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Laurent ChorroTara CiolinoCaresse Lynn TorresArthur IllenbergerJohnPaul AglionePaula CortsJacqueline LypowyChristopher PonceAnnalena La PorteDeborah BurtGretchen L. VolbergLila RamaiahKathryn McGovernJianfang HuAnnaliesa S. AndersonNatalie C. Silmon de MonerriIsis KanevskyRobert G. K. Donald1Pfizer Vaccine Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA2Pfizer Drug Safety Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA3Pfizer Drug Safety Research and Development, Pearl River, New York, USA4Pfizer Research Biostatistics, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USAAndreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Johanna RhodesJonathan JacobsEmily K. DennisSwati R. ManjariNilesh K. BanavaliRobert MarlowMohammed Anower RokebulSudha ChaturvediVishnu Chaturvedi1Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands2MRC GIDA, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom3American Type Culture Collection, University Blvd, Manassas, Virginia, USA4Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA5School of Public Health, University of Albany, Albany, New York, USA6Westchester Medical Center/New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USAAndreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Tamara V. MilosevicGaëlle VertenoeilWilliam VainchenkerPaul M. TulkensStefan N. ConstantinescuFrançoise Van Bambeke1Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium2Signal Transduction and Molecular Hematology Unit (SIGN), de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium3Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium4UMR 1170, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Paris-Sud & Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France5WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium6Nuffield Department of Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomJames E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Xinye Wang, Gregory Walker, Ki W. Kim, Sacha Stelzer‐Braid, Matthew Scotch, William D. Rawlinson
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Nobendu Mukerjee, Swastika Maitra, Dattatreya Mukherjee, Arabinda Ghosh, Athanasios T. Alexiou, Nanasheb D. Thorat
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Daniel Pan, Basant Mohamed, Abhishek Gupta, Zaki Arshad, Charlie Strachan, Cristina Celma, Sonal Kapoor, Oliver T. R. Toovey, Stuart Beard, Julian W. Tang
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Jéssica Amo‐Navarrete, Sara García‐Oreja, Diego León‐Herce, David Navarro‐Pérez, José Luís Lázaro‐Martínez, Francisco Javier Álvaro‐Afonso
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Ji Wu, Xiping Shen
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Feng Jiang, Yongxiang Zhao, Ruihao Peng, Ya Wen, Yudan Bi, Yichen Zhou, Yao Chen, Hua Deng, Xiaohu Han, Zeliang Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Mauro Bombaci, Enrico Mario Alessandro Fassi, Andrea Gobbini, Davide Mileto, Irene Cassaniti, Elisa Pesce, Emanuele Casali, Alessandro Mancon, Jose’ Sammartino, Alessandro Ferrari, Elena Percivalle, Romualdo Grande, Edoardo Marchisio, Maria Rita Gismondo, Sergio Abrignani, Fausto Baldanti, Giorgio Colombo, Renata Grifantini
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Abraham, Bisrat K.; Vogler, Mary; Talati, Achala; Suresh, Prapitha; Gill, Balwant; Ravikumar, Saiganesh; Shepard, Colin; Gulick, Roy; Nash, Denis; Peters, Vicki
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Background: Maternal and pregnancy outcomes among women with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) versus women with HIV acquired through other routes (NPHIV), are not fully understood. Setting: U.S.-born women during 2005–2015 in New York City (NYC) Methods: We utilized data from the NYC HIV surveillance registry, Expanded Perinatal Surveillance (EPS) database, and Vital Statistics, to compare pregnancy and all-cause mortality outcomes among women with PHIV versus NPHIV delivering infants during 2005–2015. Results: There were 186 deliveries among 137 women with PHIV and 1188 deliveries among 910 women with NPHIV. Women with PHIV were younger at delivery, more likely to be aware of their HIV status, and less likely to use substances or be incarcerated. At the time of delivery, women with PHIV were more likely to have HIV RNA>1,000 copies/mL (34% vs. 19%), CD4
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJalil, Cristina Moreira; Maia Teixeira, Sylvia Lopes; Coutinho, Carolina; Nazer, Sandro Coutinho; Carvalheira, Eduardo; Hoagland, Brenda; Wagner, Sandra; Luz, Paula M.; Veloso, Valdilea G.; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Jalil, Emilia Moreira; Torres, Thiago S.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic had great impact on HIV care and prevention worldwide, including in Brazil. We compared HIV testing, recent infection, and annualized incidence according to Covid-19 pandemic period among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). Setting: HIV/STI testing, prevention and treatment referral service in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Methods: We used Maxim HIV-1 Limiting Antigen Avidity EIA as part of recent infection testing algorithm to identify recent HIV infections and estimate annualized HIV incidences in pre- (March/2018-February/2020) and post-Covid-19 pandemic onset period (March/2020-January 2022). Multivariable logistic regression model assessed factors associated with recent HIV infection. Results: Among 4590 MSM and TGW, 593 (12.9%) tested positive for HIV and 119 (2.6%) were identified as having recent infection. Percentage of recent HIV infection did not differ between Covid-19 periods. Overall annualized HIV incidence rates were 6.0% (95%CI:4.2-7.7) and 6.6% (95%CI:4.3-9.0) in pre- and post-Covid-19 periods, respectively. During the post-Covid-19 period, higher incidence rates were observed among TGW (8.4%[95%CI:2.9-13.9]), those aged 18-24 years (7.8%[ 95%CI:4.0-11.7]), Black race (7.9%[95%CI:3.8-12.0]), and with 30 years and TGW, and lower for those with more years of schooling. Conclusion: HIV incidence estimates remain high among MSM and TGW in Brazil, especially among the most vulnerable. The consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic on the HIV epidemic will likely persist and contribute to worsening HIV outcomes. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSelzer, Lisa; VanderVeen, Laurie A.; Parvangada, Aiyappa; Martin, Ross; Collins, Sean E.; Mehrotra, Megha; Callebaut, Christian
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Background: HIV envelope (env) diversity may result in resistance to broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Assessment of genotypic or phenotypic susceptibility to antiretroviral treatment is often performed in people with HIV-1 (PWH) and used for clinical trial screening for HIV-1 bNAb susceptibility. Optimal bNAb susceptibility screening methods are not yet clear. Methods: Phenotypic and genotypic analyses were conducted on 124 screening samples from a Phase 1b study of bNAbs teropavimab (3BNC117-LS) and zinlirvimab (10-1074-LS) administered with lenacapavir in virally suppressed PWH. Phenotypic analysis was conducted on integrated HIV-1 provirus and stimulated outgrowth virus, with susceptibility to bNAbs defined as 90% inhibitory concentration ≤2 μg/mL. The proviral DNA HIV env gene was genotyped using deep sequencing, and bNAb susceptibility predicted using published env amino acid signatures. Results: Proviral phenotypic results were reported for 109 of 124 samples; 75% (82/109) were susceptible to teropavimab, 65% (71/109) to zinlirvimab, and 50% (55/109) to both bNAbs. Phenotypic susceptibility of outgrowth viruses was available for 39 samples; 56% (22/39) were susceptible to teropavimab, and 64% (25/39) to zinlirvimab. Phenotypic susceptibilities correlated between these methods: teropavimab r = 0.82 (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuang, Ya-Lin A.; Lowy, Elliott; Zhu, Weiming; Yu, Lei; Wei, Wei; Maier, Marissa M.; Hoover, Karen W.; Beste, Lauren A.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Objectives. It is important to monitor national HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use in the United States. However, PrEP use data in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system are not included in the current monitoring surveillance. To address this gap, we examined the trends in PrEP use among U.S. Veterans receiving health services in the VHA system. Methods. We analyzed 2014-2022 VHA data to identify the annual number and prevalence of persons aged ≥18 years prescribed PrEP, stratified by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and region. We also assessed trends by calculating the estimated annual percent change (EAPC) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Poisson models. Results. The number of Veterans prescribed PrEP increased from 361 in 2014 to 6,050 in 2022 with an EAPC of 29.6% (95% CI, 22.6–37.1). Of 6,050 Veterans with PrEP prescriptions in 2022, 95.2% were men, 4.8% were women, 50.4% were White, 24.5% Black or African American (Black) and 14.0% Hispanic or Latino. The prevalence of Black and Hispanic or Latino individuals prescribed PrEP increased significantly from 2014-2022. Conclusion. VHA data fill a gap in monitoring PrEP use in the United States. We observed an increasing trend in the number of Veterans prescribed PrEP similar to trends among persons with commercial or public health insurance. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngulique, Outlaw; Thomas, Templin; Karen, MacDonell; Monique, Jones; Elizabeth, Secord; Sylvie, Naar
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Background: Adolescents and young adults (age 13 – 24) accounted for 20% of HIV diagnoses in the United States and 6 dependent areas in 2020. Optimal treatment adherence during adolescence and young adulthood decreases the pool of infectious individuals during the risky sexual activity commonly reported among AYAs living with HIV. Methods: Adolescents and young adults newly recommended to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) were recruited, nationally, from seven clinical sites. At each clinical site, participants were randomized to receive a two-session (baseline and 1- month) online intervention. For the Motivational Enhancement System for Health (MESA) intervention condition, based on the principles of motivational interviewing, participants received ART information and personalized feedback + ART standard of care (n = 86), while for the System for Health (SH) control condition, participants received information on healthy eating and physical activity + ART standard of care (n = 66). Results: Adherence was 21% greater in the MESA intervention group compared to the SH control group at 6 months. Additionally, the MESA intervention group was significantly more adherent during the post intervention, and was more likely to maintain viral suppression up to 12 months after initiating ART if both doses of the intervention were received compared to the SH control group. Conclusion: A brief, scalable online computer-delivered intervention shows promise for achieving long-term health outcomes due to improved adherence when intervention occurs early in the course of treatment. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCorbett, Craig; van Rensburg, Roland; Brey, Naeem; O’Hagan, Suzanne; Esterhuizen, Tonya M.; Chow, Felicia C.; Decloedt, Eric H.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Burkhard Tümmler, Jutta Ulrich, Ludwig Sedlacek
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Airway infections with Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) or Burkholderia gladioli [1] currently affect less than two percent of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) [2], but they are burdened by patient-to-patient transmission [3, 4], spread of virulent epidemic strains [5] and poor clinical outcomes [4, 6]. For example, infection with the Burkholderia cenocepacia ET12 epidemic strain has been associated with accelerated lung function decline, rapid, usually fatal deterioration in previously mildly affected patients (‘cepacia’ syndrome) [4, 6] and increased mortality both before and after lung transplantation [7].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrederick J. Angulo, Emily Colby, Anne-Mette Lebech, Per-Eric Lindgren, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska, Franc Strle, Julia Olsen, Gordon Brestrich, Andrew Vyse, Madiha Shafquat, L. Hannah Gould, Patrick H. Kelly, Andreas Pilz, Kate Halsby, Jennifer C. Moïsi, James H. Stark
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.09.2024
Tilføjet 20.09.2024
Lyme borreliosis (LB), an infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (Bbsl), is the most common tick-borne disease in Europe [1]. Although LB commonly presents as erythema migrans (EM), Bbsl infection can disseminate resulting in Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), arthritis, or carditis [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIrina Kontsevaya
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Tuberculosis infection (TBI) refers to the state when an immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is detected in the absence of clinical, microbiological, or radiological signs of active disease. In some cases, TBI can progress to TB disease via stages of incipient and subclinical TB [1]. Given that Mtb remains in a low replicative state during TBI, no reliable tool for the direct detection of bacteria is currently available. Instead, an indirect evaluation of infection based on measuring the Mtb-specific immune response is applied using tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPauline Leroux, Soraya Matczak, Valérie Bouchez, Stevenn Volant, Antoine Ouziel, Elise Launay, Albert Faye, Valérie Rabier, Jean Sarlangue, Eric Jeziorski, Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse, Fouad Madhi, Didier Pinquier, Mathie Lorrot, Marie Pouletty, Aymeric Cantais, Etienne Javouhey, Fatima Aït Belghiti, Sophie Guillot, Carla Rodrigues, Sylvain Brisse, Jérémie F. Cohen, Julie Toubiana
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Virulence factors of the causative agent, Bordetella pertussis, may be involved in fulminant pertussis, the most severe form of whooping cough (pertussis) in infants. We aimed to assess the association between fulminant pertussis and the status of pertactin (PRN) production of B. pertussis clinical isolates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRussell E. Lewis, Marta Stanzani
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
For nearly two decades, posaconazole has been a preferred choice for primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) who are at high risk for mould infections [1]. When first approved in 2006, posaconazole was available only as an oral suspension that required frequent dosing with a high fat meal and low gastric pH for absorption. These characteristics made the drug difficult to use in the HSCT population, where gastrointestinal complications such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) are common.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLars Bjerrum, Ivan Gentile, Oliver van Hecke, Jan Y. Verbakel, Carl Llor
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
We have, with interest, read the article titled “Impact of C-reactive protein point-of-care testing on antibiotic prescriptions for children and adults with suspected respiratory tract infections in primary care: a French patient-level randomised controlled superiority trial” and commend the authors for their valuable contribution [1]. However, caution should be considered in interpreting the results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEvans, A., Mawson, P., Thomas, H., Keen, K., Watson, C. J., McAuley, D. F., MacGowan, G. A., Sheerin, N. S., Fisher, A., Shaw, J., Yates, H., Fallow, A., Kounali, D., Banks, J., Stevens, M., Paul, R., Hodge, R., Lawson, E., Harvey, D., Dark, J.
BMJ Open, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
IntroductionSuccessful organ transplantation in patients with end-stage organ failure improves long-term survival, improves quality of life and reduces costs to the NHS. Despite an increase in the number of deceased organ donors over the last decade, there remains a considerable shortfall of suitable organs available for transplantation. Over half of UK donors are certified dead by neurological criteria following brain stem compression, which leads to severe physiological stress in the donor, combined with a hyperinflammatory state. Brain stem death-related dysfunction is an important reason for poor organ function and hence utilisation. For example, more than 30% of donation after brain stem death cardiac transplant recipients need short-term mechanical cardiac support, reflecting donor heart dysfunction. A small, randomised study previously showed improved outcomes for cardiac transplant recipients if the donor was given simvastatin. SIGNET takes inspiration from that study and hypothesises a potential reduction in damage to the heart and other organs during the period after diagnosis of death and prior to organ retrieval in donors that receive simvastatin. Methods and analysisSIGNET is a multicentre, single-blind, prospective, group sequential, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the benefits of a single high dose of simvastatin given to potential organ donors diagnosed dead by neurological criteria on outcomes in all organ recipients. The trial will run across a minimum of 89 UK sites with a recruitment target of 2600 donors over 4 years. Ethics and disseminationSIGNET received a favourable opinion from the London, Queen Square Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 21/LO/0412) and following approval of substantial amendment 1 in January 2023, the current protocol is version 2 (7 December 2022). Substantial amendment 1 clarified consent procedures and added additional sites and prescribers. Findings from the study will be publicly available and disseminated locally and internationally through manuscript publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations at national and international platforms. Trial registration numberISRCTN11440354
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health threat globally, necessitating innovative and efficient diagnostic approaches for timely identification of infected individuals. Despite few emerging reports, the clinical utility of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is not well-evidenced. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of circulating miRNAs for COVID-19. The protocol for this study was officially recorded on PROSPERO under registration number CRD42023494959. Methods Electronic databases including Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and other sources were exhaustively searched to recover studies published until 16th January, 2024. Pooled specificity, sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic ratio (DOR), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) were computed from the metadata using Stata 14.0 software. Risk of bias appraisal of included articles was carried out using Review Manager (Rev-Man) 5.3 package through the modified QUADAS-2 tool. Subgroup, heterogeneity, meta-regression and sensitivity analyses were undertaken. Publication bias and clinical applicability were also evaluated via Deeks’ funnel plot and Fagan nomogram (scattergram), respectively. Result A total of 43 studies from 13 eligible articles, involving 5175 participants (3281 COVID-19 patients and 1894 healthy controls), were analyzed. Our results depicted that miRNAs exhibit enhanced pooled specificity 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88–0.94), sensitivity 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91–0.96), DOR of 159 (95% CI: 87–288), and AUC values of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95–0.98) with high pooled PPV 96% (95% CI: 94–97%) and NPV 88% (95% CI: 86–90%) values. Additionally, highest diagnostic capacity was observed in studies involving larger sample size (greater than 100) and those involving the African population, demonstrating consistent diagnostic effectiveness across various specimen types. Notably, a total of 12 distinct miRNAs were identified as suitable for both exclusion and confirmation of COVID-19 cases, denoting their potential clinical applicability. Conclusion Our study depicted that miRNAs show significantly high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating COVID-19 patients from healthy counterparts, suggesting their possible use as viable biomarkers. Nonetheless, thorough and wide-ranging longitudinal researches are necessary to confirm the clinical applicability of miRNAs in diagnosing COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a challenging nosocomial problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) that face barriers to healthcare delivery and resource availability. This study aimed to examine the incidence and predictors of VAP in Egypt as an example of an LMIC while considering death as a competing event. Methods The study included patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent mechanical ventilation (MV) in an intensive care unit (ICU) at a tertiary care, university hospital in Egypt between May 2020 and January 2023. We excluded patients who died or were transferred from the ICU within 48 h of admission. We determined the VAP incidence based on clinical suspicion, radiological findings, and positive lower respiratory tract microbiological cultures. The multivariate Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model was used to examine the predictors of VAP while considering death as a competing event. Results Overall, 315 patients were included in this analysis. Sixty-two patients (19.7%) developed VAP (17.1 per 1000 ventilator days). The Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard model, after adjustment for potential confounders, revealed that emergency surgery (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–3.56), reintubation (SHR: 3.74, 95% CI: 2.23–6.28), blood transfusion (SHR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.32–3.75), and increased duration of MV (SHR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03–1.06) were independent risk factors for VAP development. However, the new use of corticosteroids was not associated with VAP development (SHR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.56–1.57). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common causative microorganism, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusion The incidence of VAP in Egypt was high, even in the ICU at a university hospital. Emergency surgery, reintubation, blood transfusion, and increased duration of MV were independently associated with VAP. Robust antimicrobial stewardship and infection control strategies are urgently needed in Egypt.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Schistosomiasis, an endemic neglected tropical disease in areas with poor sanitation, causes physical and mental defects in both children and adults. Various strategies, especially drug administration for morbidity control, have been implemented to combat the disease in Ghana and globally. Despite these efforts, schistosomiasis remains prevalent in Ghana, negatively impacting children\'s academic performance, growth, and overall quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis in school children at Esuekyir, a peri-urban community in Ghana. A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling technique to select participants and collect stool and urine samples from 246 school children in Esuekyir was adopted. Microscopy of urine and stool samples was performed involving urine sedimentation and stool formol-ether sedimentation techniques to analyse for parasite eggs. Questionnaires were developed to help detect risk factors that expose these children to the disease. The prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in children at Esuekyir was 15.45% while that of intestinal schistosomiasis was 6.957.0%. There was one case of co-infection of urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis from a 13 year old primary student. Children in primary school had higher risks of infection due to their activities around the water body. There was a significant association between class groups and urogenital schistosomiasis (p-value = 0.042). The presence of schistosomiasis in school children highlights the importance of targeted interventions and public health initiatives in addressing this specific disease condition especially in primary school children. Findings from the research revealed a higher prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in the study population as compared to intestinal schistosomiasis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Background Although there have been reports of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals, the vaccines have demonstrated a high efficacy in preventing severe illness and death. Nepal has reported fewer studies of COVID-19 breakthrough infections. Hence, this study has objective to assess the prevalence, and to describe clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) breakthrough infection. Methods This descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2022. The study enrolled 200 individuals who had received the recommended doses of the COVID-19 vaccine and they were RT-PCR positive diagnosed with vaccine breakthrough infections after 14 days of completing the vaccination course. The patient’s demographic and clinical profiles, as well as their outcomes in terms of severity, length of hospital stay, and mortality were recorded. Results The prevalence of SARS-CoV2 infection was 6.3% (547/8682). Among fully vaccinated personnel, the prevalence of breakthrough infections was 6.2% (200/3175). This study found the Omicron variants in respondents. The mean age of the patients was 38.28 years, and 41.5% (83/200) of the breakthrough cases were healthcare workers. The mean time gap between the second dose of vaccination and a positive RT-PCR test was 354.68 days. Of the 200 breakthrough cases, 89% (178) had mild symptoms, 9% (17) had moderate symptoms requiring hospitalization, and 2% (4) were severe cases that required intensive care facility. Among the severe cases, 3 out 4 were above 60 years old. Furthermore, the patients greater than 60 years had longer hospital stays (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Background A persisting high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is causal for cervical cancer; however, there is limited population-based data on the prevalence of HPV infections in Germany. We assessed the age and type-specific HPV prevalence, and associated risk factors in HPV unvaccinated women aged 30 and above. Methods The MARZY prospective population-based cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2012 in Mainz and Mainz-Bingen, Germany. Eligible women were randomly recruited from population registries and invited for cervical cancer screening (n = 5,275). A study swab (liquid-based cytology) was taken and HPV testing was performed with GP5+/6 + polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by genotyping. We assessed HPV types as HR-HPV, ‘moderate’ risk and low-risk (LR-HPV). Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with HPV infection, stratified by HPV types. Results 2,520 women were screened with a valid PCR result. Overall HPV prevalence was 10.6% (n = 266), with 6.5% HR-HPV positive (n = 165), 1.5% ’moderate’ risk type (n = 38) and 3.3% LR-HPV type (n = 84) positive. 8.9% had a single infection (n = 225) and 1.6% had multiple types (n = 41). The most common HR-HPV types were 16, 56, 52 and 31 and LR-HPV 90 and 42. Of 187 HR-HPV infections detected (among 165 women), 55.1% (n = 103) were with HPV types not covered by available bivalent or quadrivalent HPV vaccines. About 23% (n = 43) were of types not covered by the nonavalent vaccine (HPV 35, 39, 51, 56, 59). The HR and LR-HPV prevalence were highest in the age group 30–34 years (HR 9.8%, ‘moderate’ risk 3.0% and LR 5.6%), decreasing with increasing age. HR-HPV prevalence in women with normal cytology was 5.5%. In women with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), prevalence was 66.7%. Women currently not living with a partner and current smokers had increased chances of an HR-HPV infection. Conclusion The overall population-based HPV prevalence was relatively high. An important share of prevalent HR-HPV infections constituted types not covered by current HPV vaccines. With the advent of HPV screening and younger vaccinated cohorts joining screening, HPV types should be monitored closely, also in older women who were not eligible for HPV vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Purpose The prevalence of biliary tract diseases, which are common gastrointestinal disorders, is steadily rising. If it progresses to sepsis or septic shock, it can endanger the patient\'s life. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly diagnose bacterial infection in individuals suffering from biliary diseases and comprehend the risk factors associated with infection. The objective of this study was to examine the types of bacteria present in the bile of patients with biliary tract diseases, assess any alterations in their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, and identify the risk factors contributing to the development of infection in these patients. Patients and methods From June 2019 to November 2022, 317 patients of biliary tract diseases with positive bile culture were included in this hospital-based descriptive analysis. The hospital\'s computerized medical records were used to collect data on demographic information (including gender, age, and occupation), laboratory, and clinical findings, physical examination results, comorbidities, basic diseases, treatment history, complications, and in-hospital outcomes. The study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) principles. Results Of the 317 patients with positive biliary tract diseases, 247 had benign diseases and 70 had malignant diseases. Patients with benign disease experienced a higher prevalence of statistically significant symptoms such as abdominal pain (81.4% vs. 57.1%, P = 0.000), nausea (31.2% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.005), vomiting (30.0% vs. 12.9%, P = 0.004), and chills (10.9% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.039), while jaundice (12.6% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.000) was more common in patients with malignant disease. At the species level, Escherichia coli (105; 40.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (41; 15.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30; 11.6%) were the most commonly found Gram-negative bacterial strains in biliary tract infection. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most susceptible to tigecycline, ertapenem and ceftazidime/avibactam, respectively. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the most commonly isolated biliary bacteria. Clinical doctors should pay attention to patients with malignant diseases with low hemoglobin, high total bilirubin and high alkaline phosphatase. Carbapenems, tigecycline, and minocycline are the recommended antibiotics for Enterobacteriaceae. In recent years, the proportion of enterococcus has gradually increased, and clinical attention should be paid to enterococcus infection. Linezolid and vancomycin were recommended for the treatment of Enterococci infections. Overall, this work can provide reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment and effective interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Background It is difficult to detect the outbreak of emergency infectious disease based on the exiting surveillance system. Here we investigate the utility of the Baidu Search Index, an indicator of how large of a keyword is in Baidu’s search volume, in the early warning and predicting the epidemic trend of COVID-19. Methods The daily number of cases and the Baidu Search Index of 8 keywords (weighted by population) from December 1, 2019 to March 15, 2020 were collected and analyzed with times series and Spearman correlation with different time lag. To predict the daily number of COVID-19 cases using the Baidu Search Index, Zero-inflated negative binomial regression was used in phase 1 and negative binomial regression model was used in phase 2 and phase 3 based on the characteristic of independent variable. Results The Baidu Search Index of all keywords in Wuhan was significantly higher than Hubei (excluded Wuhan) and China (excluded Hubei). Before the causative pathogen was identified, the search volume of “Influenza” and “Pneumonia” in Wuhan increased with the number of new onset cases, their correlation coefficient was 0.69 and 0.59, respectively. After the pathogen was public but before COVID-19 was classified as a notifiable disease, the search volume of “SARS”, “Pneumonia”, “Coronavirus” in all study areas increased with the number of new onset cases with the correlation coefficient was 0.69 ~ 0.89, while “Influenza” changed to negative correlated (rs: -0.56 ~ -0.64). After COVID-19 was closely monitored, the Baidu Search Index of “COVID-19”, “Pneumonia”, “Coronavirus”, “SARS” and “Mask” could predict the epidemic trend with 15 days, 5 days and 6 days lead time, respectively in Wuhan, Hubei (excluded Wuhan) and China (excluded Hubei). The predicted number of cases would increase 1.84 and 4.81 folds, respectively than the actual number of cases in Wuhan and Hubei (excluded Wuhan) from 21 January to 9 February. Conclusion The Baidu Search Index could be used in the early warning and predicting the epidemic trend of COVID-19, but the search keywords changed in different period. Considering the time lag from onset to diagnosis, especially in the areas with medical resources shortage, internet search data can be a highly effective supplement of the existing surveillance system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Background A new pathogen detection tool, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), has been widely used for infection diagnosis, but the clinical and diagnostic value of mNGS in urinary tract infection (UTI) remains inconclusive. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy of mNGS in treating UTIs. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, and eligible studies were selected based on the predetermined criteria. The quality of the included studies was assessed via the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool, and the certainty of evidence (CoE) was measured by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) score. Then, the positive detection rate (PDR), pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve of the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was estimated in Review Manager, Stata, and MetaDisc. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed to reveal the potential factors that influence internal heterogeneity. Results A total of 17 studies were selected for further analysis. The PDR of mNGS was markedly greater than that of culture (odds ratio (OR) = 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72–4.81, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.09.2024
Tilføjet 19.09.2024
Abstract Introduction Reinfection with SARS-Cov-2 after recovery can occur that most of them don’t require hospitalization. The aim of this study is estimation of out-patient COVID-19 reinfection and recurrence rates and its associated factors among Iranian patients with history of confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection and hospitalization. Methods This study is a retrospective cohort conducted from May 2021 to May 2022 in Iran. The national Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) database, obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, includes all information about confirmed COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized and diagnosed during the pandemic. Using probability proportional to size sampling from 31 provinces, 1,532 patients over one years of age with a history of hospitalization in the MCMC data are randomly selected. After that, interviews by phone are performed with all of the selected patients using a researcher-made questionnaire about the occurrence of overall reinfection without considering the time of infection occurrence, reinfection occurring at least 90 days after the discharge and recurrence (occurring within 90 days after discharge). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses are performed to assess the factors associated with each index. All of the analyses are performed using Stata software version 16. Results In general, 1,532 phone calls are made, out of which 1,095 individuals are willing to participate in the study (response rate ≃ 71%). After assessing the 1,095 patients with a positive history of COVID-19, the rates of non-hospitalized overall SARS-Cov-2 reinfection, reinfection and recurrence are 122.64, 114.09, and 8.55 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. The age range of 19–64 years (aHR:3.93, 95%CI : 1.24–12.41) and COVID-19-related healthcare worker (aHR: 3.67, 95%CI: 1.77–7.61) are identified as risk factors for reinfection, while having comorbidity, being fully vaccinated, and having a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) ≥ 93 mmHg during the initial infection are identified as factors that reduce the risk of non-hospitalized reinfection. Conclusion Reinfection due to COVID-19 is possible because of the weakened immune system for various reasons and the mutation of the virus. Vaccination, timely boosters, and adherence to preventive measures can help mitigate this risk.
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