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Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Understanding the association between the immune response and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has implications for forthcoming prevention strategies. We evaluated the association between antibody titers and the risk of infection for the general population during the Omicron-dominant phase.Methods This was a prospective cohort study of residents or people affiliated with institutions in Bizen City, which included 1,899 participants. We measured the titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 repeatedly every 2 months from June 2022 to March 2023. Infection status was obtained from self-reported questionnaires and the official registry. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for infection within 2 months of the date of each antibody measurement with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on antibody titer categories and spline functions.Results Compared with the
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHui Xie, Junnan Zhang, Shuang Bai, Min Lv, Juan Li, Weixin Chen, Luodan Suo, Meng Chen, Wei Zhao, Shanshan Zhou, Jian Wang, Ao Zhang, Jianxin Ma, Fengshuang Wang, Le Yan, Dongmei Li, Jiang Wu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic [1-3]. As the pandemic progressed, new, more transmissible but less virulent variants, like the Omicron variant, emerged and became more dominant, further reducing the mortality rate [4-8]. The World Health Organization (WHO) eventually declared that the COVID-19 pandemic no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern on May 2023 [9].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract During pandemics, healthcare providers struggle with balancing obligations to self, family, and patients. While HIV/AIDS seemed to settle this issue, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rekindled debates regarding treatment refusal. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science using terms including obligation, refusal, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and pandemics. After duplicate removal and dual, independent screening, we analyzed 156 articles for quality, ethical position, reasons, and concepts. Diseases in our sample included HIV/AIDS (72.2%), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (10.2%), COVID-19 (10.2%), Ebola (7.0%), and influenza (7.0%). Most articles (81.9%, n = 128) indicated an obligation to treat. COVID-19 had the highest number of papers indicating ethical acceptability of refusal (60%, P < .001), while HIV had the least (13.3%, P = .026). Several reason domains were significantly different during COVID-19, including unreasonable risks to self/family (26.7%, P < .001) and labor rights/workers\' protection (40%, P < .001). A surge in ethics literature during COVID-19 has advocated for permissibility of treatment refusal. Balancing healthcare provision with workforce protection is crucial in effectively responding to a global pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFouad Chouairi, Edward Jaffe, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Marat Fudim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Fouad Chouairi, Edward Jaffe, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Marat Fudim Background The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched healthcare resources thin and led to significant morbidity and mortality. There have been no studies utilizing national data to investigate the role of cardiac risk factors on outcomes of COVID hospitalizations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on healthcare utilization and outcomes among COVID hospitalizations during the first year of the pandemic. Methods Using the national inpatient sample (NIS), we identified all adult hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of COVID in 2020, using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (ICD010-CM). Coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, previous stroke, and atrial fibrillation were then identified as cardiac comorbidities using ICD-10-CM codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on mortality and mechanical ventilation. Results We identified 1,005,040 primary COVID admissions in 2020. Of these admissions, 216,545 (20.6%) had CAD, 413,195 (39.4%) had DM, 176,780 (16.8%) had HF, 159,700 (15.2%) had AF, 30735 (2.9%) had PVD, and 25,155 (2.4%) had a previous stroke. When stratified by number of comorbidities, 428390 (40.8%) had 0 comorbidities, 354960 (33.8%) had 1, 161225 (15.4%) had 2, and 105465 (10.0%) had 3+ comorbidities. COVID hospitalizations with higher cardiac multimorbidity had higher mortality rates (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFang Fang, John David Clemens, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Timothy F. Brewer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Fang Fang, John David Clemens, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Timothy F. Brewer Background Given the waning of vaccine effectiveness and the shifting of the most dominant strains in the U.S., it is imperative to understand the association between vaccination coverage and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease and mortality at the community levels and whether that association might vary according to the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strains in the U.S. Methods Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between U.S. county-level cumulative vaccination rates and booster distribution and the daily change in county-wide Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) risks and mortality during Alpha, Delta and Omicron predominance. Models were adjusted for potential confounders at both county and state level. A 2-week lag and a 4-week lag were introduced to assess vaccination rate impact on incidence and mortality, respectively. Results Among 3,073 counties in 48 states, the average county population complete vaccination rate of all age groups was 50.79% as of March 11th, 2022. Each percentage increase in vaccination rates was associated with reduction of 4% (relative risk (RR) 0.9607 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9553, 0.9661)) and 3% (RR 0.9694 (95% CI: 0.9653, 0.9736)) in county-wide COVID-19 cases and mortality, respectively, when Alpha was the dominant variant. The associations between county-level vaccine rates and COVID-19 incidence diminished during the Delta and Omicron predominance. However, each percent increase in people receiving a booster shot was associated with reduction of 6% (RR 0.9356 (95% CI: 0.9235, 0.9479)) and 4% (RR 0.9595 (95% CI: 0.9431, 0.9761)) in COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the community, respectively, during the Omicron predominance. Conclusions Associations between complete vaccination rates and COVID-19 incidence and mortality appeared to vary with shifts in the dominant variant, perhaps due to variations in vaccine efficacy by variant or to waning vaccine immunity over time. Vaccine boosters were associated with notable protection against Omicron disease and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoward, Leigh M.; Grijalva, Carlos G.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes. Recent findings While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses. Summary Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a pivotal member of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), as its cell-entry receptor. Another member of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), is the major biologically active component in this system. There is growing evidence suggesting that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and regulate ACE2 expression. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the serum levels of sACE2 and Ang II, as well as the expression level of miR-141-3p and miR-421 in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative subjects. Methods In the present study, the serum levels of sACE2 and Ang II were measured in 94 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and 94 SARS-CoV-2 negative subjects with some symptoms similar to those of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients using the ELISA method. In addition, the expression level of miR-141-3p and miR-421 as ACE2 regulators and biomarkers was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results The mean serum sACE2 concentration in the SARS-CoV-2-positive group was 3.268 ± 0.410 ng/ml, whereas in the SARS-CoV-2 negative group, it was 3.564 ± 0.437 ng/ml. Additionally, the mean serum Ang II level in the SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups were 60.67 ± 6.192 ng/L and 67.97 ± 6.837 ng/L, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the serum levels of sACE2 (P value: 0.516) and Ang II (P value: 0.134) between the SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups. Meanwhile, our findings indicated that the expression levels of miR-141-3p and miR-421 in SARS-CoV-2 positive group were significantly lower and higher than SARS-CoV-2 negative group, respectively (P value
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Objective To compare the similarities and differences between patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and those with other community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), utilizing propensity score matching (PSM), regarding hospitalization expenses, treatment options, and prognostic outcomes, aiming to inform the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Methods Patients admitted to the ICU of the Third People’s Hospital of Datong City, diagnosed with COVID-19 from December 2022 to February 2023, constituted the observation group, while those with other CAP admitted from January to November 2022 formed the control group. Basic information, clinical data at admission, and time from symptom onset to admission were matched using PSM. Results A total of 70 patients were included in the COVID-19 group and 119 in the CAP group. The patients were matched by the propensity matching method, and 37 patients were included in each of the last two groups. After matching, COVID-19 had a higher failure rate than CAP, but the difference was not statistically significant (73% vs. 51%, p = 0.055). The utilization rate of antiviral drugs (40% vs. 11%, p = 0.003), γ-globulin (19% vs. 0%, p = 0.011) and prone position ventilation (PPV) (27% vs. 0%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), a significant global health concern, imposes a substantial disease burden. In China, there is inadequate data concerning the monitoring of respiratory pathogens, particularly bacteria, among patients with SARI. Therefore, this study aims to delineate the demographic, epidemiological, and aetiological characteristics of hospitalised SARI patients in Central China between 2018 and 2020. Methods Eligible patients with SARI admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Within the first 24 h of admission, respiratory (including sputum, nasal/throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, thoracocentesis fluid, etc.), urine, and peripheral blood specimens were collected for viral and bacterial testing. A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic approach was used to identify human influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus. Bacterial cultures of respiratory specimens were performed with a particular focus on pathogenic microorganisms, including S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Strep A, H. influenzae, A. baumannii, and E. coli. In cases where bacterial culture results were negative, nucleic acid extraction was performed for PCR to assay for the above-mentioned eight bacteria, as well as L. pneumophila and M. pneumoniae. Additionally, urine specimens were exclusively used to detect Legionella antigens. Furthermore, epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results The study encompassed 1266 patients, with a mean age of 54 years, among whom 61.6% (780/1266) were males, 61.4% (778/1266) were farmers, and 88.8% (1124/1266) sought medical treatment in 2020. Moreover, 80.3% (1017/1266) were housed in general wards. The most common respiratory symptoms included fever (86.8%, 1122/1266) and cough (77.8%, 986/1266). Chest imaging anomalies were detected in 62.6% (792/1266) of cases, and 58.1% (736/1266) exhibited at least one respiratory pathogen, with 28.5% (361/1266) having multiple infections. Additionally, 95.7% (1212/1266) of the patients were from Henan Province, with the highest proportion (38.3%, 486/1266) falling in the 61–80 years age bracket, predominantly (79.8%, 1010/1266) seeking medical aid in summer and autumn. Bacterial detection rate (39.0%, 495/1266) was higher than viral detection rate (36.9%, 468/1266), with the primary pathogens being influenza virus (13.8%, 175/1266), K. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), S. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), adenovirus (8.2%, 105/1266), P. aeruginosa (8.2%, 105/1266), M. pneumoniae (7.8%, 100/1266), and respiratory syncytial virus (7.7%, 98/1266). During spring and winter, there was a significant prevalence of influenza virus and human coronavirus, contrasting with the dominance of parainfluenza viruses in summer and autumn. Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus exhibited higher prevalence across spring, summer, and winter. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae were identified at similar rates throughout all seasons without distinct spikes in prevalence. However, S. pneumoniae showed a distinctive pattern with a prevalence that doubled during summer and winter. Moreover, the positive detection rates of various other viruses and bacteria were lower, displaying a comparatively erratic prevalence trend. Among patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the predominant nosocomial bacteria were K. pneumoniae (17.2%, 43/249), A. baumannii (13.6%, 34/249), and P. aeruginosa (12.4%, 31/249). Conversely, in patients from general wards, predominant pathogens included influenza virus (14.8%, 151/1017), S. pneumoniae (10.4%, 106/1017), and adenovirus (9.3%, 95/1017). Additionally, paediatric patients exhibited significantly higher positive detection rates for influenza virus (23.9%, 11/46) and M. pneumoniae (32.6%, 15/46) compared to adults and the elderly. Furthermore, adenovirus (10.0%, 67/669) and rhinovirus (6.4%, 43/669) were the primary pathogens in adults, while K. pneumoniae (11.8%, 65/551) and A. baumannii (7.1%, 39/551) prevailed among the elderly, indicating significant differences among the three age groups. Discussion In Central China, among patients with SARI, the prevailing viruses included influenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Among bacteria, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and M. pneumoniae were frequently identified, with multiple infections being very common. Additionally, there were substantial variations in the pathogen spectrum compositions concerning wards and age groups among patients. Consequently, this study holds promise in offering insights to the government for developing strategies aimed at preventing and managing respiratory infectious diseases effectively.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background The impact of the constantly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the effectiveness of early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments is unclear. Here, we report characteristics and acute clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 treated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb; presumed to be sotrovimab) across six distinct periods covering the emergence and predominance of Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5) in England. Methods Retrospective cohort study using data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database from January 1–July 31, 2022. Included patients received a mAb delivered by a National Health Service (NHS) hospital as a day-case, for which the primary diagnosis was COVID-19. Patients were presumed to have received sotrovimab based on NHS data showing that 99.98% of COVID-19-mAb-treated individuals received sotrovimab during the study period. COVID-19-attributable hospitalizations were reported overall and across six distinct periods of Omicron subvariant prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted in patients with severe renal disease and active cancer. Results Among a total of 10,096 patients, 1.0% (n = 96) had a COVID-19-attributable hospitalization, 4.6% (n = 465) had a hospital visit due to any cause, and 0.3% (n = 27) died due to any cause during the acute period. COVID-19-attributable hospitalization rates were consistent among subgroups, and no significant differences were observed across periods of Omicron subvariant predominance. Conclusions Levels of COVID-19-attributable hospitalizations and deaths were low in mAb-treated patients and among subgroups. Similar hospitalization rates were observed whilst Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 were predominant, despite reported reductions in in vitro neutralization activity of sotrovimab against BA.2 and BA.5.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXinyi Zhou, Tengda Huang, Hongyuan Pan, Ao Du, Tian Wu, Jiang Lan, Yujia Song, Yue Lv, Fang He, Kefei Yuan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Xinyi Zhou, Tengda Huang, Hongyuan Pan, Ao Du, Tian Wu, Jiang Lan, Yujia Song, Yue Lv, Fang He, Kefei Yuan Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of individuals worldwide, which poses a severe threat to human health. COVID-19 is a systemic ailment affecting various tissues and organs, including the lungs and liver. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver cancer, and cancer patients are particularly at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on ICC patients. Methods With the methods of systems biology and bioinformatics, this study explored the link between COVID-19 and ICC, and searched for potential therapeutic drugs. Results This study identified a total of 70 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both diseases, shedding light on their shared functionalities. Enrichment analysis pinpointed metabolism and immunity as the primary areas influenced by these common genes. Subsequently, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified SCD, ACSL5, ACAT2, HSD17B4, ALDOA, ACSS1, ACADSB, CYP51A1, PSAT1, and HKDC1 as hub genes. Additionally, 44 transcription factors (TFs) and 112 microRNAs (miRNAs) were forecasted to regulate the hub genes. Most importantly, several drug candidates (Periodate-oxidized adenosine, Desipramine, Quercetin, Perfluoroheptanoic acid, Tetrandrine, Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, Benzo[a]pyrene, SARIN, Dorzolamide, 8-Bromo-cAMP) may prove effective in treating ICC and COVID-19. Conclusion This study is expected to provide valuable references and potential drugs for future research and treatment of COVID-19 and ICC.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenríquez-Beltrán, Mario; Vaca, Rafaela; Benítez, Iván D.; González, Jessica; Santisteve, Sally; Aguilà, Maria; Minguez, Olga; Moncusí-Moix, Anna; Gort-Paniello, Clara; Torres, Gerard; Labarca, Gonzalo; Caballero, Jesús; Barberà, Carme; Torres, Antoni; de Gonzalo-Calvo, David; Barbé, Ferran; Targa, Adriano D. S.
Critical Care Medicine, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Objectives: To investigate the sleep and circadian health of critical survivors 12 months after hospital discharge and to evaluate a possible effect of the severity of the disease within this context. Design: Observational, prospective study. Setting: Single-center study. Patients: Two hundred sixty patients admitted to the ICU due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The cohort was composed of 260 patients (69.2% males), with a median (quartile 1–quartile 3) age of 61.5 years (52.0–67.0 yr). The median length of ICU stay was 11.0 days (6.00–21.8 d), where 56.2% of the patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) revealed that 43.1% of the cohort presented poor sleep quality 12 months after hospital discharge. Actigraphy data indicated an influence of the disease severity on the fragmentation of the circadian rest-activity rhythm at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, which was no longer significant in the long term. Still, the length of the ICU stay and the duration of IMV predicted a higher fragmentation of the rhythm at the 12-month follow-up with effect sizes (95% CI) of 0.248 (0.078–0.418) and 0.182 (0.005–0.359), respectively. Relevant associations between the PSQI and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (rho = 0.55, anxiety; rho = 0.5, depression) as well as between the fragmentation of the rhythm and the diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (rho = –0.35) were observed at this time point. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a great prevalence of critical survivors presenting poor sleep quality 12 months after hospital discharge. Actigraphy data indicated the persistence of circadian alterations and a possible impact of the disease severity on the fragmentation of the circadian rest-activity rhythm, which was attenuated at the 12-month follow-up. This altogether highlights the relevance of considering the sleep and circadian health of critical survivors in the long term.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadine Glaser, Sophie Diexer, Bianca Klee, Dr. Oliver Purschke, Prof. Dr. med. Mascha Binder, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Frese, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Girndt, PD Dr. med. Jessica Höll, Dr. Irene Moor, Prof. Dr. med. Jonas Rosendahl, Prof. Dr. med. Michael Gekle, Prof. Dr. med. Daniel Sedding, Prof. Dr. med. Rafael Mikolajczyk, Dr. Cornelia Gottschick
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
At the beginning of September 2022, three years after the detection of the first SARS-CoV-2 case, the World Health Organization (WHO) globally had registered over 600 million confirmed cases and over 6.4 million deaths due to an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. By the end of the winter season in March 2023 those numbers had risen to over 761 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths [2]. Our World in Data reported an even higher number of deaths of 8.6 million [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRemigius Gröning, Jonatan Walde, Clas Ahlm, Mattias NE Forsell, Johan Normark, Johan Rasmuson
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a major public health concern since the start of the 2019 pandemic. Although current vaccines protect the general public, individuals with severe immunodeficiencies often exhibit a poor vaccine response and a higher risk of severe and/or persistent disease [1,2]. There are no treatment recommendations for persistent infection in immunocompromised individuals. Attempts with repeated antiviral mono or combination therapy has been described [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 11.04.2024
Tilføjet 11.04.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation dropped markedly early in the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a resurgence with heightened case counts. The “immunity debt” hypothesis proposes that the RSV-naїve pediatric population increased during the period of low transmission. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited, and the role of changing testing practices in the perceived surge has not been comprehensively evaluated.Methods We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 342 530 RSV encounters and 980 546 RSV diagnostic tests occurring at 32 US pediatric hospitals in 2013–2023. We used interrupted time series analysis to estimate pandemic-associated changes in RSV patient and test volume and to quantify changes in the proportions of patients requiring hospitalization, intensive care, or mechanical ventilation. We quantified the fraction of the shifts in case counts and in the age of diagnosed patients attributable to changes in testing.Results RSV patient volume increased 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 3.5) in 2021–2023 relative to the pre-pandemic phase and was accompanied by an 18.9-fold increase (95% CI: 15.0, 23.9) in RSV test volume. Shifts in patient volume and in patient age were largely attributable to increased testing. The proportions of patients with RSV that required hospitalization, intensive care, or mechanical ventilation declined significantly across all patient age groups.Conclusions A surge in RSV testing, rather than in viral circulation, likely underlies the increased case counts observed in 2021–2023. These findings warrant a critical assessment of the immunity debt hypothesis and highlight the importance of considering the testing denominator when surveillance strategies are dynamic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
To the editor—We would like to thank our colleagues Mattiuzzi and Lippi for confirming our conclusion [1] on Spanish flu being deadlier than coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Italian figures [2]. Italy was the first European country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and it was hit very hard. A reflection on death toll puts the events in a historical perspective. The conclusion of our Italian colleagues is based on a comparison of crude death rates. However, when comparing both pandemics, the difference of population structure should be taken into account. Therefore, we compared not only crude death rates, but also age-standardized death rates. As there is no gold standard in this case, we projected both the age-specific Spanish flu figures of 1918–1920 on the (average) 2020–2022 population, and conversely, we projected the age-specific COVID-19 figures of 2020–2022 on the (average) 1918–1920 population. The first projection resulted in a Spanish flu:COVID-19 ratio of 2.2, the second in a Spanish flu:COVID-19 ratio of 6.9. The outcome of the second projection is close to the estimate of our Italian colleagues.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
To the Editor—We read with great interest the results of the analysis by Harteloh et al [1], who concluded that the death rate in The Netherlands from the 1918–1920 Spanish flu was more than twice as high as the death rate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020–2022 (ie, 214 vs 98 per 100 000 per year exposure). This is not surprising as the pathogen responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic (ie, influenza virus A/H1N1) was very aggressive, hit a nearly naive population with no prior immunity, and evolved at a time when healthcare and economic resources were extremely limited compared to recent times. To determine whether similar evidence could be replicated in other countries, we used statistics on the total resident population and the number of deaths from the Spanish flu in 1918–1920 [2] and from COVID-19 in 2020 [3] (ie, before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination at the end of December 2020) in Italy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIsabel A.L. Slurink, Sophie C.M. van den Houdt, Gaëtan Mertens
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Even though most people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (i.e., SARS-CoV-2), resulting in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fully recover [1,2], a considerable number of patients continues to experience prolonged symptoms, such as fatigue, neurocognitive problems, and smell and taste impairment [2]. This syndrome of lingering symptoms following COVID-19 is referred to as long COVID or post-COVID syndrome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClayton J. OtterNicole BracciNicholas A. ParentiChengjin YeAbhishek AsthanaEbba K. BlomqvistLi Hui TanJessica J. PfannenstielNathaniel JacksonAnthony R. FehrRobert H. SilvermanJames M. BurkeNoam A. CohenLuis Martinez-SobridoSusan R. WeissaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bPenn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104cDisease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227dDepartment of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195eDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458fDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458gDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104hDepartment of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104iDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 15, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDongbin Park, Se‐Mi Kim, Hobin Jang, Kanghee Kim, Ho young Ji, Heedong Yang, Woohyun Kwon, Yeonglim Kang, Suhee Hwang, Hyunjoon Kim, Mark Anthony B. Casel, Issac Choi, Jeong‐Sun Yang, Joo‐Yeon Lee, Young Ki Choi
Journal of Medical Virology, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Jiafei Yu, Kai Zhang, Tianqi Chen, Ronghai Lin, Qijiang Chen, Chensong Chen, Minfeng Tong, Jianping Chen, Jianhua Yu, Yuhang Lou, Panpan Xu, Chao Zhong, Qianfeng Chen, Kangwei Sun, Liyuan Liu, Lanxin Cao, Cheng Zheng, Ping Wang, Qitao Chen, Qianqian Yang, Weiting Chen, Xiaofang Wang, Zuxi Yan, Xuefeng Zhang, Wei Cui, Lin Chen, Zhongheng Zhang, Gensheng Zhang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Since 2019, there has been a global pandemic of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 700 million confirmed cases and more than 6 million deaths in more than 200 countries worldwide as of October 2023, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. SARS-CoV-2 acts on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is widely expressed in a variety of tissues, such as the lung, kidney, and cardiovascular system [2], resulting in respiratory dysfunction (RD) and nonpulmonary organ dysfunction (nPOD).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPallavi Rai, Jeffrey M. Marano, Lin Kang, Sheryl Coutermarsh‐Ott, Andrea R. Daamen, Peter E. Lipsky, James Weger‐Lucarelli
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Guoguo Ye, Yimin Tang, Qin Yang, Chenhui Zhang, Huiping Shi, Jun Wang, Xiao Hu, Xiaofu Wan, Zhixiang Xu, Jinhu Liang, Yang Yang, Minghui Yang, Yingxia Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Abstract Aims We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the anti-infective effects of ticagrelor.Methods and results Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of ticagrelor or its major metabolite AR-C124910XX (ARC) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial were selected as genetic proxies for ticagrelor exposure. Positive control analyses indicated that genetically surrogated serum ticagrelor levels (six SNPs) but not ARC levels (two SNPs) were significantly associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease. Therefore, the six SNPs were used as genetic instruments for ticagrelor exposure, and the genome-wide association study data for five infection outcomes were derived from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortium. The two-sample MR analyses based on inverse variance-weighted methods indicated that genetic liability to ticagrelor exposure could reduce the risk of bacterial pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.95, P = 8.75E-03) and sepsis (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94, P = 3.69E-03); however, no causal relationship between ticagrelor exposure and upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection was detected. Extensive sensitivity analyses corroborated these findings.Conclusion Our MR study provides further evidence for the preventive effects of ticagrelor on bacterial pneumonia and sepsis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 7.04.2024
Tilføjet 7.04.2024
Abstract Background With COVID-19 vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward.Methods We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine.Results For an 18-49-year-old, getting vaccinated at its current price ($60) can save the individual on average $30-$603 if the individual is uninsured and $4-$437 if the individual has private insurance, as long as the starting vaccine efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is ≥50% and the weekly risk of getting infected is ≥0.2%, corresponding to an individual interacting with 9 other people in a day under Winter 2023-2024 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant conditions with an average infection prevalence of 10%. For a 50-64-year-old, these cost-savings increase to $111-$1,278 and $119-$1,706, for someone without and with insurance, respectively. The risk threshold increases to ≥0.4% (interacting with 19 people/day), when the individual has 13.4% pre-existing protection against infection (e.g., vaccinated 9 months earlier).Conclusion There is both clinical and economic incentive for the individual to continue to get vaccinated against COVID-19 each year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHarrys A Torres, Khalis Mustafayev, Loretta J Nastoupil, Samuel A Shelburne
Lancet, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
A 78-year-old man with primary central nervous system lymphoma was transferred to our cancer centre for further treatment. The patient had been diagnosed 3 months earlier after he presented to another hospital with back pain, numbness, and tingling in all extremities; he had two cycles of rituximab and high-dose methotrexate, which had produced a partial response. The patient had also been given dexamethasone for cerebral oedema; his medical history included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIn Sook Kang, Kyoung Ae Kong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus infection manifests varying clinical characteristics and severity in diverse populations with different immune statuses. The signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement are nonspecific. Here, we present a case of cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent adolescent, which manifested as intestinal pseud-obstruction. Case presentation A 15-year-old man who had contracted novel coronavirus infection one month earlier was admitted to our hospital with fever, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. His abdomen was distended, and laboratory evaluation revealed a decrease in the blood count, an increase in inflammatory indicators and hepatic impairment. Imaging shows bowel wall thickening and dilatation of the colon. A diagnosis of intestinal infection combined with acute intestinal pseud-obstruction was made. Diarrhea persisted despite conservative treatment with empirical antibiotics. A colonoscopy was performed. Pathology confirmed cytomegalovirus infection. Ganciclovir therapy was initiated, and subsequent review showed a good recovery. Conclusions The case was diagnosed as cytomegalovirus colitis. We reviewed the reports of 9 cases of bowel obstruction, including our own, and found that the majority of the adult patients were elderly with underlying disease. Clinical and endoscopic manifestations are typically nonspecific, and imaging shows typical signs of intestinal obstruction. The final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. Most of them have a good prognosis. We suggest that cytomegalovirus colitis can also lead to intestinal obstruction and that viral reactivation in immunocompetent individuals may be associated with inflammatory conditions and viral coinfection, particularly with the novel coronavirus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNatalie M. KirkYuying LiangHinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Karina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Karina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to increasing the responsibility of school principals for the health of all school community members. Moreover, evidence confirms the significant role of school principals’ health literacy (HL) for health promotion in schools. Therefore, the presented study aims to evaluate the associations between Polish school principals HL and the implementation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) approach in Polish schools. The present study was conducted as part of an international survey on the global COVID-HL network (www.covid-hl.eu) between June 2021 and December 2021. Three subscales of the HPS were considered and an exploratory analysis were used in this study. Associations between the median split of each subscale of HPS (outcome) and health literacy (predictor) were performed using logistic regression. Research results showed that the highest level of HPS implementation was directed at pupils. Principals perceived themselves as having the highest HL on the ‘accessibility’ subscale and these respondents had significantly higher odds of implementing learning opportunities for students. The study suggests that principals with adequate HL may be more likely to effectively implement HPS strategies in schools. This research could provide insights into the complex interplay between HL and the HPS approach and inform the development of more effective strategies for promoting health and HL in schools.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElisa Correcher-Martínez, Mónica López-Lacort, Cintia Muñoz-Quiles, Javier Díez-Domingo, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with very wide-ranging symptoms. Although the most common symptoms derive from infection of the respiratory tract, several cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 exist [1,2]. Among these, cases of vesicular lesions and herpes zoster (HZ)-compatible cutaneous manifestations were reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic [3–5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the cardiac adverse events (AEs) in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving remdesivir plus standard of care (SoC) compared to SoC alone (control), as an association was noted in some cohort studies and disproportionality analyses of safety databases.Methods This post-hoc safety analysis is based on data from the multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled DisCoVeRy trial in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (NCT04315948). Any first AE occurring between randomization and day 29 in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population randomized to either remdesivir or control group was considered. Analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for event rates.Results Cardiac AEs were reported in 46 (11.2%) of 410 and 48 (11.3%) of 423 patients in the mITT population (n = 833) enrolled in the remdesivir and control groups, respectively. The difference between both groups was not significant (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7-1.5, p = 0.98), even when evaluating serious and non-serious cardiac AEs separately. The majority of reports in both groups were of arrhythmic nature (remdesivir, 84.8%; control, 83.3%) and were associated with a favorable outcome. There was no significant difference between remdesivir and control groups in the occurrence of different cardiac AE subclasses, including arrhythmic events (HR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7, p = 0.68).Conclusions Remdesivir treatment was not associated with an increased risk of cardiac AEs, whether serious or not, and regardless of AE severity, compared to control, in patients hospitalized with moderate or severe COVID-19. This is consistent with the results of other randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.04.2024
Tilføjet 1.04.2024
Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus infection manifests varying clinical characteristics and severity in diverse populations with different immune statuses. The signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement are nonspecific. Here, we present a case of cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent adolescent, which manifested as intestinal pseud-obstruction. Case presentation A 15-year-old man who had contracted novel coronavirus infection one month earlier was admitted to our hospital with fever, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. His abdomen was distended, and laboratory evaluation revealed a decrease in the blood count, an increase in inflammatory indicators and hepatic impairment. Imaging shows bowel wall thickening and dilatation of the colon. A diagnosis of intestinal infection combined with acute intestinal pseud-obstruction was made. Diarrhea persisted despite conservative treatment with empirical antibiotics. A colonoscopy was performed. Pathology confirmed cytomegalovirus infection. Ganciclovir therapy was initiated, and subsequent review showed a good recovery. Conclusions The case was diagnosed as cytomegalovirus colitis. We reviewed the reports of 9 cases of bowel obstruction, including our own, and found that the majority of the adult patients were elderly with underlying disease. Clinical and endoscopic manifestations are typically nonspecific, and imaging shows typical signs of intestinal obstruction. The final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. Most of them have a good prognosis. We suggest that cytomegalovirus colitis can also lead to intestinal obstruction and that viral reactivation in immunocompetent individuals may be associated with inflammatory conditions and viral coinfection, particularly with the novel coronavirus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGupta, R., Sharma, K., Khedar, R. S., Sharma, S. K., Makkar, J. S., Natani, V., Bana, A., Sharma, S.
BMJ Open, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
ObjectiveThe study examined the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in India on variation in clinical features, management and in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). DesignProspective registry-based observational study. SettingA tertiary care hospital in India participant in the American College of Cardiology CathPCI Registry. Participants7089 successive patients who underwent PCI from April 2018 to March 2023 were enrolled (men 5627, women 1462). Details of risk factors, clinical presentation, coronary angiography, coronary interventions, clinical management and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Annual data were classified into specific COVID-19 periods according to Government of India guidelines as pre-COVID-19 (April 2018 to March 2019, n=1563; April 2019 to March 2020, n=1594), COVID-19 (April 2020 to March 2020, n=1206; April 2021 to March 2022, n=1223) and post-COVID-19 (April 2022 to March 2023, n=1503). ResultsCompared with the patients in pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods, during the first COVID-19 year, patients had more hypertension, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). In the second COVID-19 year, patients had more STEMI, lower LVEF, multivessel CAD, primary PCI, multiple stents and more vasopressor and mechanical support. There were 99 (1.4%) in-hospital deaths which in the successive years were 1.2%, 1.4%, 0.8%, 2.4% and 1.3%, respectively (p=0.019). Compared with the baseline year, deaths were slightly lower in the first COVID-19-year (age-sex adjusted OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.47) but significantly more in the second COVID-19-year (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.54). This variation attenuated following adjustment for clinical presentation, extent of CAD, in-hospital treatment and duration of hospitalisation. ConclusionsIn-hospital mortality among patients with CAD undergoing PCI was significantly higher in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in India and could be one of the reasons for excess deaths in the country. These patients had more severe CAD, lower LVEF, and more vasopressor and mechanical support and duration of hospitalisation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
Abstract Background The prevalence and distinction between first Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reinfection with the Omicron variant among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Southern China. The study included 262 HCWs who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 between April and June 2023, with 101 cases of first infection and 161 ones of reinfection. Student’s t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U tests were used based on the distribution of quantitative variables. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used based on the expected frequencies of categorical variables. Results The reinfection rate among HCWs was 11.5% (161/1406). The majority of the infected HCWs were female (212/262, 80.9%, first infection vs. reinfection: 76.2% vs. 83.9%). The nursing staff, had the highest percentage of SARS-CoV-2 infection (42.0%), especially of its reinfection (47.8%). Out of the 262 infected individuals, 257 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, primarily inactivated vaccines (243/257, 91.1%). The first infection group, which received four doses (24, 23.8%), was significantly higher than that in the reinfection group (6, 3.7%) (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMicaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Micaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle We report a prozone effect in measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels from an antibody surveillance program. Briefly, the prozone effect occurs in immunoassays when excessively high antibody concentration disrupts the immune complex formation, resulting in a spuriously low reported result. Following participant inquiries, we observed anomalously low measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay from participants in the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Research survey (Texas CARES), an ongoing prospective, longitudinal antibody surveillance program. In July, 2022, samples were collected from ten participants with anomalously low results for serial dilution studies, and a prozone effect was confirmed. From October, 2022 to March, 2023, serial dilution of samples detected 74 additional cases of prozone out of 1,720 participants’ samples. Prozone effect may affect clinical management of at-risk populations repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through multiple immunizations or serial infections, making awareness and mitigation of this issue paramount.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Daniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez Background and aims COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be effective to prevent symptomatic infection and severe disease even in immunocompromised patients including liver transplant patients. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the mortality and development of severe and critical disease in our center. Methods A retrospective cohort study of LT patients in a reference center between March 2020 and February 2022. Demographic data, cirrhosis etiology, time on liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, and vaccination status were recorded at the time of diagnosis. Primary outcome was death due to COVID-19, and secondary outcomes included the development of severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) requirement. Results 153 of 324 LT recipients developed COVID-19, in whom the main causes of cirrhosis were HCV infection and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The vaccines used were BNT162b2 (48.6%), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (21.6%), mRNA-1273 vaccine (1.4%), Sputnik V (14.9%), Ad5-nCoV-S (4.1%) and CoronaVac (9.5%). Case fatality and ICU requirement risk were similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated LT patients (adjusted relative case fatality for vaccinated versus unvaccinated of 0.68, 95% CI 0.14–3.24, p = 0.62; adjusted relative risk [aRR] for ICU requirement of 0.45, 95% CI 0.11–1.88, p = 0.27). Nonetheless, vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe disease (aRR for severe disease of 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.71, p = 0.005). Conclusions Vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 in LT patients, regardless of the scheme used. Vaccination should be encouraged for all.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQianchun GongRendi JiangLina JiHaofeng LinMeiqin LiuXiaofang TangYong YangWei HanJing ChenZishuo GuoQi WangQian LiXi WangTingting JiangShizhe XieXinglou YangPeng ZhouZhengli ShiXinhua Lina State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of Chinac School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of Chinad State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinaf Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Jiahui GuoYinan LaiZhixiang YangWenbo SongJunwei ZhouZhuang LiWen SuShaobo XiaoLiurong Fanga National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinac Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background The prevalence and distinction between first Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reinfection with the Omicron variant among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Southern China. The study included 262 HCWs who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 between April and June 2023, with 101 cases of first infection and 161 ones of reinfection. Student’s t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U tests were used based on the distribution of quantitative variables. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used based on the expected frequencies of categorical variables. Results The reinfection rate among HCWs was 11.5% (161/1406). The majority of the infected HCWs were female (212/262, 80.9%, first infection vs. reinfection: 76.2% vs. 83.9%). The nursing staff, had the highest percentage of SARS-CoV-2 infection (42.0%), especially of its reinfection (47.8%). Out of the 262 infected individuals, 257 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, primarily inactivated vaccines (243/257, 91.1%). The first infection group, which received four doses (24, 23.8%), was significantly higher than that in the reinfection group (6, 3.7%) (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJ. Stanley, B. Sullivan, A.W. Dowsey, K. Jones, C.R. Beck
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
Between 2016-19, the proportion of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) with resistance to at least one antibiotic increased nationally. Public health interventions implemented in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed population contact patterns and healthcare systems, with consequent effects on epidemiological trends of numerous pathogens. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on epidemiological trends of E. coli BSI antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across South West England.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSylvia Mink, Heinz Drexel, Andreas Leiherer, Matthias Frick, Patrick Reimann, Christoph H. Saely, Peter Fraunberger
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background There is a significant increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reports in various countries. However, the trend of reinfection rate over time is not clear. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang for cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies up to March 16, 2023, to conduct a meta-analysis of global SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate. Subgroup analyses were performed for age, country, study type, and study population, and time-varying reinfection rates of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using meta-regression. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Result A total of 55 studies involving 111,846 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection were included. The pooled SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate was 0.94% (95% CI: 0.65 -1.35%). In the subgroup analyses, there were statistically significant differences in the pooled reinfection rates by reinfection variant, and study type (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYue Yat Harrison Cheung, Eric Ho Yin Lau, Guosheng Yin, Yun Lin, Jialiang Jiang, Benjamin John Cowling, Kwok Fai Lam
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
As of July 26th, 2023, the novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has caused more than 768 million confirmed infection cases of COVID-19, resulting in over 6.9 million associated fatalities globally [1]. Over the course of the long battle with the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccinations [2-3] and oral antivirals [4-5] have been developed to contain the spread of the disease and reduce the risk of developing severe conditions. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the “gold standard” [6] of identifying the causal effects of COVID-19 vaccinations and oral antivirals, they have the limitations of short observational periods [7], and sometimes, limited sample sizes [8].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
Abstract Background Viruses are the leading etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. However, there is limited knowledge on drivers of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases involving viruses. We aimed to identify factors associated with severity and prolonged hospitalization of viral SARI among children
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSerajeddin Mahmoudiani
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
by Serajeddin Mahmoudiani Contraception represents a deliberate choice made by individuals, both men and women, to regulate their desired number of children. The primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of contraceptive use, while also exploring the shifts in contraception methods following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey technique. The survey was conducted in Kermanshah, one of Iran’s metropolises located in the western part of the country. The sampling methodology employed in this study involved a combination of multi-stage classification and systematic random methods. The survey took place between July and August 2022. The target population for the survey included women between the ages of 15 and 49. A total of 600 women from this population were selected and included in the survey sample. The sample was described using frequency tables, as well as central and dispersion indices (mean and standard deviation). Additionally, multivariate analysis was conducted through the application of logistic regression. Findings pointed out that approximately 65% of the women in the sample utilized contraception methods. Among these methods, the condom and oral pill were found to be the most prevalent choices. Moreover, the findings indicated that an increase in the number of both living and ideal children was associated with a decreased likelihood of contraceptive use. Following the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an observed increase in the utilization of traditional and natural methods of contraception. This shift highlights the importance of considering a broader range of contraceptive options and not solely focusing on restricting contraception services. In the midst of the coronavirus outbreak, women turned to traditional contraceptives, which may increase the risk of unintended pregnancies and subsequent miscarriages. Therefore, providing in-person services to women at their place of residence is necessary during epidemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCheyenne C. E. van Hagen, Anne J. Huiberts, Elizabeth N. Mutubuki, Hester E. de Melker, Eric R. A. Vos, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Susan van den Hof, Mirjam J. Knol, Albert Jan van Hoek
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Cheyenne C. E. van Hagen, Anne J. Huiberts, Elizabeth N. Mutubuki, Hester E. de Melker, Eric R. A. Vos, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Susan van den Hof, Mirjam J. Knol, Albert Jan van Hoek Objectives We describe health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general Dutch population and correlations with restrictive measures. Methods Data were obtained from 18–85 year-old participants of two population-based cohort studies (February 2021-July 2022): PIENTER Corona (n = 8,019) and VASCO (n = 45,413). Per cohort, mean scores of mental and physical health and health utility from the SF-12 were calculated by age group, sex and presence of a medical risk condition. Spearman correlations with stringency of measures were calculated. Results Both cohorts showed comparable results. Participants
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHsiao-Hui Tsou, Fang-Jing Lee, Shiow-Ing Wu, Byron Fan, Hsiao-Yu Wu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ya-Ting Hsu, Chieh Cheng, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Wei-Ming Jiang, Hung-Yi Chiou, Wei J. Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Pau-Chung Chen, Huey-Kang Sytwu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Hsiao-Hui Tsou, Fang-Jing Lee, Shiow-Ing Wu, Byron Fan, Hsiao-Yu Wu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ya-Ting Hsu, Chieh Cheng, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Wei-Ming Jiang, Hung-Yi Chiou, Wei J. Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Pau-Chung Chen, Huey-Kang Sytwu Background Taiwan was a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outlier, with an extraordinarily long transmission-free record: 253 days without locally transmitted infections while the rest of the world battled wave after wave of infection. The appearance of the alpha variant in May 2021, closely followed by the delta variant, disrupted this transmission-free streak. However, despite low vaccination coverage (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaja Stosic, Dragana Plavsa, Verica Jovanovic, Marko Veljkovic, Dragan Babic, Aleksandra Knezevic, Vladan Saponjic, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Miljan Rancic, Marija Milic, Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Maja Stosic, Dragana Plavsa, Verica Jovanovic, Marko Veljkovic, Dragan Babic, Aleksandra Knezevic, Vladan Saponjic, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Miljan Rancic, Marija Milic, Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) are estimated to be the cause of death in about 19% of all children younger than 5 years globally. The outbreak of coronaviral disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, increased considerably the burden of SARI worldwide. We used data from a vaccine effectiveness study to identify the factors associated with SARS CoV-2 infection among hospitalized SARI patients. We recruited SARI patients at 3 hospitals in Serbia from 7 April 2022–1 May 2023. We collected demographic and clinical data from patients using a structured questionnaire, and all SARI patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. We conducted an unmatched test negative case-control study. SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI patients were considered cases, while SARS CoV-2 negative SARI patients were controls. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis in order to identify variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We included 110 SARI patients: 74 were cases and 36 controls. We identified 5 factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.07), having received primary COVID-19 vaccine series (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.09–0.88), current smoking (OR = 8.64; 95% CI = 2.43–30.72), previous SARS CoV-2 infection (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.50–8.11) and number of days before seeking medical help (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.64–1.02). In Serbia during a period of Omicron circulation, we found that older age, unvaccinated, hospitalized SARI patients, previously infected with SARS CoV-2 virus and those who smoked, were more likely to be SARS-CoV-2-positive; these patient populations should be prioritized for COVID vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.03.2024
Tilføjet 17.03.2024
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequntly accompanied by venous thromboembolism (VTE), and its mechanism may be related to the abnormal inflammation and immune status of COVID-19 patients. It has been proved that interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) may play an important role in the occurrence of VTE in COVID-19 infection. But whether they can server as predictors for VTE in COVID-19 is still unclear. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare IL-6, ferritin and LDH in VTE and non-VTE COVID-19 patients in order to shed light on the prevention and treatment of VTE. Methods Related literatures were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANGFANG. COVID-19 patients were divided into VTE group and non-VTE group. Meta-analysis was then conducted to compare levels of IL-6, ferritin and LDH between the two groups. Results We finally included and analyzed 17 literatures from January 2019 to October 2022. There was a total of 7,035 COVID-19 patients, with a weighted mean age of 60.01 years. Males accounted for 62.64% and 61.34% patients were in intensive care unit (ICU). Weighted mean difference (WMD) of IL-6, ferritin and LDH was 31.15 (95% CI: 9.82, 52.49), 257.02 (95% CI: 51.70, 462.33) and 41.79 (95% CI: -19.38, 102.96), respectively. The above results indicated that than compared with non-VTE group, VTE group had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and ferritin but similar LDH. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis pointed out that elevated levels of IL-6 and ferritin were significantly possitive associated with VTE, thus could be used as biological predictive indicators of VTE among COVID-19 patients. However, no association was found between level of LDH and VTE. Therefore, close monitoring of changes in IL-6 and ferritin concentrations is of great value in assisting clinicans to rapidly identify thrombotic complications among COVID-19 patients, hence facilitating the timely effective managment. Further studies are required in terms of the clinical role of cytokines in the occurrence of VTE among COVID-19 infection, with more reliable systematic controls and interventional trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed