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Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.08.2024
Tilføjet 16.08.2024
Abstract Background Chronic norovirus infection (CNI) causes significant morbidity in immunocompromised patients. No effective prevention or treatment currently exists.Methods Two patients with inborn errors of immunity, X- linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) and DOCK8 deficiency, were followed longitudinally for clinical course, immune reconstitution, norovirus-specific T cell (NST) response, B cell reconstitution, and norovirus-specific antibody production. Samples were obtained in the peri-hematopoietic stem cell transplant setting (HSCT) before and after CNI clearance. The norovirus strain causing CNI was followed longitudinally for norovirus stool viral loads and sequencing.Results The noroviruses were identified as GII.4 Sydney[P4 New Orleans] in one patient and GII.17[P17] in the other. An exacerbation of diarrhea post-HSCT in the patient with X-SCID was consistent with norovirus infection but not with graft-vs-host-disease on pathologic samples. Both patients recovered polyfunctional NSTs in the CD4 and CD8 T cell compartments which recognized multiple norovirus structural and non-structural viral antigens. T cell responses were minimal during active CNI but detectable after resolution. Mapping of norovirus-specific T cell responses between the patient with DOCK8 and his matched sibling donor were nearly identical. B cell reconstitution or new endogenous antibody production for IgA or IgG were not observed.Conclusion This report is the first to demonstrate reconstitution of norovirus-specific T cell immunity after HSCT closely temporally aligned with clearance of CNI suggesting that cellular immunity is sufficient for norovirus clearance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShun Liu, Hanyu Chen, Zihan Wen, Yaoling Ouyang, Bing Mei, Chengbin Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Abstract Attributing infectious causes of diarrhea is critical to inform treatment and burden estimates. The attributable fraction (AF) approach based on the association between pathogen quantity and diarrhea has been frequently used but may underestimate incidence. We leveraged data from the multisite birth-cohort Malnutrition and Enteric Disease (MAL-ED) Study, where diarrheal and non-diarrheal stools were collected from 1,715 children from 0-2 years. We compared attribution using a longitudinal AF (LAF) method that considers the temporal association between pathogen quantity and diarrhea symptoms to previously-published AF estimates. For rotavirus and Shigella, attribution did not meaningfully change. For others like adenovirus 40 & 41, astrovirus, norovirus GII, sapovirus, Campylobacter jejuni or C coli, ST ETEC, typical EPEC, and Cryptosporidium, attribution increased, demonstrating longitudinal data may be informative for pathogens with weak associations between quantity and diarrhea. We further derived accuracy-based, pathogen-specific quantity cut-offs that may improve attribution in the absence of longitudinal data.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.08.2024
Tilføjet 1.08.2024
Abstract Background Viruses, which are transmitted mainly via the digestive tract, are responsible for the high morbidity and mortality of diseases, particularly in low-income countries. Although several studies have established the prevalence and characterization of various enteric viruses in Burkina Faso, to date, no aggregate data have been released. Objective Our objective was to describe the available data on the prevalence and circulating genotypes of enteric pathogen viruses responsible for human infections in Burkina Faso by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Potentially relevant studies were identified by a search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, university libraries and by a manual search of the reference lists of identified studies. The search with no restrictions on language or age was limited to studies conducted only in Burkina. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality of the included studies were performed independently by two investigators. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 test statistics based on the random effects model. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA 3.7) was employed to compute the pooled prevalence of pathogens identified in the studies. Results Forty-three (43) studies reporting 4,214 diagnosed cases in all aged human populations were selected. Overall, 72.6% of the pathogens diagnosed were gastroenteritis, and 27.2% were entero-transmissible hepatitis viruses. Rotavirus was the most common cause of human viral gastroenteritis, accounting for 27.7% (95% CI: 20.9 - 35.8) of the cases, followed by norovirus (16% (95% CI: 12.25 - 20.6)) and sapovirus (11.2% (95% CI: 6.2 - 19.4)). In terms of human entero-transmissible infections, hepatitis A virus (HAV) was the most prevalent (52% [95% CI: 14.2–87.7] of total antibodies), followed by hepatitis E virus (HEV) (28.3% [95% CI: 17.7–42]). Conclusions This study highlights the substantial burden of viral enteric infections and highlights the need for more molecular epidemiological studies to improve preventive measures against these viruses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Haile Chercos, Solomon T. Wafula, John P. A. Lusingu, Daniel T. R. Minja, Samwel Gesase, Joyce R. Mbwana, Ulrich Schotte, Jürgen May, Lea Mardeis, Anna Jaeger, Sandra Rojak, Maike Lamshöft, Joseph Kaseka, Eva Lorenz, Hagen Frickmann, Denise Dekker
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.06.2024
Tilføjet 19.06.2024
by Daniel Haile Chercos, Solomon T. Wafula, John P. A. Lusingu, Daniel T. R. Minja, Samwel Gesase, Joyce R. Mbwana, Ulrich Schotte, Jürgen May, Lea Mardeis, Anna Jaeger, Sandra Rojak, Maike Lamshöft, Joseph Kaseka, Eva Lorenz, Hagen Frickmann, Denise Dekker Diarrheal diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality, worldwide. The occurrence of multiple pathogens in stool samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in resource-limited countries have been repeatedly described. In this study, we assessed the differentiated effects of combined pathogen detections on recorded symptoms. A case-control study was conducted among 620 under-five-year-old children in rural northeastern Tanzania with emphasis of multiple detection. The median age of children was 11 months (IQR = 7, 20), and 52.1% were male. Cases (50.2%, n = 157) were less likely than controls (64.5%, n = 198) to have multiple colonization with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pathogens. The children’s age was positively associated with the likelihood of harboring multiple GIT pathogens [OR, 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.04]. Shigella spp./enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) [OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.62, 4.83] and norovirus [OR = 2.04, 95% CI 1.23, 3.39] were more common in cases and were strongly associated with diarrhea, while enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) [OR = 0.23, 95%CI 0.17–0.33] were more common in controls. Diarrheal diseases in under-five children from rural Tanzania are likely to be due to infections with Shigella spp./EIEC, and norovirus with strongly age-dependent associations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.06.2024
Tilføjet 1.06.2024
Abstract Noroviruses are the second leading cause of death in children under the age of 5 years old. They are responsible for 200 million cases of diarrhoea and 50,000 deaths in children through the word, mainly in low-income countries. The objective of this review was to assess how the prevalence and genetic diversity of noroviruses have been affected by the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Africa. PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases were searched for articles. All included studies were conducted in Africa in children aged 0 to 5 years old with gastroenteritis. STATA version 16.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. The method of Dersimonian and Laird, based on the random effects model, was used for the statistical analyses in order to estimate the pooled prevalence’s at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q test using the I2 index. The funnel plot was used to assess study publication bias. A total of 521 studies were retrieved from the databases, and 19 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled norovirus prevalence’s for pre- and post-vaccination rotavirus studies were 15% (95 CI, 15–18) and 13% (95 CI, 09–17) respectively. GII was the predominant genogroup, with prevalence of 87.64% and 91.20% respectively for the pre- and post-vaccination studies. GII.4 was the most frequently detected genotype, with rates of 66.84% and 51.24% respectively for the pre- and post-vaccination studies. This meta-analysis indicates that rotavirus vaccination has not resulted in a decrease in norovirus infections in Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaojun He Yilin Deng Fang Zhang Jin Zhang Luhong Zhu Qinjin Wang Jie Ning Hui Wu Hanmei Yuan Bin Li Chao Wu a Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, Chinab Department of Gastroenterology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Virulence, 31.05.2024
Tilføjet 31.05.2024