Ingen søgeord valgt.
28 emner vises.
1
Back to the Future of Viruses: A Case of Triple Coinfection caused by RSV, HCov-OC43 and Rhinovirus
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2023
Tilføjet 20.03.2023
This winter is particularly noteworthy, as common viruses are making a resurgence and spreading at an alarming rate, with an unprecedented outbreak of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) currently ongoing. It is important to remember that RSV can also pose a significant threat to the elderly and those with underlying health conditions [1], which is often overlooked given the focus on bronchiolitis in healthy children and the associated risk of hospitalization [2]. This is particularly concerning, as RSV is believed to be responsible for 14,000 deaths per year in the USA for people aged 65 and over; and it is estimated to cause the deaths of approximately 100,000 children worldwide annually.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
2
MDR-TB in children: are the same therapy options available worldwide?
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2023
Tilføjet 20.03.2023
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that about 10.6 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) worldwide in 2021, equivalent to 134 cases per 100,000 inhabitants [1-3]. Children aged under 15 years account for about 11% of TB cases, meaning >1 million new pediatric cases in 2021 [1, 3]. There were an estimated 1.6 million deaths due to TB in 2021, of which 14% involved children [1, 3]. Up to 80% of deaths occurred in children aged under 5 years [4].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
3
Characterization of the immune impairment of tuberculosis and COVID-19 coinfected patients
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2023
Tilføjet 20.03.2023
Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID 19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are the two leading causes of death in the world [1–3].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
4
Meningococcal factor H-binding protein: implications for disease susceptibility, virulence, and vaccines
Trends in Microbiology, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 19.03.2023
fHbp is a virulence factor expressed by the human-specific pathogen N. meningitidis, a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis worldwide which frequently asymptomatically colonizes the human upper airway. fHbp binds human CFH, a negative regulator of the complement system, and has multiple roles during meningococcal infection. fHbp was initially identified as a vaccine antigen, named GNA1870 [1] or LP2086 [2]. It was then shown that the meningococcus binds CFH to its surface via an ~33 kDa protein, promoting bacterial survival in serum [3].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
5
Mortality and risk factors of vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 frail patients treated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. A real-world study
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2023
Tilføjet 19.03.2023
There is a scarcity of data on outcomes and predictors of therapeutic failure of mAbs in frail COVID-19 patients.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
6
The Role of ALPK1 in Inhibiting HBV Replication Facilitates the Identification of ALPK1 P660L Variant for Predicting PegIFNα Therapy Response
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
AbstractBackgroundALPK1 agonist has recently been reported to demonstrate anti-HBV efficacy via activating NF-κB signaling, which is crucial for maximizing interferon responses. Here, we investigated the impact of ALPK1 on HBV replication, and explored ALPK1 variants for predicting PegIFNα treatment response.MethodsThe potential anti-HBV effect of ALPK1 was evaluated in HBV-integrated and HBV-infected hepatoma cells. The potentially functional genetic variants of ALPK1 were screened out and their correlations with PegIFNα treatment response were assessed in 945 HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.ResultsWe revealed that ALPK1 inhibited HBV replication in hepatocytes via activating the JAK-STAT pathway. ALPK1 overexpression improved the anti-HBV effect of IFNα in cell models. A missense variant, rs35389530 (P660L), of ALPK1 was strongly associated with combined response (CR, namely HBeAg seroconversion and HBV DNA level <3.3log10IU/ml) to PegIFNα treatment in CHB patients (P = 2.12 × 10−6). Moreover, a polygenic score (PGS) integrating ALPK1_rs35389530 and two additional genetic variants was further significantly associated with CR (Ptrend = 9.28 × 10−7), HBsAg level (Ptrend = 0.0002), and HBsAg loss (Ptrend = 0.025).ConclusionsThe anti-HBV effects of ALPK1 through activating JAK-STAT pathway provides a new perspective for CHB therapy. ALPK1_rs35389530 and PGS are potential biomarkers to predict PegIFNα treatment response and may be utilized for optimizing CHB treatment.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
7
Whipworm infection in mice increases co-infection of enteric pathogens, but promotes clearance of Ascaris larvae from the lungs
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
AbstractInfection with intestinal whipworms (Trichuris spp.) causes widespread morbidity and may alter responses to enteric and extraintestinal co-infections. Here, we show that Trichuris muris infection in mice increases co-infection with two evolutionary divergent enteric pathogens, the bacterium Citrobacter rodentium and the helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Co-infection caused reduced weight gain and promoted type-1-biased inflammation. In contrast, T. muris-infected mice were more resistant to migrating Ascaris suum larvae in the lungs. Our results highlight the divergent nature of pathogen interactions, and suggest that whipworm infection is a risk-factor for co-infections with other pathogens within the gastrointestinal tract.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
8
Beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in critically ill patients
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
9
The Who, What, When and Where of Inpatient Direct Oral Penicillin Challenge – Implications for health services implementation
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
AbstractInpatient direct oral challenge programs are increasingly deployed as part of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives to reduce the burden and impacts of penicillin allergy labels on antibiotic prescribing. Using data from a prospective multicentre cohort inpatient penicillin allergy program, we identify the key targets for delabeling to aid health service implementation.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
10
Serum ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament light chain are good entry points and biomarker candidates for neurosyphilis diagnosis among patients without HIV to avoid lumbar puncture
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
AbstractBackgroundLaboratory tests to diagnose neurosyphilis using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are currently disadvantageous as a lumbar puncture is required, which may result in patients with neurosyphilis missing an opportunity for early diagnosis. Thus, blood biomarker candidates that are more convenient and minimally invasive to collect for diagnosing neurosyphilis is urgently needed.MethodsThis observational study aimed to analyze serum ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NF-L) levels in 153 patients without HIV and to evaluate their diagnostic performance in neurosyphilis compared with CSF.ResultsSerum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L levels were significantly higher in patients with neurosyphilis compared with patients with uncomplicated syphilis or non-syphilis. For the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, serum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L revealed sensitivities of 90.20%, 80.40%, and 88.24%, and specificities of 92.16%, 78.43%, and 80.39%, respectively, at cut-off levels of 814.50 pg/mL, 442.70 pg/mL, and 45.19 pg/mL, respectively. In patients with syphilis, serum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L levels correlated strongly or moderately with those in the CSF, with similar or better diagnostic performance than those in the CSF. The testing algorithms’ sensitivity and specificity increased to 98.04% and 96.08%, respectively, when subjected to parallel and combination testing, respectively.ConclusionTo avoid lumbar puncture, each serum UCH-L1, GFAP, and NF-L is a good entry point and biomarker candidate for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis among patients without HIV. These proteins used in concerto can further improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
11
Reply to Mori et al
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
12
Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) of the human gut: design, assembly, and applications
FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
AbstractThe human gut harbors native microbial communities, forming a highly complex ecosystem. Synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) of the human gut are an assembly of microorganisms isolated from human mucosa or fecal samples. In recent decades, the ever-expanding culturing capacity and affordable sequencing, together with advanced computational modeling, started a ‘‘golden age’’ for harnessing the beneficial potential of SynComs to fight gastrointestinal disorders, such as infections and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. As simplified and completely defined microbiota, SynComs offer a promising reductionist approach to understanding the multi-species and multi-kingdom interactions in the microbe-host-immune axis. However, there are still many challenges to overcome before we can precisely construct SynComs of designed function and efficacy that allow the translation of scientific findings to patients' treatments. Here we discussed the strategies used to design, assemble, and test a SynCom, and address the significant challenges, which are of microbiological, engineering, and translational nature, that stand in the way of using SynComs as live bacterial therapeutics.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
13
Liver-stage Plasmodium infection tunes clinical outcomes
Trends in Parasitology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
Chora and colleagues show that infection of the liver by Plasmodium modulates severity of disease in the experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model by generating gamma delta (ɣδ) T cells that produce IL-17. This work calls into question the long-standing assumption that liver infection does not modulate severity of malaria.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
14
Parasitic worms affect virus coinfection: a mechanistic overview
Trends in Parasitology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
Parasite worms or helminths (see Glossary) are parasites of almost all vertebrates, including humans as well as wild and domestic mammals. Globally, helminths affect nearly a quarter of the human population, essentially infecting individuals living under poor hygienic conditions in low- and middle-income countries [1]. Such an epidemiologic situation explains the large geographic overlap between regions where helminth infections are endemic and areas where diseases caused by heterologous agents such as tuberculosis, malaria, or infection by HIV are prevalent.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
15
Breaking down microbial hierarchies
Trends in Microbiology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
Microbial communities that degrade natural polysaccharides are thought to have a hierarchical organization and one-way positive interactions from higher to lower trophic levels. Daniels et al. have recently shown that reciprocal interactions between trophic levels can occur and that these interactions change over the duration of a batch culture.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
16
Longer intervals between SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and mRNA‐1273 doses improve the neutralization of different variants of concern
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
17
Torque‐Teno Virus for the Prediction of Graft Rejection and Infection Disease after Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
18
The impact of statin therapy on in‐hospital prognosis and endothelial function of patients at high‐to‐very high cardiovascular risk admitted for COVID‐19
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
19
KSHV Hijacks FoxO1 to Promote Cell Proliferation and Cellular Transformation by Antagonizing Oxidative Stress
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
20
VC (virome‐comparison): a novel approach to comparing viromes based on virus species specificity and virome specificity diversity
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
21
Anticipating the transmissibility of the 2022 mpox outbreak
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
22
SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP8 suppresses type I and III IFN responses by modulating the RIG‐I/MDA5, TRIF, and STING signaling pathways
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
23
Antiviral and anti‐inflammatory activity of natural compounds against Japanese encephalitis virus via inhibition of NS5 protein and regulation of key immune and inflammatory signaling pathways
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
24
Overexpression of the Telomerase Holoenzyme Induces EMT and Tumorigenesis of HPV‐Immortalized Keratinocytes
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
25
Effects of maternal antenatal treatment with two doses of azithromycin added to monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the prevention of low birth weight in Burkina Faso: an open-label randomized controlled trial
Malaria Journal, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
Abstract Background Exposure during pregnancy to malaria and sexually-transmitted infections is associated with adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight (LBW). This study aimed at assessing if the adjunction of two doses of azithromycin to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy can reduce LBW. Methods A two parallel-groups, open-label randomized controlled trial involving pregnant women (16 to 35 years of age and 12 to 24 weeks of gestation as confirmed by last menstrual period or fundal height) was conducted in rural Burkina Faso. Women were assigned in a 1:1 ratio either to use azithromycin (1 g daily for 2 days) during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy plus monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (1500/75 mg) (SPAZ) (intervention) or to continue using a monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (1500/75 mg) (SP) (control). Primary outcome was a LBW (birth weight measured within 24 h after birth < 2500 g). Secondary outcomes including stillbirth, preterm birth or miscarriage are reported together with safety data. Results A total of 992 pregnant women underwent randomization (496 per group) and 898 (90.5%) valid birth weights were available (450 in SPAZ and 448 in SP). LBW incidence was 8.7% (39/450) in SPAZ and 9.4% (42/448) in controls (p-value = 0.79). Compared with controls, pregnant women with SPAZ showed a risk ratio (RR) of 1.16 (95% confidence interval (CI 0.64–2.08]) for preterm births, 0.75 (95% CI 0.17–3.35) for miscarriage and 0.64 (95% CI 0.25–1.64) for stillbirths. No treatment-related serious adverse events (SAEs) have been observed, and there was no significant difference in the number of SAEs (13.5% [67/496] in SPAZ, 16.7% [83/496] in SP, p-value = 0.18) or AEs (17.1% [85/496] in SPAZ, 18.8% [93/496] in SP, p-value = 0.56). Conclusion Adequate prevention regimen with monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine given to all pregnant women has been proved to reduce the risk of LBW in malaria endemic areas. Adding azithromycin to the regimen does not offer further benefits, as far as women receive a malaria prevention regimen early enough during pregnancy. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/Search.aspx): PACTR201808177464681. Registered 21 August 2018.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
26
[Articles] Nirsevimab binding-site conservation in respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein worldwide between 1956 and 2021: an analysis of observational study sequencing data
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
The nirsevimab binding site was highly conserved between 1956 and 2021. Nirsevimab escape variants were rare and have not increased over time.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
27
Sewer biofilms and SARS-CoV-2
Nat Rev Microbiol, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023
28
Composition and functions of bacterial membrane vesicles
Nat Rev Microbiol, 17.03.2023
Tilføjet 18.03.2023