Aktuelle smitsomme sygdomme
Søgeord (hepatitis) valgt.
13 emner vises.
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2024
Tilføjet 31.08.2024
The rules about whom to screen and vaccinate for hepatitis B are now more clinician-friendly. The Curbsiders
Læs mereJulien Beauté and Francesco Innocenti
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 17.08.2024
Tilføjet 17.08.2024
Background There are differences between males and females for most diseases both for exposure and course of illness, including outcome. These differences can be related to biological sex or gender i.e. socio-cultural factors that may impact exposure and healthcare access. Aim We aimed to quantify differences between males and females in infectious disease notifications in Europe and identify countries with these differences significantly different from the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) average. Methods Notifiable infectious disease surveillance data are reported by EU/EEA countries to ECDC. We retrieved surveillance data for 2012−2021. Using a cut-off median of annual disability-adjusted life years above 1 per 100,000 population, we included 16 infectious diseases. We calculated median male proportion and interquartile range by disease, year, country and age group and used boxplots to identify outliers. Results For campylobacteriosis, acute hepatitis B, Legionnaires’ disease, malaria and HIV and AIDS, all countries had male proportion above 50%. Most countries had a male proportion below 50% for pertussis (25/28 countries), STEC infection (21/28 countries) and Chlamydia trachomatis infection (16/24 countries). Chlamydia trachomatis infection and listeriosis showed the greatest dispersion of male proportion across age groups. Most outliers were countries reporting few cases. Conclusion We observed important differences in male proportion across infectious disease notifications in EU/EEA countries. For some diseases with high male proportions in all countries, such as HIV and hepatitis B, behaviours play a role in disease transmission. Screening offered to specific populations may explain differences across countries for example for C. trachomatis infection.
Læs mereMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.08.2024
Tilføjet 2.08.2024
This report describes progress toward eliminating hepatitis B and C in the country of Georgia.
Læs mereMedscape Infectious Diseases, 29.07.2024
Tilføjet 29.07.2024
This requires sensitivity to stigmas and awareness of hepatitis B and C prevalence in local communities. Medscape Medical News
Læs mereMira Hleyhel, Julia Geller, Amal Sadou, Paul Naaber, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Sigrid Vorobjov, Marleen Lõhmus, Martina Furegato, Suzanne Reed, Benjamin Bluemel, Erika Duffell and Kristi Rüütel
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
IntroductionObtaining epidemiological data on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential to monitor progress towards the hepatitis C elimination targets. AimWe aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic HCV and the seroprevalence of HCV in the adult general population in Estonia. MethodsThis cross-sectional study, conducted between 12 July and 6 December 2022, included anonymised residual sera collected prospectively from patients 18 years and older visiting a general practitioner in all counties of Estonia. Specimens were considered HCV-seropositive if they tested positive for HCV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay, confirmed by line-immunoblot assay. Chronic HCV infection was determined by positive RT-qPCR. ResultsWe tested a total of 4,217 specimens. The estimated HCV seroprevalence and prevalence of chronic HCV infection were 1.8% (95% CI: 1.4–2.2) and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.5–1.1), respectively, with ca 8,100 persons estimated to have chronic HCV infection in the general adult population of Estonia. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence of chronic HCV infection were observed between sexes, counties or age groups, with the highest prevalence rates observed in men (sex ratio: 1.7), Ida-Virumaa County (1.8%; 95% CI: 0.8–3.6) and the age group 40–49 years (1.7%; 95% CI: 0.9–2.9). ConclusionThis study found an overall low prevalence of chronic HCV infection in Estonia. Continued efforts should be made for the targeted screening, diagnosis and treatment of individuals with chronic HCV infection to achieve hepatitis elimination targets.
Læs mereMira Hleyhel, Odette Popovici, Mihaela Leuștean, Suzanne Reed, Amal Sadou, Martina Furegato, Benjamin Bluemel, Erika Duffell and Otilia Mardh
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
IntroductionA national study from 2006 to 2008 showed a high antibody prevalence of 3.2% against hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Romania, but more recent epidemiological data on hepatitis C prevalence are lacking. AimWe aimed to estimate the current prevalence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) and chronic HCV infection in the general adult population in Romania, as a crucial element in monitoring progress towards eliminating hepatitis C. MethodsWe used anonymised leftover sera from a SARS-CoV-2 survey conducted between July and October 2020 (n = 2,100), supplemented with sera collected prospectively between July 2022 and March 2023 (n = 574). These included sera collected from adults visiting laboratories for routine medical check-ups. Sera were tested for anti-HCV and HCV core antigen and classified according to anti-HCV and chronic infection status. ResultsOf the total 2,674 specimens tested, 44 were anti-HCV-positive with a weighted anti-HCV prevalence of 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0–1.9), and 29 were HCV core antigen-positive with a weighted prevalence of chronic infection of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5–1.2). The prevalence of chronic infection did not differ significantly between men and women. It was higher in persons 60 years and older (2.0%; 95% CI: 1.1–3.0) and in specimens from the North-East region (2.2%; 95% CI: 0.8–3.7). ConclusionAlthough the overall HCV prevalence in Romania is currently low, targeted screening, prevention measures and treatment scale-up are needed especially for the population 60 years and older and in the north-eastern part of the country to achieve the goal of ending the hepatitis C epidemic.
Læs mereMojca Matičič and Maria Buti
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.07.2024
Tilføjet 26.07.2024
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 25.07.2024
Tilføjet 25.07.2024
Pablo Ryan, Jorge Valencia, Guillermo Cuevas, Rafael Amigot-Sanchez, Isidoro Martínez, Jeffrey V Lazarus, Felipe Pérez-García and Salvador Resino
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 20.07.2024
Tilføjet 20.07.2024
BackgroundPeople who use drugs (PWUD) are a key target population to reduce the burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. AimTo assess risk factors and temporal trends of active HCV infection in PWUD in Madrid, Spain. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study between 2017 and 2023, including 2,264 PWUD visiting a mobile screening unit. Data about epidemiology, substance use and sexual risk behaviour were obtained through a 92-item questionnaire. HCV was detected by antibody test, followed by RNA test. The primary outcome variable was active HCV infection prevalence, calculated considering all individuals who underwent RNA testing and analysed by logistic regression adjusted by the main risk factors. ResultsOf all participants, 685 tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies, and 605 underwent RNA testing; 314 had active HCV infection, and 218 initiated treatment. People who inject drugs (PWID) were identified as the main risk group. The active HCV infection rate showed a significant downward trend between 2017 and 2023 in the entire study population (23.4% to 6.0%), among PWID (41.0% to 15.0%) and PWUD without injecting drug use (7.0% to 1.3%) (p
Læs mereMielle Abbott, Jennifer H MacLachlan, Nicole Romero, Nicole Matthews, Nasra Higgins, Alvin Lee, Mark Stoove, Tafireyi Marukutira, Brendan Quinn, Nicole L Allard and Benjamin C Cowie
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 20.07.2024
Tilføjet 20.07.2024
BackgroundActive follow-up of chronic hepatitis C notifications to promote linkage to care is a promising strategy to support elimination. AimThis pilot study in Victoria, Australia, explored if the Department of Health could follow-up on hepatitis C cases through their diagnosing clinicians, to assess and support linkage to care and complete data missing from the notification. MethodsFor notifications received between 1 September 2021 and 31 March 2022 of unspecified hepatitis C cases (i.e. acquired > 24 months ago or of unknown duration), contact with diagnosing clinicians was attempted. Data were collected on risk exposures, clinical and demographic characteristics and follow-up care (i.e. HCV RNA test; referral or ascertainment of previous negative testing or treatment history). Reasons for unsuccessful doctor contact and gaps in care provision were investigated. Advice to clinicians on care and resources for clinical support were given on demand. ResultsOf 513 cases where information was sought, this was able to be obtained for 356 (69.4%). Reasons for unsuccessful contact included incomplete contact details or difficulties getting in touch across three attempts, particularly for hospital diagnoses. Among the 356 cases, 307 (86.2%) had received follow-up care. Patient-management resources were requested by 100 of 286 contacted diagnosing clinicians. ConclusionsMost doctors successfully contacted had provided follow-up care. Missing contact information and the time taken to reach clinicians significantly impeded the feasibility of the intervention. Enhancing system automation, such as integration of laboratory results, could improve completeness of notifications and support further linkage to care where needed.
Læs mereRicarda Plümers, Jens Dreier, Cornelius Knabbe, André Gömer, Eike Steinmann, Daniel Todt and Tanja Vollmer
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
BackgroundAwareness of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E raised in recent years led to the mandatory testing of blood donations in some European countries for hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA. However, little is known about the epidemiology of HEV infections. AimTo and describe and analyse the epidemiology of HEV infections in blood donors in Germany. MethodsData from routine testing of therapeutic blood products donated between January 2015 and December 2022 at the Uni.Blutspendedienst OWL were analysed at the Institute of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia. A total of 731,630 allogenic blood donations from 119,610 individual blood donors were tested for HEV RNA in minipools of 96 samples. The HEV RNA-positive donations were analysed for the presence of anti-HEV IgM and IgG. The HEV strains were genotyped and various clinical liver-specific parameters were determined. ResultsA total of 497 HEV-positive blood donations were identified, resulting in a yearly incidence of 1:1,474, from which 78.4% of the donations were RNA-only positive. Increased alanine aminotransferase activity was determined in 26.6% of HEV RNA-positive donors and was associated with the detection of IgG antibodies (1.2% anti-HEV IgM-positive, 11.9% anti-HEV IgM- and IgG-positive and 8.5% anti-HEV IgG-positive). An average incidence of 0.084–0.083% HEV RNA-positive donations in June and July in all years was observed, and a higher proportion of HEV RNA-positive men compared with women. All isolated HEV sequences corresponded to genotype 3. ConclusionOur results underline the necessity of HEV RNA screening in blood donations.
Læs mereMorbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 31.05.2024
Tilføjet 31.05.2024
This report describes hepatitis C viral clearance proportions among people with hepatitis C by state.
Læs mereEbba Rosendal, Sebastian von Schreeb, Alexandre Gomes, Sara Lino, Berta Grau-Pujol, Sara Magalhães, Vasco Ricoca Peixoto, Carla Roque, Joana Moreno, Fernando Maltez, Fernando Almeida, Rita Sá Machado, Rui Tato Marinho, Paula Vasconcelos, Rita de Sousa and João Vieira Martins
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.05.2024
Tilføjet 26.05.2024
An outbreak of hepatitis A is ongoing in Portugal, with 71 confirmed cases from 7 October 2023 to 24 April 2024. Most cases are male, aged 18–44 years, with many identifying as men who have sex with men (MSM) and reported as suspected sexual transmission. Phylogenetic analysis identified the subgenotype IA, VRD 521–2016 strain, last observed in an MSM-associated multi-country outbreak in 2016 to 2018. We wish to alert colleagues in other countries to investigate potential similar spread.
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