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Priya Venkatesan
Lancet Microbe, 8.11.2024
Tilføjet 8.11.2024
13 human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) have been confirmed in the USA so far in 2024, as of July 26. All were mild illnesses occurring in farm workers exposed to infected dairy cattle or poultry. Although the current risk to the general public is low, increased vigilance and pandemic preparedness efforts have been encouraged by public health authorities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhiyuan Chen, Joseph L.-H. Tsui, Bernardo Gutierrez, Simon Busch Moreno, Louis du Plessis, Xiaowei Deng, Jun Cai, Sumali Bajaj, Marc A. Suchard, Oliver G. Pybus, Philippe Lemey, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Hongjie Yu
Science, 8.11.2024
Tilføjet 8.11.2024
Zhiyuan Chen, Joseph L.-H. Tsui, Bernardo Gutierrez, Simon Busch Moreno, Louis du Plessis, Xiaowei Deng, Jun Cai, Sumali Bajaj, Marc A. Suchard, Oliver G. Pybus, Philippe Lemey, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Hongjie Yu
Science, 8.11.2024
Tilføjet 8.11.2024
Jonathan Runstadler
Science, 8.11.2024
Tilføjet 8.11.2024
Hayeon Kim, Hyeon S. Son
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 7.11.2024
Tilføjet 7.11.2024
Fuyin Bi, Weitao He, Ning Kang, Hang Huang, Huafeng Chen, Zhenli Liang, Yu Ju, Jun Zeng, Jing Wang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2024
Tilføjet 7.11.2024
The avian influenza virus (AIV) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, causing a substantialdisease burden, triggering substantial social panic and economic losses. In 2022, more than 25 million demostic and wild poultry were infected with the highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) H5 virus worldwide, ultimately resulting in an estimated 5.28 million deaths [1]. Since the first human infection with HPAIV H5N6 was detected in Sichuan Province, China, in April 2014, 90 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection and 35 deaths have been reported in the Western Pacific Region [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 6.11.2024
Tilføjet 6.11.2024
This Medical News article discusses a recent study of H5N1 avian influenza transmission in dairy cows.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.11.2024
Tilføjet 6.11.2024
Abstract Purpose GATA2 deficiency is an autosomal dominant disease that manifests with a range of clinical symptoms, including increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Furthermore, the increased susceptibility to infections in GATA2 deficiency can trigger hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in these patients. Our systematic review evaluates reported cases of GATA2 deficiency and HLH in the literature. Methods A systematic review of case reports was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, encompassing studies retrieved from Ovid MEDLINE ALL, Embase via Ovid SP, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from inception until June 14, 2024. This review included studies reporting patients diagnosed with GATA2 deficiency or having a documented history of the condition, who subsequently developed or were concurrently diagnosed with HLH. Various study types were considered, such as case reports, case series, letters to editors, original articles, correspondences, and commentaries, without any restrictions on language. Results In our systematic review, 15 studies from 2016 to 2024 were analyzed, encompassing 23 patients with GATA2 deficiency and HLH. the mean (SD) age of patients was 23.48 (10.54) years, ranging from 7 to 57 years. These patients exhibited diverse genetic mutations and a spectrum of infections, particularly Mycobacterium avium (M. avium), Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and influenza A, often leading to HLH. Family histories of GATA2-deficient patients with HLH occasionally reveal confirmed GATA2 mutations or suspicious cases among first-degree relatives. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed in 8 patients with GATA2 deficiency and HLH. Among them, 6 patients survived post-therapy, while 2 patients died following HSCT. Currently, 1 patient is being considered for HSCT. The overall mortality rate among GATA2 deficiency patients who experienced HLH was 39.13%. Conclusions This systematic review highlights GATA2 deficiency’s association with diverse infections triggering HLH, emphasizing early infection management to mitigate mortality risks. This comprehensive analysis contributes to scientific knowledge, offering important insights for clinicians and researchers in diagnosing and managing this rare condition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJessica Y. Wong, Wey Wen Lim, Justin K. Cheung, Caitriona Murphy, Eunice Y.C. Shiu, Jingyi Xiao, Dongxuan Chen, Yanmin Xie, Mingwei Li, Hualei Xin, Michelle Szeto, Sammi Choi, Benjamin J. Cowling
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 5.11.2024
Tilføjet 5.11.2024
The threat posed by the next influenza A pandemic has not diminished in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to adapt influenza pandemic plans in light of experiences from the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the delays in the production of specific vaccines and limited stockpiles of influenza antivirals in many locations, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) – also referred to as public health and social measures – may continue to provide the first line of defense in the next influenza pandemic, just as they did at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 5.11.2024
Tilføjet 5.11.2024
Abstract Obesity is a risk factor for increased lung damage and disease severity during influenza virus infection. White adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation is a key driver of disease pathogenesis in obesity. Whether and how obesity modifies lung and WAT immune cell character and function in obesity to amplify influenza disease severity remains unknown. We show that obesity establishes a proinflammatory transcriptome in lung immune cells that is further augmented upon influenza virus infection. Unexpectedly, we also show that influenza virus infection induces expression of inflammatory genes in visceral WAT and modifies WAT immune cell milieu in obesity. Notably, a decrease in WAT macrophage (ATM) populations inversely correlates to increase in infiltrating lung macrophage numbers in obese influenza virus-infected mice. Comparison of both lung and WAT immune cell transcriptional landscapes uncovers a presence of a macrophage subset in the lungs whose transcriptomic signatures matched those of an inflammatory ATM subset preferentially found in obese mice. Adoptive transfer of ATMs from obese mice into lean influenza-virus infected mice promotes host immune cell infiltration to the lungs. Together, our novel findings provide evidence of immune cell transcriptome and character changes in the lungs and WAT of influenza virus infected obese, but not lean, mice and suggest that visceral ATMs may contribute to the overall inflammatory milieu in this setting.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuliane Lang Dajana Helke Maryna Kuryshko Elsayed M. Abdelwhab Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Emerg Microbes Infect, 4.11.2024
Tilføjet 4.11.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.11.2024
Tilføjet 3.11.2024
Ellermann, C., Savaskan, N., Rebitschek, F. G.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2024
Tilføjet 2.11.2024
IntroductionEvidence summaries on the benefits and harms of treatment options support informed decisions under controlled conditions. However, few studies have investigated how such formats support decision-making across different social groups. There is a risk that only disadvantaged people will be able to make informed health decisions—possibly increasing the health equity gap. It is also unclear whether they support decision-making in the field at all. The aim of our study is to assess whether evidence summaries based on the fact box format can help people from different social groups make informed decisions about COVID-19 and influenza vaccinations, and thus reduce inequity in health communication. Methods and analysisIn a multi-centre, cluster-randomised, controlled trial, health educators from usual care and outreach work in Germany will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to provide either usual health communication plus an evidence summary (‘fact box’) or usual health communication. Health educators provide a flyer about COVID-19 or influenza vaccination which contains a link to an online study either with (intervention) or without (control) fact box on the reverse side. Flyer and online study will be available in Arabic, German, Turkish and Russian language. The primary outcome is informed vaccination intention, based on vaccination knowledge, attitudes, intentions and behaviour. Secondary outcomes include risk perception, decisional conflict and shared decision-making. We will use linear mixed models to analyse the influence of both individual (eg, education status) and cluster level factors and account for the expected cluster variability in realising usual health communication or the intervention. The statistical analysis plan includes the selection of appropriate measures of effect size and power calculation, assuming a sample size of 800 patients. Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Potsdam, Germany (application numbers: 34/2021 and 57/2022). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and to relevant stakeholders. Protocol versionVersion 6 (4 October 2024); Preprint available on Research Square: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3401234/v3 Trial registration number NCT06076421.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2024
Tilføjet 2.11.2024
Xingdong Song Jingman Tian Minghui Li Xiaoli Bai Zhiguo Zhao Jianzhong Shi Xianying Zeng Guobin Tian Yuntao Guan Hongliang Chai Yanbing Li Hualan Chen a State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.10.2024
Tilføjet 30.10.2024
Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae is prevalent within the airways of persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). H. influenzae is often associated with pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in pediatric cohorts, but in adults, studies have yielded conflicting reports around the impact(s) on clinical outcomes such as lung function decline. Accordingly, we sought to discern the prevalence, natural history, and clinical impact of H. influenzae in adult pwCF. Methods This single-centre retrospective cohort study reviewed all adult pwCF with H. influenzae sputum cultures between 2002 and 2016. From this cohort, persistently infected subjects (defined as: ≥2 samples with the same pulsotype and > 50% sputum culture-positive for H. influenzae in each year) were matched (1:2) to controls without H. influenzae. Demographic and clinical status (baseline health or during periods of PEx) were obtained at each visit that H. influenzae was cultured. Yearly biobank isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess relatedness. Results Over the study period, 30% (n = 70/240) of pwCF were culture positive for H. influenzae, of which 38 (54%) were culture-positive on multiple occasions and 12 (17%) had persistent infection. One hundred and thirty-seven isolates underwent PFGE, with 94 unique pulsotypes identified. Two (1.5%) were serotype f with the rest non-typeable (98.5%). H. influenzae isolation was associated with an increased risk of PEx (RR = 1.61 [1.14–2.27], p = 0.006), however, this association was lost when we excluded those who irregularly produced sputum (i.e. only during a PEx). Annual lung function decline did not differ across cohorts. Conclusions Isolation of H. influenzae was common amongst adult pwCF but often transient. H. influenzae infection was not associated with acute PEx or chronic lung function decline.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYassmin Moatasim, Basma Emad Aboulhoda, Mokhtar Gomaa, Ahmed El Taweel, Omnia Kutkat, Mina Nabil Kamel, Mohamed El Sayes, Mohamed GabAllah, Amany Elkhrsawy, Hend AbdAllah, Ahmed Kandeil, Mohamed Ahmed Ali, Ghazi Kayali, Rabeh El-Shesheny
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.10.2024
Tilføjet 29.10.2024
by Yassmin Moatasim, Basma Emad Aboulhoda, Mokhtar Gomaa, Ahmed El Taweel, Omnia Kutkat, Mina Nabil Kamel, Mohamed El Sayes, Mohamed GabAllah, Amany Elkhrsawy, Hend AbdAllah, Ahmed Kandeil, Mohamed Ahmed Ali, Ghazi Kayali, Rabeh El-Shesheny Since its first isolation from migratory birds in Egypt in 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 has caused several outbreaks among domestic poultry in various areas of the country affecting poultry health and production systems. However, the genetic and biological properties of the H5N8 HPAI viruses have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to monitor the evolution of circulating H5N8 viruses and identify the pathogenicity and mammalian adaptation in vitro and in vivo. Three H5N8 HPAI viruses were used in this study and were isolated in 2021–2022 from poultry and wild birds during our routine surveillance. RNA extracts were subjected to full genome sequencing. Genetic, phylogenetic, and antigenic analyses were performed to assess viral characteristics and similarities to previously isolated viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the hemagglutinin genes of the three isolates belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and grouped with the 2019 viruses from G3 with high similarity to Russian and European lineages. Multiple basic amino acids were observed at cleavage sites in the hemagglutinin proteins of the H5N8 isolates, indicating high pathogenicity. In addition, several mutations associated with increased virulence and polymerase activity in mammals were observed. Growth kinetics assays showed that the H5N8 isolate is capable of replicating efficiently in mammalian cells lines. In vivo studies were conducted in SPF chickens (White Leghorn), mice, and hamsters to compare the virological characteristics of the 2022 H5N8 isolates with previous H5N8 viruses isolated in 2016 from the first introduction. The H5N8 viruses caused lethal infection in all tested chickens and transmitted by direct contact. However, we showed that the 2016 H5N8 virus causes a higher mortality in chickens compared to 2022 H5N8 virus. Moreover, the 2022 virus can replicate efficiently in hamsters and mice without preadaptation causing systemic infection. These findings underscore the need for continued surveillance of H5 viruses to identify circulating strains, determine the commercial vaccine’s effectiveness, and identify zoonotic potential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.10.2024
Tilføjet 29.10.2024
Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae is prevalent within the airways of persons with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). H. influenzae is often associated with pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in pediatric cohorts, but in adults, studies have yielded conflicting reports around the impact(s) on clinical outcomes such as lung function decline. Accordingly, we sought to discern the prevalence, natural history, and clinical impact of H. influenzae in adult pwCF. Methods This single-centre retrospective cohort study reviewed all adult pwCF with H. influenzae sputum cultures between 2002 and 2016. From this cohort, persistently infected subjects (defined as: ≥2 samples with the same pulsotype and > 50% sputum culture-positive for H. influenzae in each year) were matched (1:2) to controls without H. influenzae. Demographic and clinical status (baseline health or during periods of PEx) were obtained at each visit that H. influenzae was cultured. Yearly biobank isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess relatedness. Results Over the study period, 30% (n = 70/240) of pwCF were culture positive for H. influenzae, of which 38 (54%) were culture-positive on multiple occasions and 12 (17%) had persistent infection. One hundred and thirty-seven isolates underwent PFGE, with 94 unique pulsotypes identified. Two (1.5%) were serotype f with the rest non-typeable (98.5%). H. influenzae isolation was associated with an increased risk of PEx (RR = 1.61 [1.14–2.27], p = 0.006), however, this association was lost when we excluded those who irregularly produced sputum (i.e. only during a PEx). Annual lung function decline did not differ across cohorts. Conclusions Isolation of H. influenzae was common amongst adult pwCF but often transient. H. influenzae infection was not associated with acute PEx or chronic lung function decline.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHongyu Wang, Gang Wang, Yan Gao, Lihong Qu, Hong Wang, Min Deng, Hainv Gao, Yilin Li, Nan Yang, Baogui Wang, Rongge Liu, Xuzhu Ma, Zhen Tao, Guoqiang Zhang, Qian Wang, Weifeng Zhao, Yunsong Yu, Lin Chen, Lianchun Liang, Shengyu Wang, Lei Shao, Tao Yang, JingLei Cao, Yuan Cao, Xiaoli Qin, Jingwen Ai, Huadong Zhu, Wenhong Zhang
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.10.2024
Tilføjet 26.10.2024
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ZX-7101A: an inhibitor of influenza viral cap-dependent endonuclease, in adults with uncomplicated influenza and explore treatment-emergent resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.10.2024
Tilføjet 26.10.2024
Abstract Background This study aimed to analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of school influenza outbreaks in Jiangsu Province, China from 2020 to 2023,following the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on influenza-like illness(ILI) outbreaks from the Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information System and national-level influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals were analyzed. The temporal distribution, school type, virus strains, and outbreak scales were examined using descriptive statistics. Results From 2020 to 2023, 1142 influenza outbreaks occurred in schools, with primary schools(ages 6 to 12) accounting for 71.80%. Most large outbreaks were caused by A(H1N1) and A(H3N2), responsible for 8.99% of total outbreaks. Outbreaks were predominantly reported in the pre-peak periods of B(Victoria) and A(H1N1) circulation, accounting for 86.31% and 92.32% of their respective total outbreaks. No concurrent influenza and COVID-19 outbreaks were observed during the study period. Conclusion Primary and secondary schools are high-risk settings for influenza outbreaks. A(H3N2) shows higher adaptability and is more likely to co-circulate with other subtypes/lineages, especially A(H1N1), leading to larger outbreaks. B(Victoria)-caused outbreaks are more frequent but smaller in scale. School influenza outbreaks are more likely to occur during the early stages of seasonal peaks, particularly for B(Victoria) and A(H1N1). This suggests that influenza outbreaks in schools may play a crucial role in seeding and accelerating the spread of the virus within the broader community.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.10.2024
Tilføjet 26.10.2024
Abstract Background Previous estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against asymptomatic influenza virus infection based on seroconversion have varied widely and may be biased. We estimated 2022–2023 influenza VE against illness and asymptomatic infection in a prospective cohort.Methods In the HEROES-RECOVER cohort, adults at increased occupational risk of influenza exposure across 7 US sites provided weekly symptom reports and nasal swabs for reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) influenza testing. Laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infections were classified as symptomatic (≥1 symptom) or asymptomatic during the week of testing. Participants reported demographic information and vaccination through surveys; most sites verified vaccination through medical record and immunization registry review. Person-time was calculated as days from the site-specific influenza season start (September–October 2022) through date of infection, study withdrawal, or season end (May 2023). We compared influenza incidence among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants overall, by symptom status, and by influenza A subtype, using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for site and occupation. We estimated VE as (1 − adjusted hazard ratio) × 100%.Results In total, 269 of 3785 (7.1%) participants had laboratory-confirmed influenza, including 263 (98%) influenza A virus infections and 201 (75%) symptomatic illnesses. Incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza illness among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants was 23.7 and 33.2 episodes per 100 000 person-days, respectively (VE: 38%; 95% CI: 15%–55%). Incidence of asymptomatic influenza virus infection was 8.0 versus 11.6 per 100 000 (VE: 13%; 95% CI: −47%, 49%).Conclusions Vaccination reduced incidence of symptomatic but not asymptomatic influenza virus infection, suggesting that influenza vaccination attenuates progression from infection to illness.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMamadou Malado Jallow, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Ndiendé Koba Ndiaye, Cheikh Talibouya Touré, Cheikh Talla, Davy Kiori, Samba Niang Sagne, Sara Sy, Deborah Goudiaby, Mbayame Ndiaye Niang, Moussa Moise Diagne, Gamou Fall, Cheikh Loucoubar, Ndongo Dia
Journal of Medical Virology, 24.10.2024
Tilføjet 24.10.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24.10.2024
Tilføjet 24.10.2024
Research - Antiviral Susceptibility of Swine-Origin Influenza A Viruses Isolated from Humans, United States
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.10.2024
Tilføjet 24.10.2024
Abstract Background Evidence is limited about the comparative safety of antibiotic regimens for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We compared the risk of adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with antibiotic regimens for CAP treatment among otherwise healthy, non-elderly adults.Methods We conducted an active comparator new-user cohort study (2007-2019) of commercially-insured adults 18–64 years diagnosed with outpatient CAP, evaluated via chest x-ray, and dispensed a same-day CAP-related oral antibiotic regimen. ADE follow-up duration ranged from 2–90 days (e.g., renal failure [14 days]). We estimated risk differences [RD] per 100 treatment episodes and risk ratios using propensity score weighted Kaplan-Meier functions. Ankle/knee sprain and influenza vaccination were considered as negative control outcomes.Results Of 145,137 otherwise healthy CAP patients without comorbidities, 52% received narrow-spectrum regimens (44% macrolide, 8% doxycycline) and 48% received broad-spectrum regimens (39% fluoroquinolone, 7% β-lactam, 3% β-lactam + macrolide). Compared to macrolide monotherapy, each broad-spectrum antibiotic regimen was associated with increased risk of several ADEs (e.g., β-lactam: nausea/vomiting/abdominal pain [RD per 100, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.10–0.57]; non-Clostridioides difficile diarrhea [RD per 100, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25–0.68]; vulvovaginal candidiasis/vaginitis [RD per 100, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.09–0.69]). Narrow-spectrum antibiotic regimens largely conferred similar risk of ADEs. We generally observed similar risks of each negative control outcome, indicating minimal confounding.Conclusions Broad-spectrum antibiotics were associated with increased risk of ADEs among otherwise healthy adults treated for CAP in the outpatient setting. Antimicrobial stewardship is needed to promote judicious use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and ultimately decrease antibiotic-related ADEs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 23.10.2024
Tilføjet 23.10.2024
In early September, the first human case of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5), or H5 bird flu, “without a known occupational exposure to sick or infected animals,” occurred in Missouri, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced. The patient, who had underlying medical conditions, was hospitalized, treated with antiviral medication, and discharged. There were no reports of transmission among the patient’s close contacts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrandon J. Webb, Mark A. Fisher, Nick Tinker
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.10.2024
Tilføjet 23.10.2024
“HACEK” is a clinical mnemonic referring to a group of five genera of fastidious gram-negative bacteria that share a propensity to cause infective endocarditis (IE). These organisms, Haemophilus (parainfluenzae, haemolyticus, parahaemolyticus), Aggregatibacter (actinomycetemcomitans, aphrophilus, segnis), Cardiobacterium (hominis, valvarum), Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella (dentrificans, kingae), comprise up to 3% of IE.(1) Although not a taxonomic categorization, the HACEK organisms share common clinical and microbiological characteristics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.10.2024
Tilføjet 23.10.2024
Abstract Background This study aimed to analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of school influenza outbreaks in Jiangsu Province, China from 2020 to 2023,following the COVID-19 pandemic, to inform prevention and control strategies. Methods Data on influenza-like illness(ILI) outbreaks from the Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information System and national-level influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals were analyzed. The temporal distribution, school type, virus strains, and outbreak scales were examined using descriptive statistics. Results From 2020 to 2023, 1142 influenza outbreaks occurred in schools, with primary schools(ages 6 to 12) accounting for 71.80%. Most large outbreaks were caused by A(H1N1) and A(H3N2), responsible for 8.99% of total outbreaks. Outbreaks were predominantly reported in the pre-peak periods of B(Victoria) and A(H1N1) circulation, accounting for 86.31% and 92.32% of their respective total outbreaks. No concurrent influenza and COVID-19 outbreaks were observed during the study period. Conclusion Primary and secondary schools are high-risk settings for influenza outbreaks. A(H3N2) shows higher adaptability and is more likely to co-circulate with other subtypes/lineages, especially A(H1N1), leading to larger outbreaks. B(Victoria)-caused outbreaks are more frequent but smaller in scale. School influenza outbreaks are more likely to occur during the early stages of seasonal peaks, particularly for B(Victoria) and A(H1N1). This suggests that influenza outbreaks in schools may play a crucial role in seeding and accelerating the spread of the virus within the broader community.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.10.2024
Tilføjet 22.10.2024
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), and Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) are leading causes of childhood bacterial meningitis and preventable by vaccines. The aim of this hospital-based sentinel surveillance is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pneumococcal meningitis, including disease burden, and to provide baseline data on pneumococcal serotype distribution to support decision making for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in Vietnam. Methods Surveillance for probable bacterial meningitis in children 1–59 months of age is conducted in three tertiary level pediatric hospitals: one in Hanoi and two in Ho Chi Minh City. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected via lumbar puncture from children with suspected meningitis. Specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory department of the respective hospital for cytology, biochemistry, and microbiology testing, including culture. PCR testing was conducted on CSF specimens for bacterial detection (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis) and pneumococcal serotyping. Results During 2015–2018, a total of 1,803 children with probable bacterial meningitis were detected; 1,780 had CSF specimens available for testing. Of 245 laboratory-confirmed positive cases, the majority were caused by S. pneumoniae (229,93.5%). Of those with S. pneumoniae detected, over 70% were caused by serotypes included in currently available PCV products; serotypes 6 A/6B (27.1%), 14 (19.7%), and 23 F (16.2%) were the most common serotypes. Children with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis were more likely to live in Hanoi (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.10.2024
Tilføjet 19.10.2024
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), and Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis) are leading causes of childhood bacterial meningitis and preventable by vaccines. The aim of this hospital-based sentinel surveillance is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of pneumococcal meningitis, including disease burden, and to provide baseline data on pneumococcal serotype distribution to support decision making for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction in Vietnam. Methods Surveillance for probable bacterial meningitis in children 1–59 months of age is conducted in three tertiary level pediatric hospitals: one in Hanoi and two in Ho Chi Minh City. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected via lumbar puncture from children with suspected meningitis. Specimens were transferred immediately to the laboratory department of the respective hospital for cytology, biochemistry, and microbiology testing, including culture. PCR testing was conducted on CSF specimens for bacterial detection (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and N. meningitidis) and pneumococcal serotyping. Results During 2015–2018, a total of 1,803 children with probable bacterial meningitis were detected; 1,780 had CSF specimens available for testing. Of 245 laboratory-confirmed positive cases, the majority were caused by S. pneumoniae (229,93.5%). Of those with S. pneumoniae detected, over 70% were caused by serotypes included in currently available PCV products; serotypes 6 A/6B (27.1%), 14 (19.7%), and 23 F (16.2%) were the most common serotypes. Children with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal meningitis were more likely to live in Hanoi (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWanitchaya Kittikraisak, Yeny Tinoco, Min Z. Levine, Joshua A. Mott, Wiboon Kanjanapattanakul, Cesar Munayco, Boonsong Rawangban, Danielle Rentz Hunt, Sarita Mohanty, Meredith Wesley, Giselle Soto, Richard Florian, Oswaldo Gonzales, Santiago Cabrera, Edwin Llajaruna, Suvanna Asavapiriyanont, Damon W. Ellison, Parker Malek, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Fatimah S. Dawood
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prioritizing pregnant persons for influenza vaccination and influenza vaccines have been shown to effectively reduce the risk of influenza illness among both pregnant people and their infants during the first few months of life.[1] However, use of influenza vaccines among pregnant persons remains low globally, in part because of insufficient information about the local burden of influenza. A WHO systematic review from 2017 highlighted the continued paucity of data about influenza disease burden among pregnant persons in low- and middle-income countries.[2,3]
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImai, T., Hashimoto, H., Kanda, N., Sasabuchi, Y., Matsui, H., Yasunaga, H., Hatakeyama, S.
BMJ Open, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
ObjectivesLaboratory experiments have indicated that calcium channel blockers (CCBs) inhibit the entry and replication of influenza A virus in cells. However, no clinical studies have assessed the incidence of influenza among patients receiving CCBs. This study aimed to investigate the association between CCB use and the incidence of influenza among patients with hypertension using administrative claims data in Japan. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingAdministrative health insurance claims database of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Participants360 515 patients with hypertension (10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases code I10) who were prescribed CCBs and 171 142 patients who were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) between 2012 and 2016. Primary outcomeWe compared the incidence of influenza between the CCB and ACEI/ARB groups using high-dimensional propensity-score (HD-PS) matching. ResultsA total of 166 814 HD-PS matched pairs were obtained. Before HD-PS matching, the CCB group had a significantly lower influenza incidence than the ACEI/ARB group in the overall analysis (2.4% vs 2.5%, p=0.007; risk ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups after HD-PS matching (2.4% vs 2.5%, p=0.067; risk ratio 0.96, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.00); only in 2012 did the CCB group have a significantly lower likelihood of influenza than the ACEI/ARB group. ConclusionsNo significant difference was observed in the influenza incidence between the CCB and ACEI/ARB groups. A direct comparative study between background-matched patients with and without CCBs is warranted to confirm the effect of CCBs on reducing the incidence of influenza.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaoran Yu, Huan Wang, Sheng Ma, Wanning Chen, Lin Sun, Zhiyong Zou
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide, causing approximately 2.60 million deaths annually.[1] Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and influenza virus are three major pathogens associated with LRIs, imposing a substantial disease and economic burden. Especially in the winter of 2023, several bacteria and viruses led to an unusually high burden of LRIs according to the recent World Health Organization (WHO) reports.[2, 3] The implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected the transmission of seasonal respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSusanne KesslerPhilipp StegenShijun ZhanMartin SchwemmlePeter ReutherTony SchountzKevin CiminskiaInstitute of Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, GermanybFaculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, GermanycDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 12.10.2024
Tilføjet 12.10.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 42, October 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAshley L. Fowlkes, Alon Peretz, David Greenberg, Avital Hirsch, Emily T. Martin, Min Z. Levine, Laura Edwards, Sarah Radke, Adam S. Lauring, Jill M. Ferdinands, Chao Zhang, Young M. Yoo, Jacob Dryer, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Alicia M. Fry, Arnold S. Monto, Ran Balicer, Mark G. Thompson, Mark A. Katz
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11.10.2024
Tilføjet 11.10.2024
Annual vaccination with influenza vaccines is either recommended or mandated for healthcare personnel (HCP) in most countries because of their high occupational exposure to viruses and the risk of secondary transmission to patients [1,2]. Influenza vaccines have been shown to reduce the risk of infection among HCP [3]; however, previous studies have found that while frequent influenza vaccination maintains protective antibody titers, frequent vaccination has also been associated with a reduction in serologic response and vaccine effectiveness (VE) [4-6].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 10.10.2024
Tilføjet 10.10.2024
Publication date: Available online 9 October 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Songsong Xie, Yinxia Su, Yanji Zhao, Yaling Du, Zihao Guo, Xiu Gu, Jie Sun, Mohammad Javanbakht, Daihai He, Jiazhen Zhang, Yan Zhang, Kai Wang, Shi Zhao
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 10.10.2024
Tilføjet 10.10.2024
Publication date: Available online 8 October 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Mathilde Massard, Bruno Saussereau, Catherine Chirouze, Quentin Lepiller, Raluca Eftimie, Antoine Perasso
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.10.2024
Tilføjet 10.10.2024
Abstract Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and infections of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza viruses in hospitalized elderly patients with respiratory tract infections in Suzhou City, China, and to compare the differences in clinical characteristics and economic burden associated with these two infections. Methods In this prospective study, pathogenetic testing and clinical data for hospitalized patients aged 60 years and older with respiratory tract infections were collected in five hospitals through stratified cluster sampling from December 2023 to May 2024. Comparative study on epidemic characteristics, clinical features and costs of cases who infected RSV alone and influenza alone were conducted. Results Among 1,894 cases included, the RSV positivity rate was 5.91% during the 2023–2024 winter-spring season, while the influenza positivity rate was 9.61%. RSV-B was the predominant subtype of RSV, and influenza A (primarily H3N2) was the dominant strain among the influenza-positive cases. Compared with cases infected influenza virus alone, those infected RSV alone had lower occurrence frequency of fever (18.8% vs. 35.7%, P = 0.004), higher occurrence frequency of complications of lower respiratory tract infections (70.8% vs. 54.8%, P = 0.011), higher direct medical costs ($996.2 vs. $841.1, P = 0.017) and total costs ($1019.7 vs. $888.1, P = 0.036). RSV single infection is more common in female cases (P = 0.007) and diabetic cases (P = 0.007) than influenza virus single infection. Conclusions During the winter and spring months, RSV is the second most common pathogen after influenza virus among older adults hospitalized for respiratory infections in Suzhou, China. Patients infected RSV are more likely to develop complications with lower respiratory tract infections and have higher medical costs than the influenza. RSV infection in the elderly should be emphasized, especially in female patients and diabetic patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.10.2024
Tilføjet 10.10.2024
Abstract Background Identifying risk factors for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–associated severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) will assist with targeting vaccine interventions. Methods Using surveillance data from South Africa (2012–2018), we compared the characteristics of individuals with RSV-associated influenza-like illness (ILI) (reference group) to those with RSV-associated SARI to describe factors associated with SARI using a multivariable analysis. Results RSV was detected in 6% (483/7792) of ILI cases and 15% (844/5672) of SARI cases. Factors associated with SARI in children included age
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 10.10.2024
Tilføjet 10.10.2024
Abstract Background Post-viral symptoms have long been known in the medical community but have received more public attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many post-viral symptoms were reported as particularly frequent after SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the specificity, frequency and persistence of these symptoms in comparison to other viral infectious diseases such as influenza. Methods We investigated a large population-based cohort based on German routine healthcare data. We matched 573,791 individuals with a PCR-test confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from the year 2020 to contemporary controls without SARS-CoV-2 infection and controls from the last influenza outbreak in 2018 and followed them up to 18 months. Results We found that post-viral symptoms as defined for COVID-19 by the WHO as well as tissue damage were more frequent among the COVID-19 cohort than the influenza or contemporary control cohort. The persistence of post-viral symptoms was similar between COVID-19 and influenza. Conclusion Post-viral symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection constitute a substantial disease burden as they are frequent and often persist for many months. As COVID-19 is becoming endemic, the disease must not be trivialized. Research should focus on the development of effective treatments for post-viral symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImrul ShahriarMohini KamraAnanda Kumar KanduluruCharity Lynn CampbellThanh Hiep NguyenMadduri SrinivasaraoPhilip S. LowaJames Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907bEradivir Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906cDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.10.2024
Tilføjet 10.10.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 41, October 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhikun Zeng, Lanxin Jia, Jiahao Zheng, Xuanxuan Nian, Zhegang Zhang, Liangjun Chen, Xiaoqi Chen, Yirong Li, Jiayou Zhang
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.10.2024
Tilføjet 9.10.2024
Journal of the American Medical Association, 9.10.2024
Tilføjet 9.10.2024
A phase 3 clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of a messenger RNA (mRNA) combination vaccine for COVID-19 and influenza had mixed results, the vaccine’s manufacturers announced. The vaccine was a collaboration between BioNTech and Pfizer and was tested among more than 8000 healthy adults aged 18 to 64 years.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.10.2024
Tilføjet 6.10.2024
Abstract Background Influenza is the most common vaccine-preventable infection among travelers, affecting approximately one percent of those travelling to subtropical and tropical destinations. Methods We analysed demographic, travel-related and clinical information from travelers diagnosed with influenza at our travel clinic between January 2015 and March 2020 and influenza-negative controls. Results We included 68 travelers diagnosed with influenza and 207 controls. In total, 22.1% of influenza patients (n = 15) were older than 60 years and/or had comorbidities for which annual influenza vaccination is recommended, but only one had received an influenza vaccine. Patients with respiratory and musculoskeletal symptoms who presented during the German influenza season had the highest risk proportion of positive tests (54%, n = 25/46). Overall, three (4.4%) influenza patients were hospitalised, two (2.9%) received antiviral treatment, and eight (11.8%) received antibiotic therapy. Conclusions Influenza occurs throughout the year in international travelers and can cause significant morbidity. Travelers with febrile illness should be tested for influenza, especially if they have respiratory or musculoskeletal symptoms, present during the local influenza season, or have travelled to South-East Asia. Influenza vaccination coverage among international travelers needs to be improved among high-risk individuals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVyctoria Malayhka de Abreu Góes Pereira, Juliana Schons Gularte, Meriane Demoliner, Mariana Soares da Silva, Viviane Girardi, Micheli Filippi, Julia Frohlich, Pietra Fink, Alana Witt Hansen, Helena Lage Ferreira, Babak Afrough, Angelika Kritz‐Wilson, Fernando Rosado Spilki
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.10.2024
Tilføjet 4.10.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.10.2024
Tilføjet 4.10.2024
Abstract Background Haemophilus influenzae causes life-threatening invasive diseases such as septicaemia and meningitis. Reports on circulating H. influenzae causing invasive disease in lower-middle income settings, including Indonesia, are lacking. This study describes the serotype distributions and whole-genome sequence (WGS) data of H. influenzae isolated from hospitalized patients at Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Methods H. influenzae isolates were isolated from blood and pleural fluid specimens and identified using culture-based and molecular methods, followed by serotyping and WGS using RT‒PCR and Illumina MiSeq, respectively. Sequencing reads were assembled, and further analyses were undertaken to determine the genomic content and reconstruct the phylogeny. A second dataset consisting of publicly available H. influenzae genomes was curated to conduct phylogenetic analyses of isolates in this study in the context of globally circulating isolates. Results Ten H. influenzae isolates from hospitalized patients were collected, and septicaemia was the most common diagnosis (n=8). RT‒PCR and WGS were performed to determine whether all the isolates were nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi). There were four newly identified STs distributed across the two main clusters. A total of 91 out of 126 virulence factor (VF)-related genes in Haemophilus sp. were detected in at least one isolate. Further evaluation incorporating a global collection of H. influenzae genomes confirmed the diverse population structure of NTHi in this study. Conclusion This study showed that all H. influenzae recovered from invasive disease patients were nonvaccine-preventable NTHi isolates. The inclusion of WGS revealed four novel STs and the possession of key VF-associated genes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.10.2024
Tilføjet 4.10.2024
Abstract Purpose This research aimed to explore hesitation towards the COVID-19 booster vaccine among dialysis patients and study the association between COVID-19 pandemic-induced health behavior and vaccination hesitancy. Methods A self-administered online questionnaire evaluating dialysis patients’ hesitation to take COVID-19 booster vaccination was conducted between March 24 and 22 April 2022 in Taizhou, China. The logistic regression method was applied to identify factors associated with vaccination hesitancy, and all data were analyzed using R software. Results Of the 365 study participants, 272 (74.5%) individuals hesitated to take the booster dose. Health behavior was found to be a significant factor for hesitation to take COVID-19 vaccines, with OR (95% CI) of 1.09 (1.02–1.17). Influenza vaccination history was also significantly associated with the hesitation (OR (95% CI) = 0.39 (0.21–0.74)). In addition, participants with higher education levels exhibited lower vaccine hesitancy compared to those with junior secondary or below, with ORs (95% CIs) of 0.49 (0.27–0.91) for senior secondary and 0.35 (0.14–0.89) for junior college or above, respectively. Conclusion The proportion of hesitancy for taking the booster vaccination of the COVID-19 vaccine was high among dialysis patients. Health behaviors, influenza vaccination history, and education levels were risk factors in their vaccination hesitancy. These findings may aid efforts to help vaccinate people with underlying diseases against future pandemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.10.2024
Tilføjet 4.10.2024
Abstract Background Influenza outbreaks have occurred frequently these years, especially in the summer of 2022 when the number of influenza cases in southern provinces of China increased abnormally. However, the exact evidence of the driving factors involved in the prodrome period is unclear, posing great difficulties for early and accurate prediction in practical work. Methods In order to avoid the serious interference of strict prevention and control measures on the analysis of influenza influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic period, only the impact of meteorological and air quality factors on influenza A (H3N2) in Xiamen during the non coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period (2013/01/01-202/01/24) was analyzed using the distribution lag non-linear model. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza A (H3N2) during 2013–2022 was also performed. Influenza A (H3N2) was predicted through a random forest and long short-term memory (RF-LSTM) model via actual and forecasted meteorological and influenza A (H3N2) values. Results Twenty nine thousand four hundred thirty five influenza cases were reported in 2022, accounting for 58.54% of the total cases during 2013–2022. A (H3N2) dominated the 2022 summer epidemic season, accounting for 95.60%. The influenza cases in the summer of 2022 accounted for 83.72% of the year and 49.02% of all influenza reported from 2013 to 2022. Among them, the A (H3N2) cases in the summer of 2022 accounted for 83.90% of all A (H3N2) reported from 2013 to 2022. Daily precipitation(20–50 mm), relative humidity (70–78%), low (≤ 3 h) and high (≥ 7 h) sunshine duration, air temperature (≤ 21 °C) and O3 concentration (≤ 30 µg/m3, > 85 µg/m3) had significant cumulative effects on influenza A (H3N2) during the non-COVID-19 period. The daily values of PRE, RHU, SSD, and TEM in the prodrome period of the abnormal influenza A (H3N2) epidemic (19–22 weeks) in the summer of 2022 were significantly different from the average values of the same period from 2013 to 2019 (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTristan W. ClarkJohn S. TregoningHelen ListerTiziano PolettiFemy AminJonathan S. Nguyen-Van-Tam1School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom2Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom3Sanofi, Reading, United Kingdom4University of Nottingham School of Medicine, Nottingham, United KingdomGraeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 4.10.2024
Tilføjet 4.10.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 3.10.2024
Tilføjet 3.10.2024
Abstract Purpose This research aimed to explore hesitation towards the COVID-19 booster vaccine among dialysis patients and study the association between COVID-19 pandemic-induced health behavior and vaccination hesitancy. Methods A self-administered online questionnaire evaluating dialysis patients’ hesitation to take COVID-19 booster vaccination was conducted between March 24 and 22 April 2022 in Taizhou, China. The logistic regression method was applied to identify factors associated with vaccination hesitancy, and all data were analyzed using R software. Results Of the 365 study participants, 272 (74.5%) individuals hesitated to take the booster dose. Health behavior was found to be a significant factor for hesitation to take COVID-19 vaccines, with OR (95% CI) of 1.09 (1.02–1.17). Influenza vaccination history was also significantly associated with the hesitation (OR (95% CI) = 0.39 (0.21–0.74)). In addition, participants with higher education levels exhibited lower vaccine hesitancy compared to those with junior secondary or below, with ORs (95% CIs) of 0.49 (0.27–0.91) for senior secondary and 0.35 (0.14–0.89) for junior college or above, respectively. Conclusion The proportion of hesitancy for taking the booster vaccination of the COVID-19 vaccine was high among dialysis patients. Health behaviors, influenza vaccination history, and education levels were risk factors in their vaccination hesitancy. These findings may aid efforts to help vaccinate people with underlying diseases against future pandemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 3.10.2024
Tilføjet 3.10.2024
Abstract Background Influenza outbreaks have occurred frequently these years, especially in the summer of 2022 when the number of influenza cases in southern provinces of China increased abnormally. However, the exact evidence of the driving factors involved in the prodrome period is unclear, posing great difficulties for early and accurate prediction in practical work. Methods In order to avoid the serious interference of strict prevention and control measures on the analysis of influenza influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic period, only the impact of meteorological and air quality factors on influenza A (H3N2) in Xiamen during the non coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period (2013/01/01-202/01/24) was analyzed using the distribution lag non-linear model. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza A (H3N2) during 2013–2022 was also performed. Influenza A (H3N2) was predicted through a random forest and long short-term memory (RF-LSTM) model via actual and forecasted meteorological and influenza A (H3N2) values. Results Twenty nine thousand four hundred thirty five influenza cases were reported in 2022, accounting for 58.54% of the total cases during 2013–2022. A (H3N2) dominated the 2022 summer epidemic season, accounting for 95.60%. The influenza cases in the summer of 2022 accounted for 83.72% of the year and 49.02% of all influenza reported from 2013 to 2022. Among them, the A (H3N2) cases in the summer of 2022 accounted for 83.90% of all A (H3N2) reported from 2013 to 2022. Daily precipitation(20–50 mm), relative humidity (70–78%), low (≤ 3 h) and high (≥ 7 h) sunshine duration, air temperature (≤ 21 °C) and O3 concentration (≤ 30 µg/m3, > 85 µg/m3) had significant cumulative effects on influenza A (H3N2) during the non-COVID-19 period. The daily values of PRE, RHU, SSD, and TEM in the prodrome period of the abnormal influenza A (H3N2) epidemic (19–22 weeks) in the summer of 2022 were significantly different from the average values of the same period from 2013 to 2019 (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed