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Infectious Disease Modelling, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 1 May 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): C. Hameni Nkwayep, R. Glèlè Kakaï, S. Bowong
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlex J. Holloway, Tais B. Saito, Kubra F. Naqvi, Matthew B. Huante, Xiuzhen Fan, Joshua G. Lisinicchia, Benjamin B. Gelman, Janice J. Endsley and Mark A. Endsley
Retrovirology, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
The study of HIV infection and pathogenicity in physical reservoirs requires a biologically relevant model. The human immune system (HIS) mouse is an established model of HIV infection, but defects in immune t...
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSteven K. GrinspoonMassachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA sgrinspoon@mgh.harvard.edu, Heather J. RibaudoHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Pamela S. DouglasDuke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
New England Journal of Medicine, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 17, Page 1626-1628, May 2, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 1 May 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Matthew P. Mulè, Andrew J. Martins, Foo Cheung, Rohit Farmer, Brian A. Sellers, Juan A. Quiel, Arjun Jain, Yuri Kotliarov, Neha Bansal, Jinguo Chen, Pamela L. Schwartzberg, John S. Tsang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 1 May 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Alexander D. Gitlin, Allie Maltzman, Yuzuka Kanno, Klaus Heger, Rohit Reja, Alexander F. Schubert, Linsey J. Wierciszewski, Homer Pantua, Sharookh B. Kapadia, Seth F. Harris, Joshua D. Webster, Kim Newton, Vishva M. Dixit
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Within a year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, vaccines inducing a robust humoral and cellular immune response were implemented worldwide. However, emergence of novel variants and waning vaccine induced immunity led to implementation of additional vaccine boosters.Methods This prospective study evaluated the temporal profile of cellular and serological responses in a cohort of 639 SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated participants, of whom a large proportion experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection. All participants were infection naïve at the time of their first vaccine dose. Proportions of SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific T cells were determined after each vaccine dose using the Activation Induced Markers (AIM) assay, while levels of circulating SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were determined by the Meso Scale serology assay.Results We found a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses following the third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine as well as enhanced CD8+ T cell responses after the fourth dose. Further, increased age was associated with a poorer response. Finally, we observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection boosts both the cellular and humoral immune response, relative to vaccine-induced immunity alone.Conclusion Our findings highlight the boosting effect on T cell immunity of repeated vaccine administration. The combination of multiple vaccine doses and SARS-CoV-2 infections maintains population T cell immunity although with reduced levels in the elderly.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background We explored the impact of prior Yellow fever (YF) or Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination on the efficacy of Takeda’s dengue vaccine candidate, TAK-003 (NCT02747927).Methods Children 4–16 years of age were randomized 2:1 to receive TAK-003 or placebo and were under active febrile surveillance. Symptomatic dengue was confirmed by serotype-specific RT-PCR. YF and JE vaccination history was recorded.Results Of the 20,071 children who received TAK-003 or placebo, 21.1% had a YF and 23.9% had a JE vaccination history at randomization. Fifty-seven months after vaccination, vaccine efficacy was 55.7% (95% CI, 39.7%-67.5%) in those with YF vaccination, 77.8% (70.8%-83.1%) for JE vaccination, and 53.5% (45.4%-60.4%) for no prior YF/JE vaccination. Regional differences in serotype distribution confound these results. The apparent higher vaccine efficacy in the JE vaccination subgroup could be largely explained by serotype-specific efficacy of TAK-003. Within 28 days of any vaccination, the proportions of participants with serious adverse events in the YF/JE prior vaccination population were comparable between the TAK-003 and placebo groups.Conclusions The available data do not suggest a clinically relevant impact of prior JE or YF vaccination on TAK-003 performance. Overall, TAK-003 was well-tolerated and efficacious in different epidemiological settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Nipah virus (NiV), a highly lethal virus in humans, circulates in Pteropus bats throughout South and Southeast Asia. Difficulty in obtaining viral genomes from bats means we have a poor understanding of NiV diversity.Methods We develop phylogenetic approaches applied to the most comprehensive collection of genomes to date (N=257, 175 from bats, 73 from humans) from six countries over 22 years (1999-2020). We divide the four major NiV sublineages into 15 genetic clusters. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation fit to a spatial signature of viral diversity, we estimate the presence and the average size of genetic clusters per area.Results We find that, within any bat roost, there are an average of 2.4 co-circulating genetic clusters, rising to 5.5 clusters at areas of 1500-2000km2. We estimate that each genetic cluster occupies an average area of 1.3million km2 (95%CI: 0.6-2.3 million), with 14 clusters in an area of 100,000km2 (95%CI: 6-24). In the few sites in Bangladesh and Cambodia where genomic surveillance has been concentrated, we estimate that most clusters have been identified, but only ∼15% of overall NiV diversity has been uncovered.Conclusion Our findings are consistent with entrenched co-circulation of distinct lineages, even within roosts, coupled with slow migration over larger spatial scales.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
antibiofilm agentsantimicrobial resistancebacterial vaginosisbiofilmvaginitis
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is difficult to eradicate due to BV biofilms protecting BV bacteria (Gardnerella, Prevotella, and other genera). With the growing understanding of biofilms, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the efficacy of anti-BV biofilm agents.Methods We searched literature in the Scopus, Medline, and Embase databases for empirical studies investigating substances for the treatment of BV biofilms or prevention of their recurrence and their efficacy and/or safety.Results Of 201 unique titles, 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Most studies (89%) reported on preclinical laboratory research on the efficacy of experimental antibiofilm agents (80%) rather than their safety. Over 50% were published within the past 5 years. Agents were classified into 7 groups: antibiotics, antiseptics, cationic peptides, enzymes, plant extracts, probiotics, and surfactants/surfactant components. Enzymes and probiotics were most commonly investigated. Earlier reports of antibiotics having anti-BV biofilm activity have not been confirmed. Some compounds from other classes demonstrated promising anti-BV biofilm efficacy in early studies.Conclusions Further research is anticipated on successful antibiofilm agents. If confirmed as effective and safe in human clinical trials, they may offer a breakthrough in BV treatment. With rising antibiotic resistance, antibiofilm agents will significantly improve the current standard of care for BV management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Rotavirus is linked to severe childhood gastroenteritis and neurological complications, but its impact on neurodevelopment remains uncertain. We examined data from 1,420,941 Korean children born between 2009 and 2011, using the Korean National Health Insurance System. At age 6, we assessed neurodevelopmental outcomes using the validated Korean Developmental Test, covering six major domains. Utilizing propensity score-based Inverse Probability Weighting to ensure covariates including considering covariates including sex, birth weight, changes in body weight from birth to 4–6 months of age, head circumference at 4–6 months of age, residence at birth, economic status, infant feeding types, and birth year. The main analysis that encompassed 5,451 children with rotavirus hospitalization and 310,874 unexposed individuals reveled heightened odds of suspected delays in fine motor skills and cognition among exposed children. Our results suggest an association between rotavirus-related hospitalization in infancy and suspected delays in fine motor function and cognition in 6-year-olds.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children and older adults. Yet knowledge on the development of pneumococcal protein-specific antibody responses throughout life is limited. To investigate this, we measured serum IgG levels to 55 pneumococcal proteins in 11-month old infants (n=73), 24-month old children (n=101), parents (n=99), adults without children 60 years (n=100). Our findings revealed low IgG levels in infancy, with distinct development patterns peaking in adults. A decrease in levels was observed for 27 antigens towards older age. Adults and older adults had increased IgG levels during pneumococcal carriage and at increased exposure risk to S. pneumoniae. Carriage was a stronger predictor than exposure or age for antibody responses. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of naturally acquired humoral immunity to pneumococcal proteins throughout life, offering insights for age-targeted interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of effective vaccination strategies in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has demonstrated high efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infection in the general population. However, the efficacy of this vaccine in patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies, such as common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), should be closely monitored. CVID and XLA are rare genetic disorders that impair the immune system\'s ability to produce antibodies, which are crucial for fighting infections. Patients with these disorders have a higher risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 due to their compromised immune systems. In this study, we evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses after four doses of mRNA-1273 and one BNT162b2 bivalent vaccine in a cohort of patients with CVID and XLA. The response in this population was lower than in the control group. However, the administration of the third dose improved the number of patients with seroconversion and the intensity of the humoral response, as well as the number of patients with a positive cellular response. Finally, the administration of the fourth and fifth doses improves the antibody titer and neutralization against wild type variant, but not against the prevalent XBB1.5 variant.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Existing research in Ethiopia has primarily focused on the individual epidemiology of HIV and HBV, often overlooking the intricate dynamics of co-infection. This study aims to address this gap by comprehensively exploring the prevalence of HBV and HIV co-infection and the associated factors influencing co-infection rates within the specific context of ART clinics. The existing study provides limited insights into the unique challenges posed by this dual infection in the Ethiopian population receiving ART. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among people living with HIV aged 18 years and above attending ART clinics in northeast Ethiopia from April to May 2022. A sample size of 350(97% response rate) participants was selected by using a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Data was entered into Epi Data version software and was exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Descriptive statistics using Frequency, proportion, and summary measures were done. Binary logistic regressions were done to identify independent variables associated with HBV infection among HIV patients. A P-value less than 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval non-inclusive of one was considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) was identified constituting 7.14% of the study population. Females [AOR] 0.14; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [0.041–0.478]). Participants with an educational status of only reading and writing (AOR 8.7; 95% CI [1.143–66.5]). Single individuals (AOR 2.04; 95% CI [1.346–28.6]) were associated factors. Moreover, participants with a viral load exceeding 1000 copies/ml were 6.5 times more likely to be infected with HBV compared to those with undetectable viral loads (AOR 6.53, 95% CI [1.87–22.72]). Additionally, individuals with a CD4 count ranging from 351 to 500 cells/ml were 1.2 times more likely to be infected with HBV compared to those with a CD4 count of 500 cells/ml or above (AOR 10.4, 95% CI [1.28-85]). Conclusion The prevalence of HBV infection was found to be intermediate in HIV-infected patients in the study area. Being male, marital status of single and divorced, educational level was only read and written, current viral load of > 1000 copies/ml &
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background It has become increasingly clear that SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to persistent physical and mental health problems lasting weeks or months, requiring prolonged periods of clinical care and increasing the burden on the healthcare system. This phenomenon, known as post COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), is a relatively new condition, its incidence is still unclear and differs between studies. Objectives In this cohort study, we aimed to estimate the incidence of PCS and to identify its risk factors in the Tunisian population. Methods This is a prospective cohort study that enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the triage unit of the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia. between April 2021 and June 2022. Patients were contacted by phone for a follow-up evaluation of PCS 12- weeks after the diagnosis date. Results A total of 1451 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period, responded to the follow-up evaluation after 3 months. The incidence of PCS was found to be 44.03% (95% CI [41.47; 46.58]), with fatigue being the most common symptom (21.5%), followed by cognitive impairment (10.3%), including memory loss and difficulty concentrating. Multivariate analysis revealed that the main associated factors to PCS were female gender (RR = 1.54; CI95% [1.30 - 1.82]), pre-existing comorbidities (RR = 1.30; CI95% [1.10 - 1.52]), duration of acute COVID-19 illness (days) (RR = 1.02; CI95% [1.01 - 1.03]), hospitalization (RR = 1.27; CI95% [1.05 - 1.53]), number of COVID-19 episodes (RR = 1.46; CI 95% [1.28 - 1.67]) and patients having receive two or more doses of vaccine prior to COVID-19 infection (RR = 0.82; CI95% [0.70 - 0.96]). Conclusion Our study allowed to estimate the incidence and identify risk factors of PCS. Recognizing these factors could help to better understand the underlying mechanisms and guide interventions for prevention and management of this condition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a life-threatening bacterium known for its rapid development of antibiotic resistance, posing significant challenges in clinical treatment, biosecurity, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Early and accurate identification of P. aeruginosa is crucial for effective intervention. Methods The lasB gene of P. aeruginosa was selected as the target for the detection. RPA primers for recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and crRNA for CRISPR/Cas12a detection were meticulously designed to target specific regions within the lasB gene. The specificity of the RPA/CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform was assessed using 15 strains. The detection limit of RPA/CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform was determined by utilizing a pseudo-dilution series of the P. aeruginosa DNA. The practical applicability of the RPA/CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform was validated by comparing it with qPCR on 150 samples (35 processed meat product samples, 55 cold seasoned vegetable dishes, 60 bottled water samples). Results The RPA/CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform demonstrates high specificity, with no cross-reactivity with non-P. aeruginosa strains. This assay exhibits remarkable sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 copies/µL for fluorescence assay and 101 copies/µL for the LFTS method. Furthermore, the performance of the RPA/CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform is comparable to that of the well-established qPCR method, while offering advantages such as shorter reaction time, simplified operation, and reduced equipment requirements. Conclusions The RPA/CRISPR/Cas12a detection platform presents a straightforward, accurate, and sensitive approach for early P. aeruginosa detection and holds great promise for diverse applications requiring rapid and reliable identification.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of nosocomial infections in humans. This study aimed to molecularly characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter species isolated from surgical site infections (SSI). Methods A multicentre cross-sectional study was performed among SSI patients at four hospitals located in Northern, Southern, Southwest, and Central parts of Ethiopia. The isolates were identified by microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion. The presence of phenotypic ESBL and carbapenemase production was detected by employing standard microbiological tests, including combined disk diffusion (CDT). ESBL and carbapenem resistance determinants genes were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Results A total of 8.7% Acinetobacter species were identified from 493 culture-positive isolates out of 752 SSI wounds. The species identified by MALDI-TOF MS were 88.4% A. baumannii, 4.7% Acinetobacter pittii, 4.7% Acinetobacter soli, and 2.3% Acinetobacter lactucae. Of all isolates 93% were positive for ESBL enzymes according to the CDT. Using whole genome sequencing 62.8% of the A. baumannii harbored one or more beta-lactamase genes, and 46.5% harbored one or more carbapenemase producing genes. The distribution of beta-lactamases among Acinetobacter species by hospitals was 53.8%, 64.3%, 75%, and 75% at JUSH, TASH, DTCSH, and HUCSH respectively. Among ESBL genes, blaCTX−M alleles were detected in 21.4% of isolates; of these 83.3% were blaCTX−M−15. The predominant carbapenemase gene of blaOXA type was detected in 24 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii followed by blaNDM alleles carried in 12 A. baumannii with blaNDM−1 as the most common. Conclusions The frequency of Acinetobacter species that produce metallobetalactamases (MBLs) and ESBLs that were found in this study is extremely scary and calls for strict infection prevention and control procedures in health facilities helps to set effective antibiotics stewardship.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background The sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in the placenta, and the resulting inflammatory response affects maternal and child health. Despite existing information, little is known about the direct impact of P. falciparum on the placental barrier formed by trophoblast and villous stroma. This study aimed to assess placental tissue damage caused by P. falciparum in human placental explants (HPEs). Methods HPEs from chorionic villi obtained of human term placentas (n = 9) from normal pregnancies were exposed to P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) for 24 h. HPEs were embedded in paraffin blocks and used to study tissue damage through histopathological and histochemical analysis and apoptosis using TUNEL staining. Culture supernatants were collected to measure cytokine and angiogenic factors and to determine LDH activity as a marker of cytotoxicity. A subset of archived human term placenta paraffin-embedded blocks from pregnant women with malaria were used to confirm ex vivo findings. Results Plasmodium falciparum-IE significantly damages the trophoblast layer and the villous stroma of the chorionic villi. The increased LDH activity and pathological findings such as syncytial knots, fibrin deposits, infarction, trophoblast detachment, and collagen disorganization supported these findings. The specific damage to the trophoblast and the thickening of the subjacent basal lamina were more pronounced in the ex vivo infection. In contrast, apoptosis was higher in the in vivo infection. This disparity could be attributed to the duration of exposure to the infection, which significantly varied between individuals naturally exposed over time and the 24-h exposure in the ex vivo HPE model. Conclusion Exposure to P. falciparum-IE induces a detachment of the syncytiotrophoblast, disorganization of the stroma villi, and an increase in apoptosis, alterations that may be associated with adverse results such as intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Background Malaria has remained a persistent global health problem. Despite multiple government and donor initiatives to eradicate malaria and its detrimental effects on Uganda\'s health outcomes, the incidence of malaria is worrying as it appears higher than the average of 219 cases per 1000 for sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2017–2018. This study investigated the effect of public and private healthcare spending on the incidence of malaria in Uganda. Methods Employing time series data spanning over 20 years from the first quarter of 2000 to the last quarter of 2019, the study builds a model based on the Grossman framework for analysing demand for health. The estimation technique used was the ARDL approach that takes into account reverse causality and incidental relationships. Prior to the adoption of the technique, a bounds test was performed to determine whether the variables contained in the model have a long-term relationship. Several diagnostic tests for serial correlation, functional normality, and heteroskedastic specification error were carried out to verify the ARDL model\'s goodness of fit. Additionally, the cumulative sum of recursive (CUSUM) and cumulative sum of squares of recursive residuals (CUSUMSQ) were used to test model stability. Results The results indicate that in the long run, an increase in public spending of one percent significantly reduces malaria incidence by 0.196 at the 10 percent level of significance. On the other hand, there is no significant evidence of private health expenditure\'s effect on malaria incidence. However, in the short run, public spending reduces malaria incidence by a smaller magnitude of 0.158 percent relative to the long-run. Still, private expenditure is found to exhibit no significant effect. Additional findings point to the importance of GDP per capita and urban population growth in reducing malaria incidence, whereas female unemployment, income inequality, as well as female-headed household. In the short run, however, the female-headed households and urban population growth are found to significantly reduce malaria incidence while an improvement in regulatory quality decreases malaria incidence by 0.129 percent. Conclusions There is need for further government interventions to reduce malaria incidence in the country via budget allocation, as well as the strengthening of programmes to raise household income to support private health spending, in addition to the development of strategies to promote well-planned and organized urban centres.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Abstract Objectives Mastitis is mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria and usually involves treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics and clindamycin. Oxazolidinones show good results in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) due to its pharmacokinetic characteristics. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients who received oxazolidinones for the treatment of SSTIs of the mammary tissue. Methods Retrospective single-centre study of patients with a diagnosis of breast infection who received treatment with oxazolidinones as initial or salvage therapy between September 2016 and November 2022. Patients were identified through the pharmacy database. The primary outcome was clinical cure. Results Twenty-nine patients received oxazolidinones: 27 received linezolid and 2 tedizolid. Median age was 41 years (IQR 31.0–56.5) and 28 patients were female. Ten patients (35%) had a history of breast cancer, while three (10%) had an immunosuppressive condition. Microbiological isolation was obtained in 24 individuals (83%). Predominant isolations were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (8, 28%) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (7, 24%). Twenty-four patients (83%) received oxazolidinones as a salvage therapy, with a median duration of 14 days (IQR 10–17). Clinical cure was achieved in 24 patients (83%), while 4 relapsed after a median of 15 days (IQR 4–34). One was lost to follow-up. Three patients (10%) were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and one of them concurrently received linezolid for 4 days with no adverse events recorded. Cytopenia during treatment was observed in 2/12 individuals. Oxazolidinones allowed hospital discharge in 11/13 hospitalized patients. Conclusions Oxazolidinones could be considered as an alternative for treating breast infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMelina RuggieroIvan Briceño MuñozGabriel GutkindAndrea M. HujerRobert A. BonomoPablo Power1Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Buenos Aires, Argentina2Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina3Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, Ohio, USA4Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA5Clinician Scientist Investigator, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA6Departments of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA7CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Pranita D. Tamma
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Tobias Krogh NielsenIda Birkjær PetersenLijuan XuMaria Disen BarbutiViktor MebusAnni JusthAbdulelah Ahmed AlqarzaeeNicolas JacquesCécile OuryVinai ThomasMorten KjosCamilla HenriksenDorte Frees1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark2Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway3Center for Staphylococcal Research, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA4Laboratory of Cardiology, GIGA Institute, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium, Benjamin P. Howden
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Wei YuYanan JuXingli HanXirong TianJie DingShuai WangH. M. Adnan HameedYamin GaoLei LiYongguo LiNanshan ZhongTianyu Zhang1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China2Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China3China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China4Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China5Division of Life Science and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China6Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China7Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China8Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of Guangzhou JOYO Pharma Ltd., Shanghai, China9State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Yong XIANG, Yaning FENG, Jinghong QIU, Ruoyu ZHANG, Hon-Cheong SO
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
More than 676 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and >6.8 million fatalities have been reported as of 3-Oct-2023 (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Despite the rapid development of vaccines, vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge due to concerns about adverse effects and exacerbation of existing conditions[1]. Initial reports of fatalities following COVID-19 vaccination raised safety concerns[2], but no direct evidence so far links vaccination to increased mortality risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLenti, M. V., Ballesio, A., Croce, G., Brera, A. S., Padovini, L., Bertolino, G., Di Sabatino, A., Klersy, C., Corazza, G. R.
BMJ Open, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
ObjectivesThere are no data regarding the prevalence of comorbidity (ie, additional conditions in reference to an index disease) and multimorbidity (ie, co-occurrence of multiple diseases in which no one holds priority) in patients with liver cirrhosis. We sought to determine the rate and differences between comorbidity and multimorbidity depending on the aetiology of cirrhosis. DesignThis is a subanalysis of the San MAtteo Complexity (SMAC) study. We have analysed demographic, clinical characteristics and rate of comorbidity/multimorbidity of patients with liver cirrhosis depending on the aetiology—alcoholic, infectious and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A multivariable analysis for factors associated with multimorbidity was fitted. SettingSingle-centre, cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary referral, academic, internal medicine ward in northern Italy (November 2017–November 2019). ParticipantsData from 1433 patients previously enrolled in the SMAC study were assessed; only those with liver cirrhosis were eventually included. ResultsOf the 1433 patients, 172 (median age 79 years, IQR 67–84; 83 females) had liver cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis displayed higher median Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) comorbidity (4, IQR 3–5; p=0.01) and severity (1.85, IQR 16.–2.0; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTrager, R. J., Cupler, Z. A., Srinivasan, R., Casselberry, R. M., Perez, J. A., Dusek, J. A.
BMJ Open, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
ObjectivesPatients receiving chiropractic spinal manipulation (CSM) for low back pain (LBP) are less likely to receive any opioid prescription for subsequent pain management. However, the likelihood of specifically being prescribed tramadol, a less potent opioid, has not been explored. We hypothesised that adults receiving CSM for newly diagnosed radicular LBP would be less likely to receive a tramadol prescription over 1-year follow-up, compared with those receiving usual medical care. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingUS medical records-based dataset including >115 million patients attending academic health centres (TriNetX, Inc), queried 9 November 2023. ParticipantsOpioid-naive adults aged 18–50 with a new diagnosis of radicular LBP were included. Patients with serious pathology and tramadol use contraindications were excluded. Variables associated with tramadol prescription were controlled via propensity matching. InterventionsPatients were divided into two cohorts dependent on treatment received on the index date of radicular LBP diagnosis (CSM or usual medical care). Primary and secondary outcome measuresRisk ratio (RR) for tramadol prescription (primary); markers of usual medical care utilisation (secondary). ResultsAfter propensity matching, there were 1171 patients per cohort (mean age 35 years). Tramadol prescription was significantly lower in the CSM cohort compared with the usual medical care cohort, with an RR (95% CI) of 0.32 (0.18 to 0.57; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRamboarina, S., Crucitti, T., Gill, K., Bekker, L. G., Harding-Esch, E. M., van de Wijgert, J. H. H. M., Huynh, B.-T., Fortas, C., Harimanana, A., Mayouya Gamana, T., Randremanana, R. V., Mangahasimbola, R., Dziva Chikwari, C., Kranzer, K., Mackworth-Young, C. R. S., Bernays, S., Thomas, N., Anderson, D., Tanko, F. R., Manhanzva, M., Lurie, M., Khumalo, F., Sinanovic, E., Honda, A., Pidwell, T., Francis, S. C., Masson, L., Passmore, J.-A., the GIFT study group, Kpokiri, Meyer, Radebe, Lombard, Mehou-Loko, Ganief, Daniels, Madikida, Mahlangu, Mwaturura, Chisenga, Chipanga, Bandason, Makunyire, Mhangami, Karumazondo, Naidoo, Webb, Mungur, Uys, Uys, Smith, Marias, Rasoanandrianina, Ravoavison, Rakotonirina, Razakarivony, Randria, Rahantarimalala, Rafetrarivony, Bernardson, Rasolofomanana, Randriamange, Nomenjanahary, Rabarisoa, Rasoloson, Raveloson, Randrianantenaina, Rakotonindriana, Voanarivolalao, Ranarinandra, Machinga
BMJ Open, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
IntroductionA prototype lateral flow device detecting cytokine biomarkers interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β has been developed as a point-of-care test—called the Genital InFlammation Test (GIFT)—for detecting genital inflammation associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and/or bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women. In this paper, we describe the rationale and design for studies that will be conducted in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Madagascar to evaluate the performance of GIFT and how it could be integrated into routine care. Methods and analysisWe will conduct a prospective, multidisciplinary, multicentre, cross-sectional and observational clinical study comprising two distinct components: a biomedical (‘diagnostic study’) and a qualitative, modelling and economic (‘an integration into care study’) part. The diagnostic study aims to evaluate GIFT’s performance in identifying asymptomatic women with discharge-causing STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG)) and BV. Study participants will be recruited from women attending research sites and family planning services. Several vaginal swabs will be collected for the evaluation of cytokine concentrations (ELISA), STIs (nucleic acid amplification tests), BV (Nugent score) and vaginal microbiome characteristics (16S rRNA gene sequencing). The first collected vaginal swab will be used for the GIFT assay which will be performed in parallel by a healthcare worker in the clinic near the participant, and by a technician in the laboratory. The integration into care study aims to explore how GIFT could be integrated into routine care. Four activities will be conducted: user experiences and/or perceptions of the GIFT device involving qualitative focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders; discrete choice experiments; development of a decision tree classification algorithm; and economic evaluation of defined management algorithms. Ethics and disseminationFindings will be reported to participants, collaborators and local government for the three sites, presented at national and international conferences, and disseminated in peer-reviewed publications. The protocol and all study documents such as informed consent forms were reviewed and approved by the University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC reference 366/2022), Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/A/2966), Comité d’Ethique pour la Recherche Biomédicale de Madagascar (N° 143 MNSAP/SG/AMM/CERBM) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine ethics committee (LSHTM reference 28046). Before the start, this study was submitted to the Clinicaltrials.gov public registry (NCT05723484). Trial registration number NCT05723484.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid N. O’Dwyer, John S. Kim, Shwu-Fan Ma, Piyush Ranjan, Promi Das, Jay H. Lipinski, Joseph D. Metcalf, Nicole R. Falkowski, Eric Yow, Kevin Anstrom, Robert P. Dickson, Yong Huang, Jack A. Gilbert, Fernando J. Martinez, Imre Noth
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 9, Page 1101-1110, May 1, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStephen M. Humphries, Devlin Thieke, David Baraghoshi, Matthew J. Strand, Jeffrey J. Swigris, Kum Ju Chae, Hye Jeon Hwang, Andrea S. Oh, Kevin R. Flaherty, Ayodeji Adegunsoye, Renea Jablonski, Cathryn T. Lee, Aliya N. Husain, Jonathan H. Chung, Mary E. Strek, David A. Lynch
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 9, Page 1121-1131, May 1, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEileen M. Harder, Fereidoun Abtin, Pietro Nardelli, Adam Brownstein, Richard N. Channick, George R. Washko, Jonathan Goldin, Raúl San José Estépar, Farbod N. Rahaghi, Rajan Saggar
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 9, Page 1170-1173, May 1, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 968-970
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 971-978
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 979-988
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 989-993
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 994-998
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 999-1005
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 1006-1009
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 1010-1013
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 1014-1020
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 1021-1028
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 1029-1038
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 1039-1045
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 1046-1056
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 845-1056
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed