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Nader Alaridah, Rahaf A. Jereisat, Sara Abu-Mutaw, Haneen O. Abuhani, Raba’a F. Jarrar, Rayan M. Joudeh, Basmalah Al-Hawadi, Saif Alhawadi, Razan Qasim Al-oyoun, Hasan Nassr, Mohammad Al-Taher, Bassel Qiqieh, Layan Ismail, Haneen Al-Abdallat, Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Nader Alaridah, Rahaf A. Jereisat, Sara Abu-Mutaw, Haneen O. Abuhani, Raba’a F. Jarrar, Rayan M. Joudeh, Basmalah Al-Hawadi, Saif Alhawadi, Razan Qasim Al-oyoun, Hasan Nassr, Mohammad Al-Taher, Bassel Qiqieh, Layan Ismail, Haneen Al-Abdallat, Anas H. A. Abu-Humaidan The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a prevalent blood-borne illness, posing a significant risk to hemodialysis patients particularly due to their potential immunosuppressed status. This study aimed to address HBV awareness among Jordanian hemodialysis patients, filling a gap in regional research. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at a multicenter governmental hospital in Jordan, with 389 participants. Among them, 61.3% were male, and 80.7% were over 38 years old. While 34% demonstrated a high level of knowledge, Participants with a higher degree of education and those working in the medical field were more informed. Although most participants had an inadequate understanding of HBV symptoms and transmission, they maintained positive attitudes and engaged in infection preventative actions. Enhanced educational efforts are required to raise awareness among hemodialysis patients, and further research is needed to address any reluctance towards preventive practices and seeking treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrank A. DeLano, Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Frank A. DeLano, Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein The mechanism that triggers the progressive dysregulation of cell functions, inflammation, and breakdown of tissues during aging is currently unknown. We propose here a previously unknown mechanism due to tissue autodigestion by the digestive enzymes. After synthesis in the pancreas, these powerful enzymes are activated and transported inside the lumen of the small intestine to which they are compartmentalized by the mucin/epithelial barrier. We hypothesize that this barrier leaks active digestive enzymes (e.g. during meals) and leads to their accumulation in tissues outside the gastrointestinal tract. Using immune-histochemistry we provide evidence in young (4 months) and old (24 months) rats for significant accumulation of pancreatic trypsin, elastase, lipase, and amylase in peripheral organs, including liver, lung, heart, kidney, brain, and skin. The mucin layer density on the small intestine barrier is attenuated in the old and trypsin leaks across the tip region of intestinal villi with depleted mucin. The accumulation of digestive enzymes is accompanied in the same tissues of the old by damage to collagen, as detected with collagen fragment hybridizing peptides. We provide evidence that the hyperglycemia in the old is accompanied by proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the insulin receptor. Blockade of pancreatic trypsin in the old by a two-week oral treatment with a serine protease inhibitor (tranexamic acid) serves to significantly reduce trypsin accumulation in organs outside the intestine, collagen damage, as well as hyperglycemia and insulin receptor cleavage. These results support the hypothesis that the breakdown of tissues in aging is due to autodigestion and a side-effect of the fundamental requirement for digestion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiangling Li, Ruyan Wen, Ben Chen, Xia Luo, Lu Li, Jun Ai, Junlong Yu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Xiangling Li, Ruyan Wen, Ben Chen, Xia Luo, Lu Li, Jun Ai, Junlong Yu Background The T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response is critical for elucidating cellular immune mechanisms, especially the role of memory T cells upon antigen re-exposure. This study aimed to investigate the specific effects of the immunosuppressive drugs Cyclophosphamide (CY) and Dexamethasone (DEX) on intestinal immunity and microbiota in a DTH mouse model, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of their immunomodulatory mechanisms. Methods Female BALB/c mice were sensitized to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and randomly allocated into control, CY, and DEX groups. The impact of CY and DEX on immune function was assessed through measurement of thymus and spleen indices, lymphocyte proliferation in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) using MTT assay, and flow cytometric analysis of T cell subsets and TCR expression. Intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) was quantified by ELISA, and gut microbiota diversity was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results CY and DEX significantly reduced the immune function in DNFB-induced sensitized mice, as indicated by decreased thymus and spleen indices, MLN enlargement, intestinal sIgA content, and ear swelling degree. Flow cytometry revealed that CY increased the proportion of total CD3+ T cells but reduced CD3+CD69+ activated T cells and CD3+TCRγ/δ+ T cells, while DEX increased CD3+CD4+ helper T cells. Both drugs induced distinct changes in gut microbiota diversity and structure, with CY enhancing α diversity and DEX reducing it. Conclusions The study demonstrates that CY and DEX have distinct regulatory effects on the immune organ index, distribution of T cell subsets, and diversity and structure of gut microbiota on DTH-induced immune responses mice, suggesting their differential influence on intestinal mucosal immunity. These findings have implications for the development of targeted immunotherapies and understanding the interplay between immunosuppressive drugs and gut microbiota.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZannat Kawser, Saikt Rahman, Emilie Westeel, Mohammad Tanbir Habib, Mohabbat Hossain, Md. Rakibul Hassan Bulbul, Sharmin Aktar Mukta, Md. Zahirul Islam, Md. Zakir Hossain, Mokibul Hassan Afrad, Manjur Hossain Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Md. Shakeel Ahmed, Jean-Luc Berland, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Firdausi Qadri
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Zannat Kawser, Saikt Rahman, Emilie Westeel, Mohammad Tanbir Habib, Mohabbat Hossain, Md. Rakibul Hassan Bulbul, Sharmin Aktar Mukta, Md. Zahirul Islam, Md. Zakir Hossain, Mokibul Hassan Afrad, Manjur Hossain Khan, Tahmina Shirin, Md. Shakeel Ahmed, Jean-Luc Berland, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Firdausi Qadri Background The widespread increase in multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) since 2020 is causing significant health concerns worldwide. While whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has played a leading role in surveillance programs, many local laboratories lack the expertise and resources. Thus, we aimed to investigate the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants and evaluate the performance of multiplexed real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) for screening and monitoring the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 600 confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive cases were enrolled either prospectively or retrospectively from two divisions of Bangladesh. The samples were screened by variant RT-PCR targeting five mutations of the spike gene (N501Y, P681R, L452R, E484K, E484Q). A subsample of the study population was also selected for third-generation sequencing (TGS) and the results were compared to the variant RT-PCR screening. An in-depth comparison was made between the two methods in terms of congruence and cost-benefit. Result Seven variants were detected among samples, with similar distributions of the variants across both divisions. Variant RT-PCR for the targeted mutations lead to a 98.5% call rate; only nine samples failed to be determined. No association was found regarding the demographic features, clinical criteria, or routine RT-PCR Ct values across the variants. The clade diversity of the sequenced subpopulation (n = 99) exhibited similar distributions across the two study sites and other epidemiologic variables. Variant RT-PCR successfully distinguished variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs); however, 8% discrepancy was observed for the closest lineages. Moreover, the variant RT-PCR represented an ideal balance of cost, time, and accuracy that outweigh their limitations. Conclusion Based on the strong agreement of variant RT-PCR with TGS, such rapid, easily accessible approaches of rapid strain typing are essential in the context of pandemic responses to guide both treatment decisions and public health measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLiu Xingxing, Guangzhen Shi, Lidan Li, Rui Zhang, Jun Qiao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Liu Xingxing, Guangzhen Shi, Lidan Li, Rui Zhang, Jun Qiao Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can result in symptoms including infertility, abortion, testicular inflammation, and arthritis in affected sheep and cattle. The disease can spread through a range of mechanisms, making outbreaks difficult to control such that affected farms often suffer severe economic losses. In addition, humans can be affected by brucellosis, and the number of cases continues to rise annually. As rates of brucellosis in Xinjiang, China have been increasing substantially in recent years, this study was developed to assess brucellosis seroprevalence among herds of cattle, sheep, and camels in Xinjiang through the use of common diagnostic procedures like the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and PCR. A cross-sectional approach was used to analyze the seroprevalence of brucellosis across 720 total farm animals (320 camels, 250 sheep, and 150 cattle). RBT incidence rate for brucellosis was detected in 60 serum samples, 14 (4.38%) from camels, 45 (18%) from sheep, and 1 (0.67%) from cattle. PCR was performed as a confirmatory approach for these RBT-positive samples, with 55 ultimately being confirmed to be positive 13 (4.06%), 41 (16.4%), and 1 (0.67%) samples from camels, sheep, and cattle, respectively. In this survey, sheep exhibited the highest brucellosis seroprevalence using these two analytical techniques, while cattle exhibited the lowest seroprevalence and camels exhibited an intermediate rate. AMOS-PCR analyses identified Brucella melitensis as the unknown bacterium in some of these samples. These results offer new insight regarding brucellosis seroprevalence among farm animals that can be used to formulate more appropriate prevention and control policies, while also improving awareness of epidemic prevention efforts, the need for routine quarantine and disinfection, the benefits of scientific breeding and management, and approaches to improving breeding efficiency for the camel, cattle, and sheep industries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHabtu Debash, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Hussen Ebrahim, Ousman Mohammed, Daniel Gebretsadik, Mihret Tilahun, Agumas Shibabaw, Zewudu Mulatie, Bruktawit Eshetu, Saba Gebremichael, Alemu Gedefie
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Habtu Debash, Ermiyas Alemayehu, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Hussen Ebrahim, Ousman Mohammed, Daniel Gebretsadik, Mihret Tilahun, Agumas Shibabaw, Zewudu Mulatie, Bruktawit Eshetu, Saba Gebremichael, Alemu Gedefie Background Malaria and undernutrition pose challenges for children in conflict-affected areas. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors for these issues in war-torn communities is important to effectively design aid efforts and select interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of malaria and undernutrition among febrile children in northeast Ethiopia to help address these problems. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023. Four hundred twenty-two children were enrolled using a systematic random sampling technique. Data on associated factor variables were collected via questionnaire. Capillary blood samples were collected from each child to prepare thick and thin blood films, which were stained with Giemsa and examined microscopically. Height and weight measurements were also taken using a meter and a standard calibrated balance. The data were analyzed in SPSS 26.0 using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine associations between correlates, malaria infection, and undernutrition. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The overall malaria prevalence among screened children at temporary sites in the conflict-affected areas of Northeast Ethiopia was 65.9% (278/422). Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infections accounted for 74.1%, 19.8%, and 6.1% of the cases, respectively. The presence of stagnant water (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaewhan Kim, Kenechukwu C. Ben-Umeh, Rachel Weir, Karen Manotas, Kristi Kleinschmit, Aaron Fischer, Peter Weir, Fernando Wilson
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Jaewhan Kim, Kenechukwu C. Ben-Umeh, Rachel Weir, Karen Manotas, Kristi Kleinschmit, Aaron Fischer, Peter Weir, Fernando Wilson Previous studies have reported a potential occurrence of sleep disorders in patients following a COVID-19 infection. However, these findings were based on surveys or retrospective studies with small sample sizes. This study examined if subjects with a previous COVID-19 infection in 2020 experienced sleep disorders in 2021. Using the 2019–2021 Utah All Payers Claims Database (APCD), adults (≥18 to 62 years old in 2019) covered by private insurance and Medicaid were identified. Sleep disorders were identified from the primary and secondary diagnosis in 2021. Baseline characteristics of subjects such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, type of insurance, and comorbid conditions were identified from the database. Entropy balancing was used to balance the baseline characteristics of subjects with and without a COVID-19 infection in 2020. Weighted logistic regression was used to identify significant factors that were associated with sleep disorders. A total of 413,958 subjects were included in the study. The average (SD) age was 38 (17) years old in 2019 and 58% were female. Among the subjects, about 39% had a COVID-19 infection in 2020. Those who had a COVID-19 infection in 2020 were 53% more likely to have a sleep disorder in 2021 (OR = 1.53; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.48–1.58). Sleep disorders could be one of long-term COVID-19 symptoms. More screening and observations for those who had a COVID-19 infection could be important to improve sleep related problems.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBolin Li, Xinmeng Li, Jialing Liu, Yuanhe Gao, Yan Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.10.2024
Tilføjet 18.10.2024
by Bolin Li, Xinmeng Li, Jialing Liu, Yuanhe Gao, Yan Li Background Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge. Understanding its etiological factors, particularly the role of immune system components, is crucial. This study leverages Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between various immune cell features and the risk of developing breast cancer. Methods Utilizing two-sample MR analysis, we examined 731 immune cell features across 7 groups for their potential causal links to breast cancer. We analyzed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data of 257,730 Europeans, comprising 17,389 cases and 240,341 controls, focusing on 24,133,589 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Instrumental variables (IVs) were selected based on genetic associations, with rigorous statistical methods employed, including inverse variance weighting (IVW) and weighted median-based estimation. Results Our analysis identified 20 immunophenotypes with significant causal associations with breast cancer risk. Notably, contain B cell, mature T cell, T + B + NK (TBNK) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cell, Classic dendritic cells (cDCs), Monocyte, and Myeloid cell group features displayed positive or negative correlations with breast cancer. For instance, specific B cell phenotypes were found to have both positive and negative causal relationships with breast cancer. Additionally, reverse MR analysis revealed no significant causal effects of breast cancer on these immune characteristics. Conclusions This study underscores the complex interplay between various immune cell phenotypes and breast cancer risk. The identified immunophenotypes could be potential biomarkers or targets for future therapeutic interventions. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the immunological dimensions of breast cancer etiology.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Abstract Background Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) is a public health concern especially for pregnant women living in slums. The World Health Organization recommends at least three doses of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (SP) to prevent MiP. In Ghana, it is recommended that pregnant women receive a minimum of five doses of the medication. This study sought to determine the level of adherence to IPT5 policy and factors associated with adherence among pregnant women in a slum community in Ghana. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 232 nursing mothers and four healthcare workers at the St. Martin’s Memorial Hospital, Sukura, Ghana. Sociodemographic characteristics of nursing mothers were obtained using an interview-administered questionnaire. Data on the number of SP doses and other obstetrics characteristics were collected by reviewing the antenatal record books. To obtain information about healthcare and health system factors associated with adherence to the five-dose policy, four healthcare providers were interviewed. A data extraction form was used to obtain information about the availability of SP at the facility. Results The level of adherence to IPT5 was 8.6% (20/232) (95% CI 5.0–12.3) among the participants. Only 8.4% of the participants received their first dose at 16 weeks. Respondents who began ANC in the second trimester were 81% less likely to adhere to IPT5 than those who began in the first trimester (aOR = 0.19, 95% CI 90.01–0.65, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Abstract Purpose Since winter 2022, invasive GAS (iGAS) infections have re-emerged in Europe, causing severe diseases in children and adults. We aimed to examine whether this reported post-pandemic increase was associated with an increased disease severity and/or a shift in clinical disease phenotypes. Methods We performed detailed clinical phenotyping of patients hospitalized with iGAS infections at a 1410-bed tertiary German Medical Center from 01/2015 to 09/2023. Results One hundred seventy-eight patients were included: 50 children (28.1%) and 128 adults (71.9%). IGAS infections of Q1/2023 exceeded the pre-pandemic average by 551% (1200% for children). The mean age of affected patients shifted significantly post-pandemically (49.5 ± 26.5 to 32.4 ± 28.2 years of age, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Abstract Purpose This study aims to use bibliometric methods to explore the evolving landscape, hotspots, and emerging frontiers of pertussis vaccine research, providing deeper insights into the current research landscape and guiding future vaccine development efforts. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of the Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) from January 1, 1994, to December 31, 2023, employing search terms related to vaccination (vacc* or immun*) and pertussis (pertussis, Whooping Cough, Bordetella pertussis, B. pertussis, Bordetella pertussis infection, or B. pertussis infection) in the Title or Author keywords fields. Bibliometrics analysis of pertussis research was performed utilizing the bibliometrix-biblioshiny package in RStudio, alongside CiteSpace and VOSviewer software. Results In total, 2,623 records were analyzed, comprising 89.63% (n = 2,351) original research articles and 10.37% (n = 272) review articles. The study revealed that academic research on the pertussis vaccine was growing at a rate of 4.64% per year. The United States and Canada lead in the number of publications. GlaxoSmithKline and the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention– United States emerged as leading institutions, with Halperin SA and Locht C as the most active authors. Vaccine was the most influential journal. Most studies focused on vaccine effectiveness duration, vaccination schedules for high-risk groups, and people’s attitudes toward vaccination. Conclusion Our analysis showed increasing interest of researchers in pertussis literature, yet current research mainly emphasized expanding vaccine coverage and optimizing strategies, neglecting new vaccine development. This emphasized the need for prioritizing novel pertussis vaccines to tackle the resurgence challenge.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Abstract Purpose In the 2020 emergence of SARS-CoV-2, global response lacked unified treatment and surveillance, resulting in diverse impacts due to varied healthcare resources and national guidelines. Germany and Switzerland curbed the virus initially by promptly tracking and testing, bolstered by strong governmental capacity. This study aimed to assess country-specific healthcare disparities and their impact on ICU admission rates, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality. Methods To enhance healthcare quality using real-world data, the “Initiative of Quality Medicine” (IQM) was established. Pseudonymised routine data from participating hospitals, during 01/01/2019–31/12/2022, was retrospectively analysed, focusing on patients with SARI ± SARS-CoV-2-infection (U07.1). Cohorts were matched based on various factors and multivariable analyses included logistic regression. Results 1.421.922 cases of SARI ± U07.1 involving 386 German and 41 Swiss hospitals were included. Patients in Germany were older (mean: 69.4 vs. 66.5 years) and had more comorbidities than in Switzerland (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhang Lu, Tian Pu, Li Boning, Xu Ling, Qiu Lihua, Bi Zhaori, Chen Limei, Sui Long
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Elisa de A. N. Azevedo, Alexandre F. da Silva, Verônica G. da Silva, Lais C. Machado, Gustavo B. de Lima, Bruno I. M. Ishigami, Keilla M. Paz e Silva, Mayara M. de O. M. da Costa, Diego A. Falcão, Andreza P. Vasconcelos, Clintiano C. da Silva, Felipe G. Naveca, Matheus F. Bezerra, Tulio de L. Campos, Bartolomeu Acioli‐Santos, Marcelo H. S. Paiva, Clarice N. L. de Morais, Gabriel L. Wallau
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Alberto Rizzo, M. Mendola, F. Salari, Alessandra Lombardi, M. Longo, Andrea Giacomelli, P. Carrer, Maria Rita Gismondo
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Manuel Gil‐Mosquera, Ruth Gómez‐Guerra, Elena Sanz‐Rodríguez, Aránzazu Mata‐Martínez, Francisco López‐Medrano, Rafael San Juan, Julia Origüen, Lorena Castro‐Arias, José María Aguado, Mario Fernández‐Ruiz
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Xiaoping Huang, Xueliang Huang, Yushao Li, Lixia Li, Jiaman Liao, Hao Huang, Ying Zhao, Yiqiang Zhan
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Rogers, Brooke; Ramsey, Susan; Ames, Evan; Gomes, Nyx; Murphy, Matthew
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Introduction: Within the United States, individuals experiencing incarceration are at higher risk for HIV acquisition compared to the general population, yet may face additional difficulty engaging in HIV prevention clinical services. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective approach to preventing HIV transmission, and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that PrEP be offered in carceral settings, particularly during the vulnerable community re-entry period. However, there have been few efforts to scale PrEP in this setting. Methods: Based on our experience implementing PrEP in Rhode Island’s state carceral system, we have identified potential approaches to overcoming barriers to PrEP use in this unique practice environment by utilizing the implementation research logic model (IRLM). We then evaluated specific implementation determinants and barriers as well as strategies used to overcome those barriers to effectively scale PrEP in this setting. Results: We developed a “toolkit,” or 14-step guide, for others in the field to use for implementing PrEP in carceral settings including the development and use of clinical protocols as well as community linkage strategies. Discussion: Our experiences with barriers in the carceral setting, identifying and leveraging implementation strategies, allowed us to develop a “toolkit” to guide other PrEP implementation projects in carceral settings. We encourage others to scale-out our work to other carceral settings to better reach and engage a group of individuals both at elevated risk for HIV and currently underserved by HIV prevention strategies, including PrEP. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWanitchaya Kittikraisak, Yeny Tinoco, Min Z. Levine, Joshua A. Mott, Wiboon Kanjanapattanakul, Cesar Munayco, Boonsong Rawangban, Danielle Rentz Hunt, Sarita Mohanty, Meredith Wesley, Giselle Soto, Richard Florian, Oswaldo Gonzales, Santiago Cabrera, Edwin Llajaruna, Suvanna Asavapiriyanont, Damon W. Ellison, Parker Malek, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Fatimah S. Dawood
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends prioritizing pregnant persons for influenza vaccination and influenza vaccines have been shown to effectively reduce the risk of influenza illness among both pregnant people and their infants during the first few months of life.[1] However, use of influenza vaccines among pregnant persons remains low globally, in part because of insufficient information about the local burden of influenza. A WHO systematic review from 2017 highlighted the continued paucity of data about influenza disease burden among pregnant persons in low- and middle-income countries.[2,3]
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYun Sang Tang, Chee Wah Tan, Ka Chun Chong, Chunke Chen, Yuanxin Sun, Karen Yiu, Kwun Cheung Ling, Ken KP Chan, Malik Peiris, Chris Ka Pun Mok, David S Hui
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Since its emergence in January 2020, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has evolved from the ancestral Wuhan strain into multiple variants, including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Mu, and Omicron. The Omicron lineage first appeared as BA.1 in early 2022 and subsequently evolved into BA.2, BA.4/5, and XBB variants. In August 2023, the EG.5 subvariant of XBB emerged, followed by the antigenically distinct JN.1 variant in early 2024, which evolved from the BA.2.86 lineage. More recently, the JN.1 variant further evolved into a descendant strain, KP.2, which has been causing increasing numbers of infections since April 2024 [1–3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRemidius Kakulu, Josephine Kapinga, Sima Rugarabamu, Elison Kemibala, Medard Beyanga, Peter M Mbelele, Khalid Massa, Esther G. Kimaro, Emmanuel Mpolya
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral illness caused by the yellow fever virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes, predominantly the Aedes aegypti species [1]. Yellow fever poses a significant public health threat in tropical regions of Africa and the southern America, characterized by sporadic outbreaks and a potential for large-scale epidemics [2-4]. The disease manifests as a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild febrile illness to severe hepatitis and haemorrhagic fever.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChutchawan Ungthammakhun, Vasin Vasikasin, Waristha Simsiriporn, Piraporn Juntanawiwat, Dhitiwat Changpradub
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Acinetobacter baumannii has attracted increasing attention from clinicians worldwide due to its persistently rising levels of antimicrobial resistance and its role in causing nosocomial infections [1]. Its ability to acquire or upregulate various resistance determinants, leading to resistance against multiple classes of antibiotics, poses a significant challenge to current antibiotic therapies [2]. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has designated carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) as a critical priority pathogen [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElisa de Lazzari, Daniel K. Nomah, Jose L. Blanco, Naira Rico, Xabier Filella, Natalia Egri, Raquel Ruiz, Maria Angeles Marcos, Maria del Mar Mosquera, Jose Alcamí, Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino, Andreu Bruguera, Carmen Hurtado, Cristina Rovira, Juan Ambrosioni, Iván Chivite, Ana González-Cordón, Alexy Inciarte, Montserrat Laguno, María Martínez-Rebollar, Lorena de la Mora, Berta Torres, Yesika Díaz, Esteban Martínez, Josep Mallolas, Jose M. Miro, Hospital Clinic HIV investigators
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Studies on HIV and COVID-19 coinfection are inconclusive especially in the context of unvaccinated individuals.[1] The severity of COVID-19 outcomes among people with HIV (PWH) can vary based on specific settings, health system conditions, and individual clinical attributes such as age and comorbidities.[2] The protective role of antiretroviral therapy (ART), particularly tenofovir, has been a subject of debate. The inclination towards tenofovir as a viable treatment option for SARS-CoV-2 infection stems from the nucleotide analogue\'s capacity to inhibit RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, a pivotal enzyme for SARS-CoV-2 replication, [3] with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) exhibiting higher plasma concentrations compared to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF).[4] Nevertheless, the clinical effectiveness of tenofovir in COVID-19 patients remains uncertain, with conflicting findings emerging from studies among PWH.[1] The study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among unvaccinated PWH and to explore the impact of different factors including ART on the SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and COVID-19 severity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Abstract The development of SARS-CoV-2 next-generation vaccines with the potential for increased effectiveness, durability, breadth, and ability to decrease transmission are of public health importance. We highlight alternative routes of administration of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines such as mucosal and intradermal administration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2024
Tilføjet 17.10.2024
Abstract Background Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a growing public health threat, and early characterization of the resistance phenotype is essential for guiding treatment and mitigating the high mortality associated with the disease. However, the slow growth rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, necessitates several weeks for conventional culture-dependent drug susceptibility testing (DST). In addition, there are no widely available molecular diagnostic assays for evaluating resistance to newer tuberculosis drugs or drugs with complex resistance mechanisms.Methods We have developed a luciferase-based reporter mycobacteriophage assay that can determine drug resistance within 48 hours. We engineered the TM4 mycobacteriophage to express green enhanced nanoluciferase (GeNL) cassette and optimized DST for bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid, clofazimine, and rifampicin using clinical M. tuberculosis isolates.Results To assess the feasibility of this assay, we conducted a proof-of-principle study using 53 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. TM4::GeNL phage DST effectively distinguished between sensitive and resistant isolates for bedaquiline and rifampicin at a concentration of 0.125 μg/mL. Optimal differentiation between sensitive and resistant isolates for pretomanid, clofazimine, and linezolid was achieved at concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL, 0.25 μg/mL, and 1 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, TM4::GeNL DST identified low-level rifampicin resistance in clinical isolates even though they were classified as sensitive by Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube DST.Conclusions TM4::GeNL reporter phage DST offers a rapid method to identify M. tuberculosis drug resistance, including resistance to newer tuberculosis drugs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed