Aktuelle smitsomme sygdomme

BackgroundMeningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis) is the causative bacteria of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), a major cause of meningitis and sepsis. In 2015–16, an outbreak caused by serogroup C meningococci (MenC), belonging to the hyperinvasive strain ST-11(cc-11), resulted in 62 IMD cases in the region of Tuscany, Italy. AimWe aimed to estimate the key outbreak parameters and assess the impact of interventions used in the outbreak response. MethodsWe developed a susceptible-carrier-susceptible individual-based model of MenC transmission, accounting for transmission in households, schools, discos/clubs and the general community, which was informed by detailed data on the 2015–16 outbreak (derived from epidemiological investigations) and on the implemented control measures. ResultsThe outbreak reproduction number (Re) was 1.35 (95% prediction interval: 1.13–1.47) and the IMD probability was 4.6 for every 1,000 new MenC carriage episodes (95% confidence interval: 1.8–12.2). The interventions, i.e. chemoprophylaxis and vaccination of close contacts of IMD cases as well as age-targeted vaccination, were effective in reducing Re and ending the outbreak. Case-based interventions (including ring vaccination) alone would have been insufficient to achieve outbreak control. The definition of age groups to prioritise vaccination had a critical impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of control measures. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that there are no effective alternatives to widespread reactive vaccination during outbreaks of highly transmissible MenC strains. Age-targeted campaigns can increase the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. These results can be instrumental to define effective guidelines for the control of future meningococcal outbreaks caused by hypervirulent strains. …

Other Human Disease -- United States_Cronobacter sakazakii_, a species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, is known to cause severe and often fatal meningitis and sepsis in young infants. _C. sakazakii_ is ubiquitous in the environment, and most reported infant cases have been attributed to contaminated powdered infant formula (powdered formula) or breast milk that was expressed using contaminated breast pump equipment (1-3). Previous investigations of cases and outbreaks have identified _C.

Experts expressed hope that, with additional research, the new testing method could eventually cut the time for sepsis detection from days to hours, potentially saving lives. …

The potentially fatal parechovirus is now circulating in multiple states, causing fevers, seizures, and sepsis-like symptoms, including confusion and extreme pain, according to the CDC. …

Sepsis -- Cambodia…

Rates of resistance to ampicillin-gentamicin are extremely high in low- and middle-income countries. …

Vibrio vulnificus -- United StatesA popular Texas fisherman has died at the age of 61 after being infected with bacteria described as "flesh-eating". He passed away on 30 Jul 2021 at a medical center in Brownsville, Texas, due to complications from vibriosis -- a disease caused by about a dozen species of bacteria from the genus _Vibrio_ -- according to an obituary posted by the McCaleb Funeral Home in Weslaco.

He eventually succumbed to the infection after experiencing organ failure and sepsis -- a life-threatening…

A sepsis-prediction model used widely by hospitals and health systems in the United States performed poorly in predicting sepsis onset in an external validation study. …

Whole genome sequencing indicated a potential common source of bacterial contamination among four cases of septic transfusion reactions occurring in three states.

WHO's fokus i år er på bakteriæmi og sepsis. Sepsis forlænger liggetiden for patienten, øger morbiditet og mortalitet samt omkostningerne for hospitalet.