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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (pseudomonas) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
78 emner vises.
Antonio Oliver, Estrella Rojo-Molinero, Jorge Arca-Suarez, Yeşim Beşli, Pierre Bogaerts, Rafael Cantón, Cansu Cimen, Peter D. Croughs, Olivier Denis, Christian G. Giske, Tíscar Graells, Te-Din Daniel Huang, Bogdan I. Iorga, Onur Karatuna, Béla Kocsis, Andreas Kronenberg, Carla López-Causapé, Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar, Luis Martínez Martínez, Annarita Mazzariol, Sylvain Meyer, Thierry Naas, Daan W. Notermans, Jesús Oteo-Iglesias, Torunn Pedersen, Mateja Pirš, Patricia Poeta, Laurent Poirel, Spyros Pournaras, Arnfinn Sundsfjord, Dora Szabó, Arjana Tambić-Andrašević, Rossitza Vatcheva-Dobrevska, Astra Vitkauskienė, Katy Jeannot, ESGARS-ISARPAE members
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen considered one of the paradigms of antimicrobial resistance, is among the main causes of hospital-acquired and chronic infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This growing threat results from the extraordinary capacity of P. aeruginosa to develop antimicrobial resistance through chromosomal mutations, the increasing prevalence of transferable resistance determinants (such as the carbapenemases and the extended spectrum β-lactamases), and the global expansion of epidemic lineages.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.12.2023
Tilføjet 20.12.2023
Abstract Background Pseudomonas otitidis belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and causes various infections, including ear, skin, and soft tissue infections. P. otitidis has a unique susceptibility profile, being susceptible to penicillins and cephalosporins but resistant to carbapenems, due to the production of the metallo-β-lactamase called POM-1. This revealed genetic similarities with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can sometimes lead to misidentification. Case presentation We report the case of a 70-year-old Japanese male who developed cellulitis and bacteremia during chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. He was initially treated with meropenem, but blood culture later revealed gram-negative bacilli identified as P. otitidis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Carbapenem resistance was predicted from previous reports; therefore, we switched to dual therapy with levofloxacin and cefepime, and favorable treatment results were obtained. Conclusion This is the first reported case of P. otitidis cellulitis and bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient. Carbapenems are typically used in immunocompromised patients and P. otitidis is often resistant to it. However, its biochemical properties are similar to those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; therefore, its accurate identification is critical. In the present study, we rapidly identified P. otitidis using MALDI-TOF MS and switched from carbapenems to an appropriate antimicrobial therapy, resulting in a successful outcome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
Abstract Background Pseudomonas otitidis belongs to the genus Pseudomonas and causes various infections, including ear, skin, and soft tissue infections. P. otitidis has a unique susceptibility profile, being susceptible to penicillins and cephalosporins but resistant to carbapenems, due to the production of the metallo-β-lactamase called POM-1. This revealed genetic similarities with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which can sometimes lead to misidentification. Case presentation We report the case of a 70-year-old Japanese male who developed cellulitis and bacteremia during chemotherapy for multiple myeloma. He was initially treated with meropenem, but blood culture later revealed gram-negative bacilli identified as P. otitidis using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Carbapenem resistance was predicted from previous reports; therefore, we switched to dual therapy with levofloxacin and cefepime, and favorable treatment results were obtained. Conclusion This is the first reported case of P. otitidis cellulitis and bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient. Carbapenems are typically used in immunocompromised patients and P. otitidis is often resistant to it. However, its biochemical properties are similar to those of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; therefore, its accurate identification is critical. In the present study, we rapidly identified P. otitidis using MALDI-TOF MS and switched from carbapenems to an appropriate antimicrobial therapy, resulting in a successful outcome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTiffany B. Taylor, Matthew J. Shepherd, James S. Horton
Trends in Microbiology, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Does genetic background contribute to populations following the same or divergent adaptive trajectories? A recent study by Filipow et al. evolved multiple genetically distinct Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains to an artificial cystic fibrosis lung sputum media. The strains adapted at different rates but converged on similar phenotypes despite their initial diversity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuan de Dios Jordán Chaves, Rubén Lobato Cano, Javier Casas Ciria, Carolina Freyre Carrillo, Jose Diego Santotoribio Camacho, María Francisca de la Rubia Martín
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15.12.2023
Tilføjet 15.12.2023
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) is an important cause of both community and nosocomial human infections. The PAE is one of the most common pathogens isolated from respiratory tract specimens in patients with bronchiectasis and causes high mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (1).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTino Krell, Miguel A. Matilla
Trends in Microbiology, 8.12.2023
Tilføjet 8.12.2023
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous Gram-negative bacterium that can be isolated from a wide range of environmental niches and hosts. This ecological success primarily lies in its metabolic versatility, adaptability to changing environments, and ability to survive in challenging habitats. P. aeruginosa infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, being a pathogen of high clinical relevance mainly in immunocompromised patients or with chronic conditions (e.g., cystic fibrosis, cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, bronchiectasis, chronic wounds, chronic urinary tract infections).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMizan Kindu, Feleke Moges, Degu Ashagrie, Zemene Tigabu, Baye Gelaw
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.11.2023
Tilføjet 30.11.2023
by Mizan Kindu, Feleke Moges, Degu Ashagrie, Zemene Tigabu, Baye Gelaw Background Intensive care units are units where healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are common and antimicrobial resistance rates are increasing. Microbial contamination in hospital environment plays an important role in the development of HAIs. Intervention-based improvements in infection prevention and control at national and facility level are critical for the containment of antimicrobial resistance and prevention of HAIs. Objectives This study aimed to determine the distribution of multidrug-resistant and carbapenemase-producing critical gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species) and their antibiotic resistance in intensive care unit environmental surfaces at the University of Gondar and Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals. Methods This was multicenter hospital-based cross sectional study. Environmental samples were swabbed from all intensive care units using a normal saline moistened-sterile cotton tip stick. Bacteria culturing and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed following standard microbiological techniques. Selected meropenem-resistant isolates were phenotypically assessed for carbapenemase production using modified and simplified carbapenem inactivation methods. Results From a total of 384 environmental samples analyzed, 126 (32.8%) showed growth and 162 isolates were identified. K. pneumoniae (79/162, 48.8%) was the commonest isolate followed by Acinetobacter species (51/162, 31.5%), E. coli (19/162, 11.7%) and P. aeruginosa (13/162, 8.0%). Multidrug-resistant and carbapenemase-producing isolates were detected on most hospital environment surface types, especially from the baby bed sets and incubators. The most common multidrug-resistant and principal carbapenemase producer was K. pneumoniae, with rates of 71(89.9%) and 24(85.7%), respectively. Conclusion This study revealed the distribution of multidrug-resistant and carbapenemase-producing critical gram negative bacteria in the environment of intensive care unit. Higher detection rate of multidrug-resistant and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae on most environmental surfaces calls for urgent control action and further attention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnna-Maria Dittrich, Sarah Sieber, Lutz Naehrlich, Manuel Burkhart, Sylvia Hafkemeyer, Burkhard Tümmler, Registry Working Group of the German CF Registry
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
In CF lung disease, CFTR dysfunction leads to mucus stasis. Mucus stasis in turn favors chronic colonization with various bacteria, creating a microbial community, which negatively impacts pulmonary disease progression. In spite of improved symptomatic therapies, including antibiotic treatment regimens [1], the characteristic age-dependent sequence of initial dominance of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), detected in airway secretions from infancy to adolescence, followed by chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), seen in the majority of all people with CF (pwCF) in adulthood [2], has remained largely unchanged, apart from a shift of this sequence to older ages in the recent decades [2] with similar evolutions seen in other chronic lung diseases with disturbed mucociliary clearance [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDina A. MoustafaAntonio DiGiandomenicoVishnu RaghuramMarc SchulmanJennifer M. ScarffMichael R. DavisJohn J. VargaCharles R. DeanJoanna B. Goldberg1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA2Emory+Children’s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA3Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA4Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Kimberly A. Kline
Infection and Immunity, 27.11.2023
Tilføjet 27.11.2023
Ana Georgina Cobián GüemesPooja GhatbaleAlisha N. BlancChase J. MorganAndrew GarciaJesse LeonardLina HuangGrace KovalickMarissa ProostMegan ChiuPeiting KuoJoseph OhSmruthi KarthikeyanRob KnightJoe PoglianoRobert T. SchooleyDavid T. Pride 1 Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 3 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 5 Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 6 Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 7 Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 8 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 9 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA , Ryan K. Shields
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 27.11.2023
Tilføjet 27.11.2023
Yixuan Li, Jason A. Roberts, Mikaela M. Walker, Abdullah Tarik Aslan, Patrick N.A. Harris, Fekade Sime
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial pneumonia that occurs in intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving mechanical ventilation [1]. It is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) with an incidence of 55.3% (95% CI, 0.465-0.657) [2]. VAP may recur more than once, with an overall frequency of 26.8% [3]. As an ICU-acquired infection, VAP comes with a significant financial burden to the health care system due to prolonged ICU length of stay [4]. It is also associated with a high mortality rate (i.e.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoshua PrinceA-Andrew D. JonesaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708bThomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 23.11.2023
Tilføjet 23.11.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 47, November 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDina A. MoustafaAntonio DiGiandomenicoVishnu RaghuramMarc SchulmanJennifer M. ScarffMichael R. DavisJohn J. VargaCharles R. DeanJoanna B. Goldberg1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA2Emory+Children’s Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airway Disease Research, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA3Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA4Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Kimberly A. Kline
Infection and Immunity, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
Journal of the American Medical Association, 22.11.2023
Tilføjet 22.11.2023
A multidrug-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria may be circulating in southern California, researchers reported in Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFarhana Boby, Md. Nurul Huda Bhuiyan, Barun Kanti Saha, Subarna Sandhani Dey, Anik Kumar Saha, Md Jahidul Islam, Mahci Al Bashera, Shyama Prosad Moulick, Farhana Jahan, Md. Asad Uz Zaman, Sanjana Fatema Chowdhury, Showti Raheel Naser, Md. Salim Khan, Md. Murshed Hasan Sarkar
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
by Farhana Boby, Md. Nurul Huda Bhuiyan, Barun Kanti Saha, Subarna Sandhani Dey, Anik Kumar Saha, Md Jahidul Islam, Mahci Al Bashera, Shyama Prosad Moulick, Farhana Jahan, Md. Asad Uz Zaman, Sanjana Fatema Chowdhury, Showti Raheel Naser, Md. Salim Khan, Md. Murshed Hasan Sarkar The raising concern of drug resistance, having substantial impacts on public health, has instigated the search of new natural compounds with substantial medicinal activity. In order to find out a natural solution, the current study has utilized prodigiosin, a linear tripyrrole red pigment, as an active ingredient to control bacterial proliferation and prevent cellular oxidation caused by ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). A prodigiosin-producing bacterium BRL41 was isolated from the ancient Barhind soil of BCSIR Rajshahi Laboratories, Bangladesh, and its morphological and biochemical characteristics were investigated. Whole genome sequencing data of the isolate revealed its identity as Serratia sp. and conferred the presence of prodigiosin gene cluster in the bacterial genome. “Prodigiosin NRPS”, among the 10 analyzed gene clusters, showed 100% similarity with query sequences where pigC, pigH, pigI, and pigJ were identified as fundamental genes for prodigiosin biosynthesis. Some other prominent clusters for synthesis of ririwpeptides, yersinopine, trichrysobactin were also found in the chromosome of BRL41, whilst the rest displayed less similarity with query sequences. Except some first-generation beta-lactam resistance genes, no virulence and resistance genes were found in the genome of BRL41. Structural illumination of the extracted red pigment by spectrophotometric scanning, Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and change of color at different pH solutions verified the identity of the isolated compound as prodigiosin. Serratia sp. BRL41 attained its maximum productivity 564.74 units/cell at temperature 30˚C and pH 7.5 in two-fold diluted nutrient broth medium. The compound exhibited promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) values ranged from 3.9 to15.62 μg/mL and 7.81 to 31.25 μg/mL respectively. At concentration 500 μg/mL, except in Salmonella enterica ATCC-10708, prodigiosin significantly diminished biofilm formed by Listeria monocytogens ATCC-3193, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-9027, Escherichia coli (environmental isolate), Staphylococcus aureus (environmental isolate). Cellular glutathione level (GSH) was elevated upon application of 250 and 500 μg/mL pigment where 125 μg/mL failed to show any free radical scavenging activity. Additionally, release of cellular components in growth media of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were facilitated by the extract that might be associated with cell membrane destabilization. Therefore, the overall findings of antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities suggest that in time to come prodigiosin might be a potential natural source to treat various diseases and infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmily A. Simpson, Helen J. Stacey, Ross J. Langley, Joshua D. Jones
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
by Emily A. Simpson, Helen J. Stacey, Ross J. Langley, Joshua D. Jones Bacterial resistance or tolerance to antibiotics is costly to patients and healthcare providers. With the impact of antibiotic resistance forecast to grow, alternative antimicrobial approaches are needed to help treat patients with antibiotic refractory infections and reduce reliance upon existing antibiotics. There is renewed interest in bacteriophage (phage) therapy as a promising antimicrobial strategy. We therefore performed the first multi-specialty survey about phage therapy and the first such survey among clinicians in the United Kingdom. An anonymous 10-question survey of clinicians from medical and surgical specialties in two Scottish Health Boards was performed. The 90 respondents spanned 26 specialties and were predominantly consultants (73.3%). The respondents were concerned about antibiotic resistance in their clinical practice; 83 respondents estimated having seen 711 patients in the last 12 months whose infections were refractory to antibiotics (delaying or preventing resolution). Over half (58.8%) of the respondents had previously heard of phage therapy. Staphylococci, Pseudomonas and E. coli were identified as the highest cross-specialty priorities for the development of phage therapy. Together, 77 respondents estimated seeing 300 patients in the last 12 months for whom phage therapy may have been appropriate (an average of 3.9 patients per clinician). Most respondents (71.1%, n = 90) were already willing to consider using phage therapy in appropriate cases. Additional comments from the respondents affirmed the potential utility of phage therapy and highlighted a need for more information. The results of this survey demonstrate substantial demand for and willingness to use phage therapy in appropriate cases, both from individual clinicians and across specialties. Demand from a wide range of specialties illustrates the broad clinical utility of phage therapy and potential scope of impact. Widening access to phage therapy could deliver substantial clinical and financial benefits for patients and health authorities alike.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLawler, Patrick R.; Manvelian, Garen; Coppi, Alida; Damask, Amy; Cantor, Michael N.; Ferreira, Manuel A. R.; Paulding, Charles; Banerjee, Nilanjana; Li, Dadong; Jorgensen, Susan; Attre, Richa; Carey, David J.; Krebs, Kristi; Milani, Lili; Hveem, Kristian; Damås, Jan K.; Solligård, Erik; Stender, Stefan; Tybjærg-Hansen, Anne; Nordestgaard, Børge G.; Hernandez-Beeftink, Tamara; Rogne, Tormod; Flores, Carlos; Villar, Jesús; Walley, Keith R.; Liu, Vincent X.; Fohner, Alison E.; Lotta, Luca A.; Kyratsous, Christos A.; Sleeman, Mark W.; Scemama, Michel; DelGizzi, Richard; Pordy, Robert; Horowitz, Julie E.; Baras, Aris; Martin, Greg S.; Steg, Philippe Gabriel; Schwartz, Gregory G.; Szarek, Michael; Goodman, Shaun G.
Critical Care Explorations, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
OBJECTIVES: Treatments that prevent sepsis complications are needed. Circulating lipid and protein assemblies—lipoproteins play critical roles in clearing pathogens from the bloodstream. We investigated whether early inhibition of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) may accelerate bloodstream clearance of immunogenic bacterial lipids and improve sepsis outcomes. DESIGN: Genetic and clinical epidemiology, and experimental models. SETTING: Human genetics cohorts, secondary analysis of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial enrolling patients with cardiovascular disease (Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab [ODYSSEY OUTCOMES]; NCT01663402), and experimental murine models of sepsis. PATIENTS OR SUBJECTS: Nine human cohorts with sepsis (total n = 12,514) were assessed for an association between sepsis mortality and PCSK9 loss-of-function (LOF) variants. Incident or fatal sepsis rates were evaluated among 18,884 participants in a post hoc analysis of ODYSSEY OUTCOMES. C57BI/6J mice were used in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia sepsis models, and in lipopolysaccharide-induced animal models. INTERVENTIONS: Observational human cohort studies used genetic PCSK9 LOF variants as instrumental variables. ODYSSEY OUTCOMES participants were randomized to alirocumab or placebo. Mice were administered alirocumab, a PCSK9 inhibitor, at 5 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg subcutaneously, or isotype-matched control, 48 hours prior to the induction of bacterial sepsis. Mice did not receive other treatments for sepsis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Across human cohort studies, the effect estimate for 28-day mortality after sepsis diagnosis associated with genetic PCSK9 LOF was odds ratio = 0.86 (95% CI, 0.67–1.10; p = 0.24). A significant association was present in antibiotic-treated patients. In ODYSSEY OUTCOMES, sepsis frequency and mortality were infrequent and did not significantly differ by group, although both were numerically lower with alirocumab vs. placebo (relative risk of death from sepsis for alirocumab vs. placebo, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.32–1.20; p = 0.15). Mice treated with alirocumab had lower endotoxin levels and improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: PCSK9 inhibition may improve clinical outcomes in sepsis in preventive, pretreatment settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Abstract Background Infection prevention measures are the gold standard for preventing the spread of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in infection prevention measures, and this has implications on the rate of HAIs. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the rate and the types of HAIs at Sultan Ahmed Shah Hospital. Method This is a retrospective cohort study that compared the rate of HAIs from April to October 2019 (pre COVID period) and April to October 2020 (during COVID period). Data was collected through the review of patients’ electronic medical records. Results There were a total of 578 patients included in the selected wards during the pre- and during the pandemic. Thirty-nine episodes (12.1%) of HAIs were report in the pre COVID period and 29 (11.3%) during COVID-19. In both periods, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was the most frequent HAI among the patients. There was a rise in catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) (0.8%) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (1.1%) during the COVID-19 period. The most common bacteria were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (28.2%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17.9%) in the Pre COVID-19 period, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.6%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6.9%) during COVID-19. Conclusion Our research concluded that the rates of HAIs during the COVID-19 pandemic were not significantly impacted by the improved in-hospital infection prevention efforts to control the pandemic. There is need for further efforts to promote adherence to preventive practices.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Infection prevention measures are the gold standard for preventing the spread of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in infection prevention measures, and this has implications on the rate of HAIs. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the rate and the types of HAIs at Sultan Ahmed Shah Hospital. Method This is a retrospective cohort study that compared the rate of HAIs from April to October 2019 (pre COVID period) and April to October 2020 (during COVID period). Data was collected through the review of patients’ electronic medical records. Results There were a total of 578 patients included in the selected wards during the pre- and during the pandemic. Thirty-nine episodes (12.1%) of HAIs were report in the pre COVID period and 29 (11.3%) during COVID-19. In both periods, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was the most frequent HAI among the patients. There was a rise in catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) (0.8%) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (1.1%) during the COVID-19 period. The most common bacteria were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (28.2%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17.9%) in the Pre COVID-19 period, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.6%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6.9%) during COVID-19. Conclusion Our research concluded that the rates of HAIs during the COVID-19 pandemic were not significantly impacted by the improved in-hospital infection prevention efforts to control the pandemic. There is need for further efforts to promote adherence to preventive practices.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Infection prevention measures are the gold standard for preventing the spread of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions in infection prevention measures, and this has implications on the rate of HAIs. This study assessed the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the rate and the types of HAIs at Sultan Ahmed Shah Hospital. Method This is a retrospective cohort study that compared the rate of HAIs from April to October 2019 (pre COVID period) and April to October 2020 (during COVID period). Data was collected through the review of patients’ electronic medical records. Results There were a total of 578 patients included in the selected wards during the pre- and during the pandemic. Thirty-nine episodes (12.1%) of HAIs were report in the pre COVID period and 29 (11.3%) during COVID-19. In both periods, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) was the most frequent HAI among the patients. There was a rise in catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) (0.8%) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (1.1%) during the COVID-19 period. The most common bacteria were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (28.2%) and Enterococcus faecalis (17.9%) in the Pre COVID-19 period, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.6%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (6.9%) during COVID-19. Conclusion Our research concluded that the rates of HAIs during the COVID-19 pandemic were not significantly impacted by the improved in-hospital infection prevention efforts to control the pandemic. There is need for further efforts to promote adherence to preventive practices.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKoulenti, Despoina; Vandana, Kalwaje Eswhara; Rello, Jordi
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Purpose of review This article aims to review the epidemiology of nonfermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) based on recent literature reports, particularly, of the less common, but with emerging clinical significance species. Recent findings The reported frequency of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is increasing, with very significant variability, however, between different countries. Apart from the major NFGNB, that is, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, already recognized as of critical importance healthcare risks, several other NFGNB genera have been increasingly associated with diverse severe infections, such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia spp., Elizabethkingia spp., Chryseobacterium spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Sphingomonas spp., Shewanella spp. and Ralstonia spp., among others. Summary The exploration of the epidemiology, as well as the pathogenic potential of the of the less frequent, but emerging and increasingly reported NFGNB, is crucial, not only for immunocompromised patients, but also for critically ill patients without overt immunosuppression. As we are heading fast towards a postantibiotic era, such information would contribute to the optimal antimicrobial management, that is, providing prompt, appropriate antimicrobial coverage when needed and, at the same time, avoiding overuse and/or inappropriate use of antimicrobial therapy. Also, it would help to better understand their transmission dynamics and to develop effective prevention strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCosentino, Federica; Viale, Pierluigi; Giannella, Maddalena
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Purpose of review The aim of this narrative review is to compare the prognostic utility of the new definition of difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) vs. established definitions in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection to understand the therapeutic implications of resistance classification and its impact on clinical outcome. Recent findings Among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), P. aeruginosa (PA) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mostly related to its intrinsic capacity of developing antibiotic resistance. Several classifications of antibiotic resistance have been proposed in the last 15 years. The most common used is that from Magiorakos et al. including multidrug resistance (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan drug resistance (PDR) according to the number of antibiotic classes showing in vitro activity. A further classification based on the resistance to specific antibiotic classes (i.e. fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, carbapenem resistance) was also proposed. However, both of them have been criticized because of limited usefulness in clinical practice and for poor correlation with patient outcome, mainly in infections due to PA. More recently the new definition of difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) has been proposed referring to nonsusceptibility to all first-line agents showing high-efficacy and low-toxicity (i.e. carbapenems, β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, and fluoroquinolones). Studies including large cohorts of patients with GNB bloodstream infections have confirmed the prognostic value of DTR classification and its clinical usefulness mainly in infections due to PA. Indeed, in the recent documents from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) on the management of antibiotic resistant GNB infections, the DTR classification was applied to PA. Summary DTR definition seems to identify better than MDR/XDR/PDR and single class resistant categories the cases of PA with limited treatment options. It requires periodic revision in order to remain up-to-date with the introduction of new antibiotics and the evolving pattern of resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDo Rego, Hermann; Timsit, Jean-François
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Purpose of review This review focuses on the management of severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in critically ill patients. Recent findings Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen in intensive care; the main related infections are nosocomial pneumonias, then bloodstream infections. Antimicrobial resistance is common; despite new antibiotics, it is associated with increased mortality, and can lead to a therapeutic deadlock. Summary Carbapenem resistance in difficult-to-treat P. aeruginosa (DTR-PA) strains is primarily mediated by loss or reduction of the OprD porin, overexpression of the cephalosporinase AmpC, and/or overexpression of efflux pumps. However, the role of carbapenemases, particularly metallo-β-lactamases, has become more important. Ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam and imipenem-relebactam are useful against DTR phenotypes (noncarbapenemase producers). Other new agents, such as aztreonam-ceftazidime-avibactam or cefiderocol, or colistin, might be effective for carbapenemase producers. Regarding nonantibiotic agents, only phages might be considered, pending further clinical trials. Combination therapy does not reduce mortality, but may be necessary for empirical treatment. Short-term treatment of severe P. aeruginosa infections should be preferred when it is expected that the clinical situation resolves rapidly.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBassetti, Matteo; Vena, Antonio; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Purpose of review In the present narrative review, we discuss the characteristics and differences between the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines in terms on their recommendations/suggestions for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Recent findings Treatment of severe infections caused by nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria (NF-GNB) is posing both novel hopes and novel challenges to physicians worldwide, and both the IDSA and the ESCMID have recently updated/released their guidelines or guidance documents, based on different philosophies and providing recommendations for the treatment of NF-GNB infections. In order to correctly exploit recent advances in the treatment of such infections, IDSA and ESCMID approaches should be viewed as complementary and evolving, and should not preclude further revision based on accumulating evidence on the use of novel β-lactams and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Summary A joint consideration of both philosophies should leave the door opened for the wise use of novel agents, ultimately building precious experience on their use that could favorably influence future guidelines revisions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBassetti, Matteo; Castaldo, Nadia; Fantin, Alberto; Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto; Vena, Antonio
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Purpose of review Serious infections caused by nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NF-GNB) pose a significant challenge for clinicians due to the limited treatment options available, which are frequently associated with issues of toxicity and unfavourable pharmacokinetic profiles. The aim of this review is to provide a brief overview of the existing data concerning the ongoing development of antiinfective agents targeting NF-GNB. Recent findings Several agents exhibiting efficacy against NF-GNB are under clinical investigation. Durlobactam-sulbactam and cefepime-taniborbactam emerge as promising therapeutic avenues against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii. Cefepime-zidebactam may serve as a suitable treatment option for urinary tract infections caused by a wide range of NF-GNB. Cefepime-enmetazobactam demonstrates potent in vitro activity against various NF-GNB strains; however, its role as an anti-Pseudomonal agent is inadequately substantiated by available data. Xeruborbactam is a wide β-lactamase inhibitor that can be associated with a range of agents, enhancing in-vitro activity of these against many NF-GNB, including those resistant to newer, broader spectrum options. Lastly, murepavadin appears to be a potential pathogen-specific solution for severe Pseudomonas infections; however, additional investigation is necessary to establish the safety profile of this compound. Summary Each of the novel molecules reviewed possesses an interesting range of in-vitro activity against NF-GNB. In addition, some of them have already been proved effective in vivo, underscoring their potential as future treatment options.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAna Georgina Cobián GüemesPooja GhatbaleAlisha N. BlancChase J. MorganAndrew GarciaJesse LeonardLina HuangGrace KovalickMarissa ProostMegan ChiuPeiting KuoJoseph OhSmruthi KarthikeyanRob KnightJoe PoglianoRobert T. SchooleyDavid T. Pride 1 Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 2 Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 3 Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA 4 Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 5 Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 6 Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 7 Department of Computer Sciences & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 8 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA 9 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA , Ryan K. Shields
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Onnicha Leelastwattanagul, Sawannee Sutheeworapong, Ahmad Nuruddin Khoiri, Sudarat Dulsawat, Songsak Wattanachaisaereekul, Anuwat Tachaleat, Thanawat Duangfoo, Prasobsook Paenkaew, Peerada Prommeenate, Supapon Cheevadhanarak, Jiraporn Jirakkakul
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.11.2023
Tilføjet 3.11.2023
by Onnicha Leelastwattanagul, Sawannee Sutheeworapong, Ahmad Nuruddin Khoiri, Sudarat Dulsawat, Songsak Wattanachaisaereekul, Anuwat Tachaleat, Thanawat Duangfoo, Prasobsook Paenkaew, Peerada Prommeenate, Supapon Cheevadhanarak, Jiraporn Jirakkakul Sugarcane is one of the major agricultural crops with high economic importance in Thailand. Periodic waterlogging has a long-term negative effect on sugarcane development, soil properties, and microbial diversity, impacting overall sugarcane production. Yet, the microbial structure in periodically waterlogged sugarcane fields across soil compartments and growth stages in Thailand has not been documented. This study investigated soil and rhizosphere microbial communities in a periodic waterlogged field in comparison with a normal field in a sugarcane plantation in Ratchaburi, Thailand, using 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing. Alpha diversity analysis revealed comparable values in periodic waterlogged and normal fields across all growth stages, while beta diversity analysis highlighted distinct microbial community profiles in both fields throughout the growth stages. In the periodic waterlogged field, the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and Basidiomycota increased, while Acidobacteria and Ascomycota decreased. Beneficial microbes such as Arthrobacter, Azoarcus, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces thrived in the normal field, potentially serving as biomarkers for favorable soil conditions. Conversely, phytopathogens and growth-inhibiting bacteria were prevalent in the periodic waterlogged field, indicating unfavorable conditions. The co-occurrence network in rhizosphere of the normal field had the highest complexity, implying increased sharing of resources among microorganisms and enhanced soil biological fertility. Altogether, this study demonstrated that the periodic waterlogged field had a long-term negative effect on the soil microbial community which is a key determining factor of sugarcane growth.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDustin R. Long, Elizabeth A. Holmes, Christopher H. Goss, Pradeep K. Singh, Adam Waalkes, Stephen J. Salipante
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 208, Issue 9, Page 944-947, November 1, 2023.
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