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Xue Zhao Yijing Gu Xiaode Tang Chenyan Jiang Fanghao Fang Wei Chu Lixin Tao Xi Zhang Min Chen Huanyu Wu Youhua Xie Jing Liu Zheng Teng a Virus Testing Laboratory, Pathogen Testing Center, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH/CAMS) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinac Microbiological Testing Department, Shanghai Baoshan District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinad Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Huangpu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinae Microbiological Laboratory, Shanghai Fengxian District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Conrad Keating
Lancet, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
This is a dangerous time for global health, not least given widespread vaccine disinformation across social media, with the aim of undermining societal trust in life-saving vaccines. Compounding this spread of fake propaganda and its potential to contribute to avoidable deaths are ongoing pandemic threats. In June, 2024, No Time to Gamble: Leaders Must Unite to Prevent Pandemics, a report by Helen Clark and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, former Co-Chairs of the influential Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, highlighted two alarming developments: the transmission of highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) into mammals and the emergence of the more virulent clade 1b variant of mpox virus in DR Congo.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDenise Hsu, Akila Jayaraman, Alicia Pucci, Riya Joshi, Kevin Mancini, Hui Ling Chen, Kindra Koslovsky, Xuezhou Mao, Angela Choi, Carole Henry, Jignesh Vakil, Daniel Stadlbauer, Patricia Jorquera, Guha Asthagiri Arunkumar, Nelia E Sanchez-Crespo, L Tyler Wadsworth, Vellore Bhupathy, Evelyn Du, Andrei Avanesov, Jintanat Ananworanich, Raffael Nachbagauer
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 6.09.2024
Tilføjet 6.09.2024
These data support the continued clinical development of mRNA-based next-generation seasonal influenza vaccines with broadened influenza A/H3N2 strain coverage.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 5.09.2024
Tilføjet 5.09.2024
Abstract Background On March 16th 2024, the first case of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3 since the end of the global COVID-19 Pandemic was reported in Kunming, China. To enhance comprehension of the source of infection and risk factors of the H10N3 virus infection, this case report summarizes the clinical features, epidemiological investigation, and laboratory test results. Provides recommendations for the prevention and control of Human infection with avian influenza H10N3. Case presentation A 51-year-old male with a history of COVID-19 infection and a smoking habit of 30 years, worked in livestock breeding and was exposed to sick and dead poultry before falling ill with fever and chills on 28th February 2024. A week later, he was diagnosed with severe pneumonia, influenza, and respiratory failure by the Third People\'s Hospital of Kunming(KM-TPH). He was discharged on 17th April and none of his 6 close contacts showed any symptoms of illness. Environmental samples taken from the epidemic spot revealed that peacock feces tested positive for avian influenza sub-type H9 and waterfowl specimens showed positive results for avian influenza sub-type H5. Gene sequencing conducted on positive specimens from the patient\'s respiratory tract by the Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) showed a high degree of similarity (98.6–99.5%) with the strain responsible for the second global case of human infected with H10N3 (reported from Zhejiang, China 2022). Conclusions According to the available epidemiological information, there is limited evidence to suggest that H10N3 viruses are excessively lethal. However, adaptive site mutations have been observed in the H10N3 isoform of mammals. While it is unlikely that the H10N3 virus will spread among humans, the possibility of additional cases cannot be entirely ruled out. Symptoms of human infection with H10N3 avian influenza are similar to those of common respiratory infections, which may result in them being overlooked during initial clinical consultations. Therefore, it is essential to improve surveillance of the H10 sub-type of avian influenza and to increase the awareness of hospital-related workers of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiapei Yu Congcong Shang Xiaoyan Deng Ju Jia Xiao Shang Zeyi Wang Ying Zheng Rongling Zhang Yeming Wang Hui Zhang Hongyu Liu William J. Liu Hui Li Bin Cao a Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China–Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad THU-PKU Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Infections, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinag National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 3.09.2024
Tilføjet 3.09.2024
Omnia Kutkat Mokhtar Gomaa Yassmin Moatasim Ahmed El Taweel Mina Nabil Kamel Mohamed El Sayes Mohamed GabAllah Ahmed Kandeil Pamela P. McKenzie Richard J. Webby Ghazi Kayali Mohamed Ahmed Ali Rabeh El-Shesheny a Centre of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egyptb Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USAc Human Link DMCC, Dubai, UAE
Emerg Microbes Infect, 1.09.2024
Tilføjet 1.09.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Abstract Influenza-like illness (ILI) patients co-detected with respiratory pathogens exhibit poorer health outcomes than those with single infections. To address the paucity of knowledge concerning the incidence of concurrent respiratory pathogens, their relationships, and the clinical differences between patients detected with single and multiple pathogens, we performed an in-depth characterization of the oropharyngeal samples of primary care patients collected in Genoa (Northwest Italy), during winter seasons 2018/19–2019/20. The apriori algorithm was employed to evaluate the incidence of viral, bacterial, and viral-bacterial pairs during the study period. The grade of correlation between pathogens was investigated using the Phi coefficient. Factors associated with viral, bacterial or viral-bacterial co-detection were assessed using logistic regression. The most frequently identified pathogens included influenza A, rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The highest correlations were found between bacterial-bacterial and viral-bacterial pairs, such as Haemophilus influenzae-Streptococcus pneumoniae, adenovirus-Haemophilus influenzae, adenovirus-Streptococcus pneumoniae, RSV-A-Bordetella pertussis, and influenza B Victoria-Bordetella parapertussis. Viruses were detected together at significantly lower rates. Notably, rhinovirus, influenza, and RSV exhibited significant negative correlations with each other. Co-detection was more prevalent in children aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of common respiratory tract infection pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of respiratory tract infection. Methods A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on 11,538 children with respiratory tract infections at Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2022 to November 2023. The types of respiratory tract infections, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections, as well as five respiratory pathogens: influenza A virus (influenza A), influenza B virus (influenza B virus, adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections, were analyzed and compared for different genders, ages, temperatures, and air quality in different months; And the changes of five pathogens in children with respiratory tract infections of different disease severity. Results From December 2022 to November 2023, a total of 11,538 children with respiratory infections were included in the analysis, including 6436 males and 5102 females, with an age of 4.92 ± 2.03 years. The proportion of upper respiratory tract infections is as high as 72.17%, and lower respiratory tract infections account for 27.83%. Among them, 2387 were positive for Flu A antigen, with a positive rate of 20.69%, 51 cases were positive for Flu B antigen, and the positive rate was 0.4%, 1296 cases were positive for adv antigen, with a positive rate of 11.23%, 868 cases were positive for RSV antigen, with a positive rate of 7.52%, 2481 cases were positive for MP IgM antibody or MP antigen, and the positive rate was 21.50%. Flu B in male children The infection rate of ADV and MP was higher than that of female children (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNiklas Dyrby Johansen, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Ankeet S. Bhatt, Daniel Modin, Safia Chatur, Brian L. Claggett, Kira Hyldekær Janstrup, Carsten Schade Larsen, Lykke Larsen, Lothar Wiese, Michael Dalager-Pedersen, Lars Køber, Scott D. Solomon, Pradeesh Sivapalan, Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen, Cyril Jean-Marie Martel, Tyra Grove Krause, Tor Biering-Sørensen
Nature, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Edessa, D., Kumsa, F. A., Dinsa, G., Oljira, L.
BMJ Open, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
ObjectiveAntibiotic misuse includes using them to treat colds and influenza, obtaining them without a prescription, not finishing the prescribed course and sharing them with others. Although drug providers are well positioned to advise clients on proper stewardship practices, antibiotic misuse continues to rise in Ethiopia. It necessitates an understanding of why drug providers failed to limit such risky behaviours. This study aimed to explore drug providers’ perspectives on antibiotic misuse practices in eastern Ethiopia. SettingThe study was conducted in rural Haramaya district and Harar town, eastern Ethiopia. Design and participantsAn exploratory qualitative study was undertaken between March and June 2023, among the 15 drug providers. In-depth interviews were conducted using pilot-tested, semistructured questions. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analysed thematically. The analyses considered the entire dataset and field notes. ResultsThe study identified self-medication pressures, non-prescribed dispensing motives, insufficient regulatory functions and a lack of specific antibiotic use policy as the key contributors to antibiotic misuse. We found previous usage experience, a desire to avoid extra costs and a lack of essential diagnostics and antibiotics in public institutions as the key drivers of non-prescribed antibiotic access from private drug suppliers. Non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing in pharmacies was driven by client satisfaction, financial gain, business survival and market competition from informal sellers. Antibiotic misuse in the setting has also been linked to traditional and ineffective dispensing audits, inadequate regulatory oversights and policy gaps. ConclusionThis study highlights profits and oversimplified access to antibiotics as the main motivations for their misuse. It also identifies the traditional antibiotic dispensing audit as an inefficient regulatory operation. Hence, enforcing specific antibiotic usage policy guidance that entails an automated practice audit, a responsible office and insurance coverage for persons with financial limitations can help optimise antibiotic use while reducing resistance consequences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
Abstract Objective At different times, public health faces various challenges and the degree of intervention measures varies. The research on the impact and prediction of meteorology factors on influenza is increasing gradually, however, there is currently no evidence on whether its research results are affected by different periods. This study aims to provide limited evidence to reveal this issue. Methods Daily data on influencing factors and influenza in Xiamen were divided into three parts: overall period (phase AB), non-COVID-19 epidemic period (phase A), and COVID-19 epidemic period (phase B). The association between influencing factors and influenza was analysed using generalized additive models (GAMs). The excess risk (ER) was used to represent the percentage change in influenza as the interquartile interval (IQR) of meteorology factors increases. The 7-day average daily influenza cases were predicted using the combination of bi-directional long short memory (Bi-LSTM) and random forest (RF) through multi-step rolling input of the daily multifactor values of the previous 7-day. Results In periods A and AB, air temperature below 22 °C was a risk factor for influenza. However, in phase B, temperature showed a U-shaped effect on it. Relative humidity had a more significant cumulative effect on influenza in phase AB than in phase A (peak: accumulate 14d, AB: ER = 281.54, 95% CI = 245.47 ~ 321.37; A: ER = 120.48, 95% CI = 100.37 ~ 142.60). Compared to other age groups, children aged 4–12 were more affected by pressure, precipitation, sunshine, and day light, while those aged ≥ 13 were more affected by the accumulation of humidity over multiple days. The accuracy of predicting influenza was highest in phase A and lowest in phase B. Conclusions The varying degrees of intervention measures adopted during different phases led to significant differences in the impact of meteorology factors on influenza and in the influenza prediction. In association studies of respiratory infectious diseases, especially influenza, and environmental factors, it is advisable to exclude periods with more external interventions to reduce interference with environmental factors and influenza related research, or to refine the model to accommodate the alterations brought about by intervention measures. In addition, the RF-Bi-LSTM model has good predictive performance for influenza.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSimon Feys, Agostinho Carvalho, Cornelius J Clancy, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Martin Hoenigl, Katrien Lagrou, Bart J A Rijnders, Laura Seldeslachts, Lore Vanderbeke, Frank L van de Veerdonk, Paul E Verweij, Joost Wauters
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are increasingly recognised as important complications in patients requiring intensive care for severe viral pneumonia. The diagnosis can typically be made in 10–20% of patients with severe influenza or COVID-19, but only when appropriate diagnostic tools are used. Bronchoalveolar lavage sampling for culture, galactomannan testing, and PCR forms the cornerstone of diagnosis, whereas visual examination of the tracheobronchial tract during bronchoscopy is required to detect invasive Aspergillus tracheobronchitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Tae-Jong Kim, Hong-Joon Shin, Tae-Ok Kim, Yong-Soo Kwon
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.08.2024
Tilføjet 29.08.2024
by Eun Jeong Won, Yu Jeong Lee, Moon-Ju Kim, Tae-Jong Kim, Hong-Joon Shin, Tae-Ok Kim, Yong-Soo Kwon Although gastroesophageal reflux has been recognized as one of the risk factors of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) progression, the effect of reflux on the lower respiratory tract microbiota has not been studied in detail. We investigated the composition of the lower respiratory tract microbiota in patients with clinically suspected NTM-PD, comparing them based on the presence of reflux. Forty-seven patients suspected of having NTM-PD were enrolled and assigned according to presence of reflux (n = 22) and non- reflux (n = 25). We performed a pepsin ELISA assay to identify the presence of reflux and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There were no significant differences in the diversity or composition of the lower respiratory microbiota between the NTM-PD and non-NTM-PD groups. Bacterial richness was observed in the non-reflux group than in the reflux group [P = 0.03] and a cluster in the reflux group was observed. The reflux group showed a predominance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus among the NTM-PD group and for P. aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Eikenella species among the non-NTM-PD group. The non-reflux groups presented diverse patterns. A linear discriminant analysis and volcano plot demonstrated that P. aeruginosa, H. haemolyticus, Selenomonas artemidis, and Dolosigranulum pigrum were specifically associated with the NTM-PD reflux group, while P. aeruginosa was specifically associated with the non-NTM-PD reflux group. These observations confirm that the lower respiratory microbiota is consistently altered by reflux but not in NTM-PD.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedP. Loubet, S. Fourati, D. Bouzid
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.08.2024
Tilføjet 28.08.2024
Rapid respiratory syndrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) panels have improved pathogen detection in patients with acute respiratory infections [1]. Most of the current guidelines do not recommend their routine use in emergency departments. A recent meta-analysis on the use of rapid respiratory virus testing in Emergency Departments (ED) including more than 6000 patients (84% children) found no association with antibiotic use but higher use of influenza antivirals and less use of chest X-ray and blood tests [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuta Okada, Minami Ueda, Hiroshi Nishiura
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 27.08.2024
Tilføjet 27.08.2024
Despite the continuing threat of COVID-19, regions and countries worldwide have gradually ceased strict countermeasures, and public health efforts to mitigate the impact of the disease have gradually been brought to a level comparable to those of other existing infectious diseases such as seasonal influenza. Contrary to countries that not only downgraded COVID-19 testing policies but also transit to sentinel surveillance rather than universal reporting in the earlier phase of the pandemic [1,2], Japan has successfully controlled the epidemic size of COVID-19 [3], where universal reporting of diagnosed cases, hospitalized severe patients, and deceased individuals was carried out under the Infection Control Law up to May 8, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaeyong Kwon Bianca L. Artiaga Chester D. McDowell Kristin M. Whitworth Kevin D. Wells Randall S. Prather Gustavo Delhon Mark Cigan Stephen N. White Jamie Retallick Natasha N. Gaudreault Igor Morozov Juergen A. Richt a Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USAb Division of Animal Science & National Swine Resource and Research Center, College of Agriculture Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USAc School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USAd Genus plc, DeForest, WI, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 25.08.2024
Tilføjet 25.08.2024
Lin Xu Meiqing Song Xianzhi Tian Ju Sun Yanjun Wang Mengyu Bie Yuhai Bi Edward C. Holmes Yi Guan Jianjun Chen Juan Li Weifeng Shi a School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, People’s Republic of Chinac CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-warning (CASCIRE), CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases (CEEID), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australiaf Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinag Shanghai Institute of Virology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinah State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 25.08.2024
Tilføjet 25.08.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.08.2024
Tilføjet 25.08.2024
Abstract Background Viral respiratory illnesses are the most common acute illnesses experienced and generally follow a predicted pattern over time. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic interrupted that pattern.Methods The HIVE (Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation) study was established in 2010 to follow a cohort of Southeast Michigan households over time. Initially focused on influenza, surveillance was expanded to include other major respiratory pathogens, and, starting in 2015, the population was followed year-round. Symptoms of acute illness were reported, and respiratory specimens were collected and tested to identify viral infections. Based on the known population being followed, virus-specific incidence was calculated.Results From 2015 to 2022, 1755 participants were followed in HIVE for 7785 person-years with 7833 illnesses documented. Before the pandemic, rhinovirus (RV) and common cold human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were the viruses most frequently identified, and incidence decreased with increasing age. Type A influenza was next but with comparable incidence by age. Parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses were less frequent overall, followed by human metapneumoviruses. Incidence was highest in young children, but infections were frequently documented in all age groups. Seasonality followed patterns established decades ago. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic disrupted these patterns, except for RV and, to a lesser extent, HCoVs. In the first two years of the pandemic, RV incidence far exceeded that of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion Longitudinal cohort studies are important in comparing the incidence, seasonality, and characteristics of different respiratory viral infections. Studies documented the differential effect of the pandemic on the incidence of respiratory viruses in addition to SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHélène Bricout, Marie-Cécile Levant, Nada Assi, Pascal Crépey, Alexandre Descamps, Karine Mari, Jacques Gaillat, Gaétan Gavazzi, Benjamin Grenier, Odile Launay, Anne Mosnier, Fanny Raguideau, Laurence Watier, Rebecca C. Harris, Ayman Chit
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
High-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (HD-QIV) was introduced during the 2021/22 influenza season in France for adults aged ≥65 years as an alternative to standard-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccines (SD-QIV). The aim of this study is to estimate the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of HD-QIV versus SD-QIV against influenza-related hospitalisations in France.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
Abstract Background Patients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) using immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of infections, including vaccine-preventable infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with IMIDs on systemic immunosuppressive therapy are vaccinated according to current guidelines. Methods A survey was sent out, between August 2022 and March 2023, to all patients with IMIDs that visited the departments of dermatology, rheumatology and gastroenterology at an academic and regional hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Patient-reported vaccination status was compared to the Dutch guidelines on vaccinations in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Results A total of 1,905/5,987 patients responded to the survey (response rate 32%). After exclusion of patients without systemic immunosuppressive medication, the study population comprised 1,390 patients, median age 56 years (IQR 42–66) and 41% male. Most patients (92%) had been vaccinated according to the Dutch National Immunization Program. Before starting immunosuppressive therapy, 2% of the patients who were still considered at risk according to the Dutch guideline were vaccinated for measles, and 4% for diphtheria/tetanus/polio (DT-IPV). Additionally, 62% of patients received an annual influenza vaccine, 16% received a five-yearly pneumococcal vaccine, and 91% were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusion Patients with IMIDs on immunosuppressive therapy are not vaccinated in accordance with the guidelines. Implementation strategies to improve the vaccination rates for patients with IMIDs should specifically focus on vaccinating against measles and diphtheria/tetanus/polio, and periodic vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
Abstract Background An unmet need exists for effective antivirals to treat patients hospitalized with influenza. The results of 2 Phase 3 studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of pimodivir in combination with investigator-chosen standard-of-care (SoC) treatment are presented.Methods Hospitalized patients (hospital study; NCT03376321) and high-risk outpatients (outpatient study; NCT03381196) with laboratory-confirmed influenza A infection were randomized 1:1 to 600 mg pimodivir twice daily (BID) + SoC, or placebo BID + SoC for 5 days. For most patients SoC included oseltamivir. Primary endpoints were Hospital Recovery Scale (HRS) at Day 6 (hospital study) and median time to resolution (TTR) of influenza-related symptoms (outpatient study).Results Pimodivir + SoC (oseltamivir) treatment showed no clinical benefit over placebo + SoC on HRS at Day 6 (common odds ratio, 0.943 [95% CI, 0.609–1.462], P = .397; hospital study). A shorter median TTR of 7 symptoms was estimated with pimodivir + SoC versus placebo (92.6 hours [95% CI, 77.6–104.2] versus 105.1 hours [95% CI, 92.7–128.6], P = .0216; outpatient study).Conclusion Pimodivir + SoC showed no additional clinical benefit versus SoC treatment alone in hospitalized patients. Pimodivir + SoC demonstrated shorter TTR of influenza symptoms versus placebo + SoC in high-risk outpatients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYa Gao, Gordon Guyatt, Timothy M Uyeki, Ming Liu, Yamin Chen, Yunli Zhao, Yanjiao Shen, Jianguo Xu, Qingyong Zheng, Zhifan Li, Wanyu Zhao, Shuyue Luo, Xiaoyan Chen, Jinhui Tian, Qiukui Hao
Lancet, 23.08.2024
Tilføjet 23.08.2024
In hospitalised patients with severe influenza, oseltamivir and peramivir might reduce duration of hospitalisation compared with standard care or placebo, although the certainty of evidence is low. The effects of all antivirals on mortality and other important patient outcomes are very uncertain due to scarce data from randomised controlled trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYunli Zhao, Ya Gao, Gordon Guyatt, Timothy M Uyeki, Ping Liu, Ming Liu, Yanjiao Shen, Xiaoyan Chen, Shuyue Luo, Xingsheng Li, Rongzhong Huang, Qiukui Hao
Lancet, 23.08.2024
Tilføjet 23.08.2024
Post-exposure prophylaxis with zanamivir, oseltamivir, laninamivir, or baloxavir probably decreases the risk of symptomatic seasonal influenza in individuals at high risk for severe disease after exposure to seasonal influenza viruses. Post-exposure prophylaxis with zanamivir, oseltamivir, laninamivir, or baloxavir might reduce the risk of symptomatic zoonotic influenza after exposure to novel influenza A viruses associated with severe disease in infected humans.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 23.08.2024
Tilføjet 23.08.2024
Abstract Background Patients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMIDs) using immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of infections, including vaccine-preventable infections. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether patients with IMIDs on systemic immunosuppressive therapy are vaccinated according to current guidelines. Methods A survey was sent out, between August 2022 and March 2023, to all patients with IMIDs that visited the departments of dermatology, rheumatology and gastroenterology at an academic and regional hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Patient-reported vaccination status was compared to the Dutch guidelines on vaccinations in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases. Results A total of 1,905/5,987 patients responded to the survey (response rate 32%). After exclusion of patients without systemic immunosuppressive medication, the study population comprised 1,390 patients, median age 56 years (IQR 42–66) and 41% male. Most patients (92%) had been vaccinated according to the Dutch National Immunization Program. Before starting immunosuppressive therapy, 2% of the patients who were still considered at risk according to the Dutch guideline were vaccinated for measles, and 4% for diphtheria/tetanus/polio (DT-IPV). Additionally, 62% of patients received an annual influenza vaccine, 16% received a five-yearly pneumococcal vaccine, and 91% were fully vaccinated against COVID-19. Conclusion Patients with IMIDs on immunosuppressive therapy are not vaccinated in accordance with the guidelines. Implementation strategies to improve the vaccination rates for patients with IMIDs should specifically focus on vaccinating against measles and diphtheria/tetanus/polio, and periodic vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAntonio E. Pontiroli, Ivan Zanoni, Elisabetta Tanzi, Elena Tagliabue, Lucia La Sala
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.08.2024
Tilføjet 22.08.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21.08.2024
Tilføjet 21.08.2024
Abstract Background Influenza causes substantial morbidity, particularly among older individuals. Updated data on the effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines in this population are needed.Methods At Kaiser Permanente Southern California, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate comparative vaccine effectiveness (cVE) of high-dose (HD), adjuvanted, and standard-dose (SD) cell-based influenza vaccines, relative to the SD egg-based vaccine. We included adults aged ≥65 years who received an influenza vaccine between 1 August 2022 and 31 December 2022, with follow-up up to 20 May 2023. Primary outcomes were: (1) influenza-related medical encounters and (2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed influenza-related hospitalization. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for confounders using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). cVE (%) was calculated as (1—aHR) × 100 when aHR ≤1, and ([1/aHR]—1) × 100 when aHR >1.Results Our study population (n = 495 119) was 54.9% female, 46.3% non-Hispanic White, with a median age of 73 years (interquartile range [IQR] 69–79). Characteristics of all groups were well balanced after IPTW. Adjusted cVEs against influenza-related medical encounters in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based vaccine groups were 9.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: .9, 16.7), 16.9% (95% CI: 1.7, 29.8), and −6.3 (95% CI: −18.3, 6.9), respectively. Adjusted cVEs against PCR-confirmed hospitalization in the HD, adjuvanted, and SD cell-based groups were 25.1% (95% CI: .2, 43.8), 61.6% (95% CI: 18.1, 82.0), and 26.4% (95% CI: −18.3, 55.7), respectively.Conclusions Compared to the SD egg-based vaccine, HD and adjuvanted vaccines conferred additional protection against influenza-related outcomes in the 2022–2023 season in adults ≥65 years. Our results provide real-world evidence of the comparative effectiveness of currently licensed vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 20.08.2024
Tilføjet 20.08.2024
Publication date: Available online 19 August 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Yiquan Wang, Huibin Lv, Qi Wen Teo, Ruipeng Lei, Akshita B. Gopal, Wenhao O. Ouyang, Yuen-Hei Yeung, Timothy J.C. Tan, Danbi Choi, Ivana R. Shen, Xin Chen, Claire S. Graham, Nicholas C. Wu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDe-Jian Liu Xiu-Qin Zhong Yan-Xia Ru Shi-Long Zhao Cui-Cui Liu Yi-Bo Tang Xuan Wu Yi-Shuai Zhang Hui-Hui Zhang Jia-Yue She Mu-Yang Wan Yao-Wang Li He-Ping Zheng Lei Deng a Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinac Bioinformatics Center, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, People’s Republic of Chinad Beijing Weimiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 19.08.2024
Tilføjet 19.08.2024
Fatemeh Alizadeh, Hamideh Aghajani, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Yeganeh Talebkhan, Ehsan Arefian, Sepideh Samavat, Rouhollah Raufi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.08.2024
Tilføjet 16.08.2024
by Fatemeh Alizadeh, Hamideh Aghajani, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Yeganeh Talebkhan, Ehsan Arefian, Sepideh Samavat, Rouhollah Raufi The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is a powerful tool in pharmaceutical biotechnology to infect insect cells and produce the recombinant proteins of interest. It has been well documented that optimizing the culture condition and its supplementation through designed experiments is critical for maximum protein production. In this study, besides physicochemical parameters including incubation temperature, cell count of infection, multiplicity of infection, and feeding percentage, potential supplementary factors such as cholesterol, polyamine, galactose, pluronic-F68, glucose, L-glutamine, and ZnSO4 were screened for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell culture and expression of hemagglutinin (HA) protein of Influenza virus via Placket-Burman design and then optimized through Box-Behnken approach. The optimized conditions were then applied for scale-up culture and the expressed r-HA protein was characterized. Optimization of selected parameters via the Box-Behnken approach indicated that feed percentage, cell count, and multiplicity of infection are the main parameters affecting r-HA expression level and potency compared to the previously established culture condition. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of designing experiments to select and optimize important parameters that potentially affect Sf9 cell culture, r-HA expression, and its potency in the BEVS system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.08.2024
Tilføjet 16.08.2024
Abstract Background Describing the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases across different regions is crucial for effective disease surveillance. The multivariate time series (MTS) model has been widely adopted for constructing cross-regional infectious disease transmission networks due to its strengths in interpretability and predictive performance. Nevertheless, the assumption of constant parameters frequently disregards the dynamic shifts in disease transmission rates, thereby compromising the accuracy of early warnings. This study investigated the applicability of time-varying MTS models in multi-regional infectious disease monitoring and explored strategies for model selection. Methods This study focused on two prominent time-varying MTS models: the time-varying parameter-stochastic volatility-vector autoregression (TVP-SV-VAR) model and the time-varying VAR model using the generalized additive framework (tvvarGAM), and intended to explore and verify their applicable conditions for the surveillance of infectious diseases. For the first time, this study proposed the time delay coefficient and spatial sparsity indicators for model selection. These indicators quantify the temporal lags and spatial distribution of infectious disease data, respectively. Simulation study adopted from real-world infectious disease surveillance was carried out to compare model performances under various scenarios of spatio-temporal variation as well as random volatility. Meanwhile, we illustrated how the modelling process could help the surveillance of infectious diseases with an application to the influenza-like case in Sichuan Province, China. Results When the spatio-temporal variation was small (time delay coefficient: 0.1–0.2, spatial sparsity:0.1–0.3), the TVP-SV-VAR model was superior with smaller fitting residuals and standard errors of parameter estimation than those of the tvvarGAM model. In contrast, the tvvarGAM model was preferable when the spatio-temporal variation increased (time delay coefficient: 0.2–0.3, spatial sparsity: 0.6–0.9). Conclusion This study emphasized the importance of considering spatio-temporal variations when selecting appropriate models for infectious disease surveillance. By incorporating our novel indicators—the time delay coefficient and spatial sparsity—into the model selection process, the study could enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of infectious disease monitoring efforts. This approach was not only valuable in the context of this study, but also has broader implications for improving time-varying MTS analyses in various applications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.08.2024
Tilføjet 15.08.2024
Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. However, studies on the prevalence of respiratory viruses among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming, China, are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 4956 children with acute respiratory infections at Yunnan Provincial First People’s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022, patients with COVID-19 were excluded from the study. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect respiratory pathogens. Results The frequency of respiratory pathogens among children was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2021 and 2022. The following pathogens had the highest prevalence rates (in descending order) from 2020 to 2022: HRV > RSV > PIV > ADV > MP; HRV > RSV > HADV > PIV > MP and HRV > Mp > HADV > H3N2 > HMPV. The overall frequency of respiratory pathogens exhibited an inverted U-shape with increasing age among the children. Human bocavirus, human parainfluenza virus, and human respiratory syncytial virus were the dominant respiratory viruses in children aged ≤ 3 years, whereas Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the dominant respiratory pathogen in children aged > 3 years. HRV has the highest prevalence and is the main pathogen of mixed infection. The prevalence of the influenza A virus has decreased significantly, whereas HRSV and Mp are found to be seasonal. Conclusions Our findings offer an objective evaluation of transmission dynamics and epidemiological shifts in respiratory pathogens during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Kunming, serving as a basis for informed decision-making, prevention, and treatment strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXueyun Li Tingting Jia Kele Wang Liangliang Wang Lijuan Zhou Mao Li Wenfei Zhu Yuelong Shu Yongkun Chen a School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinad National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.08.2024
Tilføjet 15.08.2024
Yajuan Jiang, Huixin Dou, Xiaoyu Wang, Tongyun Song, Yongjian Jia, Ying Yue, Libo Li, Feifei He, Lingming Kong, Zengding Wu, Xiankun Huang, Yumin Liang, Boyan Jiao, Baihai Jiao
Journal of Medical Virology, 14.08.2024
Tilføjet 14.08.2024
Nicole C. RockeyValerie Le SageMeredith ShephardNahara Vargas-MaldonadoMichelle N. VuCambria A. BrownKrishna PatelAndrea J. FrenchGrace A. MerrbachSydney WalterLucas M. FerreriKatie E. HolmesDavid VanInsbergheHerek L. ClackAaron J. PrussinAnice C. LowenLinsey C. MarrSeema S. LakdawalaaDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322cDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109dDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 14.08.2024
Tilføjet 14.08.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 33, August 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLei Cao Ziwei She Ya Zhao Chuxing Cheng Yaqin Li Ting Xu Haiying Mao Yumei Zhang Xianfeng Hui Xian Lin Ting Wang Xiaomei Sun Kun Huang Lianzhong Zhao Meilin Jin a State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Animal Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinac The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinad College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinae Wuhan Keqian Biological Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinaf Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 13.08.2024
Tilføjet 13.08.2024
Infectious Disease Modelling, 11.08.2024
Tilføjet 11.08.2024
Publication date: Available online 10 August 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Xiaowei Chen, Fangfang Tao, Yinzi Chen, Jian Cheng, Ying Zhou, Xiling Wang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.08.2024
Tilføjet 9.08.2024
Abstract Background Assessment of artificial intelligence (AI)-based models across languages is crucial to ensure equitable access and accuracy of information in multilingual contexts. This study aimed to compare AI model efficiency in English and Arabic for infectious disease queries. Methods The study employed the METRICS checklist for the design and reporting of AI-based studies in healthcare. The AI models tested included ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bing, and Bard. The queries comprised 15 questions on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, COVID-19, and influenza. The AI-generated content was assessed by two bilingual experts using the validated CLEAR tool. Results In comparing AI models’ performance in English and Arabic for infectious disease queries, variability was noted. English queries showed consistently superior performance, with Bard leading, followed by Bing, ChatGPT-4, and ChatGPT-3.5 (P = .012). The same trend was observed in Arabic, albeit without statistical significance (P = .082). Stratified analysis revealed higher scores for English in most CLEAR components, notably in completeness, accuracy, appropriateness, and relevance, especially with ChatGPT-3.5 and Bard. Across the five infectious disease topics, English outperformed Arabic, except for flu queries in Bing and Bard. The four AI models’ performance in English was rated as “excellent”, significantly outperforming their “above-average” Arabic counterparts (P = .002). Conclusions Disparity in AI model performance was noticed between English and Arabic in response to infectious disease queries. This language variation can negatively impact the quality of health content delivered by AI models among native speakers of Arabic. This issue is recommended to be addressed by AI developers, with the ultimate goal of enhancing health outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJennifer MorseMid-Michigan District Health Department, Stanton, MI jmorse@mmdhd.org, Joseph CoyleMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, Lisa Mikesell, and Becky StoddardMid-Michigan District Health Department, Stanton, MI, Seth Eckel, Meghan Weinberg, Jeremy Kuo, Diana Riner, Katie Margulieux, Jalen Stricklen, and Matthew DoverMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI, Krista L. Kniss, Yunho Jang, Marie K. Kirby, Julia C. Frederick, Kristine A. Lacek, C. Todd Davis, and Timothy M. UyekiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, Sarah Lyon-Callo, and Natasha BagdasarianMichigan Department of Health and Human Services, Lansing, MI
New England Journal of Medicine, 9.08.2024
Tilføjet 9.08.2024
Daichi MurakamiMasamitsu KonoHideki SakataniTakuro IyoMasayoshi HijiyaTatsuya ShigaTetsuya KinoshitaTakayoshi SumiokaYuka OkadaShizuya SaikaYusuke KoizumiMuneki Hotomi1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan2Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan3Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan4Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Prevention, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, JapanNancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 8.08.2024
Tilføjet 8.08.2024
Alexander Domnich, Giancarlo Icardi, Donatella Panatto, Marianna Scarpaleggia, Carlo-Simone Trombetta, Matilde Ogliastro, Federica Stefanelli, Bianca Bruzzone, Andrea Orsi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.08.2024
Tilføjet 8.08.2024
In order to support policymakers in allocating resources, we aimed to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) available for Italian adults in the 2023/2024 season.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
In June, the US Food and Drug Administration tested 297 retail dairy samples and found none contained the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus, also known as bird flu. But a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that small amounts of the infectious virus still remained in some samples of raw milk that were heated at 72 °C (about 162 °F) for 15 seconds, which is a common way to pasteurize milk in the US.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHsuan Liu, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Jason Westerbeck, David Jacobs, Katherine Fenstermacher, Chia-Yu Chao, Yu-Nong Gong, Harrison Powell, Zexu Ma, Thomas Mehoke, Amanda W Ernlund, Amanda Dziedzic, Siddhant Vyas, Jared Evans, Lauren M Sauer, Chin-Chieh Wu, Shu-Hui Chen, Richard E Rothman, Peter Thielen, Kuan-Fu Chen, Andrew Pekosz
Lancet Microbe, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
Our findings suggest that the increased severity of the 2017–18 influenza season was due in part to two intrasubtypes, cocirculating H3N2 reassortant viruses with fitness advantages over the parental viruses. This information could help inform future vaccine development and public health policies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaverio Caini, Adam Meijer, Marta C Nunes, Laetitia Henaff, Malaika Zounon, Bronke Boudewijns, Marco Del Riccio, John Paget
Lancet Microbe, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
Early after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the detection of influenza B/Yamagata cases decreased globally. Given the potential public health implications of this decline, in this Review, we systematically analysed data on influenza B/Yamagata virus circulation (for 2020–23) from multiple complementary sources of information. We identified relevant articles published in PubMed and Embase, and data from the FluNet, Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data, and GenBank databases, webpages of respiratory virus surveillance systems from countries worldwide, and the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 5.08.2024
Tilføjet 5.08.2024
Abstract Background We evaluated co-administration of adjuvanted seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-aQIV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in ≥65-year-olds.Methods This phase 3, open-label trial randomized ≥65-year-olds to receive FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA concomitantly (Co-Ad) or sequentially, 1 month apart (Control). Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA co-administration versus sequential administration in terms of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers for each FLU-aQIV strain and RSV-A and RSV-B neutralization titers, 1 month post-vaccination. Reactogenicity and safety were also assessed.Results Overall, 1045 participants were vaccinated (Co-Ad: 523; Control: 522). Non-inferiority of FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA co-administration versus sequential administration was demonstrated in terms of HI titers for the A/Victoria(H1N1), B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata influenza strains and RSV-A neutralization titers (upper limits [ULs] of 95% confidence intervals [CIs] for adjusted geometric mean titer [GMT] ratios [Control/Co-Ad] ≤1.50) but not for A/Darwin(H3N2) HI titers (95% CI UL = 1.53). The immune response to A/Darwin(H3N2) was further assessed post-hoc using a microneutralization assay; the post-vaccination adjusted GMT ratio (Control/Co-Ad) was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.06–1.42, ie, UL ≤1.50), suggesting an adequate immune response to A/Darwin(H3N2) following co-administration. RSV-B neutralization titers were comparable between groups (95% CI UL for adjusted GMT ratio ≤1.50). Solicited adverse events were mostly mild or moderate and transient; unsolicited and serious adverse event rates were balanced between groups.Conclusions Adjuvanted FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA had acceptable reactogenicity/safety profiles when co-administered in ≥65-year-olds, without clinically relevant interference with the immune responses to either vaccine.Clinical Trials Registration NCT05568797
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMiguel Ángel González-Block, Emilio Gutiérrez-Calderón, Blanca Estela Pelcastre-Villafuerte, Juan Arroyo-Laguna, Yamila Comes, Pedro Crocco, Andréa Fachel-Leal, Laura Noboa, Daniela Riva-Knauth, Berenice Rodríguez-Zea, Mónica Ruoti, Elsa Sarti, Esteban Puentes-Rosas
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.08.2024
Tilføjet 2.08.2024
by Miguel Ángel González-Block, Emilio Gutiérrez-Calderón, Blanca Estela Pelcastre-Villafuerte, Juan Arroyo-Laguna, Yamila Comes, Pedro Crocco, Andréa Fachel-Leal, Laura Noboa, Daniela Riva-Knauth, Berenice Rodríguez-Zea, Mónica Ruoti, Elsa Sarti, Esteban Puentes-Rosas
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 31.07.2024
Tilføjet 31.07.2024
Abstract Introduction Haemophilus influenzae (HI) is an exceedingly rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Case Presentation/Methods We present a case of a 90-year-old female diagnosed with HI-IE involving the native tricuspid valve in the absence of traditional risk factors for right-sided endocarditis. She was treated with a 5-week course of IV Ampicillin from negative cultures and suffered no complications. We also conducted a thorough literature review through PubMed and Google Scholar, which yielded a mere 15 reported cases of HI-IE. Results Fourteen of the reported HI-IE cases included epidemiological data, showing no gender predominance. The mean age of the subjects was 39.5, with the mitral valve being the most implicated (64%) and tricuspid valve involvement being rare (21%). Conclusion Native tricuspid valve IE is an uncommon entity, especially in the absence of IV drug use. Haemophilus influenzae is an extremely rare cause of IE, with a literature review showing merely 15 reported cases. This article cites the 16th case of HI-IE published in the literature.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShanley N. RoachFrances K. ShepherdClayton K. MickelsonJessica K. FiegeBeth K. ThielenLauren M. ProssAutumn E. SandersJason S. MitchellMason RobertsonBrian T. FifeRyan A. LangloisaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455bDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455cCenter for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455dDepartment of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 31.07.2024
Tilføjet 31.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 31, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKarl O. Mäki, Linda C. Karlsson, Johanna K. Kaakinen, Philipp Schmid, Stephan Lewandowsky, Jan Antfolk, Anna Soveri
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 31.07.2024
Tilføjet 31.07.2024
by Karl O. Mäki, Linda C. Karlsson, Johanna K. Kaakinen, Philipp Schmid, Stephan Lewandowsky, Jan Antfolk, Anna Soveri Health communicators are faced with the challenge that people can hesitate vaccines for different reasons. Our aim was to identify and describe the qualities of distinct COVID-19 and influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups to facilitate the development of tailored vaccine-hesitancy communication. In two studies, we used agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to identify COVID-19 (N = 554) and influenza (N = 539) vaccine-hesitancy subgroups in the general population based on nine vaccine hesitancy-related variables (intent to get vaccinated, perceived vaccine safety, perceived vaccine efficacy, perceived disease threat, perceived vaccination responsibility, perceived vaccination convenience, distrust in authorities, conspiracy mentality, and reliance on anecdotal testimonies). We identified and described six distinct COVID-19 vaccine-hesitancy subgroups (the Vaccination Positive, the Ambivalent, the Fearing Skeptic, the Unconvinced, the Constrained Skeptic, and the Vaccination Opponent), and three influenza vaccine-hesitancy subgroups (the Vaccination Positive, the Complacent, and the Vaccination Opponent), with different levels of hesitancy. We discuss the implications of the results for health communicators. Our results shed light on the (dis)similarities between people who hesitate COVID-19 and influenza vaccines and suggest that there is greater variety in hesitancy concerning COVID-19 vaccinations than influenza vaccinations. These findings can be used to design and test tailored vaccination messages.
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