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Hinh Ly Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Nat Rev Microbiol, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
Beatriz Mengual‐Chuliá, Rafael Tamayo‐Trujillo, Ainara Mira‐Iglesias, Laura Cano, Sandra García‐Esteban, Maria Loreto Ferrús, Joan Puig‐Barberà, Javier Díez‐Domingo, F. Xavier López‐Labrador, the VAHNSI network, Mario Carballido‐Fernández, Juan Mollar‐Maseres, Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés, Germán Schwarz‐Chávarri, Vicente Gil‐Guillén, Ramón Limón‐Ramírez, Empar Carbonell‐Franco, Ángel Belenguer‐Varea, Concepción Carratalá‐Munuera, José Vicente Tuells‐Hernández
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Abstract Background Studies have reported that repeated annual vaccination may influence influenza vaccination effectiveness in the current season.Methods We established a 5-year randomized placebo-controlled trial of repeated influenza vaccination (Flublok, Sanofi Pasteur) in adults 18-45 years of age. In the first two years, participants received vaccination (V) or saline placebo (P) as follows: P-P, P-V, or V-V. Serum samples were collected each year just before vaccination and after 30 and 182 days. A subset of sera collected at 5 timepoints from 95 participants were tested for antibodies against vaccine strains.Results From 23 October 2020 through 11 March 2021 we enrolled and randomized 447 adults. Among vaccinated individuals, antibody titers increased between days 0 and 30 against each of the vaccine strains, with smaller increases for repeat vaccinees who on average had higher pre-vaccination titers in year 2. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of participants achieving >=four-fold rises in antibody titer for the repeat vaccinees for influenza A(H1N1), B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, but not for A(H3N2). Among participants who received vaccination in year 2, there were no statistically significant differences between the P-V and V-V groups in geometric mean titers at day 30 or the proportions of participants with antibody titers ≥40 at day 30 for any of the vaccine strains.Conclusions In the first two years, during which influenza did not circulate, repeat vaccinees and first-time vaccinees had similar post-vaccination geometric mean titers to all four vaccine strains, indicative of similar levels of clinical protection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiao Hu Anugrah Saxena Drew R. Magstadt Phillip C. Gauger Eric R. Burrough Jianqiang Zhang Chris Siepker Marta Mainenti Patrick J. Gorden Paul J. Plummer Ganwu Li Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 24.07.2024
Tilføjet 24.07.2024
Immunity, 23.07.2024
Tilføjet 23.07.2024
Publication date: Available online 22 July 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Stephanie van de Wall, Scott M. Anthony, Lisa S. Hancox, Lecia L. Pewe, Ryan A. Langlois, Dietmar Zehn, Vladimir P. Badovinac, John T. Harty
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGiuseppe Di Pietra, Sarah Di Sopra, Valeria Conciatori, Enrico Lavezzo, Elisa Franchin, Maria Grazia Petris, Alessandra Biffi, Ignazio Castagliuolo, Cristiano Salata, Claudia Del Vecchio
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.07.2024
Tilføjet 21.07.2024
Influenza is a highly contagious airborne disease caused by Influenza type A and type B viruses [1]. Influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases and occurs in seasonal epidemics [2] causing an acute febrile illness with variable degrees of systemic symptoms, ranging from mild fatigue to respiratory failure and death [3]. Although it is a preventable disease, Influenza is one of the main public health concerns worldwide, and during the last decade, awareness towards influenza virus diagnosis and monitoring increased [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 20.07.2024
Tilføjet 20.07.2024
Publication date: Available online 18 July 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Shilian Xu, Jiaru Yang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaryna Kuryshko Maria Landmann Christine Luttermann Reiner Ulrich Elsayed M. Abdelwhab a Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germanyb Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germanyc Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Virulence, 18.07.2024
Tilføjet 18.07.2024
Jing Tang Shu-Mei Zou Jian-Fang Zhou Rong-Bao Gao Li Xin Xiao-Xu Zeng Wei-Juan Huang Xi-Yan Li Yan-Hui Cheng Li-Qi Liu Ning Xiao Da-Yan Wang National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 18.07.2024
Tilføjet 18.07.2024
Surender Khurana, Lisa R. King, Jody Manischewitz, Olivia Posadas, Ashish K. Mishra, Dongxiao Liu, John H. Beigel, Rino Rappuoli, John S. Tsang, Hana Golding
Nature, 17.07.2024
Tilføjet 17.07.2024
The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.07.2024
Tilføjet 17.07.2024
Jiho Lee, Chang-Won Lee, David L. Suarez, Scott A. Lee, Taejoong Kim, Erica Spackman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.07.2024
Tilføjet 17.07.2024
by Jiho Lee, Chang-Won Lee, David L. Suarez, Scott A. Lee, Taejoong Kim, Erica Spackman The outbreak of clade 2.3.4.4b H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in North America that started in 2021 has increased interest in applying vaccination as a strategy to help control and prevent the disease in poultry. Two commercially available vaccines based on the recombinant herpes virus of turkeys (rHVT) vector were tested against a recent North American clade 2.3.4.4b H5 HPAI virus isolate: A/turkey/Indiana/22-003707-003/2022 H5N1 in specific pathogen free white leghorn (WL) chickens and commercial broiler chickens. One rHVT-H5 vaccine encodes a hemagglutinin (HA) gene designed by the computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen method (COBRA-HVT vaccine). The other encodes an HA gene of a clade 2.2 virus (2.2-HVT vaccine). There was 100% survival of both chicken types COBRA-HVT vaccinated groups and in the 2.2-HVT vaccinated groups there was 94.8% and 90% survival of the WL and broilers respectively. Compared to the 2.2-HVT vaccinated groups, WL in the COBRA-HVT vaccinated group shed significantly lower mean viral titers by the cloacal route and broilers shed significantly lower titers by the oropharyngeal route than broilers. Virus titers detected in oral and cloacal swabs were otherwise similar among both vaccine groups and chicken types. To assess antibody-based tests to identify birds that have been infected after vaccination (DIVA-VI), sera collected after the challenge were tested with enzyme-linked lectin assay-neuraminidase inhibition (ELLA-NI) for N1 neuraminidase antibody detection and by commercial ELISA for detection of antibodies to the NP protein. As early as 7 days post challenge (DPC) 100% of the chickens were positive by ELLA-NI. ELISA was less sensitive with a maximum of 75% positive at 10DPC in broilers vaccinated with 2.2-HVT. Both vaccines provided protection from challenge to both types of chickens and ELLA-NI was sensitive at identifying antibodies to the challenge virus therefore should be evaluated further for DIVA-VI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYongru Xu, Fang Sun, Zhifang Bai, Chengrong Bian, Xiliang Wang, Zhongpeng Zhao, Penghui Yang
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.07.2024
Tilføjet 16.07.2024
Xiaofeng Zhu, Yi Zhang, Haoru Ying, Huanning Chi, Guanqun Sun, Lingxia Zeng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.07.2024
Tilføjet 16.07.2024
by Xiaofeng Zhu, Yi Zhang, Haoru Ying, Huanning Chi, Guanqun Sun, Lingxia Zeng The COVID-19 pandemic and influenza outbreaks have underscored the critical need for predictive models that can effectively integrate spatial and temporal dynamics to enable accurate epidemic forecasting. Traditional time-series analysis approaches have fallen short in capturing the intricate interplay between these factors. Recent advancements have witnessed the incorporation of graph neural networks and machine learning techniques to bridge this gap, enhancing predictive accuracy and providing novel insights into disease spread mechanisms. Notable endeavors include leveraging human mobility data, employing transfer learning, and integrating advanced models such as Transformers and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) to improve forecasting performance across diverse geographies for both influenza and COVID-19. However, these models often face challenges related to data quality, model transferability, and potential overfitting, highlighting the necessity for more adaptable and robust approaches. This paper introduces the Graph Attention-based Spatial Temporal (GAST) model, which employs graph attention networks (GATs) to overcome these limitations by providing a nuanced understanding of epidemic dynamics through a sophisticated spatio-temporal analysis framework. Our contributions include the development and validation of the GAST model, demonstrating its superior forecasting capabilities for influenza and COVID-19 spread, with a particular focus on short-term, daily predictions. The model’s application to both influenza and COVID-19 datasets showcases its versatility and potential to inform public health interventions across a range of infectious diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChi-Wei ChenCheng-Hsun Ho1Graduate Degree Program of Smart Healthcare & Bioinformatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan2Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanManuela Raffatellu
Infection and Immunity, 12.07.2024
Tilføjet 12.07.2024
Banga, S., Khromava, A., Serradell, L., Chabanon, A.-L., Pan, C., Estevez, I., Schilsky, S., Kreisberg, H.
BMJ Open, 12.07.2024
Tilføjet 12.07.2024
ObjectiveTo evaluate background incidence rates of 59 health outcomes of interest (HOI) in a diverse population, including important subpopulations, during the pre-COVID-19 era (1 January 2017–31 December 2019) and the COVID-19 era (1 March 2020–31 December 2020), before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines. DesignObservational retrospective cohort study. Annual incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HOIs were estimated for each population of interest, stratified by: age, sex, age and sex and seasonality. Data sourceOptum’s de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database (CDM). ParticipantsIndividuals from the US general population and four subgroups of interest: influenza-vaccinated, paediatric (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicola LewisMartin Beer
Science, 12.07.2024
Tilføjet 12.07.2024
Joseph Eiden, Carlos Fierro, Alexander White, Matthew Davis, Margaret Rhee, Mark Turner, Bryan Murray, Renee Herber, Roger Aitchison, David Marshall, Michael J Moser, Robert Belshe, Harry Greenberg, Kathleen Coelingh, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Gabriele Neumann, Pamuk Bilsel
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 12.07.2024
Tilføjet 12.07.2024
The H3N2 M2SR vaccine coadministered with Fluzone HD in older adults was well tolerated and provided enhanced immunogenicity compared with Fluzone HD administered alone, suggesting potential for improved efficacy of influenza vaccination in this age group. Additional studies are planned to assess efficacy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOlivia M. ManleyTucker J. ShriverTian XuIsaac A. MelendrezPhilip PalaciosScott A. RobsonYisong GuoNeil L. KelleherJoshua J. ZiarekAmy C. RosenzweigaDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208bDepartment of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208cDepartment of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611dDepartment of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 28, July 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet Infectious Diseases
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10.07.2024
Tilføjet 10.07.2024
Searching for “COVID-19 lessons learned” on PubMed gives you 4840 results—a long list of opinion pieces, reviews, and consensus statements telling us what we can learn from our recent pandemic experience. At the same time, 138 dairy herds in the USA have recorded H5N1 avian influenza outbreaks and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has reported an mpox outbreak with 23 626 cases, with little signs that either outbreak will be contained soon. The lack of urgency and scale in the responses to both outbreaks is deeply frustrating and questions whether anything has been learned from the COVID-19 experience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCaiqi Zhao, Mengyao Pan, Jie Chen, Ling Li, Yan Zhang, Wenjun Liu, Michael A. Matthay, Haichao Wang, Xia Jin, Jin‐fu Xu, Xiao Su
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.07.2024
Tilføjet 9.07.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.07.2024
Tilføjet 8.07.2024
Abstract Background A single-dose investigational respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, RSV prefusion protein F3 (RSVPreF3), was co-administered with a single-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-D-QIV) in a phase 3, randomized, controlled, multicenter study in healthy, non-pregnant women aged 18–49 years.Methods The study was observer-blind to evaluate the lot-to-lot consistency of RSVPreF3, and single-blind to evaluate the immune response, safety, and reactogenicity of RSVPreF3 co-administered with FLU-D-QIV.Results A total of 1415 participants were included in the per-protocol set. There was a robust immune response at day 31 across each of the 3 RSVPreF3 vaccine lots; adjusted geometric mean concentration ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1.01 (0.91, 1.12), 0.93 (0.84, 1.03), and 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) for RSV1/RSV2, RSV1/RSV3, and RSV2/RSV3, respectively. For FLU-D-QIV co-administered with RSVPreF3, versus FLU-D-QIV alone at day 31, noninferiority was satisfied for 3 of 4 strains assessed, with the lower limit of the 95% CI for geometric mean ratio >0.67.Conclusions Immunogenic consistency was demonstrated for 3 separate lots of RSVPreF3. Immunogenic noninferiority was demonstrated when comparing FLU-D-QIV administered alone, versus co-administered with RSVPreF3, for 3 strains of FLU-D-QIV. Co-administration was well tolerated, and both vaccines had clinically acceptable safety and reactogenicity profiles.Clinical Trials Registration NCT05045144; EudraCT, 2021-000357-26
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKarl Ciuoderis Jaime Usuga Laura S. Pérez-Restrepo Manuel Gonzalez-Ramirez Leidi Carvajal Andrés Cardona Isabel Moreno Andrés Diaz Mario Peña Juan P. Hernández-Ortiz Jorge E. Osorio a GHI One Health Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombiab Pig Improvement Company, Hendersonville, NC, USAc PorkColombia Association, Bogotá, Colombiad Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Colombiae Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USAf Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 7.07.2024
Tilføjet 7.07.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 5.07.2024
Tilføjet 5.07.2024
Immunity, 5.07.2024
Tilføjet 5.07.2024
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Samuel W. Kazer, Colette Matysiak Match, Erica M. Langan, Marie-Angèle Messou, Thomas J. LaSalle, Elise O’Leary, Jessica Marbourg, Katherine Naughton, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Jose Ordovas-Montanes
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.07.2024
Tilføjet 4.07.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.07.2024
Tilføjet 4.07.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory viral illnesses among children are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The aim of this study is to understand the seasonal pattern and surge of respiratory viruses among the Nicobarese tribe. Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from both ARI and SARI cases attended the BJR district hospital in Car Nicobar Island, India, between 2021 and 2022. Respiratory viruses were identified from the specimens by using the qRT-PCR assay. Meteorological parameters were collected and evaluated using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. The significant association between the surge of respiratory viruses and each climatic parameter was evaluated. Results In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 471 ILI cases were enrolled, and 209 of these were positive for respiratory viral infections. Of these respiratory virus infections, 201 (96.2%) were infected with a single respiratory virus infection, and 8 (3.8%) had mixed viral infections. Fever, cough, and chills were the most common symptoms of respiratory illness among this indigenous population. There was a significant link between respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness in children (below 5 years and 6 to 15 years). Conclusion This prevalence study revealed that viral respiratory infections were more common in children than adults. Among these respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV) and influenza B virus were predominantly reported among tribal children up to age five years. In the year 2021, these viruses were recorded frequently during the winter season. Climate factors such as high humidity, high precipitation, moderate temperature, and moderate rainfall are found to be correlated with respiratory viral infections. This study implicates important information for preventing a further outbreak of respiratory viral infections in Car Nicobar Island.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIan McGovern, Benjamin Chastek, Tim Bancroft, Noah Webb, Mahrukh Imran, Stephen I. Pelton, Mendel D.M. Haag
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.07.2024
Tilføjet 4.07.2024
Influenza leads to a substantial annual burden due to widespread disease as well as many deaths, particularly in vulnerable populations. It is estimated that influenza results in 9–41 million illnesses, 140,000–710,000 hospitalizations, and 12,000–52,000 deaths in the United States (US) annually [1]. Individuals aged ≥65 years are at greater risk for influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths compared with other age groups, with up to 90% of deaths occurring in those aged ≥65 years [2]. Comorbidities and natural aging-related immune system decline (i.e., immunosenescence) contribute to greater risk of complications and severe illness among older adults [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas G Evans, Flora Castellino, Monika Kowalik Dobczyk, Gwen Tucker, Ana Marie Walley, Katrin Van Leuven, Jelle Klein, Kathryn Rutkowski, Chris Ellis, Elizabeth Eagling-Vose, John Treanor, Carel van Baalen, Ella Filkov, Cyril Laurent, Juilee Thacker, Jason Asher, Armen Donabedian
Lancet Microbe, 2.07.2024
Tilføjet 2.07.2024
The use of an MVA vaccine to expand CD4+ or CD8+ T cells to conserved influenza A antigens in peripheral blood did not affect nasopharyngeal viral load in an influenza H3N2 challenge model in seronegative, healthy adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPedersen, I. B., Kjolby, M., Hjelholt, A. J., Madsen, M., Christensen, A.-M. R., Adolfsen, D., Hjelle, J. S., Kremke, B., Stovring, H., Jessen, N., Vestergaard, E. T., Kristensen, K., Frobert, O.
BMJ Open, 1.07.2024
Tilføjet 1.07.2024
IntroductionChildren and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) commonly maintain a certain level of insulin production during the remission phase, which can last months to years. Preserving β-cell function can reduce T1D complications and improve glycaemic control. Influenza vaccination has pleiotropic effects and administration of the vaccine during the early phases of T1D may offer β-cell protection. This study aims to assess the effect of influenza vaccination on preserving β-cell function in children and adolescents with recent-onset T1D. Methods and analysisThe INfluenza VaccInation To mitigate typE 1 Diabetes trial is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial in paediatric patients with recent-onset T1D aged 7–17 years. 100 participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a standard inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine or a placebo within 14 days of diagnosis. The primary outcome is a difference in mean change (from baseline to 12 months) in C-peptide level between groups during a 2-hour mixed-meal tolerance test. Secondary outcomes include mean change (from baseline to 6 months) in C-peptide levels, haemoglobin A1c, ambulatory glucose profiles and insulin requirements. Exploratory outcomes are diabetes-related autoantibodies, inflammatory markers and serum haemagglutinin inhibition antibody titres against the influenza viruses. The current treatment for T1D is largely symptomatic, relying on insulin administration. There is a pressing need for novel pharmacological approaches aimed at modulating the immune system to preserve residual β-cell function. Existing immunotherapies are cost-prohibitive and associated with multiple side effects, whereas influenza vaccination is inexpensive and generally well tolerated. A positive outcome of this study holds potential for immediate implementation into standard care for children and adolescents with recent-onset T1D and may guide future research on immune modulation in T1D. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from Danish Health Authorities prior to participant enrollment. The trial results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT05585983 and EudraCT Number 2022-500906-17-01.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory viral illnesses among children are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The aim of this study is to understand the seasonal pattern and surge of respiratory viruses among the Nicobarese tribe. Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from both ARI and SARI cases attended the BJR district hospital in Car Nicobar Island, India, between 2021 and 2022. Respiratory viruses were identified from the specimens by using the qRT-PCR assay. Meteorological parameters were collected and evaluated using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. The significant association between the surge of respiratory viruses and each climatic parameter was evaluated. Results In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 471 ILI cases were enrolled, and 209 of these were positive for respiratory viral infections. Of these respiratory virus infections, 201 (96.2%) were infected with a single respiratory virus infection, and 8 (3.8%) had mixed viral infections. Fever, cough, and chills were the most common symptoms of respiratory illness among this indigenous population. There was a significant link between respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness in children (below 5 years and 6 to 15 years). Conclusion This prevalence study revealed that viral respiratory infections were more common in children than adults. Among these respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV) and influenza B virus were predominantly reported among tribal children up to age five years. In the year 2021, these viruses were recorded frequently during the winter season. Climate factors such as high humidity, high precipitation, moderate temperature, and moderate rainfall are found to be correlated with respiratory viral infections. This study implicates important information for preventing a further outbreak of respiratory viral infections in Car Nicobar Island.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Abstract Background Seasonal influenza remains a global public health concern. A messenger RNA (mRNA)-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, mRNA-1010, was investigated in a 3-part, first-in-human, phase 1/2 clinical trial.Methods In Parts 1-3 of this stratified, observer-blind study, adults aged ≥18 years old were randomly assigned to receive a single dose (6.25 µg to 200 µg) of mRNA-1010 or placebo (Part 1) or an active comparator (Afluria; Parts 2-3). Primary study objectives were assessment of safety, reactogenicity, and humoral immunogenicity of mRNA-1010, placebo (Part 1), or active comparator (Parts 2-3). Exploratory endpoints included assessment of cellular immunogenicity (Part 1) and antigenic breadth against vaccine heterologous (A/H3N2) strains (Parts 1-2).Results In all study parts, solicited adverse reactions were reported more frequently for mRNA-1010 than placebo or Afluria and most were grade 1 or 2 in severity. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or deaths were reported. In Parts 1-2, a single dose of mRNA-1010 (25 µg to 200 µg) elicited robust Day 29 hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers that persisted through 6 months. In Part 3, lower doses of mRNA-1010 (6.25 µg to 25 µg) elicited Day 29 HAI titers that were higher or comparable to Afluria for influenza A strains. Compared with Afluria, mRNA-1010 (50 µg) elicited broader A/H3N2 antibody responses (Part 2). mRNA-1010 induced greater T-cell responses than placebo at Day 8 that were sustained or stronger at Day 29 (Part 1).Conclusions Data support the continued development of mRNA-1010 as a seasonal influenza vaccine.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04956575 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04956575)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShahzad Ali, Emily R. Robie, Usama Saeed, Ghulam Jaffar, Emily S. Bailey, Lyudmyla V. Marushchak, Brianna E. Kreditor, Laura A. Pulscher, Adam M. Rubrum, Richard J. Webby, Gregory C. Gray
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Characterizing circulating influenza infections in Pakistan is critical given that poultry production makes up the second largest industry in Pakistan, with 1.5 million people either directly or indirectly engaged in this sector [1]. Multiple strains of avian influenza A virus (IAV) are considered enzootic in Pakistan since the initial identification of a highly pathogenic H7N3 avian influenza subtypes in 1994 [2], providing ample opportunity for co-infections that may lead to reassortment and more virulent strains.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmi Takashita, Masataka Ichikawa, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Hiroko Morita, Shiho Nagata, Hideka Miura, Shinji Watanabe, Hideki Hasegawa, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.06.2024
Tilføjet 28.06.2024
We previously reported that SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus did not spread at the same time in the same region until week 45, 2022 [1]. In Japan, influenza activity was low throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, with the first influenza outbreak occurring in the 2022–23 season [2]. Although our surveillance did not detect co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus, in January 2024, we identified three co-infected pediatric outpatients. Here, we report the characteristics of the patients and viruses involved in these co-infection cases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.06.2024
Tilføjet 27.06.2024
Abstract Introduction Chronic lung disease is a major cause of morbidity in African children with HIV infection; however, the microbial determinants of HIV-associated chronic lung disease (HCLD) remain poorly understood. We conducted a case–control study to investigate the prevalence and densities of respiratory microbes among pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)-naive children with (HCLD +) and without HCLD (HCLD-) established on antiretroviral treatment (ART). Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from HCLD + (defined as forced-expiratory-volume/second
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaoyan Zhang Yuying Zhang Fanhua Wei a College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Chinab School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
Virulence, 27.06.2024
Tilføjet 27.06.2024
Hinh Ly
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.06.2024
Tilføjet 26.06.2024
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25.06.2024
Tilføjet 25.06.2024
Research Letter - Fatal Infection in Ferrets after Ocular Inoculation with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 25.06.2024
Tilføjet 25.06.2024
Dispatch - Multicountry Spread of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses with Reduced Oseltamivir Inhibition, May 2023-February 2024
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.06.2024
Tilføjet 25.06.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory infections have long been recognized as a primary cause of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD). Additionally, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance has led to an urgent and critical situation in developing countries, including Vietnam. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in patients with AE-COPD using both conventional culture and multiplex real-time PCR. Additionally, associations between clinical characteristics and indicators of pneumonia in these patients were examined. Methods This cross-sectional prospective study included 92 AE-COPD patients with pneumonia and 46 without pneumonia. Sputum specimens were cultured and examined for bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for each isolate. Multiplex real-time PCR was also performed to detect ten bacteria and seven viruses. Results The detection rates of pathogens in AE-COPD patients with pneumonia were 92.39%, compared to 86.96% in those without pneumonia. A total of 26 pathogenic species were identified, showing no significant difference in distribution between the two groups. The predominant bacteria included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Streptococcus mitis. There was a slight difference in antibiotic resistance between bacteria isolated from two groups. The frequency of H. influenzae was notably greater in AE-COPD patients who experienced respiratory failure (21.92%) than in those who did not (9.23%). S. pneumoniae was more common in patients with stage I (44.44%) or IV (36.36%) COPD than in patients with stage II (17.39%) or III (9.72%) disease. ROC curve analysis revealed that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels could distinguish patients with AE-COPD with and without pneumonia (AUC = 0.78). Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria still play a key role in the etiology of AE-COPD patients, regardless of the presence of pneumonia. This study provides updated evidence for the epidemiology of AE-COPD pathogens and the appropriate selection of antimicrobial agents in Vietnam.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2024
Tilføjet 23.06.2024
Abstract Background Although administrative claims data have a high degree of completeness, not all medically attended Respiratory Syncytial Virus-associated lower respiratory tract infections (RSV-LRTIs) are tested or coded for their causative agent. We sought to determine the attribution of RSV to LRTI in claims data via modeling of temporal changes in LRTI rates against surveillance data. Methods We estimated the weekly incidence of LRTI (inpatient, outpatient, and total) for children 0–4 years using 2011–2019 commercial insurance claims, stratified by HHS region, matched to the corresponding weekly NREVSS RSV and influenza positivity data for each region, and modelled against RSV, influenza positivity rates, and harmonic functions of time assuming negative binomial distribution. LRTI events attributable to RSV were estimated as predicted events from the full model minus predicted events with RSV positivity rate set to 0. Results Approximately 42% of predicted RSV cases were coded in claims data. Across all regions, the percentage of LRTI attributable to RSV were 15–43%, 10–31%, and 10–31% of inpatient, outpatient, and combined settings, respectively. However, when compared to coded inpatient RSV-LRTI, 9 of 10 regions had improbable corrected inpatient LRTI estimates (predicted RSV/coded RSV ratio
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSharmin AfrozSirle SaulJin DaiSonja SurmanXueqiao LiuHong-Su ParkCyril Le NouënMatthias LingemannBibha DahalJohn Robert ColemanSteffen MuellerPeter Leon CollinsUrsula Johanna BuchholzShirin MuniraRNA Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892bCodagenix Inc., Stony Brook, NY 11790
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 20.06.2024
Tilføjet 20.06.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 25, June 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTing Zhang, Yang Han, Weijuan Huang, Hejiang Wei, Yingze Zhao, Liumei Shu, Yaxin Guo, Beiwei Ye, Jianfang Zhou, Jun Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.06.2024
Tilføjet 18.06.2024
Wentao Zhu, Li Gu
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.06.2024
Tilføjet 18.06.2024
Samuel Rhedin, Beatrice Kvist, Emma Caffrey Osvald, Gale Karte, Awad I. Smew, Pontus Nauclér, Cecilia Lundholm, Catarina Almqvist
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 17.06.2024
Tilføjet 17.06.2024
While most countries recommend amoxicillin for pediatric pneumonia, there is a long tradition of treatment with penicillin V (PcV) in Sweden, thus not empirically covering Haemophilus influenzae. There are, however, large regional differences in treatment practice. The aim was to compare clinical outcomes (treatment failure and severe complications), in children aged 1 to 59 months treated with PcV versus amoxicillin for pneumonia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.06.2024
Tilføjet 17.06.2024
Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic underscored the need for pandemic preparedness, with respiratory-transmitted viruses considered as a substantial risk. In pandemics, long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) are a high-risk setting with severe outbreaks and burden of disease. Non‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) constitute the primary defence mechanism when pharmacological interventions are not available. However, evidence on the effectiveness of NPIs implemented in LTCFs remains unclear. Methods We conducted a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of NPIs implemented in LTCFs to protect residents and staff from viral respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential. We searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and two COVID-19 registries in 09/2022. Screening and data extraction was conducted independently by two experienced researchers. We included randomized controlled trials and non-randomized observational studies of intervention effects. Quality appraisal was conducted using ROBINS-I and RoB2. Primary outcomes encompassed number of outbreaks, infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. We synthesized findings narratively, focusing on the direction of effect. Certainty of evidence (CoE) was assessed using GRADE. Results We analysed 13 observational studies and three (cluster) randomized controlled trials. All studies were conducted in high-income countries, all but three focused on SARS-CoV-2 with the rest focusing on influenza or upper-respiratory tract infections. The evidence indicates that a combination of different measures and hand hygiene interventions can be effective in protecting residents and staff from infection-related outcomes (moderate CoE). Self-confinement of staff with residents, compartmentalization of staff in the LTCF, and the routine testing of residents and/or staff in LTCFs, among others, may be effective (low CoE). Other measures, such as restricting shared spaces, serving meals in room, cohorting infected and non-infected residents may be effective (very low CoE). An evidence gap map highlights the lack of evidence on important interventions, encompassing visiting restrictions, pre-entry testing, and air filtration systems. Conclusions Although CoE of interventions was low or very low for most outcomes, the implementation of NPIs identified as potentially effective in this review often constitutes the sole viable option, particularly prior to the availability of vaccinations. Our evidence-gap map underscores the imperative for further research on several interventions. These gaps need to be addressed to prepare LTCFs for future pandemics. Trial registration CRD42022344149.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYixue Sun Yanting Zhu Pengju Zhang Shouzhi Sheng Zhenhong Guan Yanlong Cong a Department of Policies and Regulations, Changchun University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinab State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Chinac Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Cynthia Y. Tang Cheng Gao Kritika Prasai Tao Li Shreya Dash Jane A. McElroy Jun Hang Xiu-Feng Wan a Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAb Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAc Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAd Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAe Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USAf Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USAg Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024
Franziska KaiserNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, Dylan H. MorrisUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Arthur Wickenhagen, Reshma Mukesh, Shane Gallogly, Kwe Claude Yinda, and Emmie de WitNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT, James O. Lloyd-SmithUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, Vincent J. MunsterNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, MT vincent.munster@nih.gov
New England Journal of Medicine, 16.06.2024
Tilføjet 16.06.2024