. We review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6, HHV-8 and parvovirus B19 following HCT. Recent findings Advances in HCT practices significantly improved outcomes but impact viral epidemiology: post-transplant cyclophosphamide for graft-versus-host disease prevention increases HHV-6 reactivation risk while the impact of letermovir for CMV prophylaxis – and resulting decrease in broad-spectrum antivirals – is more complex. Beyond the well established HHV-6 encephalitis, recent evidence implicates HHV-6 in pneumonitis. Novel less toxic therapeutic approaches (brincidofovir, virus-specific T-cells) may enable preventive strategies in the future. HHV-8 is the causal agent of Kaposi\'s sarcoma, which is only sporadically reported after HCT, but other manifestations are possible and not well elucidated. Parvovirus B19 can cause severe disease post-HCT, frequently manifesting with anemia, but can also be easily overlooked due to lack of routine screening and ambiguity of manifestations. Summary Studies should establish the contemporary epidemiology of HHV-6, and other more insidious viruses, such as HHV-8 and parvovirus B19 following HCT and should encompass novel cellular therapies. Standardized and readily available diagnostic methods are key to elucidate epidemiology and optimize preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the burden of infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoseph Sassine, Emily A. Siegrist, Tali Fainguelernt Shafat, Roy F. Chemaly
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Herpesviruses represent common and significant infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In the last decade, major advances in the prevention and treatment of these infections were accomplished.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQianjin Qi, Minghao Zhang, Lin Wen, Lili Fu, Li Feng, Lulu Han
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.06.2024
Tilføjet 26.06.2024
Kathryn A. LurainRamya RamaswamiLaurie T. KrugDenise WhitbyJoseph M. ZiegelbauerHao-Wei WangRobert Yarchoan1The HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA2Viral Oncology Section, AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA3Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USAGraeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 21.06.2024
Tilføjet 21.06.2024
Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh, Beth A. Rousseau
Trends in Microbiology, 13.06.2024
Tilføjet 13.06.2024
Dysregulation of the constitutive heterochromatin machinery (HCM) that silences pericentromeric regions and endogenous retroviral elements in the human genome has consequences for aging and cancer. By recruiting epigenetic regulators, Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP1/TRIM28/TIF1β) is integral to the function of the HCM. Epigenetically silencing DNA genomes of incoming herpesviruses to enforce latency, KAP1 and HCM also serve in an antiviral capacity. In addition to gene silencing, newer reports highlight KAP1’s ability to directly activate cellular gene transcription. Here, we discuss the many facets of KAP1, including recent findings that unexpectedly connect KAP1 to the inflammasome, reveal KAP1 cleavage as a novel mode of regulation, and argue for a pro-herpesviral KAP1 function that ensures transition from transcription to replication of the herpesvirus genome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.06.2024
Tilføjet 4.06.2024
Abstract Background Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is an important central nervous infection with severe neurological sequelae. The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristic and outcomes of patients with HSE in Vietnam. Methods This was a retrospective study of 66 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis who admitted to the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam from 2018 to 2021. The detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cerebrospinal fluid was made by the real-time PCR assay. We reported the clinical manifestation on admission and evaluated clinical outcomes at the hospital discharge by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of severe outcomes. Results Of the 66 patients with laboratory confirmed HSE, the median age was 53 years (IQR 38–60) and 44 patients (69.7%) were male. The most common manifestations included fever (100%), followed by the consciousness disorder (95.5%). Other neurological manifestation were seizures (36.4%), memory disorders (31.8%), language disorders (19.7%) and behavioral disorders (13.6%). Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed 93.8% patients with temporal lobe lesions, followed by abnormalities in insula (50%), frontal lobe (34.4%) and 48.4% of patients had bilateral lesions. At discharge, 19 patients (28.8%) completely recovered, 15 patients (22.7%) had mild sequelae, 28 patients (42.4%) had moderate to severe sequelae. Severe neurological sequelae were memory disorders (55.8%), movement disorders (53.5%), language disorders (30.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Glasgow score decrement at admission, seizures, and time duration from onset of symptoms to the start of Acyclovir treatment > 4 days were independent factors associated with severe outcomes in HSE patients. Conclusion Glasgow score decrement, seizures and delay treatment with Acyclovir were associated with the poor outcome of patients with HSE.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 30.05.2024
Tilføjet 30.05.2024
Abstract Background The clinical severity of genital HSV-2 infection varies widely among infected persons with some experiencing frequent genital lesions while others are asymptomatic. The viral genital shedding rate is closely associated with and has been established as a surrogate marker of clinical severity.Methods To assess the relationship between viral genetics and shedding, we assembled a set of 145 persons who had the severity of their genital herpes quantified through determination of their HSV genital shedding rate. An HSV-2 sample from each person was sequenced and biallelic variants among these genomes were identified.Results We found no association between metrics of genome-wide variation in HSV-2 and shedding rate. A viral genome-wide association study (vGWAS) identified the minor alleles of three individual unlinked variants as significantly associated with higher shedding rate (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaria Paula de Souza Sampaio, Mateus Santana do Rosário, Lorena Cunha Martins, Luiza Vieira Luedy Trindade, Marcos Vinicius Lima de Oliveira Francisco, Bernardo Gratival Gouvea Costa, Gessica Almeida Vasconcelos, Italo Andrade Barbosa Lima, Yasmin Santos Freitas Macêdo, Fernanda Maria Lessa Carvalho, Marina Borges Rabelo de Santana, Ricardo Khouri, Hegger Fritsch, Joilson Xavier, Vagner Fonseca, Marta Giovanetti, Arabela Leal e Silva de Mello, Felicidade Mota Pereira, Gubio Soares Campos, Pedro Antonio Pereira de Jesus, Daniel Santana Farias, Murilo de Santos Souza, Adilson Junior Pinto Galvão, Felipe Oliveira Costa, Marcia Carvalho Bessa, Janeusa Rita Leite Primo Chagas, Celia Silvany, Jose Mário Meira Teles, Maricelia Maia de Lima, Tarsis Leonardo Almeida Farias, Tiago Gräf, Isadora Cristina de Siqueira
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Viral encephalitis is mainly characterized by fever, headache, and decreased consciousness. Although, in most cases, the underlying cause of encephalitis is unknown, viruses of the Herpesviridae family are the most common, accounting for 50 to 75% of identified agents [1]. In the Americas, the most common arboviruses related to encephalitis are West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) [1]. On the other hand, encephalitis has uncommonly been associated with Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) viral infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStefanie Reiter, Ting Sun, Sabine Gärtner, Stefan Pöhlmann, Michael Winkler
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
by Stefanie Reiter, Ting Sun, Sabine Gärtner, Stefan Pöhlmann, Michael Winkler Non-human primate (NHP)-based model systems are highly relevant for biomedical research. However, only few NHP cell lines are available and the generation of additional cell lines is an urgent need to help in the refinement and replacement of these models. Using lentiviral transduction of c-Fos, we established cell lines from the brain of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Transcriptome analysis revealed that these cell lines are closely related to astrocytes, which was confirmed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence microscopy detecting expression of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) demonstrated that major pathways of the interferon (IFN) system are intact. Using retroviral pseudotypes we found that the cell lines are susceptible to entry driven by the glycoproteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and to a lesser extent influenza A virus (IAV). Finally, these cells supported growth of Zika virus (ZIKV) and Papiine alphaherpesvirus 2 (PaHV2). In summary, we developed IFN-responsive cell lines from the rhesus macaque brain that allowed entry driven by several viral glycoproteins and were permissive to infection with ZIKV and a primate simplexvirus. These cell lines will be useful for efforts to analyze neurotropic viral infections in rhesus macaque models.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEdy Kornelius, Shih‐Chang Lo, Chien‐Ning Huang, Chi‐Chih Wang, Yu‐Hsun Wang, Yi‐Sun Yang
Journal of Medical Virology, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Sadhbh O'Rourke, Bairbre Ni Laoi, Susan Clarke, Brendan Crowley
Journal of Medical Virology, 11.05.2024
Tilføjet 11.05.2024
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
In the Editorial titled “Shedding Patterns of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infections,” published online on October 22, 2022, and in the November 1, 2022, issue of JAMA, Dr Whitley omitted potential conflict of interest disclosures. The disclosure statement has been corrected to include “serving on the board of directors for Gilead Sciences, Inc, with vested shares in the company at the time of this publication, and as cofounder and investor in Treovir LLC.” This article was corrected online.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKidman, R., Mwera, J., Rui, Y., Breton, E., Zulu, A., Behrman, J., Kohler, H.-P.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
PurposeThe Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH-ACE) is a study of adolescents surveyed during 2017–2021. It provides an important opportunity to examine the longitudinal impact of ACEs on health and development across the early life course. The MLSFH-ACE cohort provides rich data on adolescents, their children and adult caregivers in a low-income, high-HIV-prevalence context in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). ParticipantsThe MLSFH-ACE cohort is a population-based study of adolescents living in three districts in rural Malawi. Wave 1 enrolment took place in 2017–2018 and included 2061 adolescents aged 10–16 years and 1438 caregivers. Wave 2 took place in 2021 and included data on 1878 adolescents and 208 offspring. Survey instruments captured ACEs during childhood and adolescence, HIV-related behavioural risk, mental and physical health, cognitive development and education, intimate partner violence (IPV), marriage and aspirations, early transitions to adulthood and protective factors. Biological indicators included HIV, herpes simplex virus and anthropometric measurements. Findings to dateKey findings include a high prevalence of ACEs among adolescents in Malawi, a low incidence of HIV and positive associations between ACE scores and composite HIV risk scores. There were also strong associations between ACEs and both IPV victimisation and perpetration. Future plansMLSFH-ACE data will be publicly released and will provide a wealth of information on ACEs and adolescent outcomes in low-income, HIV-endemic SSA contexts. Future expansions of the cohort are planned to capture data during early adulthood.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a disease with unfavorable vital and functional prognoses. There are no recent epidemiological data on HSE at a national level using real-life databases, especially in France. This study aimed to report the incidence, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with HSE. Methods We conducted a comprehensive retrospective cohort study on all patients hospitalized for HSE in France between 2015 and 2022 using national hospital discharge databases. Incidence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (including comorbidities, seizure, stays’ features, intensive care supports) were described. The short- (first stay) and long-term (6-month) outcomes were reported, in terms of mortality and rehospitalizations. Results 1425 HSE patients were included (median age 67 [54–77] years old, M/F sex ratio 1.07), giving a mean yearly hospital incidence of 2.3 [2.1–2.5] per 1,000,000 inhabitants. 51.2% of the patients were admitted in ICU (n = 730), of whom 59.0% were mechanically ventilated. The overall mortality during the first stay was 14.3% (n = 204), up to 17.9% for ICU patients. Within 6 months, among the survivors, 10.1% had at least one rehospitalization related to HSE. At 6 months, 16.5% of all patients had died (n = 235), 20.8% for ICU patients. Conclusion In France, the incidence of hospitalizations for HSE was 2.3 per 1,000,000 inhabitants with more than half of the patients admitted in ICU and a 6-month in-hospital mortality about 16.5%. This real-life update on the characteristics and severe outcomes of the disease raises awareness among care practitioners, of the serious nature of the disease, and thus can lead to higher vigilance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFengge Wang, Yidan Gao, Abram L. Wagner, Yihan Lu
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Background Clinically, most patients with Kaposi\'s sarcoma (KS) are male, and several direct and indirect mechanisms may underlie this increased susceptibility in men, Kaposi\'s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is considered to be the primary etiological agent responsible for KS. Thus, we propose the hypothesis that men are more susceptible to HHV-8 infection, leading to a higher incidence of Kaposi\'s sarcoma among males. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between gender and HHV-8 seropositivity in the general population. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed using 6 online databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang. Studies published before March 15, 2023, were included. Results In all, 33 articles including 41 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the included adult population. men had a higher risk of HHV-8 infection than did women in adult populations from all over the world (odds ratio [OR]: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.15), but no differences were found in child population from all over the world (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79–1.01). There was a significant difference in HHV-8 seroprevalence between men and women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) adult population (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26). However, no significant differences were observed in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) child population (OR: 0.90, 95%CI 0.78–1.03). As for other continents, the results showed no significant difference, such as the Asian population (OR: 1.03, 95%CI: 0.92–1.16). or the European and American populations (OR 1.01, 95%CI 0.87–1.17). Conclusion There was a slight gender disparity for HHV-8 infection in the adult population. Among the adult populations from SSA and globally, men were more likely to be infected with HHV-8 than were women. However, no statistical significance was observed in the child populations from SSA and globally. In the future, the inclusion of more standardized studies may strengthen the results of this study.
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