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Shaojun Li, Tao Tan, Jing Li, Hongdong Li, Liang Zhou, Ke Bai, Li Xiao, Ximing Xu, Liping Tan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.07.2024
Tilføjet 20.07.2024
by Shaojun Li, Tao Tan, Jing Li, Hongdong Li, Liang Zhou, Ke Bai, Li Xiao, Ximing Xu, Liping Tan Purpose We aimed to validate the performance of six available scoring models for predicting hospital mortality in children with suspected or confirmed infections. Methods This single-center retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients admitted to the PICU for infection. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. The six scores included the age-adapted pSOFA score, SIRS score, PELOD2 score, Sepsis-2 score, qSOFA score, and PMODS. Results Of the 5,356 children admitted to the PICU, 9.1% (488) died, and 25.1% (1,342) had basic disease with a mortality rate of 12.7% (171); 65.3% (3,499) of the patients were younger than 2 years, and 59.4% (3,183) were male. The discrimination abilities of the pSOFA and PELOD2 scores were superior to those of the other models. The calibration curves of the pSOFA and PELOD2 scores were consistent between the predictions and observations. Elevated lactate levels were a risk factor for mortality. Conclusion The pSOFA and PELOD2 scores had superior predictive performance for mortality. Given the relative unavailability of items and clinical operability, the pSOFA score should be recommended as an optimal tool for acute organ dysfunction in pediatric sepsis patients. Elevated lactate levels are related to a greater risk of death from infection in children in the PICU.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.06.2024
Tilføjet 4.06.2024
Abstract Background Clinical data characterizing invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) are limited. We assessed the clinical presentation of IED and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of causative E. coli isolates in older adults. Methods EXPECT-2 (NCT04117113) was a prospective, observational, multinational, hospital-based study conducted in patients with IED aged ≥ 60 years. IED was determined by the microbiological confirmation of E. coli from blood; or by the microbiological confirmation of E. coli from urine or an otherwise sterile body site in the presence of requisite criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), or quick SOFA (qSOFA). The primary outcomes were the clinical presentation of IED and AMR rates of E. coli isolates to clinically relevant antibiotics. Complications and in-hospital mortality were assessed through 28 days following IED diagnosis. Results Of 240 enrolled patients, 80.4% had bacteremic and 19.6% had non-bacteremic IED. One-half of infections (50.4%) were community-acquired. The most common source of infection was the urinary tract (62.9%). Of 240 patients, 65.8% fulfilled ≥ 2 SIRS criteria, and 60.4% had a total SOFA score of ≥ 2. Investigator-diagnosed sepsis and septic shock were reported in 72.1% and 10.0% of patients, respectively. The most common complication was kidney dysfunction (12.9%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 4.6%. Of 299 E. coli isolates tested, the resistance rates were: 30.4% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 24.1% for ciprofloxacin, 22.1% for levofloxacin, 16.4% for ceftriaxone, 5.7% for cefepime, and 4.3% for ceftazidime. Conclusions The clinical profile of identified IED cases was characterized by high rates of sepsis. IED was associated with high rates of AMR to clinically relevant antibiotics. The identification of IED can be optimized by using a combination of clinical criteria (SIRS, SOFA, or qSOFA) and culture results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 2.06.2024
Tilføjet 2.06.2024
Abstract Background Clinical data characterizing invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) are limited. We assessed the clinical presentation of IED and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of causative E. coli isolates in older adults. Methods EXPECT-2 (NCT04117113) was a prospective, observational, multinational, hospital-based study conducted in patients with IED aged ≥ 60 years. IED was determined by the microbiological confirmation of E. coli from blood; or by the microbiological confirmation of E. coli from urine or an otherwise sterile body site in the presence of requisite criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), or quick SOFA (qSOFA). The primary outcomes were the clinical presentation of IED and AMR rates of E. coli isolates to clinically relevant antibiotics. Complications and in-hospital mortality were assessed through 28 days following IED diagnosis. Results Of 240 enrolled patients, 80.4% had bacteremic and 19.6% had non-bacteremic IED. One-half of infections (50.4%) were community-acquired. The most common source of infection was the urinary tract (62.9%). Of 240 patients, 65.8% fulfilled ≥ 2 SIRS criteria, and 60.4% had a total SOFA score of ≥ 2. Investigator-diagnosed sepsis and septic shock were reported in 72.1% and 10.0% of patients, respectively. The most common complication was kidney dysfunction (12.9%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 4.6%. Of 299 E. coli isolates tested, the resistance rates were: 30.4% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 24.1% for ciprofloxacin, 22.1% for levofloxacin, 16.4% for ceftriaxone, 5.7% for cefepime, and 4.3% for ceftazidime. Conclusions The clinical profile of identified IED cases was characterized by high rates of sepsis. IED was associated with high rates of AMR to clinically relevant antibiotics. The identification of IED can be optimized by using a combination of clinical criteria (SIRS, SOFA, or qSOFA) and culture results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 2.06.2024
Tilføjet 2.06.2024
Abstract Background Clinical data characterizing invasive Escherichia coli disease (IED) are limited. We assessed the clinical presentation of IED and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of causative E. coli isolates in older adults. Methods EXPECT-2 (NCT04117113) was a prospective, observational, multinational, hospital-based study conducted in patients with IED aged ≥ 60 years. IED was determined by the microbiological confirmation of E. coli from blood; or by the microbiological confirmation of E. coli from urine or an otherwise sterile body site in the presence of requisite criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), or quick SOFA (qSOFA). The primary outcomes were the clinical presentation of IED and AMR rates of E. coli isolates to clinically relevant antibiotics. Complications and in-hospital mortality were assessed through 28 days following IED diagnosis. Results Of 240 enrolled patients, 80.4% had bacteremic and 19.6% had non-bacteremic IED. One-half of infections (50.4%) were community-acquired. The most common source of infection was the urinary tract (62.9%). Of 240 patients, 65.8% fulfilled ≥ 2 SIRS criteria, and 60.4% had a total SOFA score of ≥ 2. Investigator-diagnosed sepsis and septic shock were reported in 72.1% and 10.0% of patients, respectively. The most common complication was kidney dysfunction (12.9%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 4.6%. Of 299 E. coli isolates tested, the resistance rates were: 30.4% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 24.1% for ciprofloxacin, 22.1% for levofloxacin, 16.4% for ceftriaxone, 5.7% for cefepime, and 4.3% for ceftazidime. Conclusions The clinical profile of identified IED cases was characterized by high rates of sepsis. IED was associated with high rates of AMR to clinically relevant antibiotics. The identification of IED can be optimized by using a combination of clinical criteria (SIRS, SOFA, or qSOFA) and culture results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.04.2024
Tilføjet 14.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Sepsis has a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Early recognition is important to facilitate timely initiation of adequate care. Sepsis screening tools, such as the (quick) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment ((q)SOFA) and National Early Warning Score (NEWS), could help recognize sepsis. These tools have been validated in a general immunocompetent population, while their performance in immunocompromised patients, who are particularly at risk of sepsis development, remains unknown. Methods This study is a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study performed at the emergency department. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years with a suspected infection, while ≥ two qSOFA and/or SOFA criteria were used to classify patients as having suspected sepsis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results 1516 patients, of which 40.5% used one or more immunosuppressives, were included. NEWS had a higher prognostic accuracy as compared to qSOFA for predicting poor outcome among immunocompromised sepsis patients. Of all tested immunosuppressives, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy was associated with a threefold increased risk of both in-hospital and 28-day mortality. Conclusion In contrast to NEWS, qSOFA underestimates the risk of adverse outcome in patients using high-dose glucocorticoids. As a clinical consequence, to adequately assess the severity of illness among immunocompromised patients, health care professionals should best use the NEWS.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Sepsis has a high incidence and a poor prognosis. Early recognition is important to facilitate timely initiation of adequate care. Sepsis screening tools, such as the (quick) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment ((q)SOFA) and National Early Warning Score (NEWS), could help recognize sepsis. These tools have been validated in a general immunocompetent population, while their performance in immunocompromised patients, who are particularly at risk of sepsis development, remains unknown. Methods This study is a post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study performed at the emergency department. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years with a suspected infection, while ≥ two qSOFA and/or SOFA criteria were used to classify patients as having suspected sepsis. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results 1516 patients, of which 40.5% used one or more immunosuppressives, were included. NEWS had a higher prognostic accuracy as compared to qSOFA for predicting poor outcome among immunocompromised sepsis patients. Of all tested immunosuppressives, high-dose glucocorticoid therapy was associated with a threefold increased risk of both in-hospital and 28-day mortality. Conclusion In contrast to NEWS, qSOFA underestimates the risk of adverse outcome in patients using high-dose glucocorticoids. As a clinical consequence, to adequately assess the severity of illness among immunocompromised patients, health care professionals should best use the NEWS.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
Abstract Purpose Blood cultures (BCs) are key for pathogen detection in septic patients. We investigated the extent to which sampling was performed and what factors were associated with the absence of general or inadequate BC sampling. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with sepsis admitted to one of three EDs in 2018. Primary outcome was the extent of general BC collection of at least 1 set. Secondary outcome was the extent of adequate BC sampling, defined as ≥ 2 sets before antibiotic therapy (AT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with deficits in both outcomes. Results 1143 patients were analyzed. BCs were collected from 946 patients. Single BCs were taken from 520 patients, ≥ 2 sets from 426 patients. Overall, ≥ 2 BCs were taken from 349 patients before AT. BC sampling before AT occurred significantly more frequently when ≥ 2 BC sets were taken rather than a single one (81.9%, versus 68.4%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
Abstract Purpose Blood cultures (BCs) are key for pathogen detection in septic patients. We investigated the extent to which sampling was performed and what factors were associated with the absence of general or inadequate BC sampling. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with sepsis admitted to one of three EDs in 2018. Primary outcome was the extent of general BC collection of at least 1 set. Secondary outcome was the extent of adequate BC sampling, defined as ≥ 2 sets before antibiotic therapy (AT). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with deficits in both outcomes. Results 1143 patients were analyzed. BCs were collected from 946 patients. Single BCs were taken from 520 patients, ≥ 2 sets from 426 patients. Overall, ≥ 2 BCs were taken from 349 patients before AT. BC sampling before AT occurred significantly more frequently when ≥ 2 BC sets were taken rather than a single one (81.9%, versus 68.4%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Sepsis suspicion by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is associated with improved patient outcomes. This study assessed sepsis incidence and recognition by EMS and analyzed which of the screening tools recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign best facilitates sepsis prediction. Methods Retrospective cohort study of claims data from health insurances (n = 221,429 EMS cases), and paramedics’ and emergency physicians’ EMS documentation (n = 110,419); analyzed outcomes were: sepsis incidence and case fatality compared to stroke and myocardial infarction, the extent of documentation for screening-relevant variables and sepsis suspicion, tools’ intersections for screening positive in identical EMS cases and their predictive ability for an inpatient sepsis diagnosis. Results Incidence of sepsis (1.6%) was similar to myocardial infarction (2.6%) and stroke (2.7%); however, 30-day case fatality rate was almost threefold higher (31.7% vs. 13.4%; 11.8%). Complete vital sign documentation was achieved in 8.2% of all cases. Paramedics never, emergency physicians rarely (0.1%) documented a sepsis suspicion, respectively septic shock. NEWS2 had the highest sensitivity (73.1%; Specificity:81.6%) compared to qSOFA (23.1%; Sp:96.6%), SIRS (28.2%; Sp:94.3%) and MEWS (48.7%; Sp:88.1%). Depending on the tool, 3.7% to 19.4% of all cases screened positive; only 0.8% in all tools simultaneously. Conclusion Incidence and mortality underline the need for better sepsis awareness, documentation of vital signs and use of screening tools. Guidelines may omit MEWS and SIRS as recommendations for prehospital providers since they were inferior in all accuracy measures. Though no tool performed ideally, NEWS2 qualifies as the best tool to predict the highest proportion of septic patients and to rule out cases that are likely non-septic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 20.02.2024
Tilføjet 20.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Sepsis suspicion by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is associated with improved patient outcomes. This study assessed sepsis incidence and recognition by EMS and analyzed which of the screening tools recommended by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign best facilitates sepsis prediction. Methods Retrospective cohort study of claims data from health insurances (n = 221,429 EMS cases), and paramedics’ and emergency physicians’ EMS documentation (n = 110,419); analyzed outcomes were: sepsis incidence and case fatality compared to stroke and myocardial infarction, the extent of documentation for screening-relevant variables and sepsis suspicion, tools’ intersections for screening positive in identical EMS cases and their predictive ability for an inpatient sepsis diagnosis. Results Incidence of sepsis (1.6%) was similar to myocardial infarction (2.6%) and stroke (2.7%); however, 30-day case fatality rate was almost threefold higher (31.7% vs. 13.4%; 11.8%). Complete vital sign documentation was achieved in 8.2% of all cases. Paramedics never, emergency physicians rarely (0.1%) documented a sepsis suspicion, respectively septic shock. NEWS2 had the highest sensitivity (73.1%; Specificity:81.6%) compared to qSOFA (23.1%; Sp:96.6%), SIRS (28.2%; Sp:94.3%) and MEWS (48.7%; Sp:88.1%). Depending on the tool, 3.7% to 19.4% of all cases screened positive; only 0.8% in all tools simultaneously. Conclusion Incidence and mortality underline the need for better sepsis awareness, documentation of vital signs and use of screening tools. Guidelines may omit MEWS and SIRS as recommendations for prehospital providers since they were inferior in all accuracy measures. Though no tool performed ideally, NEWS2 qualifies as the best tool to predict the highest proportion of septic patients and to rule out cases that are likely non-septic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBolanaki, Myrto; Winning, Johannes; Slagman, Anna; Lehmann, Thomas; Kiehntopf, Michael; Stacke, Angelika; Neumann, Caroline; Reinhart, Konrad; Möckel, Martin; Bauer, Michael
Critical Care Medicine, 15.02.2024
Tilføjet 15.02.2024
Objectives: Consensus regarding biomarkers for detection of infection-related organ dysfunction in the emergency department is lacking. We aimed to identify and validate biomarkers that could improve risk prediction for overt or incipient organ dysfunction when added to quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) as a screening tool. Design: In a large prospective multicenter cohort of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a qSOFA score greater than or equal to 1, admission plasma levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, adrenomedullin (either bioavailable adrenomedullin or midregional fragment of proadrenomedullin), proenkephalin, and dipeptidyl peptidase 3 were assessed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was applied to assess the impact of these biomarkers alone or in combination to detect the primary endpoint of prediction of sepsis within 96 hours of admission. Setting: Three tertiary emergency departments at German University Hospitals (Jena University Hospital and two sites of the Charité University Hospital, Berlin). Patients: One thousand four hundred seventy-seven adult patients presenting with suspected organ dysfunction based on qSOFA score greater than or equal to 1. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The cohort was of moderate severity with 81% presenting with qSOFA = 1; 29.2% of these patients developed sepsis. Procalcitonin outperformed all other biomarkers regarding the primary endpoint (area under the curve for receiver operating characteristic [AUC-ROC], 0.86 [0.79–0.93]). Adding other biomarkers failed to further improve the AUC-ROC for the primary endpoint; however, they improved the model regarding several secondary endpoints, such as mortality, need for vasopressors, or dialysis. Addition of procalcitonin with a cutoff level of 0.25 ng/mL improved net (re)classification by 35.2% compared with qSOFA alone, with positive and negative predictive values of 60.7% and 88.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Biomarkers of infection and organ dysfunction, most notably procalcitonin, substantially improve early prediction of sepsis with added value to qSOFA alone as a simple screening tool on emergency department admission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Risk scores for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are widely used for standardized assessment in immunocompetent patients and to identify patients at risk for severe pneumonia and death. In immunocompromised patients, the prognostic value of pneumonia-specific risk scores seems to be reduced, but evidence is limited. The value of different pneumonia risk scores in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is not known. Methods Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed 310 first CAP episodes after kidney transplantation in 310 KTR. We assessed clinical outcomes and validated eight different risk scores (CRB-65, CURB-65, DS-CRB-65, qSOFA, SOFA, PSI, IDSA/ATS minor criteria, NEWS-2) for the prognosis of severe pneumonia and in-hospital mortality. Risk scores were assessed up to 48 h after admission, but always before an endpoint occurred. Multiple imputation was performed to handle missing values. Results In total, 16 out of 310 patients (5.2%) died, and 48 (15.5%) developed severe pneumonia. Based on ROC analysis, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and national early warning score 2 (NEWS-2) performed best, predicting severe pneumonia with AUC of 0.823 (0.747–0.880) and 0.784 (0.691–0.855), respectively. Conclusion SOFA and NEWS-2 are best suited to identify KTR at risk for the development of severe CAP. In contrast to immunocompetent patients, CRB-65 should not be used to guide outpatient treatment in KTR, since there is a 7% risk for the development of severe pneumonia even in patients with a score of zero.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 21.11.2023
Tilføjet 21.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Risk scores for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are widely used for standardized assessment in immunocompetent patients and to identify patients at risk for severe pneumonia and death. In immunocompromised patients, the prognostic value of pneumonia-specific risk scores seems to be reduced, but evidence is limited. The value of different pneumonia risk scores in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is not known. Methods Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed 310 first CAP episodes after kidney transplantation in 310 KTR. We assessed clinical outcomes and validated eight different risk scores (CRB-65, CURB-65, DS-CRB-65, qSOFA, SOFA, PSI, IDSA/ATS minor criteria, NEWS-2) for the prognosis of severe pneumonia and in-hospital mortality. Risk scores were assessed up to 48 h after admission, but always before an endpoint occurred. Multiple imputation was performed to handle missing values. Results In total, 16 out of 310 patients (5.2%) died, and 48 (15.5%) developed severe pneumonia. Based on ROC analysis, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and national early warning score 2 (NEWS-2) performed best, predicting severe pneumonia with AUC of 0.823 (0.747–0.880) and 0.784 (0.691–0.855), respectively. Conclusion SOFA and NEWS-2 are best suited to identify KTR at risk for the development of severe CAP. In contrast to immunocompetent patients, CRB-65 should not be used to guide outpatient treatment in KTR, since there is a 7% risk for the development of severe pneumonia even in patients with a score of zero.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSchertz, Adam R.; Eisner, Ashley E.; Smith, Sydney A.; Lenoir, Kristin M.; Thomas, Karl W.
Critical Care Explorations, 24.08.2023
Tilføjet 24.08.2023
OBJECTIVES: Clinical sepsis phenotypes may be defined by a wide range of characteristics such as site of infection, organ dysfunction patterns, laboratory values, and demographics. There is a paucity of literature regarding the impact of site of infection on the timing and pattern of clinical sepsis markers. This study hypothesizes that important phenotypic variation in clinical markers and outcomes of sepsis exists when stratified by infection site. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Five hospitals within the Wake Forest Health System from June 2019 to December 2019. PATIENTS: Six thousand seven hundred fifty-three hospitalized adults with a discharge International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code for acute infection who met systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) criteria during the index hospitalization. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome of interest was a composite of 30-day mortality or shock. Infection site was determined by a two-reviewer process. Significant demographic, vital sign, and laboratory result differences were seen across all infection sites. For the composite outcome of shock or 30-day mortality, unknown or unspecified infections had the highest proportion (21.34%) and CNS infections had the lowest proportion (8.11%). Respiratory, vascular, and unknown or unspecified infection sites showed a significantly increased adjusted and unadjusted odds of the composite outcome as compared with the other infection sites except CNS. Hospital time prior to SIRS positivity was shortest in unknown or unspecified infections at a median of 0.88 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 0.22–5.05 hr), and hospital time prior to qSOFA and SOFA positivity was shortest in respiratory infections at a median of 54.83 hours (IQR, 9.55–104.67 hr) and 1.88 hours (IQR, 0.47–17.40 hr), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Phenotypic variation in illness severity and mortality exists when stratified by infection site. There is a significantly higher adjusted and unadjusted odds of the composite outcome of 30-day mortality or shock in respiratory, vascular, and unknown or unspecified infections as compared with other sites.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMJ Open, 20.02.2023
Tilføjet 20.02.2023
ObjectivesWe evaluated the performance of commonly used sepsis screening tools across prospective sepsis cohorts in the USA, Cambodia and Ghana.DesignProspective cohort studies.Setting and participantsFrom 2014 to 2021, participants with two or more SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) criteria and suspected infection were enrolled in emergency departments and medical wards at hospitals in Cambodia and Ghana and hospitalised participants with suspected infection were enrolled in the USA. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed, and Harrell’s C-statistic calculated to determine 28-day mortality prediction performance of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score ≥2, SIRS score ≥3, National Early Warning Score (NEWS) ≥5, Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) ≥5 or Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score ≥2. Screening tools were compared with baseline risk (age and sex) with the Wald test.ResultsThe cohorts included 567 participants (42.9% women) including 187 participants from Kumasi, Ghana, 200 participants from Takeo, Cambodia and 180 participants from Durham, North Carolina in the USA. The pooled mortality was 16.4% at 28 days. The mortality prediction accuracy increased from baseline risk with the MEWS (C-statistic: 0.63, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.68; p=0.002), NEWS (C-statistic: 0.68; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.73; p<0.001), qSOFA (C-statistic: 0.70, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.75; p<0.001), UVA score (C-statistic: 0.73, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.78; p<0.001), but not with SIRS (0.60; 95% CI 0.54 to 0.65; p=0.13). Within individual cohorts, only the UVA score in Ghana performed better than baseline risk (C-statistic: 0.77; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.83; p<0.001).ConclusionsAmong the cohorts, MEWS, NEWS, qSOFA and UVA scores performed better than baseline risk, largely driven by accuracy improvements in Ghana, while SIRS scores did not improve prognostication accuracy. Prognostication scores should be validated within the target population prior to clinical use.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 19.11.2022
Tilføjet 19.11.2022
Abstract Purpose Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a biomarker for the early identification of sepsis. We assessed its accuracy in patients presenting with suspected sepsis in the emergency department (ED). Methods This was a single gate, single centre study in consecutive adults (≥ 18 years) admitted to the ED with suspected sepsis and clinical history compatible with infection, between 01 January and 31 December 2020 (n = 2570). Results The overall median MDW was 22.0 (IQR 19.3, 25.6). Using Sepsis-3 (qSOFA) to define sepsis, the Area Under Curve (AUC) for a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) relationship was 0.59 (95% CI 0.56, 0.61). Discrimination was similar using other clinical scores, and to that of C-reactive protein. At an MDW cutoff of 20.0, sensitivity was 0.76 (95% CI 0.73, 0.80) and specificity 0.35 (95% CI 0.33, 0.37) for Sepsis-3. MDW showed better performance to discriminate infection, with AUC 0.72 (95% CI 0.69, 0.75). At MDW 20.0, sensitivity for infection was 0.72 (95% CI 0.70, 0.74) and specificity 0.64 (95% CI 0.59, 0.70). A sensitivity analysis excluding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admissions (n = 552) had no impact on the AUC. MDW distribution at admission was similar for bacteraemia and COVID-19. Conclusions In this population of ED admissions with a strong clinical suspicion of sepsis, MDW had a performance to identify sepsis comparable to that of other commonly used biomarkers. In this setting, MDW could be a useful additional marker of infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGill, A., Ackermann, K., Hughes, C., Lam, V., Li, L.
BMJ Open, 21.10.2022
Tilføjet 21.10.2022
Objectives
To investigate whether adding lactate to the quick Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) improves the prediction of mortality in adult hospital patients, compared with qSOFA alone.
Design
Systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies guidelines.
Data sources
Embase, Medline, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL and Open Grey databases were searched in November 2020.
Eligibility criteria
Original research studies published after 2016 comparing qSOFA in combination with lactate (LqSOFA) with qSOFA alone in adult patients with sepsis in hospital. The language was restricted to English.
Data extraction and synthesis
Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction and quality assessment (using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2) were conducted independently by two reviewers. Extracted data were collected into tables and diagnostic test accuracy was compared between the two tests.
Results
We identified 1621 studies, of which 11 met our inclusion criteria. Overall, there was a low risk of bias across all studies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve for qSOFA was improved by the addition of lactate in 9 of the 10 studies reporting it. Sensitivity was increased in three of seven studies that reported it. Specificity was increased in four of seven studies that reported it. Of the six studies set exclusively within the emergency department, five published AUROCs, all of which reported an increase following the addition of lactate. Sensitivity and specificity results varied throughout the included studies. Due to insufficient data and heterogeneity of studies, a meta-analysis was not performed.
Conclusions
LqSOFA is an effective tool for identifying mortality risk both in adult inpatients with sepsis and those in the emergency department. LqSOFA increases AUROC over qSOFA alone, particularly within the emergency department. However, further original research is required to provide a stronger base of evidence in lactate measurement timing, as well as prospective trials to strengthen evidence and reduce bias.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020207648.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 27.06.2022
Tilføjet 28.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Critically-ill Covid-19 patients require extensive resources which can overburden a healthcare system already under strain due to a pandemic. A good disease severity prediction score can help allocate resources to where they are needed most.
Objectives
We developed a Covid-19 Severity Assessment Score (CoSAS) to predict those patients likely to suffer from mortalities within 28 days of hospital admission. We also compared this score to Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) in adults.
Methods
CoSAS includes the following 10 components: Age, gender, Clinical Frailty Score, number of comorbidities, Ferritin level, D-dimer level, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive Protein levels, systolic blood pressure and oxygen saturation. Our study was a single center study with data collected via chart review and phone calls. 309 patients were included in the study.
Results
CoSAS proved to be a good score to predict Covid-19 mortality with an Area under the Curve (AUC) of 0.78. It also proved better than qSOFA (AUC of 0.70). More studies are needed to externally validate CoSAS.
Conclusion
CoSAS is an accurate score to predict Covid-19 mortality in the Pakistani population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Riley Hazard, Danstan Bagenda, Andrew J. Patterson, Julia T. Hoffman, Steven J. Lisco, Olivier Urayeneza, Polyphile Ntihinyurwa, Christopher C. Moore
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.03.2022
Tilføjet 23.03.2022
by Riley Hazard, Danstan Bagenda, Andrew J. Patterson, Julia T. Hoffman, Steven J. Lisco, Olivier Urayeneza, Polyphile Ntihinyurwa, Christopher C. Moore
Background We previously derived a Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) score to better risk-stratify hospitalized patients in sub-Saharan Africa, including those with infection. Here, we aimed to externally validate the performance of the UVA score using previously collected data from patients hospitalized with acute infection in Rwanda. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data collected from adults ≥18 years with acute infection admitted to Gitwe District Hospital in Rwanda from 2016 until 2017. We calculated the UVA score from the time of admission and at 72 hours after admission. We also calculated quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and modified early warning scores (MEWS). We calculated amalgamated qSOFA scores by inserting UVA cut-offs into the qSOFA score, and modified UVA scores by removing the HIV criterion. The performance of each score determined by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) was the primary outcome measure. Results We included 573 hospitalized adult patients with acute infection of whom 40 (7%) died in-hospital. The admission AUCs (95% confidence interval [CI]) for the prediction of mortality by the scores were: UVA, 0.77 (0.68–0.85); modified UVA, 0.77 (0.68–0.85); qSOFA, 0.66 (0.56–0.75), amalgamated qSOFA, 0.71 (0.61–0.80); and MEWS, 0.74 (0.64, 0.83). The positive predictive values (95% CI) of the scores at commonly used cut-offs were: UVA >4, 0.35 (0.15–0.59); modified UVA >4, 0.35 (0.15–0.59); qSOFA >1, 0.14 (0.07–0.24); amalgamated qSOFA >1, 0.44 (0.20–0.70); and MEWS >5, 0.14 (0.08–0.22). The 72 hour (N = 236) AUC (95% CI) for the prediction of mortality by UVA was 0.59 (0.43–0.74). The Chi-Square test for linear trend did not identify an association between mortality and delta UVA score at 72 hours (p = 0.82). Conclusions The admission UVA score and amalgamated qSOFA score had good predictive ability for mortality in adult patients admitted to hospital with acute infection in Rwanda. The UVA score could be used to assist with triage decisions and clinical interventions, for baseline risk stratification in clinical studies, and in a clinical definition of sepsis in Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.03.2022
Tilføjet 14.03.2022
Abstract
Background
Racial/ethnic minorities are at higher risk for severe COVID-19. This may be related to social determinants that lead to chronic inflammatory states. The aims of the study were to determine if there are racial/ethnic disparities with inflammatory markers and association of methylprednisolone to in hospital survival.
Methods
This was a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study of patients ≥ 18 years of age and admitted for severe COVID-19 pneumonia between March and June 2020 in 13 Hospitals in New Jersey, United States. Patients who received other formulation of corticosteroids were not included. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curves were performed to test for discriminatory ability of each inflammatory makers. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression assessed the association of variables to in hospital survival.
Results
Propensity matched sample (n = 759) between no methylprednisolone (n = 380) and methylprednisolone (n = 379) had 338 Whites, 102 Blacks, 61 Asian/Indians, and 251 non-Black non-White Hispanics. Compared to CRP, area under receiving operating characteristic curve for d-dimer in Hispanics (0.742) was statistically different (DeLong Test P = 0.0041). Multivariate cox regression showed that different variables in Blacks [age ≥ 60 years (HR = 3.71, P = 0.0281), mechanical ventilation (HR = 5.07, P = 0.0281) and creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL (HR = 3.61, P = 0.0007)], Whites [cancer (HR = 1.68, P = 0.0213), qSOFA score of 1 (HR = 1.81, P = 0.0213), qSOFA score of 2 (HR = 5.16, P < 0.0001), qSOFA score of 3 (HR = 11.81, P < 0.0001) and creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dL (HR = 2.16, P = 0.0006)], Hispanics [hypertension (HR = 2.52, P = 0.0007), cancer (HR = 2.99, P = 0.0244 and D-dimer ≥ 2 mcg/mL (HR = 2.22, P = 0.0077)], and Asian/Indians [
chronic kidney disease (HR = 6.36, P = 0.0031) and CRP > 20 mg/L (HR = 5.02, P = 0.0032)] were statistically significant for mortality. Low dose and high dose methylprednisolone were significantly associated with prolonged survival in Whites [low dose (HR = 0.37, P < 0.0001) and high dose (HR = 0.48, P < 0.0183)] and Asian/Indians [low dose (HR = 0.13, P = 0.0101) and high dose (HR = 0.15, P = 0.01)]. However, high dose was not associated with improved survival compared to low dose. Methylprednisolone was not associated with prolonged survival in Blacks and Hispanics.
Conclusion
Racial/Ethnic disparities with inflammatory markers preclude the use of one marker as a predictor of survival. Methylprednisolone is associated with prolonged survival in Asian/Indians and Whites.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 13.03.2022
Tilføjet 13.03.2022
Abstract
Background
In older adult patients, bloodstream infections cause significant mortality. However, data on long-term prognosis in very elderly patients are scarce. This study aims to assess 1-year mortality from bacteraemia in very elderly patients.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study in inpatients aged 80 years or older and suspected of having sepsis. Patients with (n = 336) and without (n = 336) confirmed bacteraemia were matched for age, sex, and date of culture, and their characteristics were compared. All-cause mortality and risk of death were assessed using the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR).
Results
Compared to controls, cases showed a higher 1-year mortality (34.8% vs. 45.2%) and mortality rate (0.46 vs. 0.69 deaths per person-year). Multivariable analysis showed significant risk of 1-year mortality in patients with bacteraemia (aHR: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.67), quick Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score of 2 or more (aHR: 2.71, 95% CI 2.05–3.57), and age of 90 years or older (aHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.17–1.99).
Conclusions
In elderly patients suspected of sepsis, bacteraemia is associated with a poor prognosis and higher long-term mortality. Other factors related to excess mortality were age over 90 years and a qSOFA score of 2 or more.
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Infection, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Sepsis is a life-threating organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Being a time-dependent condition, the present study aims to compare a recently established score, i.e., modified quick SOFA (MqSOFA), with other existing tools commonly applied to predict in-hospital mortality.
Methods
All cases of sepsis and septic shock consecutively observed at St. Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, Italy, from January 2017 to December 2018 were included in this study. Each patient was evaluated with MqSOFA, lactate assay, NEWS and qSOFA. Accurate statistical and logistic regression analyses were applied to our database.
Results
A total of 1001 consecutive patients with sepsis/septic shock were retrieved. Among them, 444 were excluded for incomplete details about vital parameters; thus, 556 patients were eligible for the study. Data analysis showed that MqSOFA, NEWS and lactate assay provided a better predictive ability than qSOFA in terms of in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001). Aetiology-based stratification in 5 subgroups demonstrated the superiority of NEWS vs. other tools in predicting fatal outcomes (p = 0.030 respiratory, p = 0.036 urinary, p = 0.044 abdominal, p = 0.047 miscellaneous and p = 0.041 for indeterminate causes). After Bonferroni’s correction, MqSOFA was superior to qSOFA over respiratory (p < 0.001) and urinary (p < 0.001) aetiologies. Age was an independent factor for negative outcomes (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
MqSOFA, NEWS and lactate assay better predicted in-hospital mortality compared to qSOFA. Since sepsis needs a time-dependent assessment, an easier and non-invasive score, i.e., MqSOFA, could be used to establish patients’ outcome in the emergency setting.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.01.2022
Tilføjet 23.01.2022
Abstract
Background
Bacteraemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality, with delayed antibiotic treatment associated with poorer outcomes. Early identification is challenging, but clinically important. Multiple scoring systems have been developed to identify individuals in the broader categories of sepsis. We designed this study to assess the performance of existing scoring systems and pathways—CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway (an Australian sepsis care package), quick sequential organ failure score (qSOFA), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the Shapiro criteria.
Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study performed in two metropolitan hospitals in NSW, consisting of adult patients (> 18 years) with positive blood cultures containing a true pathogen and patients matched by age without positive blood cultures. Performance (sensitivity, specificity, and mortality prediction) of recognised sepsis and bacteraemia criteria and pathways—qSOFA, SIRS, Shapiro criteria and CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway in the first 4 h following ED triage was assessed.
Results
There were 251 patients in each cohort. Sepsis-related mortality was higher in the bacteraemic group (OR 0.4, p = 0.03). Of the criteria studied, the modified Shapiro criteria had the highest sensitivity (88%) with modest specificity (37.85%), and qSOFA had the highest specificity (83.67%) with poor sensitivity (19.82%). SIRS had reasonable sensitivity (82.07%), with poor sensitivity (20.72%). The CEC SEPSIS pathway sensitivity of 70.1% and specificity of 71.1%. The SEPSIS KILLS was activated on only 14% of bacteraemic patients.
Conclusion
The performance of all scoring systems and pathways was suboptimal in the identification of patients at risk of bacteraemia presenting to the emergency department.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.09.2021
Tilføjet 15.09.2021
Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic, resulting in considerable mortality. The risk factors, clinical treatments, especially comprehensive risk models for COVID-19 death are urgently warranted.
Methods
In this retrospective study, 281 non-survivors and 712 survivors with propensity score matching by age, sex, and comorbidities were enrolled from January 13, 2020 to March 31, 2020.
Results
Higher SOFA, qSOFA, APACHE II and SIRS scores, hypoxia, elevated inflammatory cytokines, multi-organ dysfunction, decreased immune cell subsets, and complications were significantly associated with the higher COVID-19 death risk. In addition to traditional predictors for death risk, including APACHE II (AUC = 0.83), SIRS (AUC = 0.75), SOFA (AUC = 0.70) and qSOFA scores (AUC = 0.61), another four prediction models that included immune cells subsets (AUC = 0.90), multiple organ damage biomarkers (AUC = 0.89), complications (AUC = 0.88) and inflammatory-related indexes (AUC = 0.75) were established. Additionally, the predictive accuracy of combining these risk factors (AUC = 0.950) was also significantly higher than that of each risk group alone, which was significant for early clinical management for COVID-19.
Conclusions
The potential risk factors could help to predict the clinical prognosis of COVID-19 patients at an early stage. The combined model might be more suitable for the death risk evaluation of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 9.09.2021
Tilføjet 10.09.2021
Abstract
Background
The most common Italian rickettsiosis is Mediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF). MSF is commonly associated with a symptom triad consisting of fever, cutaneous rash, and inoculation eschar. The rash is usually maculopapular but, especially in severe presentations, may be petechial. Other typical findings are arthromyalgia and headache. Herein, we describe for the first time an unusual case of Israeli spotted fever (ISF) associated with interstitial pneumonia and pleural effusion in which R. conorii subsp. israelensis was identified by molecular methods in the blood, as well as in the pleural fluid.
Case presentation
A 72-year-old male presented with a 10-day history of remittent fever. On admission, the patient’s general condition appeared poor with confusion and drowsiness; the first assessment revealed a temperature of 38.7°, blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg, a blood oxygen saturation level of 80% with rapid, frequent, and superficial breathing using accessory muscles (28 breaths per minute), and an arrhythmia with a heart rate of 90 beats per minute. qSOFA score was 3/3. Chest CT revealed ground-glass pneumonia with massive pleural effusion. Petechial exanthema was present diffusely, including on the palms and soles, and a very little eschar surrounded by a violaceous halo was noted on the dorsum of the right foot. Awaiting the results of blood cultures, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy with meropenem 1 g q8h, ciprofloxacin 400 mg q12h, and doxycycline 100 mg q12h was initiated. Doxycycline was included in the therapy because of the presence of petechial rash and fever, making us consider a diagnosis of rickettsiosis. This suspicion was confirmed by the positivity of polymerase chain reaction on whole blood for R. conorii subsp. israelensis. Thoracentesis was performed to improve alveolar ventilation. R. conorii subsp. israelensis was again identified in the pleural fluid by PCR technique. On day 4 the clinical condition worsened. Blood exams showed values suggestive of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; 4 out of 8 diagnostic criteria were present and empirical treatment with prednisone was started resulting in a gradual improvement in general condition.
Conclusions
Israeli spotted fever may be a severe disease. A high index of suspicion is required to promptly start life-saving therapy. Pleural effusion and interstitial pneumonia may be part of the clinical picture of severe rickettsial disease and should not lead the physician away from this diagnosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.08.2021
Tilføjet 24.08.2021
Abstract
Background
Stratification by clinical scores of patients suspected of infection can be used to support decisions on treatment and diagnostic workup. Seven clinical scores, SepsisFinder (SF), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Sequential Orgen Failure Assessment (SOFA), Mortality in Emergency Department Sepsis (MEDS), quick SOFA (qSOFA), Shapiro Decision Rule (SDR) and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), were evaluated for their ability to predict 30-day mortality and bacteraemia and for their ability to identify a low risk group, where blood culture may not be cost-effective and a high risk group where direct-from-blood PCR (dfbPCR) may be cost effective.
Methods
Retrospective data from two Danish and an Israeli hospital with a total of 1816 patients were used to calculate the seven scores.
Results
SF had higher Area Under the Receiver Operating curve than the clinical scores for prediction of mortality and bacteraemia, significantly so for MEDS, qSOFA and SIRS. For mortality predictions SF also had significantly higher area under the curve than SDR. In a low risk group identified by SF, consisting of 33% of the patients only 1.7% had bacteraemia and mortality was 4.2%, giving a cost of € 1976 for one positive result by blood culture. This was higher than the cost of € 502 of one positive dfbPCR from a high risk group consisting of 10% of the patients, where 25.3% had bacteraemia and mortality was 24.2%.
Conclusion
This may motivate a health economic study of whether resources spent on low risk blood cultures might be better spent on high risk dfbPCR.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.08.2021
Tilføjet 9.08.2021
Abstract
Background
Early recognition of patients hospitalized for sepsis at higher risk of poor clinical outcome is a mandatory task and many studies suggested that indicators of the immune status may be useful for this purpose. We performed a retrospective, monocentric cohort study to evaluate whether lymphocyte subsets may be useful in predicting in-hospital mortality of septic patients.
Methods
Data of all consecutive patients with a diagnosis of sepsis at discharge and an available peripherical blood lymphocyte subset (CD4, CD8, CD16/CD56 and CD19) analysis at hospital entry were retrospectively collected between January 2015 and August 2018. Clinical characteristics of patients, past medical history and other laboratory parameters were also considered.
Results
Two-hundred-seventy-eight septic patients, 171 (61.5%) males, mean age 63.2 ± 19.6 years, were enrolled. Total counts of lymphocytes, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells and B cells were found significantly lower in deceased than in surviving patients. At univariate analyses, CD4 T cells/µL (OR 0.99 for each incremental unit, 95%CI 0.99–1.10, p < 0.0001), age (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.04–1.09, p < 0.0001), procalcitonin (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.01–1.02, p < 0.0001) and female gender (OR 2.81, 95%CI 1.49–5.28, p = 0.001) were associated with in-hospital mortality. When a dichotomic threshold of < 400/µL for CD4 T cells as a dependent variable was considered in multivariate models, age (OR 1.04; 95%CI 1.01–1.09, p = 0.018); female gender (OR 3.18; 95%CI 1.40–7.20, p = 0.006), qSOFA (OR 4.00, 95%CI 1.84–8.67, p < 0.001) and CD4 T cells < 400/µL (OR 5.3; 95%CI 1.65–17.00, p = 0.005) were the independent predictors.
Conclusions
In adjunct to biomarkers routinely determined for the prediction of prognosis in sepsis, CD4 T lymphocytes, measured at hospital entry, may be useful in identifying patients at higher risk of in-hospital death.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRyo Ueno, Takateru Masubuchi, Atsushi Shiraishi, Satoshi Gando, Toshikazu Abe, Shigeki Kushimoto, Toshihiko Mayumi, Seitaro Fujishima, Akiyoshi Hagiwara, Toru Hifumi, Akira Endo, Takayuki Komatsu, Joji Kotani, Kohji Okamoto, Junichi Sasaki, Yasukazu Shiino, Yutaka Umemura
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.07.2021
Tilføjet 15.07.2021
by Ryo Ueno, Takateru Masubuchi, Atsushi Shiraishi, Satoshi Gando, Toshikazu Abe, Shigeki Kushimoto, Toshihiko Mayumi, Seitaro Fujishima, Akiyoshi Hagiwara, Toru Hifumi, Akira Endo, Takayuki Komatsu, Joji Kotani, Kohji Okamoto, Junichi Sasaki, Yasukazu Shiino, Yutaka Umemura
This study aimed to assess the value of quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) combined with other risk factors in predicting in-hospital mortality in patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected infection. This post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter study dataset included 34 emergency departments across Japan (December 2017 to February 2018). We included adult patients (age ≥16 years) who presented to the emergency department with suspected infection. qSOFA was calculated and recorded by senior emergency physicians when they suspected an infection. Different types of sepsis-related risk factors (demographic, functional, and laboratory values) were chosen from prior studies. A logistic regression model was used to assess the predictive value of qSOFA for in-hospital mortality in models based on the following combination of predictors: 1) qSOFA-Only; 2) qSOFA+Age; 3) qSOFA+Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS); 4) qSOFA+Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI); 5) qSOFA+lactate levels; 6) qSOFA+Age+CCI+CFS+lactate levels. We calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and other key clinical statistics at Youden’s index, where the sum of sensitivity and specificity is maximized. Following prior literature, an AUC >0.9 was deemed to indicate high accuracy; 0.7–0.9, moderate accuracy; 0.5–0.7, low accuracy; and 0.5, a chance result. Of the 951 patients included in the analysis, 151 (15.9%) died during hospitalization. The AUC for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.627 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.580−0.673) for the qSOFA-Only model. Addition of other variables only marginally improved the model’s AUC; the model that included all potentially relevant variables yielded an AUC of only 0.730 (95% CI: 0.687–0.774). Other key statistic values were similar among all models, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.55−0.65 and 0.60−0.75, respectively. In this post-hoc data analysis from a prospective multicenter study based in Japan, combining qSOFA with other sepsis-related risk factors only marginally improved the model’s predictive value.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMignot-Evers, L., Raaijmakers, V., Buunk, G., Brouns, S., Romano, L., van Herpt, T., Gharbharan, A., Dieleman, J., Haak, H.
BMJ Open, 16.06.2021
Tilføjet 16.06.2021
Objective
To compare the daily practice of two emergency departments (ED) in the Netherlands, where systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score are used differently as screening tools for culture-positive sepsis.
Design
A prospective cross-sectional multicentre study.
Setting
Two EDs at two European clinical teaching hospitals in the Netherlands.
Participants
760 patients with suspected infection who met SIRS criteria or had a qualifying qSOFA score who were treated at two EDs in the Netherlands from 1 January to 1 March 2018 were included.
Methods
SIRS criteria and qSOFA score were calculated for each patient. The first hospital treated the patients who met SIRS criteria following the worldwide Surviving Sepsis Campaign protocol. At the second hospital, only patients who met the qualifying qSOFA score received this treatment. Therefore, patients could be divided into five groups: (1) SIRS+, qSOFA–, not treated according to protocol (reference group); (2) SIRS+, qSOFA–, treated according to protocol; (3) SIRS+, qSOFA+, treated according to protocol; (4) SIRS–, qSOFA+, not treated according to protocol; (5) SIRS–, qSOFA+, treated according to protocol.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
To prove culture-positive sepsis was present, cultures were used as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
Results
98.9% met SIRS criteria and 11.7% met qSOFA score. Positive predictive values of SIRS criteria and qSOFA score were 41.2% (95% CI 37.4% to 45.2%) and 48.1% (95% CI 37.4% to 58.9%), respectively. HRs were 0.79 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.56, p=0.500), 3.42 (95% CI 1.82 to 6.44, p<0.001), 18.94 (95% CI 2.48 to 144.89, p=0.005) and 4.97 (95% CI 1.44 to 17.16, p=0.011) for groups 2–5, respectively.
Conclusion
qSOFA score performed as well as SIRS criteria for identifying culture-positive sepsis and performed significantly better for predicting in-hospital mortality and ICU admission. This study shows that SIRS criteria are no longer necessary and recommends qSOFA score as the standard for identifying culture-positive sepsis in the ED.
Trial registration number
NL8315.
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