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BMC Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2024
Tilføjet 7.09.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with substantial morbidity among infants. This study modelled the potential public health and economic impact of nirsevimab, a long-acting monoclonal antibody, as an immunoprophylactic strategy for all infants in Spain in their first RSV season. Methods A static decision-analytic model of the Spanish birth cohort during its first RSV season was developed to estimate the impact of nirsevimab on RSV-related health events and costs versus the standard of practice (SoP). Spain-specific costs and epidemiological data were used as model inputs. Modelled outcomes included RSV-related outpatient visits, emerging room (ER) visits, hospitalisations – including pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, and inpatient mortality. Results Under the current SoP, RSV caused 151,741 primary care visits, 38,798 ER visits, 12,889 hospitalisations, 1,412 PICU admissions, and 16 deaths over a single season, representing a cost of €71.8 million from a healthcare payer perspective. Universal immunisation of all infants with nirsevimab was expected to prevent 97,157 primary care visits (64.0% reduction), 24,789 ER visits (63.9%), 8,185 hospitalisations (63.5%), 869 PICU admissions (61.5%), and 9 inpatient deaths (52.6%), saving €47.8 million (62.4%) in healthcare costs. Conclusions These results suggest that immunisation with nirsevimab of all infants experiencing their first RSV season in Spain is likely to prevent thousands of RSV-related health events and save considerable costs versus the current SoP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVieri Lastrucci, Martina Pacifici, Monia Puglia, Giorgia Alderotti, Elettra Berti, Marco Del Riccio, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Maria Moriondo, Massimo Resti, Diego Peroni, Marco Martini, Chiara Azzari, Rosa Gini, Fabio Voller
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.09.2024
Tilføjet 1.09.2024
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children under two years of age globally.[1] Before the COVID-19 pandemic, RSV circulation followed a generally predictable seasonal pattern each year depending on the latitude; epidemics typically occurred from November to April in the Northern Hemisphere.[2] COVID-19 was first reported in December 2019 and officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020.[3] With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of numerous non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs), the circulation of RSV has been disrupted in many regions of the world.[4] In nearly all the European countries, no RSV epidemics were observed during the winter of the 2020/2021 season.[5,6] During the 2021/2022 season, as pandemic measures were eased, many countries saw unusual RSV epidemics, marked by resurgences occurring outside the typical season and high peaks of cases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 31.08.2024
Tilføjet 31.08.2024
Children born to people who had received a respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine during pregnancy were well-protected against severe disease, according to a recent trial. But the trial was stopped early due to a small but statistically significant increased risk of preterm births among pregnant people who’d received the vaccine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Abstract Influenza-like illness (ILI) patients co-detected with respiratory pathogens exhibit poorer health outcomes than those with single infections. To address the paucity of knowledge concerning the incidence of concurrent respiratory pathogens, their relationships, and the clinical differences between patients detected with single and multiple pathogens, we performed an in-depth characterization of the oropharyngeal samples of primary care patients collected in Genoa (Northwest Italy), during winter seasons 2018/19–2019/20. The apriori algorithm was employed to evaluate the incidence of viral, bacterial, and viral-bacterial pairs during the study period. The grade of correlation between pathogens was investigated using the Phi coefficient. Factors associated with viral, bacterial or viral-bacterial co-detection were assessed using logistic regression. The most frequently identified pathogens included influenza A, rhinovirus, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The highest correlations were found between bacterial-bacterial and viral-bacterial pairs, such as Haemophilus influenzae-Streptococcus pneumoniae, adenovirus-Haemophilus influenzae, adenovirus-Streptococcus pneumoniae, RSV-A-Bordetella pertussis, and influenza B Victoria-Bordetella parapertussis. Viruses were detected together at significantly lower rates. Notably, rhinovirus, influenza, and RSV exhibited significant negative correlations with each other. Co-detection was more prevalent in children aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.08.2024
Tilføjet 30.08.2024
Abstract Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of common respiratory tract infection pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of respiratory tract infection. Methods A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on 11,538 children with respiratory tract infections at Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2022 to November 2023. The types of respiratory tract infections, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections, as well as five respiratory pathogens: influenza A virus (influenza A), influenza B virus (influenza B virus, adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections, were analyzed and compared for different genders, ages, temperatures, and air quality in different months; And the changes of five pathogens in children with respiratory tract infections of different disease severity. Results From December 2022 to November 2023, a total of 11,538 children with respiratory infections were included in the analysis, including 6436 males and 5102 females, with an age of 4.92 ± 2.03 years. The proportion of upper respiratory tract infections is as high as 72.17%, and lower respiratory tract infections account for 27.83%. Among them, 2387 were positive for Flu A antigen, with a positive rate of 20.69%, 51 cases were positive for Flu B antigen, and the positive rate was 0.4%, 1296 cases were positive for adv antigen, with a positive rate of 11.23%, 868 cases were positive for RSV antigen, with a positive rate of 7.52%, 2481 cases were positive for MP IgM antibody or MP antigen, and the positive rate was 21.50%. Flu B in male children The infection rate of ADV and MP was higher than that of female children (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 24.08.2024
Tilføjet 24.08.2024
Abstract Older age and comorbid conditions increase risk for severe RSV. Skilled nursing (SNF) and assisted living (AL) facilities represent an intersection of risk factors. In a 3-year prospective study (Rochester, NY) we compared population-based incidence of RSV-associated hospitalization for community-dwelling, SNF and AL adults ≥65 years. Median age was 76, 83 and 86 years, respectively, and dementia and CHF more prevalent among SNF and assisted living residents. Average annual incidence was 117 (95%CI:104-132), 440 (95%CI:307-629) and 740/100,000 persons (95%CI:523-1045) for community-dwelling, SNF and AL adults ≥65 years, respectively, demonstrating need for unequivocal RSV vaccine recommendations in SNF and AL residents.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 21.08.2024
Tilføjet 21.08.2024
In 2023, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for people aged 60 years or older after they’d talked over the decision with their physician. Recently, the agency announced it is updating those guidelines for older adults. Now, people aged 75 years or older should receive a single dose of the RSV vaccine along with adults aged 60 years to 74 years who live in nursing homes or have chronic medical conditions including lung or heart disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 21.08.2024
Tilføjet 21.08.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection and hospitalizations among infants, young children, and the elderly. This systematic literature review aimed to summarize the epidemiological and economic burden estimates of RSV infection at any age in Germany. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search to identify full-text articles published from 2003 to 2023 and reporting data on the epidemiological or economic burden of RSV in Germany. Based on pre-specified eligibility criteria, data on incidence, rates of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admission, clinical manifestation, underlying conditions, seasonality, health care resource use and costs were extracted. Results After screening 315 full-text articles, we included 42 articles in the review. The characteristics of the included studies were heterogenous regarding study population, setting, age groups and RSV-related outcome measures. The most frequently reported epidemiological outcome measures were RSV detection rate (n = 33), followed by clinical manifestation (n = 19), seasonality (n = 18), and underlying conditions of RSV infection (n = 13). RSV detection rates were reported across heterogenous study populations, ranging from 5.2 to 55.4% in pediatric inpatient cases and from 2.9 to 14% in adult inpatient cases. All articles that reported RSV detection rates across several age groups demonstrated the highest burden in infants and young children. Few articles reported RSV-related outcome measures distinctively for the outpatient setting. Health care resource use, such as hospital length of stay, ICU admission rate and treatment of patients with RSV infection were described in 23 articles, of which only one study quantified associated costs from 1999 to 2003 for children ≤ 3 years. In-hospital ICU admission rates varied between 3.6 and 45%, depending on population characteristics as age and underlying conditions. Conclusions This systematic review revealed that RSV imposes substantial disease burden in infants, young children, and the elderly in Germany, whereby infants are particularly affected. To date, there has been limited exploration of the impact of RSV infection on healthy children or the elderly in Germany. Given their notably high reported burden in studies, the medical and economic RSV burden in these groups should move more into focus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIrene SahaAmanpreet Singh ChawlaAna Paula B. N. OliveiraEileen E. ElfersKathrynne WarrickHannah E. MeibersViral G. JainThomas HaganJonathan D. KatzChandrashekhar PasareaDivision of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229bCenter for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229cDivision of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229dImmunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220eMedical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229fDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294gDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.08.2024
Tilføjet 21.08.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 34, August 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHelen E. RichSimran BhutiaFrancina Gonzales de Los SantosGabrielle P. EntrupHelen I. Warheit-NiemiStephen J. GurczynskiMonica BameMichael T. DouglasSusan B. MorrisRachel L. ZemansNicholas W. LukacsBethany B. Moore1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA3Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USASunny Shin
Infection and Immunity, 17.08.2024
Tilføjet 17.08.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.08.2024
Tilføjet 15.08.2024
Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. However, studies on the prevalence of respiratory viruses among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming, China, are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens among children with acute respiratory infections in Kunming during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods Nasopharyngeal swab samples were collected from 4956 children with acute respiratory infections at Yunnan Provincial First People’s Hospital between January 2020 and December 2022, patients with COVID-19 were excluded from the study. Multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect respiratory pathogens. Results The frequency of respiratory pathogens among children was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2021 and 2022. The following pathogens had the highest prevalence rates (in descending order) from 2020 to 2022: HRV > RSV > PIV > ADV > MP; HRV > RSV > HADV > PIV > MP and HRV > Mp > HADV > H3N2 > HMPV. The overall frequency of respiratory pathogens exhibited an inverted U-shape with increasing age among the children. Human bocavirus, human parainfluenza virus, and human respiratory syncytial virus were the dominant respiratory viruses in children aged ≤ 3 years, whereas Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the dominant respiratory pathogen in children aged > 3 years. HRV has the highest prevalence and is the main pathogen of mixed infection. The prevalence of the influenza A virus has decreased significantly, whereas HRSV and Mp are found to be seasonal. Conclusions Our findings offer an objective evaluation of transmission dynamics and epidemiological shifts in respiratory pathogens during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Kunming, serving as a basis for informed decision-making, prevention, and treatment strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIrene SahaAmanpreet Singh ChawlaAna Paula B. N. OliveiraEileen E. ElfersKathrynne WarrickHannah E. MeibersViral G. JainThomas HaganJonathan D. KatzChandrashekhar PasareaDivision of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229bCenter for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229cDivision of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229dImmunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220eMedical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229fDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294gDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45220
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 14.08.2024
Tilføjet 14.08.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 34, August 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.08.2024
Tilføjet 7.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.08.2024
Tilføjet 6.08.2024
Abstract Background The objective of this study is to estimate the burden of selected immunization-preventable infectious diseases in Spain using the Burden of Communicable Diseases in Europe (BCoDE) methodology, as well as focusing on the national immunization programme and potential new inclusions. Methods The BCoDE methodology relies on an incidence and pathogen-based approach to calculate disease burden via disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates. It considers short and long-term sequelae associated to an infection via outcome trees. The BCoDE toolkit was used to populate those trees with Spanish-specific incidence estimates, and de novo outcome trees were developed for four infections (herpes zoster, rotavirus, respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], and varicella) not covered by the toolkit. Age/sex specific incidences were estimated based on data from the Spanish Network of Epidemiological Surveillance; hospitalisation and mortality rates were collected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. A literature review was performed to design the de novo models and obtain the rest of the parameters. The methodology, assumptions, data inputs and results were validated by a group of experts in epidemiology and disease modelling, immunization and public health policy. Results The total burden of disease amounted to 163.54 annual DALYs/100,000 population. Among the selected twelve diseases, respiratory infections represented around 90% of the total burden. Influenza exhibited the highest burden, with 110.00 DALYs/100,000 population, followed by invasive pneumococcal disease and RSV, with 25.20 and 10.57 DALYs/100,000 population, respectively. Herpes zoster, invasive meningococcal disease, invasive Haemophilus influenza infection and hepatitis B virus infection ranked lower with fewer than 10 DALYs/100,000 population each, while the rest of the infections had a limited burden (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 5.08.2024
Tilføjet 5.08.2024
Abstract Background We evaluated co-administration of adjuvanted seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-aQIV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) in ≥65-year-olds.Methods This phase 3, open-label trial randomized ≥65-year-olds to receive FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA concomitantly (Co-Ad) or sequentially, 1 month apart (Control). Primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA co-administration versus sequential administration in terms of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers for each FLU-aQIV strain and RSV-A and RSV-B neutralization titers, 1 month post-vaccination. Reactogenicity and safety were also assessed.Results Overall, 1045 participants were vaccinated (Co-Ad: 523; Control: 522). Non-inferiority of FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA co-administration versus sequential administration was demonstrated in terms of HI titers for the A/Victoria(H1N1), B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata influenza strains and RSV-A neutralization titers (upper limits [ULs] of 95% confidence intervals [CIs] for adjusted geometric mean titer [GMT] ratios [Control/Co-Ad] ≤1.50) but not for A/Darwin(H3N2) HI titers (95% CI UL = 1.53). The immune response to A/Darwin(H3N2) was further assessed post-hoc using a microneutralization assay; the post-vaccination adjusted GMT ratio (Control/Co-Ad) was 1.23 (95% CI: 1.06–1.42, ie, UL ≤1.50), suggesting an adequate immune response to A/Darwin(H3N2) following co-administration. RSV-B neutralization titers were comparable between groups (95% CI UL for adjusted GMT ratio ≤1.50). Solicited adverse events were mostly mild or moderate and transient; unsolicited and serious adverse event rates were balanced between groups.Conclusions Adjuvanted FLU-aQIV and RSVPreF3 OA had acceptable reactogenicity/safety profiles when co-administered in ≥65-year-olds, without clinically relevant interference with the immune responses to either vaccine.Clinical Trials Registration NCT05568797
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 5.08.2024
Tilføjet 5.08.2024
Abstract Background The adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein–based vaccine (RSVPreF3 OA) is approved in adults aged ≥60 years. We evaluated RSVPreF3 OA immunogenicity and safety in adults aged 50–59 years without or with increased risk for RSV disease due to specific chronic medical conditions.Methods This observer-blind, phase 3, noninferiority trial included adults aged 50–59 years, stratified into 2 subcohorts: those with and those without predefined, stable, chronic medical conditions leading to an increased risk for RSV disease. Participants in both subcohorts were randomized 2:1 to receive RSVPreF3 OA or placebo. A control group of adults aged ≥60 years received RSVPreF3 OA. Primary outcomes were RSV-A and RSV-B neutralization titers (geometric mean titer ratios and sero-response rate differences) 1 month post-vaccination in 50–59-year-olds versus ≥60-year-olds. Cell-mediated immunity and safety were also assessed.Results The exposed population included 1152 participants aged 50–59 years and 381 participants aged ≥60 years. RSVPreF3 OA was immunologically noninferior in 50–59-year-olds versus ≥60-year-olds; noninferiority criteria were met for RSV-A and RSV-B neutralization titers in those with and those without increased risk for RSV disease. Frequencies of RSVPreF3-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells increased substantially from pre- to 1 month post-vaccination. Most solicited adverse events had mild-to-moderate intensity and were transient. Unsolicited and serious adverse event rates were similar in all groups.Conclusions RSVPreF3 OA was immunologically noninferior in 50–59-year-olds compared to ≥60-year-olds, in whom efficacy was previously demonstrated. The safety profile in 50–59-year-olds was consistent with that in ≥60-year-olds.Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05590403.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYongru Xu, Fang Sun, Zhifang Bai, Chengrong Bian, Xiliang Wang, Zhongpeng Zhao, Penghui Yang
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.07.2024
Tilføjet 16.07.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.07.2024
Tilføjet 14.07.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in older adults. Optimizing diagnosis could improve understanding of RSV burden.Methods We enrolled adults ≥50 years of age hospitalized with ARI and adults of any age hospitalized with congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations at two hospitals during two respiratory seasons (2018-2020). We collected nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs (n=1558), acute and convalescent sera (n=568), and expectorated sputum (n=153) from participants, and recorded standard-of-care (SOC) NP results (n=805). We measured RSV antibodies by two immunoassays and performed BioFire testing on respiratory specimens.Results Of 1,558 eligible participants, 92 (5.9%) tested positive for RSV by any diagnostic method. Combined NP/OP PCR yielded 58 positives, while separate NP and OP testing identified 11 additional positives (18.9% increase). Compared to Study NP/OP PCR alone, the addition of paired serology increased RSV detection by 42.9% (28 vs 40) among those with both specimen types, while the addition of SOC swab RT-PCR results increased RSV detection by 25.9% (47 vs 59).Conclusions The addition of paired serology testing, SOC swab results, and separate testing of NP and OP swabs improved RSV diagnostic yield in hospitalized adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 8.07.2024
Tilføjet 8.07.2024
Abstract Background A single-dose investigational respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, RSV prefusion protein F3 (RSVPreF3), was co-administered with a single-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-D-QIV) in a phase 3, randomized, controlled, multicenter study in healthy, non-pregnant women aged 18–49 years.Methods The study was observer-blind to evaluate the lot-to-lot consistency of RSVPreF3, and single-blind to evaluate the immune response, safety, and reactogenicity of RSVPreF3 co-administered with FLU-D-QIV.Results A total of 1415 participants were included in the per-protocol set. There was a robust immune response at day 31 across each of the 3 RSVPreF3 vaccine lots; adjusted geometric mean concentration ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were 1.01 (0.91, 1.12), 0.93 (0.84, 1.03), and 0.92 (0.83, 1.02) for RSV1/RSV2, RSV1/RSV3, and RSV2/RSV3, respectively. For FLU-D-QIV co-administered with RSVPreF3, versus FLU-D-QIV alone at day 31, noninferiority was satisfied for 3 of 4 strains assessed, with the lower limit of the 95% CI for geometric mean ratio >0.67.Conclusions Immunogenic consistency was demonstrated for 3 separate lots of RSVPreF3. Immunogenic noninferiority was demonstrated when comparing FLU-D-QIV administered alone, versus co-administered with RSVPreF3, for 3 strains of FLU-D-QIV. Co-administration was well tolerated, and both vaccines had clinically acceptable safety and reactogenicity profiles.Clinical Trials Registration NCT05045144; EudraCT, 2021-000357-26
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.07.2024
Tilføjet 4.07.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory viral illnesses among children are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The aim of this study is to understand the seasonal pattern and surge of respiratory viruses among the Nicobarese tribe. Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from both ARI and SARI cases attended the BJR district hospital in Car Nicobar Island, India, between 2021 and 2022. Respiratory viruses were identified from the specimens by using the qRT-PCR assay. Meteorological parameters were collected and evaluated using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. The significant association between the surge of respiratory viruses and each climatic parameter was evaluated. Results In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 471 ILI cases were enrolled, and 209 of these were positive for respiratory viral infections. Of these respiratory virus infections, 201 (96.2%) were infected with a single respiratory virus infection, and 8 (3.8%) had mixed viral infections. Fever, cough, and chills were the most common symptoms of respiratory illness among this indigenous population. There was a significant link between respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness in children (below 5 years and 6 to 15 years). Conclusion This prevalence study revealed that viral respiratory infections were more common in children than adults. Among these respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV) and influenza B virus were predominantly reported among tribal children up to age five years. In the year 2021, these viruses were recorded frequently during the winter season. Climate factors such as high humidity, high precipitation, moderate temperature, and moderate rainfall are found to be correlated with respiratory viral infections. This study implicates important information for preventing a further outbreak of respiratory viral infections in Car Nicobar Island.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory viral illnesses among children are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. The aim of this study is to understand the seasonal pattern and surge of respiratory viruses among the Nicobarese tribe. Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from both ARI and SARI cases attended the BJR district hospital in Car Nicobar Island, India, between 2021 and 2022. Respiratory viruses were identified from the specimens by using the qRT-PCR assay. Meteorological parameters were collected and evaluated using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 21. The significant association between the surge of respiratory viruses and each climatic parameter was evaluated. Results In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 471 ILI cases were enrolled, and 209 of these were positive for respiratory viral infections. Of these respiratory virus infections, 201 (96.2%) were infected with a single respiratory virus infection, and 8 (3.8%) had mixed viral infections. Fever, cough, and chills were the most common symptoms of respiratory illness among this indigenous population. There was a significant link between respiratory viruses and influenza-like illness in children (below 5 years and 6 to 15 years). Conclusion This prevalence study revealed that viral respiratory infections were more common in children than adults. Among these respiratory viruses, respiratory syncytial virus A (RSV) and influenza B virus were predominantly reported among tribal children up to age five years. In the year 2021, these viruses were recorded frequently during the winter season. Climate factors such as high humidity, high precipitation, moderate temperature, and moderate rainfall are found to be correlated with respiratory viral infections. This study implicates important information for preventing a further outbreak of respiratory viral infections in Car Nicobar Island.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Abstract Background We conducted a global comprehensive literature review of observational studies reporting RSV incidence in adults and determined current evidence gaps.Methods PubMed and Embase were searched for English-language publications (2000-2022) and congress abstracts (2019-2021) reporting RSV incidence rates/cumulative incidence. Cross-sectional studies, case series, and other designs estimating only RSV frequency were excluded. The search included all geographic areas; data were extracted by age group and underlying condition where available.Results 528 potentially relevant records were identified, of which 37 primary studies were relevant to this review. Most evidence was from high-income regions. Approximately two-thirds of the studies reported RSV incidence in the hospital setting. Fifteen studies included or focused exclusively on RSV incidence in adult populations with underlying conditions. Studies varied in their measurement and presentation of incidence. RSV incidence estimates were highly variable within and between geographic regions. Overall, RSV incidence tended to increase with age and was highest in adults with underlying conditions.Conclusion Estimates of RSV incidence are highly variable across populations and geographies. Further population-based studies with well-defined consistent case definitions and surveillance strategies are needed for accurate and comparable estimates of RSV incidence, particularly in the geographic regions identified by the gap analysis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngela Dramowski, Pavel Prusakov, Debra A. Goff, Adrian Brink, Nelesh P. Govender, Ama Sakoa Annor, Liezl Balfour, Adrie Bekker, Azraa Cassim, Michelle Gijzelaar, Sandi L. Holgate, Sonya Kolman, Angeliki Messina, Hafsah Tootla, Natalie Schellack, Andriette van Jaarsveld, Kessendri Reddy, Shakti Pillay, Lucinda Conradie, Anika M. van Niekerk, Tarina Bester, Pearl Alexander, Antoinette Andrews, Magdel Dippenaar, Colleen Bamford, Sharnel Brits, Pinky Chirwa, Hannelie Erasmus, Pieter Ekermans, Pebenita Gounden, Teresa Kriel, Dini Mawela, Masego Moncho, Tonia Mphuthi, Ronald Nhari, Esmita Charani, Pablo J. Sánchez, Dena van den Bergh, NeoAMS Study Team
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
This neonatal AMS programme was successfully implemented in heterogenous and resource-limited settings. Pharmacist-recommended AMS interventions had high rates of clinician acceptance. The NeoAMS intervention significantly reduced neonatal antibiotic use, particularly for culture-negative sepsis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShuyu Deng, Bingbing Cong, Madeleine Edgoose, Femke De Wit, Harish Nair, You Li
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2024
Tilføjet 29.06.2024
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral pathogen identified in children with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), posing a substantial public health burden worldwide [1,2]. It is estimated that there were 33.0 million RSV-ALRI episodes among children younger than 5 years globally in 2019, of which 3.6 million were hospitalised, and up to 101 400 deaths could be attributed to RSV [3]. In addition to proximal acute health events, growing evidence has shown that RSV-ALRI in early life is associated with an increased risk of long-term respiratory diseases, including recurrent wheezing, asthma, impaired lung function, and even with premature adult death from respiratory disease [4-7].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.06.2024
Tilføjet 27.06.2024
Abstract Background Annual epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) had consistent timing and intensity between seasons prior to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19). However, starting in April 2020, RSV seasonal activity declined due to COVID-19 non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) before re-emerging after relaxation of NPIs. We described the unusual patterns of RSV epidemics that occurred in multiple subsequent waves following COVID-19 in different countries and explored factors associated with these patterns. Methods Weekly cases of RSV from twenty-eight countries were obtained from the World Health Organisation and combined with data on country-level characteristics and the stringency of the COVID-19 response. Dynamic time warping and regression were used to cluster time series patterns and describe epidemic characteristics before and after COVID-19 pandemic, and identify related factors. Results While the first wave of RSV epidemics following pandemic suppression exhibited unusual patterns, the second and third waves more closely resembled typical RSV patterns in many countries. Post-pandemic RSV patterns differed in their intensity and/or timing, with several broad patterns across the countries. The onset and peak timings of the first and second waves of RSV epidemics following COVID-19 suppression were earlier in the Southern than Northern Hemisphere. The second wave of RSV epidemics was also earlier with higher population density, and delayed if the intensity of the first wave was higher. More stringent NPIs were associated with lower RSV growth rate and intensity and a shorter gap between the first and second waves. Conclusion Patterns of RSV activity have largely returned to normal following successive waves in the post-pandemic era. Onset and peak timings of future epidemics following disruption of normal RSV dynamics need close monitoring to inform the delivery of preventive and control measures.
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