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44 emner vises.
Jun Miyata, Hirotomo Yamanashi, Yoshinori Dake, Kenichi Nobusue, Yusuke Doi, Yukiko Honda, Fumiaki Nonaka, Kazuhiko Arima, Mami Tamai, Daisuke Sasaki, Yuji Shimizu, Hiroo Hasegawa, Takashi Kitaoka, Katsunori Yanagihara, Kiyoshi Aoyagi, Atsushi Kawakami, Takahiro Maeda
Journal of Medical Virology, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Daniela Loconsole, Francesca Centrone, Anna Sallustio, Daniele Casulli, Riccardo Zagaria, Davide Sacco, Vito Colella, Nelhudoff Albano, Desiree Caselli, Fabio Cardinale, Paola Giordano, Ignazio Lofù, Nicola Laforgia, Maria Chironna
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Between 2022 and 2023, a new variant of Echovirus 11 (E11) caused fatal neonatal infections in Europe [1,2]. In France, nine cases occurred in premature infants from twin pregnancies, and seven of them died [1]. In April 2023, two cases of severe E11 neonatal infection in non-identical late-preterm twins were reported in Italy; the strain identified in these cases showed 99% nucleotide identity with the E11 strains reported in France [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSean X. Zhang, Monica I. Ardura, Sarah Y. Park
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
We were made aware of comments on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter) regarding the peer-review process on our publication in CMI [1], questioning the value and quality of collaborative work between academia and industry. We appreciate the opportunity to clarify what may have been incorrect perceptions believing this manuscript to be a biased and paid submission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKuan FengBenjamin Bendiwhobel UshieHaiyan ZhangShu LiFei DengHualin WangYun-Jia Ninga Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Chinab State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Chinac Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety and Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Chinad University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chinae Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women & Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Virulence, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Priya Venkatesan
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
With recent studies showing nirsevimab infant immunisation significantly reduced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospital admissions, and a maternal vaccine associated with significantly fewer RSV infections in infants, the outlook for RSV prevention in children is encouraging.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJue Tao Lim, Somya Bansal, Chee Seng Chong, Borame Dickens, Youming Ng, Lu Deng, Caleb Lee, Li Yun Tan, Grace Chain, Pei Ma, Shuzhen Sim, Cheong Huat Tan, Alex R Cook, Lee Ching Ng
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Our results demonstrated the potential of Wolbachia-mediated incompatible insect technique for strengthening dengue control in tropical cities, where dengue burden is the greatest.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexander Kay, Anca Vasiliu, Lucia Carratala-Castro, Bariki Mtafya, Jose Euberto Mendez Reyes, Nontobeko Maphalala, Shilzia Munguambe, Durbbin Mulengwa, Tara Ness, Belen Saavedra, Jason Bacha, Gugu Maphalala, Rojelio Mejia, Godwin Mtetwa, Sozinho Acacio, Patricia Manjate, Edson Mambuque, Nosisa Shiba, Nokwanda Kota, Mangaliso Ziyane, Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Christoph Lange, H Lester Kirchner, Andrew R DiNardo, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Stool4TB Global Partnership
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
In this study, a novel qPCR for the diagnosis of tuberculosis from stool specimens had a higher accuracy in adolescents and adults than the current diagnostic PCR gold standard on stool, Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra, and equivalent sensitivity to Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra on sputum.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTian Tang, Ying Zhu, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Jin-Jin Chen, Jian-Bo Tian, Qiang Xu, Bao-Gui Jiang, Guo-Lin Wang, Nick Golding, Max L Mehlman, Chen-Long Lv, Simon I Hay, Li-Qun Fang, Wei Liu
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
The predicted high-risk regions are considerably larger than in previous reports. Identification, surveillance, and diagnosis of RFGB infections should be prioritised in high-risk areas, especially within low-income regions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicholas M Fountain-Jones, Robert Vanhaeften, Jan Williamson, Janelle Maskell, I-Ly J Chua, Michael Charleston, Louise Cooley
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Molnupiravir treatment in immunocompromised patients led to the accumulation of a distinctive pattern of mutations beyond the recommended 5 days of treatment. Treated patients maintained persistent PCR positivity for the duration of monitoring, indicating clear potential for transmission and subsequent emergence of novel variants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaren M Elias, Shanchita R Khan, Eva Stadler, Timothy E Schlub, Deborah Cromer, Mark N Polizzotto, Stephen J Kent, Tari Turner, Miles P Davenport, David S Khoury
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Despite the aggregation of studies with differing designs, and evidence of risk of bias in some virological outcomes, this review provides evidence that treatment-induced acceleration of viral clearance within the first 5 days after treatment is a potential surrogate of clinical efficacy to prevent hospitalisation with COVID-19. This work supports the use of viral clearance as an early phase clinical trial endpoint of therapeutic efficacy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJillian S Paull, Brittany A Petros, Taylor M Brock-Fisher, Samantha A Jalbert, Victoria M Selser, Katelyn S Messer, Sabrina T Dobbins, Katherine C DeRuff, Davy Deng, Michael Springer, Pardis C Sabeti
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
RDT-derived swabs are a reasonable alternative to PCR swabs for viral genomic surveillance and outbreak investigation. RDT-derived lateral flow strips yield accurate, but significantly fewer, viral reads than matched PCR swabs. Metagenomic sequencing of negative RDTs can identify viruses that might underlie patient symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Golparian, Michelle J Cole, Leonor Sánchez-Busó, Michaela Day, Susanne Jacobsson, Thinushaa Uthayakumaran, Raquel Abad, Beatrice Bercot, Dominique A Caugant, Dagmar Heuer, Klaus Jansen, Sonja Pleininger, Paola Stefanelli, David M Aanensen, Benjamin Bluemel, Magnus Unemo, Euro-GASP study group
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Azithromycin-resistant clones, mainly with mtrD mosaic or semi-mosaic variants, appear to be stabilising at a relatively high level in the EEA. This mostly low-level azithromycin resistance might threaten the recommended ceftriaxone-azithromycin therapy, but the negligible ceftriaxone resistance is encouraging. The decreased genomic population diversity and increased clonality could be explained in part by the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in lower importation of novel strains into Europe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQingqing Fang, Xin Yin, Yanling He, Yan Feng, Linwan Zhang, Huan Luo, Geng Yin, Alan McNally, Zhiyong Zong
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Colonisation by bacterial pathogens typically precedes invasive infection and seeds transmission. Thus, effective decolonisation strategies are urgently needed. The literature reports attempts to use phages for decolonisation. To assess the in-vivo efficacy and safety of phages for bacterial decolonisation, we performed a systematic review by identifying relevant studies to assess the in-vivo efficacy and safety of phages for bacterial decolonisation. We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles published between Jan 1, 1990, and May 12, 2023, without language restrictions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJichun Jia, Daohong Jiang, Jiatao Xie
Trends in Microbiology, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
The intimate relationships between plants and fungi provide an opportunity for the shuttling of viruses. Dai et al. recently discovered that a virus undergoes cross-kingdom transmission, and naturally spreads to both plant and fungal populations. This finding expands our understanding of viral host range, evolution, transmission, and disease management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJennifer B. Glass, Kathrin Rousk
Trends in Microbiology, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Nitrogen (N) is unique amongst the bioessential elements in that its major reservoir is in the atmosphere, as triple-bonded N2, which comprises 78% of the atmosphere. Breaking the extremely strong triple bond of N2 is challenging; in nature, only the microbial nitrogenase enzyme is known to be capable of this reaction, and nitrogenase is by far the dominant source of N2 fixation on the modern Earth. Abiotic N2 fixation is found only in extremely high energy situations, namely lightning bolts, and industrial N2 fixation for fertilizer production.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXie Jinglong, Li Xiaobin, Zhao Fang, Wang Chenchen, Yang Kailun
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Prooksa Ananchuensook, Sirinporn Suksawatamnauy, Panarat Thaimai, Supachaya Sriphoosanaphan, Kessarin Thanapirom, Chinachote Teerapakpinyo, Yong Poovorawan, Piyawat Komolmit
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
by Prooksa Ananchuensook, Sirinporn Suksawatamnauy, Panarat Thaimai, Supachaya Sriphoosanaphan, Kessarin Thanapirom, Chinachote Teerapakpinyo, Yong Poovorawan, Piyawat Komolmit
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSophie McCammon, Kirils Makarovs, Susan Banducci, Vicki Gold
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
by Sophie McCammon, Kirils Makarovs, Susan Banducci, Vicki Gold With the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), interest in the development of antibiotic alternatives has surged worldwide. While phage therapy is not a new phenomenon, technological and socio-economic factors have limited its implementation in the Western world. There is now a resurged effort, especially in the UK, to address these challenges. In this study, we collect survey data on UK general practitioners (n = 131) and other healthcare professionals (n = 103), as well as interviews with medical professionals (n = 4) and a focus group with medical students (n = 6) to explore factors associated with their willingness to prescribe phage therapy to patients. The interviews with medical professionals show support for the expansion of bacteriophage clinical trials and highlight their role as a viable alternative to antibiotics. A conjoint experiment reveals that success rate, side effect rate, and patient attitude to treatment are the decisive factors when it comes to phage therapy prescription; in contrast, the effects of administration route, type of treatment, and severity of infection were not statistically significant. Moreover, we show that general practitioners overall are more likely to recommend phage treatment to patients, compared to other healthcare professionals. The results of the study suggest that phage therapy has a potential to be widely accepted and used by healthcare workers in the UK.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaura Narciso, Martina Topini, Sonia Ferraiuolo, Giovanni Ianiro, Cinzia Marianelli
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
by Laura Narciso, Martina Topini, Sonia Ferraiuolo, Giovanni Ianiro, Cinzia Marianelli The survival of the honey bee (Apis mellifera), which has a crucial role in pollination and ecosystem maintenance, is threatened by many pathogens, including parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses. The ectoparasite Varroa destructor is considered the major cause of the worldwide decline in honey bee colony health. Although several synthetic acaricides are available to control Varroa infestations, resistant mites and side effects on bees have been documented. The development of natural alternatives for mite control is therefore encouraged. The study aims at exploring the effects of cinnamon and oregano essential oils (EOs) and of a mixed fruit cocktail juice on mite infestation levels and bee colony health. A multi-method study including hive inspection, mite count, molecular detection of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens, analysis of defensin-1, hymenoptaecin and vitellogenin immune gene expression, colony density and honey production data, was conducted in a 20-hive experimental apiary. The colonies were divided into five groups: four treatment groups and one control group. The treatment groups were fed on a sugar syrup supplemented with cinnamon EO, oregano EO, a 1:1 mixture of both EOs, or a juice cocktail. An unsupplemented syrup was, instead, used to feed the control group. While V. destructor affected all the colonies throughout the study, no differences in mite infestation levels, population density and honey yield were observed between treatment and control groups. An overexpression of vitellogenin was instead found in all EO-treated groups, even though a significant difference was only found in the group treated with the 1:1 EO mixture. Viral (DWV, CBPV and BQCV), fungal (Nosema ceranae) and bacterial (Melissococcus plutonius) pathogens from both symptomatic and asymptomatic colonies were detected.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEnoch Aninagyei, John Gameli Deku, Keren Trishia Yemofio, Ekua Quainoo, Kofi Adjei Ntiri, Evelyn Yaro, Priscilla Essandoh, Hubert Kwame Agbogli, Richard Harry Asmah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
by Enoch Aninagyei, John Gameli Deku, Keren Trishia Yemofio, Ekua Quainoo, Kofi Adjei Ntiri, Evelyn Yaro, Priscilla Essandoh, Hubert Kwame Agbogli, Richard Harry Asmah Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kit is one of the techniques for diagnosing malaria. Due to its inherent advantages over the microscopy technique, several brands of the kit have flooded malaria endemic countries, without prior in-country evaluation. Two of such mRDT kits are Oscar (India) and Standard Q (Korea Republic). In this study, the performance of Oscar and Standard Q mRDT kits were compared to First Response (India) and CareStart (USA) mRDTs, which have been evaluated and deployed for use approved by the Ministry of Health (MOH). In this comparative study, whole blood samples were collected from patients suspected of malaria. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in each sample using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR), microscopy and the four mRDTs. The sensitivities, specificities, accuracies, positive and negative predictive values and accuracies of the mRDTs were determined using nPCR as a reference technique. Kappa statistic was used to determine the level of agreement among the techniques. Two hundred (200) blood samples were analyzed in this study. The overall detection rates of P. falciparum by microscopy, First Response, CareStart, Oscar-PfHRP2, Standard Q mRDT kits and nPCR were 31.5%, 34.5%, 33.5%, 32%, 31% and 43% (x2 = 6.1, p = 0.046), respectively. The accuracies of CareStart and First Response were comparable (90.5% vs. 89.5%). Further, comparing their sensitivities, Oscar-PfHRP2 was 74.4% (95% confidence interval (CI): 63.9–83.2) while that of Standard Q was 72.1% (95% CI: 61.4–81.2), with comparable accuracies (Oscar-PfHRP2–89% and Standard Q -88%). Apart from First Response that was 98.3% specific, the others were 100% specific. Kappa test revealed perfect diagnostic agreement (κ = 0.90–0.98) among the four mRDTs. That notwithstanding, Oscar-PfHRP2 agreed better with CareStart (κ = 0.94) and First Response (κ = 0.92) compared to the agreement between Standard Q and, CareStart (κ = 0.92) and First Response (κ = 0.90). Taken together, the diagnostic performance of the four mRDT kits were statistically similar. That notwithstanding, new mRDT kits should be evaluated prior to deployment for use.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShunya Sahara, Ayumi Ueno, Natsuki Wakita, Miki Iwai, Junki Uda, Koich Nakaoji, Kazuhiko Hamada, Akito Maeda, Yasufumi Kaneda, Manabu Fujimoto
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
by Shunya Sahara, Ayumi Ueno, Natsuki Wakita, Miki Iwai, Junki Uda, Koich Nakaoji, Kazuhiko Hamada, Akito Maeda, Yasufumi Kaneda, Manabu Fujimoto Atopic dermatitis is a multi-pathogenic disease characterized by chronic skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction. Therefore, improving the skin’s ability to form an epidermal barrier and suppressing the production of cytokines that induce type 2 inflammatory responses are important for controlling atopic dermatitis symptoms. (-)-Blebbistatin, a non-muscle myosin II inhibitor, has been suggested to improve pulmonary endothelial barrier function and control inflammation by suppressing immune cell migration; however, its efficacy in atopic dermatitis is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether (S)-(-)-blebbistatin O-benzoate, a derivative of (-)-blebbistatin, improves dermatitis symptoms in a mite antigen-induced atopic dermatitis model using NC/Nga mice. The efficacy of the compound was confirmed using dermatitis scores, ear thickness measurements, serum IgE levels, histological analysis of lesions, and filaggrin expression analysis, which is important for barrier function. (S)-(-)-Blebbistatin O-benzoate treatment significantly reduced the dermatitis score and serum IgE levels compared to those in the vehicle group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the histological analysis revealed enhanced filaggrin production and a decreased number of mast cells (p < 0.05), indicating that (S)-(-)-blebbistatin O-benzoate improved atopic dermatitis symptoms in a pathological model. In vitro analysis using cultured keratinocytes revealed increased expression of filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin, and ceramide production pathway-related genes, suggesting that (S)-(-)-blebbistatin O-benzoate promotes epidermal barrier formation. Furthermore, the effect of (S)-(-)-blebbistatin O-benzoate on type 2 alarmin cytokines, which are secreted from epidermal cells upon scratching or allergen stimulation and are involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, was evaluated using antigens derived from mite feces. The results showed that (S)-(-)-blebbistatin O-benzoate inhibited the upregulation of these cytokines. Based on the above, (S)-(-)-blebbistatin O-benzoate has the potential to be developed as an atopic dermatitis treatment option that controls dermatitis symptoms by suppressing inflammation and improving barrier function by acting on multiple aspects of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSean BerginLaura A. DoorleyJeffrey M. RybakKenneth H. WolfeGeraldine ButlerChristina A. CuomoP. David Rogers1School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland2Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA3School of Medicine, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland4Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA5Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, Damian J. Krysan
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Shui-Shan Lee, Ziad A. Memish
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Worldwide, meningococcal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality [1]. In countries where there are epidemics, the rate of meningococcal disease can rise to 1,000 cases per 100,000 people. There are 12 serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), only 6 of which — A, B, C, W, Y, and X — are accountable for the majority of invasive infections. The most prevalent form of invasive infection is meningitis and septicemia, which is associated with high case fatality rate (10%) and lifelong, disabling sequelae in 10‒20% of survivors [2,3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartin Martinot
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Since the beginning of the 21st century, in addition to the classical seasonal epidemics (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]), many new airborne viral pandemics have emerged, namely, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, H1N1 influenza in 2009, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2012 and more recently, SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, which is still on-going. The magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the inaccuracy and limitations of previous measures for infection prevention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBaatiema, L., de-Graft Aikins, A., Koram, K. K., Kunfah, S. M. P., Allen, L. N., Abimbola, S., Kruk, M.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted frontline health workers. However, a neglected dimension of this discourse was the extent to which the pandemic impacted frontline healthcare workers providing non-communicable diseases (NCDs) care. This study aims to understand the experiences of healthcare workers with no prior exposure to pandemics who provided care to people living with NCDs (PLWNCDs). MethodsA qualitative study design was employed, using a face-to-face in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted in primary healthcare facilities in three administrative regions of Ghana, representing the Northern, Southern and Middle Belts. Only frontline health workers with roles in providing care for PLWNCDs were included. Purposive snowballing and convenience sampling methods were employed to select frontline health workers. An open-ended interview guide was used to facilitate data collection, and thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. ResultsA total of 47 frontline health workers were interviewed. Overall, these workers experienced diverse patient-driven and organisational challenges. Patient-level challenges included a decline in healthcare utilisation, non-adherence to treatment, a lack of continuity, fear and stigma. At the organisational levels, there was a lack of medical logistics, increased infection of workers and absenteeism, increased workload and burnout, limited motivational packages and inadequate guidelines and protocols. Workers coped and responded to the pandemic by postponing reviews and consultations, reducing inpatient and outpatient visits, changing their prescription practices, using teleconsultation and moving to long-shift systems. ConclusionThis study has brought to the fore the experiences that adversely affected frontline health workers and, in many ways, affected the care provided to PLWNCDs. Policymakers and health managers should take these experiences into account in plans to mitigate the impact of future pandemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTang, J., Ren, J., Wang, H., Shi, M., Jia, X., Zhang, L.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the caregiving behaviours and supportive needs of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS and provide a basis for healthcare institutions to carry out caregiver interventions. DesignA purposive sampling method was used to select 11 caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS in the Infectious Disease Department of a tertiary hospital in Nanjing, China, to conduct semistructured interviews. Colaizzi analysis was used to collate and analyse the interview data. SettingAll interviews were conducted at a tertiary hospital specialising in infectious diseases in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. ParticipantsWe purposively sampled 11 caregivers of people with HIV/AIDS, including nine women and two men. ResultsAnalysing the results from the perspective of iceberg theory, three thematic layers were identified: behavioural, value and belief. The behavioural layer includes a lack of awareness of the disease, physical and mental coping disorders, and an increased sense of stigma; the values layer includes a heightened sense of responsibility, the constraints of traditional gender norms, the influence of strong family values and the oppression of public opinion and morality and the belief layer includes the faith of standing together through storms and stress. ConclusionHealthcare professionals should value the experiences of caregivers of patients with HIV/AIDS and provide professional support to improve their quality of life.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKarim, N., Hod, R., Wahab, M. I. A., Ahmad, N.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectivesClimate change is a major global issue with significant consequences, including effects on air quality and human well-being. This review investigated the projection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to air pollution under different climate change scenarios. DesignThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 flow checklist. A population-exposure-outcome framework was established. Population referred to the general global population of all ages, the exposure of interest was air pollution and its projection, and the outcome was the occurrence of NCDs attributable to air pollution and burden of disease (BoD) based on the health indices of mortality, morbidity, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost and years lived with disability. Data sourcesThe Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCOhost databases were searched for articles published from 2005 to 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe eligible articles were evaluated using the modified scale of a checklist for assessing the quality of ecological studies. Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers searched, screened and selected the included studies independently using standardised methods. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified scale of a checklist for ecological studies. The results were summarised based on the projection of the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution. ResultsThis review included 11 studies from various countries. Most studies specifically investigated various air pollutants, specifically particulate matter
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBhatt, A., Monk, V., Bhatti, A., Eiden, A. L., Hermany, L., Hansen, N., Connolly, M. P., Baxter, L., Vanderslott, S., Mitrovich, R., Slater, R.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectivesIdentifying whether a country is ready to deploy a new vaccine or improve uptake of an existing vaccine requires knowledge of a diverse range of interdependent, context-specific factors. This scoping review aims to identify common themes that emerge across articles, which include tools or guidance that can be used to establish whether a country is ready to deploy a new vaccine or increase uptake of an underutilised vaccine. DesignScoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Data sourcesEmbase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science were searched for articles published until 9 September 2023. Relevant articles were also identified through expert opinion. Eligibility criteriaArticles published in any year or language that included tools or guidance to identify factors that influence a country’s readiness to deploy a new or underutilised vaccine. Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened records and performed data extraction. Findings were synthesised by conducting a thematic analysis. Results38 articles met our inclusion criteria; these documents were created using methodologies including expert review panels and Delphi surveys and varied in terms of content and context-of-use. 12 common themes were identified relevant to a country’s readiness to deploy a new or underutilised vaccine. These themes were as follows: (1) legal, political and professional consensus; (2) sociocultural factors and communication; (3) policy, guidelines and regulations; (4) financing; (5) vaccine characteristics and supply logistics; (6) programme planning; (7) programme monitoring and evaluation; (8) sustainable and integrated healthcare provision; (9) safety surveillance and reporting; (10) disease burden and characteristics; (11) vaccination equity and (12) human resources and training of professionals. ConclusionsThis information has the potential to form the basis of a globally applicable evidence-based vaccine readiness assessment tool that can inform policy and immunisation programme decision-makers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHarvey, G., Chow, V., Rubenis, I., Brieger, D., Kritharides, L., Ng, A. C. C.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate mortality and morbidity outcomes following open-heart isolated tricuspid valve surgery (TVSx) with medium to long-term follow-up. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingNew South Wales public and private hospital admissions between 1 January 2002 and 30 June 2018. ParticipantsA total of 537 patients underwent open isolated TVSx during the study period. Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was all-cause mortality tracked from the death registry to 31 December 2018. Secondary morbidity outcomes, including admission for congestive cardiac failure (CCF), new atrial fibrillation (AF), infective endocarditis (IE), pulmonary embolism (PE) and insertion of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), were tracked from the Admitted Patient Data Collection database. Independent mortality associations were determined using the Cox regression method. ResultsA total of 537 patients underwent open isolated TVSx (46% male): median age (IQR) was 63.5 years (43.9–73.8 years) with median length of stay of 16 days (10–31 days). Main cardiovascular comorbidities were AF (54%) and CCF (42%); 67% had rheumatic tricuspid valve. In-hospital and total mortality were 7.4% and 39.3%, respectively (mean follow-up: 4.8 years). Cause-specific deaths were evenly split between cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular causes. Predictors of mortality included a history of CCF (HR=1.78, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.38, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFigueroa, C. A., Perez-Flores, N. J., Guan, K. W., Stiles-Shields, C.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
IntroductionAfter COVID-19, a global mental health crisis affects young people, with one in five youth experiencing mental health problems worldwide. Delivering mental health interventions via mobile devices is a promising strategy to address the treatment gap. Mental health apps are effective for adolescent and young adult samples, but face challenges such as low real-world reach and under-representation of minoritised youth. To increase digital health uptake, including among minoritised youth, there is a need for diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) considerations in the development and evaluation of mental health apps. How well DEI is integrated into youth mental health apps has not been comprehensively assessed. This scoping review aims to examine to what extent DEI considerations are integrated into the design and evaluation of youth mental health apps and report on youth, caregiver and other stakeholder involvement. Methods and analysisWe will identify studies published in English from 2009 to 29 September 2023 on apps for mental health in youth. We will use PubMed, Global Health, APA PsycINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL PLUS and the Cochrane Database and will report according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension guidelines. Papers eligible for inclusion must be peer-reviewed publications in English involving smartphone applications used by adolescents or young adults aged 10–25, with a focus on depression, anxiety or suicidal ideation. Two independent reviewers will review and extract articles using a template developed by the authors. We will analyse the data using narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics. This study will identify gaps in the literature and provide a roadmap for equitable and inclusive mental health apps for youth. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated through academic, industry, community networks and scientific publications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSugawara, N., Tabuchi, T., Tokumitsu, K., Yasui-Furukori, N.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed long COVID. However, in the absence of comparative groups, the differentiation of disease progression remains difficult, as COVID-19 symptoms become indistinguishable from symptoms originating from alternative etiologies. This study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association between COVID-19 exposure and the somatic symptoms in the Japanese general population. DesignThis was a longitudinal cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Setting and participantsLongitudinal data from 19 545 individuals who participated in the Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey (JASTIS) 2022 and 2023 were included. In this study, we used data from the 2022 JASTIS as baseline data and the 2023 JASTIS as follow-up data. Based on questionnaire responses, respondents were classified into three categories of exposure to COVID-19. Outcome measuresThe somatic symptoms were assessed by the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8). Using generalised linear models adjusted for baseline covariates, we calculated the ORs of having very high somatic symptoms assessed by SSS-8, attributable to COVID-19 exposure (no COVID-19 cases as the reference group). ResultsFollow-up completers were divided into three groups according to COVID-19 exposure (no COVID-19, n=16 012; COVID-19 without O2 therapy, n=3201; COVID-19 with O2 therapy, n=332). After adjusting for all covariates, COVID-19 cases with O2 therapy had a significant positive association (OR 7.60, 95% CI 5.47 to 10.58) with a very high somatic symptoms burden while other COVID-19 exposure groups did not. Pre-existing physical and psychological conditions were also associated with increased risk of somatic symptoms. ConclusionThe findings of our study suggest that the severity of COVID-19 symptoms requiring O2 therapy in the acute phase led to high somatic symptoms. Pre-existing conditions were also associated with a subsequent risk of somatic symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPerni, S., Prokopovich, P.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
BackgroundProsthetic joint infections (PJIs) are a serious negative outcome of arthroplasty with incidence of about 1%. Risk of PJI could depend on local treatment policies and guidelines; no UK-specific risk scoring is currently available. ObjectiveTo determine a risk quantification model for the development of PJI using electronic health records. DesignRecords in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD and AURUM of patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty between January 2007 and December 2014, with linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics and Office of National Statistics, were obtained. Cohorts’ characteristics and risk equations through parametric models were developed and compared between the two databases. Pooled cohort risk equations were determined for the UK population and simplified through stepwise selection. ResultsAfter applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 174 905 joints (1021 developed PJI) were identified in CPRD AURUM and 48 419 joints (228 developed PJI) in CPRD GOLD. Patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty in both databases exhibited different sociodemographic characteristics and medical/drug history. However, the quantification of the impact of such covariates (coefficients of parametric models fitted to the survival curves) on the risk of PJI between the two cohorts was not statistically significant. The log-normal model fitted to the pooled cohorts after stepwise selection had a C-statistic >0.7. ConclusionsThe risk prediction tool developed here could help prevent PJI through identifying modifiable risk factors pre-surgery and identifying the patients most likely to benefit from close monitoring/preventive actions. As derived from the UK population, such tool will help the National Health Service reduce the impact of PJI on its resources and patient lives.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZulauf-McCurdy, C., Tessema, B., Tang, R., Almeida, S., Tandon, P. S.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectivesDuring the preschool years, children depend on adult caregivers to provide opportunities for physical activity (PA). Research has focused on measuring PA in preschool, as well as barriers and facilitators to children’s PA but caregiver perceptions remain largely unknown especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to understand the value of PA in preschool following the pandemic from three types of adult caregivers, parents of a young child (n=7), preschool teachers (n=7) and preschool administrators (n=7). MethodsIn-depth qualitative interviews were conducted to explore the following research questions: (a) how do caregivers describe the importance of PA in preschool postpandemic? (b) how do caregivers support and prioritise PA in preschool postpandemic and what challenges do they face in doing so? and (c) how do caregivers interact with one another to promote PA? Qualitative answers were coded using a codebook developed to answer the research questions of interest. ResultsParents, teachers and administrators all described valuing PA for preschoolers, but each caregiver type described a different way of promoting it. All the caregivers listed barriers that inhibit their ability to prioritise and promote PA, some heightened postpandemic. Lastly, there were limited caregiver interactions when it came to promoting PA, with the burden largely falling on teachers. ConclusionOur findings indicate that one particularly important area for intervention is supporting parents, teachers and preschool administrators in creating a shared understanding of the importance of PA for young children and ways to collaborate to promote it.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
CLSIpharmacokineticspharmacodynamicssusceptibilityantimicrobial susceptibility testingamoxicillin clavulanate
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Abstract Antiretrovirals are often approved by the Food and Drug Administration without sufficient safety data regarding their use in pregnancy. To quantify this delay, we calculated the interval from the approval date to their inclusion in the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry prospective analysis (≥ 200 first trimester exposures); median delay was six years.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInternational Journal for Parasitology, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2024 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Kashif Mohammad, Sri Lalana Appasani, Mai Ito, Caroline Percopo, Sanjay A. Desai
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection and Immunity, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Meaghan T. HartJoseph S. RomYoann Le BretonLara L. HauseAshton T. BelewNajib M. El-SayedKevin S. McIver1Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, College Park, Maryland, USA2Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA, Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Yining Liang, Jiayue Zhang, Dehong Luo, Lixin Cheng, Yijin Wang, Chinese Consortium for the Study of Hepatitis E (CCSHE)
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Cesare Ernesto Maria Gruber, Fabio Giovanni Tucci, Emanuela Giombini, Valentina Mazzotta, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Martina Rueca, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Lavinia Fabeni, Giulia Berno, Ornella Butera, Silvia Rosati, Eliana Specchiarello, Fabrizio Carletti, Daniele Focosi, Emanuele Nicastri, Enrico Girardi, Andrea Antinori, Fabrizio Maggi
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Jean‐Marc Costanzi, Milan S. Stosic, Alexander H. Løvestad, Ole H. Ambur, Trine B. Rounge, Irene K. Christiansen
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Lu Yao, Yuan Shi, Jiaji Fu, Xiaowei Fang, Hongling Zhang, Dengli Luo, Yi Zhou, Aijun Pan, Yuan Yu, Xiaobo Yang, Huaqing Shu, Xiaojing Zou, Jiqian Xu, You Shang
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024