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BMC Infectious Diseases, 27.05.2023
Tilføjet 27.05.2023
Abstract Background The Gambian Ministry of Health is supportive of HIV self-testing (HIVST) and HIVST initiatives are being piloted as an additional strategy to increase HIV testing for individuals not currently reached by existing services, particularly men. This study aimed to determine awareness of HIVST among Gambian men, and whether prior awareness of HIVST is associated with recent HIV testing uptake. Methods We used men’s cross-sectional data from the 2019–2020 Gambian Demographic and Health Survey. We employed design-adjusted multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between HIVST awareness and recent HIV testing. Propensity-score weighting was conducted as sensitivity analyses. Results Of 3,308 Gambian men included in the study, 11% (372) were aware of HIVST and 16% (450) received HIV testing in the last 12 months. In the design-adjusted multivariable analysis, men who were aware of HIVST had 1.76 times (95% confidence interval: 1.26–2.45) the odds of having an HIV test in the last 12 months, compared to those who were not aware of HIVST. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar findings. Conclusion Awareness of HIVST may help increase the uptake of HIV testing among men in Gambia. This finding highlights HIVST awareness-raising activities to be an important intervention for nationwide HIVST program planning and implementation in Gambia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.05.2023
Tilføjet 27.05.2023
BMC Infectious Diseases, 27.05.2023
Tilføjet 27.05.2023
Abstract Background Scedosporium is a lesser-known non-Aspergillus genus of mold that can present in unsuspecting ways. If overlooked, it may disseminate and cause high mortality in high-risk allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Case presentation This case report describes a 65-year-old patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia who underwent an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant after a period of prolonged neutropenia with fluconazole prophylaxis. She suffered severe debility with altered mentation from a S. apiospermum infection which likely disseminated from a toe wound to the lung and central nervous system. She was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole, but faced a prolonged recovery from physical and neurologic sequela. Conclusions The case highlights the importance of adequate anti-mold prophylaxis in high-risk patients, and the value of a thorough physical examination in this patient population, with particular attention to skin and soft tissue findings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.05.2023
Tilføjet 27.05.2023
Abstract Background Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a significant cause of morbimortality in children under chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The purpose of this study is to describe the changes in the IFD epidemiology that occurred in a Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit (PHOU) with an increasing activity over time. Methods Retrospective revision of the medical records of children (from 6 months to 18 years old) diagnosed with IFD in the PHOU of a tertiary hospital in Madrid (Spain), between 2006 and 2019. IFD definitions were performed according to the EORTC revised criteria. Prevalence, epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic parameters were described. Comparative analyses were conducted using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, according to three time periods, the type of infection (yeast vs mold infections) and the outcome. Results Twenty-eight episodes of IFD occurred in 27 out of 471 children at risk (50% males; median age of 9.8 years old, [IQR 4.9-15.1]), resulting in an overall global prevalence of 5.9%. Five episodes of candidemia and 23 bronchopulmonary mold diseases were registered. Six (21.4%), eight (28.6%) and 14 (50%) episodes met criteria for proven, probable and possible IFD, respectively. 71.4% of patients had a breakthrough infection, 28.6% required intensive care and 21.4% died during treatment. Over time, bronchopulmonary mold infections and breakthrough IFD increased (p=0.002 and p=0.012, respectively), occurring in children with more IFD host factors (p=0.028) and high-risk underlying disorders (p=0.012). A 64% increase in the number of admissions in the PHOU (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.05.2023
Tilføjet 27.05.2023
Abstract Introduction Deep sternal wound infection is a rare but feared complication of median thoracotomies and is usually caused by microorganisms from the patient’s skin or mucous membranes, the external environment, or iatrogenic procedures. The most common involved pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to evaluate the microbiological spectrum of deep sternal wound infections in our institution and to establish diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the patients with deep sternal wound infections at our institution between March 2018 and December 2021. The inclusion criteria were the presence of deep sternal wound infection and complete sternal osteomyelitis. Eighty-seven patients could be included in the study. All patients received a radical sternectomy, with complete microbiological and histopathological analysis. Results In 20 patients (23%) the infection was caused by S. epidermidis, in 17 patients (19.54%) by S. aureus, in 3 patients (3.45%) by Enterococcus spp., in 14 patients (16.09%) by gram-negative bacteria, while in 14 patients (16.09%) no pathogen could be identified. In 19 patients (21,84%) the infection was polymicrobial. Two patients had a superimposed Candida spp. infection. Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis was found in 25 cases (28,74%), while methicillin-resistant S. aureus was isolated in only three cases (3,45%). The average hospital stay for monomicrobial infections was 29.93 ± 13.69 days and for polymicrobial infections was 37.47 ± 19.18 (p = 0.03). Wound swabs and tissue biopsies were routinely harvested for microbiological examination. The increasing number of biopsies was associated with the isolation of a pathogen (4.24 ± 2.22 vs. 2.18 ± 1.6, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhen Wang, Hongkui Li, Yuhan Li, Zhuanli Wu, Hui Ai, Ming Zhang, Libin Rong, Michael L. Blinov, Qi Tong, Litao Liu, Honglei Sun, Juan Pu, Wenhai Feng, Jinhua Liu, Yipeng Sun
Emerg Microbes Infect, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Verónica A. Ferrando, Marcel E. Friedrich, Shrey Gandhi, Alexander Mellmann, Dörthe Masemann, Anmari Christersson, Darisuren Anhlan, Linda Brunotte, Monika Stoll, Timm Harder, Martin Beer, Yvonne Boergeling, Stephan Ludwig
Emerg Microbes Infect, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Rui Song, Gang Zeng, Jianxing Yu, Xing Meng, Xiaoyou Chen, Jing Li, Xiaoliang Xie, Xiaojuan Lian, Zhiyun Zhang, Yunlong Cao, Weidong Yin, Ronghua Jin
Emerg Microbes Infect, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Qian Wang, Andre Yanchen Yeh, Yicheng Guo, Hiroshi Mohri, Jian Yu, David D. Ho, Lihong Liu
Emerg Microbes Infect, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Brian Nyiro, Sharon Bright Amanya, Alice Bayiyana, Francis Wasswa, Eva Nabulime, Alex Kayongo, Immaculate Nankya, Gerald Mboowa, David Patrick Kateete and Obondo James Sande
Retrovirology, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Several mechanisms including reduced CCR5 expression, protective HLA, viral restriction factors, broadly neutralizing antibodies, and more efficient T-cell responses, have been reported to account for HIV cont...
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIlse Yolanda Osorio‐Aragón, Sonia Toussaint‐Caire, Simón Guzmán‐Bucio, Bibiana Monserrat Barbosa‐Ramírez, Víctor A. Vázquez‐Aceituno, Juan Xicohtencatl‐Cortes, Rigoberto Hernández‐Castro
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Xiaobin Huang, Binbin Xie, Jiali Long, Haiyan Chen, Hao Zhang, Lirui Fan, Shouyi Chen, Kuncai Chen, Yuehong Wei
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Omed A. Muhammed, Hiwa M. Tawfeeq, Sirwan M. A. Al‐Jaf, Sherko S. Niranji
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Han Zhao, Rongqiu Liu, Yu Tao, Luca Bertero, Lizhi Feng, Bo Liu, Zhimin Chen, Jialong Guan, Baolin Liao, Linghua Li, Haolan He, Hua You
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Rui Song, Xiaoyou Chen, Baoliang Li, Hongbin Zhang, Xiaodi Guo, Zhe Liu, Liangfeng Zou, Xiao Liang, Cong Lei, Fengfeng Mao, Jianhua Sui, Wenhui Li, Ronghua Jin
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Ayad M. Ali, Ahmed M. Tofiq, Hassan M. Rostam, Kameran M. Ali, Hassan M. Tawfeeq
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the effects of HIV on resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in a large cohort of people living with HIV (PWH) and healthy controls without HIV (PWoH). Within PWH analyses focused on the effects of viral suppression and cognitive impairment on RSFC.MethodsA total of 316 PWH on stable combination antiretroviral therapy and 209 demographically matched PWoH were scanned at a single institution. Effects of the virus were examined by grouping PWH by detectable (viral load > 20 copies/ml; VLD) and undetectable (VLU) viral loads and as being cognitively impaired (CI) (Global Deficit Score ≥ 0.5) or cognitively normal (CN). Regression analysis, Object Oriented Data Analysis, and spring embedded graph models were applied to RSFC measures from 298 established brain ROIs comprising 13 brain networks to examine group differences.ResultsNo significant RSFC differences were observed between PWH and PWoH. Within PWH, there were no significant differences in RSFC between VLD and VLU subgroups and CI and CN subgroups.ConclusionThere were no significant effects of HIV on RSFC in our relatively large cohort of PWH and PWoH. Future studies could increase the sample size and combine with other imaging modalities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundBone mineral density (BMD) loss may be accelerated in people with HIV (PLWH). It is unknown whether an individual polygenic risk score (PRS) is associated with low BMD in PLWH.MethodsWe included Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants of self-reported European descent, each with >2 per-protocol Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements >2 years apart (2011-2020). We obtained uni-/multivariable odds ratios (OR) for DXA-defined osteoporosis based on traditional and HIV-related osteoporosis risk factors and a genome-wide PRS built from 9413 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with low BMD in the general population. Controls were free from osteoporosis/osteopenia on all DXA measurements.ResultsWe included 438 participants (149 with osteoporosis, 289 controls; median age, 53 years, 82% male, 95% with suppressed HIV RNA). Participants with unfavorable osteoporosis-PRS (top vs. bottom PRS quintile) had univariable and multivariable-adjusted osteoporosis OR=4.76 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.34-9.67) and 4.13 (1.86-9.18), respectively. For comparison, hepatitis C seropositivity, 5-year tenofovir disoproxil fumarate exposure, and parent history of hip fracture had univariable osteoporosis-OR=2.26 (1.37-3.74), 1.84 (1.40-2.43), and 1.54 (0.82-2.9), respectively.ConclusionsIn PLWH in Switzerland, osteoporosis was independently associated with a BMD-associated PRS, after adjustment for established osteoporosis risk factors including exposure to tenofovir DF.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundOn May 6, 2022, a powerful outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) had been reported outside of Africa, with many continuing new cases being reported around the world. Analysis of mutations among the two different lineages present in the 2021 and 2022 outbreaks revealed the presence of G->A mutations occurring in the 5’GpA context, indicative of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase activity.MethodsBy using a sensitive PCR (3D-PCR) method allowing differential amplification of AT-rich DNA, we analyzed the level of APOBEC3-induced MPXV editing in infected cells and in patients.ResultsWe demonstrate that G->A hypermutated MPXV genomes can be recovered experimentally from APOBEC3 transfection followed by MPXV infection. Here, among the 7 human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases (A3A-A3C, A3DE, A3F-A3H), only APOBEC3F was capable of extensively deaminating cytidine residues in MPXV genomes. Hyperedited genomes were also recovered in ∼42% of analyzed patients. Moreover, we demonstrate that substantial repair of these mutations occurs. Upon selection, corrected G->A mutations escaping drift loss contribute to the MPXV evolution observed in the current epidemic.ConclusionsStochastic or transient overexpression of APOBEC3F gene exposes the MPXV genome to a broad spectrum of mutations that may be modeling the mutational landscape after multiple cycles of viral replication.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 25 May 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Helen L. Wu, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Whitney C. Weber, Courtney M. Waytashek, Carla D. Boyle, Katherine B. Bateman, Jason S. Reed, Joseph M. Hwang, Christine Shriver-Munsch, Tonya Swanson, Mina Northrup, Kimberly Armantrout, Heidi Price, Mitch Robertson-LeVay, Samantha Uttke, Mithra R. Kumar, Emily J. Fray, Sol Taylor-Brill, Stephen Bondoc, Rebecca Agnor
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNiccolò Buetti, Stéphane Ruckly, Bertrand Souweine, Olivier Mimoz, Jean-François Timsit
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
We aimed to describe the infectious risk during the dwell-time for different catheter types. Further, we wanted to identify risk factors for infections from catheters in place for >10 days.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundLyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the United States, yet its host factors are poorly understood and diagnostic tests are limited. We evaluated patients in a large health system to uncover the role of cholesterol in the susceptibility, severity, and machine learning-based diagnosis of Lyme disease.MethodsA longitudinal health system cohort comprised 1,019,175 individuals with electronic health record data and 50,329 with linked genetic data. Associations of blood cholesterol level, a cholesterol genetic score comprising common genetic variants, and burden of rare loss-of-function (LoF) variants in cholesterol metabolism genes with Lyme disease were investigated. A portable machine learning model was constructed and tested to predict Lyme disease using routine lipid and clinical measurements.ResultsThere were 3,832 cases of Lyme disease. Increasing cholesterol was associated with greater risk of Lyme disease and hypercholesterolemia was more prevalent in Lyme disease cases than controls. Cholesterol genetic scores and rare LoF variants in CD36 and LDLR were associated with elevated Lyme disease risk. Serological profiling of cases revealed parallel trajectories of rising cholesterol and immunoglobulin levels over the disease course, including marked increases in individuals with LoF variants and high cholesterol genetic scores. The machine learning model predicted Lyme disease solely using routine lipid panel, blood count, and metabolic measurements.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the value of large-scale genetic and clinical data to reveal host factors underlying infectious disease biology, risk, and prognosis, and the potential for their clinical translation to machine learning diagnostics that do not need specialized assays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis infection (TBI) and tuberculosis disease (TBD) incidence remains poorly described following household contact (HHC) rifampin-/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis exposure. We sought to characterize TBI and TBD incidence at one-year in HHCs and to evaluate tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) use in high-risk groups.MethodsWe previously conducted a cross-sectional study of HHCs of rifampin-/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in 8 high-burden countries and re-assessed TBI (interferon-gamma release assay, HHCs ≥5 years) and TBD (HHCs all ages) at one-year. Incidence was estimated across age and risk groups (age
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUlrike Pfreundt, Jonasz Słomka, Giulia Schneider, Anupam Sengupta, Francesco Carrara, Vicente Fernandez, Martin Ackermann, Roman Stocker
Science, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Jennifer Couzin-Frankel
Science, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Robert F. Service
Science, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Meri Eichner, Keisuke Inomura, Juan José Pierella Karlusich, Yeala Shaked
Trends in Microbiology, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Trichodesmium is a globally abundant, marine N2-fixing cyanobacterium (see Glossary). Recordings of the vast surface blooms formed by this organism date back to the late 1700s, including the famous expeditions led by James Cook [1] and Charles Darwin [2]. In the last decade, high-throughput genetic surveys targeting the abundance and/or transcription of nifH genes (encoding a subunit of the N2-fixing protein nitrogenase) and data-driven modeling confirmed the wide spatiotemporal distribution of Trichodesmium [3–7], (Figure 1A).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTalha Burki
Lancet, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
A court case was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, but the judge said that The Global Fund had intentionally smeared IRD, which supports tuberculosis care in Pakistan. Talha Burki reports.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOrnella Verrastro, Simona Panunzi, Lidia Castagneto-Gissey, Andrea De Gaetano, Erminia Lembo, Esmeralda Capristo, Caterina Guidone, Giulia Angelini, Francesco Pennestrì, Luca Sessa, Fabio Maria Vecchio, Laura Riccardi, Maria Assunta Zocco, Ivo Boskoski, James R Casella-Mariolo, Pierluigi Marini, Maurizio Pompili, Giovanni Casella, Enrico Fiori, Francesco Rubino, Stefan R Bornstein, Marco Raffaelli, Geltrude Mingrone
Lancet, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Bariatric-metabolic surgery is more effective than lifestyle interventions and optimised medical therapy in the treatment of NASH.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis, Ornella Moschovaki-Zeiger, Christos Koutserimpas, Stavros Spiliopoulos
Lancet, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
A 60-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with a 4-day history of mild, diffuse abdominal pain and discomfort in her abdomen. The patient\'s medical history was unremarkable apart from a cholelithiasis-related cholecystectomy which had been done 12 years earlier.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIfedayo Adetifa, Jean-Jacques Muyembe, Daniel G Bausch, David L Heymann
Lancet, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic viral disease endemic in parts of Africa. In May, 2022, the world was alerted to circulation of monkeypox virus in many high-income countries outside of Africa. Continued spread resulted in a WHO declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Although there has been much attention on the global outbreak, most of the focus has been on high-income countries outside of Africa, despite the fact that monkeypox virus has been causing disease in parts of Africa for at least 50 years.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPranav Maddali, Anthony Ambesi, Paula J. McKeown-Longo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Pranav Maddali, Anthony Ambesi, Paula J. McKeown-Longo Changes in the organization and structure of the fibronectin matrix are believed to contribute to dysregulated wound healing and subsequent tissue inflammation and tissue fibrosis. These changes include an increase in the EDA isoform of fibronectin as well as the mechanical unfolding of fibronectin type III domains. In previous studies using embryonic foreskin fibroblasts, we have shown that fibronectin’s EDA domain (FnEDA) and the partially unfolded first Type III domain (FnIII-1c) function as Damage Associated Molecular Pattern (DAMP) molecules to stimulate the induction of inflammatory cytokines by serving as agonists for Toll-Like Receptor-4 (TLR4). However, the role of signaling molecules downstream of TLR-4 such as TGF-β Activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) and Mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) in regulating the expression of fibronectin DAMP induced inflammatory genes in specific cell types is not known. In the current study, we evaluate the molecular steps regulating the fibronectin driven induction of inflammatory genes in three human fibroblast cell lines: embryonic foreskin, adult dermal, and adult kidney. The fibronectin derived DAMPs each induce the phosphorylation and activation of TAK1 which results in the activation of two downstream signaling arms, IKK/NF-κB and MAPK. Using the specific inhibitor 5Z-(7)-Oxozeanol as well as siRNA, we show TAK1 to be a crucial signaling mediator in the release of cytokines in response to fibronectin DAMPs in all three cell types. Finally, we show that FnEDA and FnIII-1c induce several pro-inflammatory cytokines whose expression is dependent on both TAK1 and JNK MAPK and highlight cell-type specific differences in the gene-expression profiles of the fibroblast cell-lines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBenjamin D. Young, Stephanie M. Rosales, Ian C. Enochs, Graham Kolodziej, Nathan Formel, Amelia Moura, Gabrielle L. D’Alonso, Nikki Traylor-Knowles
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Benjamin D. Young, Stephanie M. Rosales, Ian C. Enochs, Graham Kolodziej, Nathan Formel, Amelia Moura, Gabrielle L. D’Alonso, Nikki Traylor-Knowles Reef-building corals contain a complex consortium of organisms, a holobiont, which responds dynamically to disease, making pathogen identification difficult. While coral transcriptomics and microbiome communities have previously been characterized, similarities and differences in their responses to different pathogenic sources has not yet been assessed. In this study, we inoculated four genets of the Caribbean branching coral Acropora palmata with a known coral pathogen (Serratia marcescens) and white band disease. We then characterized the coral’s transcriptomic and prokaryotic microbiomes’ (prokaryiome) responses to the disease inoculations, as well as how these responses were affected by a short-term heat stress prior to disease inoculation. We found strong commonality in both the transcriptomic and prokaryiomes responses, regardless of disease inoculation. Differences, however, were observed between inoculated corals that either remained healthy or developed active disease signs. Transcriptomic co-expression analysis identified that corals inoculated with disease increased gene expression of immune, wound healing, and fatty acid metabolic processes. Co-abundance analysis of the prokaryiome identified sets of both healthy-and-disease-state bacteria, while co-expression analysis of the prokaryiomes’ inferred metagenomic function revealed infected corals’ prokaryiomes shifted from free-living to biofilm states, as well as increasing metabolic processes. The short-term heat stress did not increase disease susceptibility for any of the four genets with any of the disease inoculations, and there was only a weak effect captured in the coral hosts’ transcriptomic and prokaryiomes response. Genet identity, however, was a major driver of the transcriptomic variance, primarily due to differences in baseline immune gene expression. Despite genotypic differences in baseline gene expression, we have identified a common response for components of the coral holobiont to different disease inoculations. This work has identified genes and prokaryiome members that can be focused on for future coral disease work, specifically, putative disease diagnostic tools.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXuecheng Li, Yi Lu, Xiaoshuang Liang, Xiaofei Zhou, Dirui Li, Zan Zhang, Yunchao Niu, Shuaishuai Liu, Ling Ye, Rufeng Zhang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Xuecheng Li, Yi Lu, Xiaoshuang Liang, Xiaofei Zhou, Dirui Li, Zan Zhang, Yunchao Niu, Shuaishuai Liu, Ling Ye, Rufeng Zhang Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high prevalence worldwide, with a significant proportion of patients progressing into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and further into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most of the current animal models of NASH have limitations, such as incompatibility with human pathogenesis characteristics or long induction periods, which severely limit the development of new drugs and preclinical studies for NASH. We investigated the progression of NASH and fibrosis, as well as metabolic indicators, at different time points in aged mice induced by the Gubra Amylin NASH (GAN) diet, a high-fat, high-sugar, high-cholesterol diet, and attempted to establish a rapid and useful mouse model of NASH. Young and aged C57BL/6 mice were induced on a normal chow or GAN diet for 12 and 21 weeks, respectively. After 12 weeks of induction, aged mice developed NASH, including hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation and hepatic ballooning, and the phenotype was more severe compared with young mice. After 21 weeks of induction, aged mice developed hepatic fibrosis, which greatly shortened the induction time compared with young mice. Furthermore, analysis of immune cell infiltration in the liver by flow cytometry elucidated the changes of multiple immune cells during the pathogenesis of NASH. These findings suggest that aged mice may develop NASH and fibrosis more rapidly under GAN diet induction, which may significantly shorten the period for preclinical studies of NASH.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMargit Eero, Keith Brander, Tatjana Baranova, Uwe Krumme, Krzysztof Radtke, Jane W. Behrens
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Margit Eero, Keith Brander, Tatjana Baranova, Uwe Krumme, Krzysztof Radtke, Jane W. Behrens The Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) stock is currently in a very poor state, with low biomass and adverse trends in several life history and demographic parameters. This raises concern over whether and to what level recovery is possible. Here, we look for new insights from a historical perspective, extending the time series of various stock health indicators back to the 1940s, i.e. to the beginning of intensive exploitation of the Eastern Baltic cod. The historical data confirm that the stock deterioration in recent years is unprecedented, as all indicators are presently in their worst states on record. Cod body condition and energy reserves were equally low in the 1940s–1950s, accompanied by high parasitic liver worm infection, comparable to that measured in recent years. However, other stock parameters (size structure, size at maturity, stock distribution) are currently in their worst states over the past 80 years. In contrast, the state of cod in the 1970s to early 1990s that is often perceived as a desirable target, was exceptional, with the most favorable indicator levels in the time series. Long-term observation data reveal concurrent or asynchronous trends in different indicators of stock health and to what extent these have coincided with changes in possible external drivers. In this way, the extended time series contribute to ongoing research on understanding the collapse of the cod and its recovery potential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXuechun Mao, Ying Chen, Cong Deng, Xiaqing Zhou
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Xuechun Mao, Ying Chen, Cong Deng, Xiaqing Zhou Most existing secure biometric authentication schemes are server-centric, and users must fully trust the server to store, process, and manage their biometric data. As a result, users’ biometric data could be leaked by outside attackers or the service provider itself. This paper first constructs the EDZKP protocol based on the inner product, which proves whether the secret value is the Euclidean distance of the secret vectors. Then, combined with the Cuproof protocol, we propose a novel user-centric biometric authentication scheme called BAZKP. In this scheme, all the biometric data remain encrypted during authentication phase, so the server will never see them directly. Meanwhile, the server can determine whether the Euclidean distance of two secret vectors is within a pre-defined threshold by calculation. Security analysis shows BAZKP satisfies completeness, soundness, and zero-knowledge. Based on BAZKP, we propose a privacy-preserving biometric authentication system, and its evaluation demonstrates that it provides reliable and secure authentication.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoyce Gyamfi, Juliet Iwelunmor, Shivani Patel, Vilma Irazola, Angela Aifah, Ashlin Rakhra, Mark Butler, Rajesh Vedanthan, Giang Nguyen Hoang, Monicah Nyambura, Hoa Nguyen, Cuc Nguyen, Kwaku Poku Asante, Solomon Nyame, Kwame Adjei, John Amoah, Kingsley Apusiga, Kezia Gladys Amaning Adjei, Manuel Ramierz-Zea, Diego Hernandez, Meredith Fort, Hanspria Sharma, Prashant Jarhyan, Emmanuel Peprah, Gbenga Ogedegbe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Joyce Gyamfi, Juliet Iwelunmor, Shivani Patel, Vilma Irazola, Angela Aifah, Ashlin Rakhra, Mark Butler, Rajesh Vedanthan, Giang Nguyen Hoang, Monicah Nyambura, Hoa Nguyen, Cuc Nguyen, Kwaku Poku Asante, Solomon Nyame, Kwame Adjei, John Amoah, Kingsley Apusiga, Kezia Gladys Amaning Adjei, Manuel Ramierz-Zea, Diego Hernandez, Meredith Fort, Hanspria Sharma, Prashant Jarhyan, Emmanuel Peprah, Gbenga Ogedegbe Guidance on contextually tailored implementation strategies for the prevention, treatment, and control of hypertension is limited in lower-middle income countries (Lower-MIC). To address this limitation, we compiled implementation strategies and accompanying outcomes of evidence-based hypertension interventions currently being implemented in five Lower-MIC. The Global Research on Implementation and Translation Science (GRIT) Coordinating Center (CC) (GRIT-CC) engaged its global network sites at Ghana, Guatemala, India, Kenya, and Vietnam. Purposively sampled implementation science experts completed an electronic survey assessing implementation outcomes, in addition to implementation strategies used in their ongoing hypertension interventions from among 73 strategies within the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC). Experts rated the strategies based on highest priority to their interventions. We analyzed the data by sorting implementation strategies utilized by sites into one of the nine domains in ERIC and summarized the data using frequencies, proportions, and means. Seventeen implementation experts (52.9% men) participated in the exercise. Of Proctor’s implementation outcomes identified across sites, all outcomes except for appropriateness were broadly assessed by three or more countries. Overall, 59 out of 73 (81%) strategies were being utilized in the five countries. The highest priority implementation strategies utilized across all five countries focused on evaluative and iterative strategies (e.g., identification of context specific barriers and facilitators) to delivery of patient- and community-level interventions, while the lowest priority was use of financial and infrastructure change strategies. More capacity building strategies (developing stakeholder interrelationships, training and educating stakeholders, and supporting clinicians) were incorporated into interventions implemented in India and Vietnam than Ghana, Kenya, and Guatemala. Although robust implementation strategies are being used in Lower -MICs, there is minimum use of financial and infrastructure change strategies. Our study contributes to the growing literature that demonstrates the use of Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) implementation strategies to deliver evidence-based hypertension interventions in Lower-MICs and will inform future cross-country data harmonization activities in resource-constrained settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedValerian Mwenda, Joan-Paula Bor, Mary Nyangasi, James Njeru, Sharon Olwande, Patricia Njiri, Marc Arbyn, Steven Weyers, Philippe Tummers, Marleen Temmerman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Valerian Mwenda, Joan-Paula Bor, Mary Nyangasi, James Njeru, Sharon Olwande, Patricia Njiri, Marc Arbyn, Steven Weyers, Philippe Tummers, Marleen Temmerman Background Globally, cervical cancer is a major public health problem, with about 604,000 new cases and over 340,000 deaths in 2020. In Kenya, it is the leading cause of cancer deaths, with over 3,000 women dying in 2020 alone. Both the Kenyan cancer screening guidelines and the World Health Organization’s Global Cervical Cancer Elimination Strategy recommend human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the primary screening test. However, HPV testing is not widely available in the public healthcare system in Kenya. We conducted a pilot study using a point of care (POC) HPV test to inform national roll-out. Methods The pilot was implemented from October 2019 to December 2020, in nine health facilities across six counties. We utilized the GeneXpert platform (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), currently used for TB, Viral load testing and early infant diagnosis for HIV, for HPV screening. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) was used for triage of HPV-positive women, as recommended in national guidelines. Quality assurance (QA) was performed by the National Oncology Reference Laboratory (NORL), using the COBAS 4800 platform (Roche Molecular System, Pleasanton, CF, USA). HPV testing was done using either self or clinician-collected samples. We assessed the following screening performance indicators: screening coverage, screen test positivity, triage compliance, triage positivity and treatment compliance. Test agreement between local GeneXpert and central comparator high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing for a random set of specimens was calculated as overall concordance and kappa value. We conducted a final evaluation and applied the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to identify implementation challenges and opportunities. Key findings The screening coverage of target population was 27.0% (4500/16,666); 52.8% (2376/4500) were between 30–49 years of age. HPV positivity rate was 22.8% (1027/4500). Only 10% (105/1027) of HPV positive cases were triaged with VIA/VILI; 21% (22/105) tested VIA/VILI positive, and 73% (16/22) received treatment (15 received cryotherapy, 1 was referred for biopsy). The median HPV testing turnaround time (TAT) was 24 hours (IQR 2–48 hours). Invalid sample rate was 2.0% (91/4500). Concordance between the Cepheid and COBAS was 86.2% (kappa value = 0.71). Of 1042 healthcare workers, only 5.6% (58/1042) were trained in cervical cancer screening and treatment, and only 69% (40/58) of those trained were stationed at service provision areas. Testing capacity was identifed as the main challenge, while the community strategy was the main opportunity. Conclusion HPV testing can be performed on GeneXpert as a near point of care platform. However, triage compliance and testing TAT were major concerns. We recommend strengthening of the screening-triage-treatment cascade and expansion of testing capacity, before adoption of a GeneXpert-based HPV screening among other near point of care platforms in Kenya.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKristina Vingrys, Helen McCarthy, Ricardo Segurado, James R. Hébert, Catherine M. Phillips
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
by Kristina Vingrys, Helen McCarthy, Ricardo Segurado, James R. Hébert, Catherine M. Phillips Introduction Diet-related inflammation is associated with adiposity. Obesity and inflammation in early life may have adverse health outcomes in later life; however, the socio-ecological predictors of a pro-inflammatory diet in childhood and adolescence are not well understood. This rapid scoping review aims to summarise the current state of research from observational studies investigating socio-ecological predictors (childhood, parental, familial, demographic and chronobiological risk factors) and their association with diet-associated inflammation and adiposity in children and adolescents. Methods This scoping review will be conducted using the frameworks based on the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O’Malley and the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) mnemonic. Searches were conducted in OVID Medline, Cinahl and Embase, with adaptations as required. The piloted study selection process will utilise two reviewers for study selection, with reference lists checked for included studies. A third reviewer will moderate disagreements. Data will be extracted by one reviewer and calibrated by a second reviewer. Results The results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist and PRISMA-ScR flow diagram. The main findings will be synthesised into themes and concepts narratively. Tables and graphs will present frequencies, study details and categorical descriptions. Discussion This scoping review will provide an overview of the research conducted to date regarding predictors of diet-related inflammation in childhood and their associations with adiposity. Better understanding of the factors associated with a more inflammatory diet in childhood may be useful for clinicians and policy makers when designing and implementing health interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCatherine A. Hogan, Steve Miller, Anne Piantadosi, David C. Gaston, Patricia J. Simner, Stephen Nash, N. Esther Babady
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
The successful application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS; or clinical metagenomics) for the diagnosis of infectious diseases directly from a clinical specimen generated significant interest from a high-profile report nearly a decade ago [1]. Several case series have since emerged, generating further interest, and building momentum for clinical use. Metagenomic NGS holds promise to improve and streamline the diagnosis of infectious diseases due to its untargeted nature, facilitating organism detection without a priori knowledge of the differential diagnosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRavindra Dotel., Asha C. Bowen, Ouli Xie, Katherine B. Gibney., Jonathan Carapetis., Joshua S. Davis., Steven Y.C. Tong, Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Network
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.05.2023
Tilføjet 26.05.2023
β-haemolytic group A Streptococcus (GAS) and groups C/G Streptococcus (GCGS) are closely related. GCGS of human origin are mostly caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE), which shares an ecological niche and disease spectrum with GAS, including the ability to cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and necrotising fasciitis[1,2].
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