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Søgeord (hepatitis) valgt.
10 emner vises.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a major public health challenge globally, especially among injecting drug users. China has the world’s largest burden of HCV infections. However, little is known about the characteristics of transmission networks among drug user populations. This study aims to investigate the molecular epidemiology and transmission characteristics of HCV infections among drug users in Zhuhai, a bustling port city connecting Mainland China and its Special Administrative Regions. Methods Participants enrolled in this study were drug users incarcerated at Zhuhai’s drug rehabilitation center in 2015. Their sociodemographic and behavioral information, including gender, promiscuity, drug use method, and so forth, was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Plasmas separated from venous blood were analyzed for HCV infection through ELISA and RT-PCR methods to detect anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA. The 5’UTR fragment of the HCV genome was amplified and further sequenced for subtype identifications and phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model, and the transmission cluster network was constructed using Cytoscape3.8.0 software with a threshold of 0.015. Binary logistic regression models were employed to assess the factors associated with HCV infection. Results The overall prevalence of HCV infection among drug users was 44.37%, with approximately 19.69% appearing to clear the HCV virus successfully. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that those aged over 40, engaging in injecting drug use, and being native residents were at heightened risk for HCV infection among drug user cohorts. The predominant HCV subtypes circulating among those drug users were 6a (60.26%), followed by 3b (16.7%), 3a (12.8%), 1b (6.41%) and 1a (3.85%), respectively. Molecular transmission network analysis unveiled the presence of six transmission clusters, with the largest propagation cluster consisting of 41 individuals infected with HCV subtype 6a. Furthermore, distinct transmission clusters involved eight individuals infected with subtype 3b and seven with subtype 3a were also observed. Conclusion The genetic transmission networks revealed a complex transmission pattern among drug users in Zhuhai, emphasizing the imperative for a targeted and effective intervention strategy to mitigate HCV dissemination. These insights are pivotal for shaping future national policies on HCV screening, treatment, and prevention in port cities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
This study discusses whether facilitated telemedicine for hepatitis C treatment increases cure rates compared with standard-of-care referral to hepatitis specialists.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedD’Antoni, Michelle L.; Andreatta, Kristen; Chang, Silvia; Cox, Stephanie; Hindman, Jason T.; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Martin, Hal; VanderVeen, Laurie A.; Callebaut, Christian
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
Background: In the Phase 3 ALLIANCE study, both bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) and dolutegravir plus emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DTG + F/TDF) achieved high rates of HIV-1 RNA suppression through Week 96 in adults with HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus (HBV) initiating treatment (NCT03547908). Here, we quantify preexisting HIV-1 resistance, evaluate its effect on HIV-1 virologic suppression, and describe postbaseline HIV-1 resistance through Week 96. Methods: Preexisting HIV-1 resistance was assessed by historical and/or screening genotyping. HIV-1 RNA suppression to
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTianxu LiuYalei CaoJiaming WengSongzhan GaoZirun JinYun ZhangYuzhuo YangHe ZhangChangyou XiaXin YinYong LuoQiyu HeHui JiangLin WangZhe Zhanga Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 28.04.2024
Tilføjet 28.04.2024
Sarah Kimball, Marley Reynoso, Courtney McKnight, Don Des Jarlais
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 27.04.2024
Tilføjet 27.04.2024
by Sarah Kimball, Marley Reynoso, Courtney McKnight, Don Des Jarlais Background The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among people who inject drugs (PWID) is between 50–70%. Prior systematic reviews demonstrated that PWID have similar direct acting antiviral treatment outcomes compared to non-PWID; however, reviews have not examined treatment outcomes by housing status. Given the links between housing and health, identifying gaps in HCV treatment can guide future interventions. Methods We conducted a systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched six databases for articles from 2014 onward. Two reviewers conducted title/abstract screenings, full-text review, and data extraction. We extracted effect measures for treatment initiation, adherence, completion, success, and reinfection by housing status. Studies underwent quality and certainty assessments, and we performed meta-analyses as appropriate. Results Our search yielded 473 studies, eight of which met inclusion criteria. Only the treatment initiation outcome had sufficient measures for meta-analysis. Using a random-effects model, we found those with unstable housing had 0.40 (0.26, 0.62) times the odds of initiating treatment compared to those with stable housing. Other outcomes were not amenable for meta-analysis due to a limited number of studies or differing outcome definitions. Conclusions Among PWID, unstable housing appears to be a barrier to HCV treatment initiation; however, the existing data is limited for treatment initiation and the other outcomes we examined. There is a need for more informative studies to better understand HCV treatment among those with unstable housing. Specifically, future studies should better define housing status beyond a binary, static measure to capture the nuances and complexity of housing and its subsequent impact on HCV treatment. Additionally, researchers should meaningfully consider whether the outcome(s) of interest are being accurately measured for individuals experiencing unstable housing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) cause chronic hepatitis with important clinical differences. HCV causes hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, while HBV confers increased risk of liver cancer. We hypothesised these differences may be due to virus-specific effects on mitochondrial function.Methods Seahorse technology was utilised to investigate effects of virus infection on mitochondrial function. Cell based assays were used to measure mitochondrial membrane potential and quantify pyruvate and lactate. Mass spectrometry was performed on mitochondria isolated from HBV expressing, HCV infected and control cells cultured with isotope-labelled amino acids, to identify proteins with different abundance. Altered expression of key mitochondrial proteins was confirmed by real time PCR and western blot.Results Reduced mitochondrial function and ATP production were observed with HCV infection and HBV expression. HCV impairs glycolysis and reduces expression of genes regulating fatty acid oxidation, promoting lipid accumulation. HBV causes lactate accumulation by increasing expression of lactate dehydrogenase A, which converts pyruvate to lactate. In HBV expressing cells there was marked enrichment of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, inhibiting conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and thereby reducing its availability for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.Conclusions HCV and HBV impair mitochondrial function and reduce ATP production. HCV reduces acetyl-CoA availability for energy production by impairing fatty acid oxidation, causing lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis. HBV has no effect on fatty oxidation but reduces acetyl-CoA availability by disrupting pyruvate metabolism. This promotes lactic acidosis and oxidative stress, increasing the risk of disease progression and liver cancer.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLin Chen, Xuemei Tao, Minghui Zeng, Yuqin Li, Jiaxin Han, Yuekui Wang, Yonggang Liu, Ruifang Shi, Rui Su, Liang Xu, Yuqiang Mi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Abstract Background Virtually all cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children in the United States occur through vertical transmission, but it is unknown how many children are infected. Cases of maternal HCV infection have increased in the United States, which may increase the number of children vertically infected with HCV. Infection has long-term consequences for a child\'s health, but treatment options are now available for children ≥3 years old. Reducing HCV infections in adults could decrease HCV infections in children.Methods Using a stochastic compartmental model, we forecasted incidence of HCV infections in children in the United States from 2022 through 2027. The model considered vertical transmission to children
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJian WangLi ZhuShaoqiu ZhangZhiyi ZhangTao FanFei CaoYe XiongYifan PanYuanyuan LiChao JiangShengxia YinXin TongYali XiongJuan XiaXiaomin YanYong LiuXingxiang LiuYuxin ChenJie LiChuanwu ZhuChao WuRui Huanga Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of Chinah Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background We evaluated long-term trajectories of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)-RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) in persons with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss during tenofovir therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Methods We included 29 persons with HIV (PWH) with HBsAg loss and 29 matched PWH without loss. We compared HBV-RNA and HBcrAg decline and assessed the cumulative proportions with undetectable HBV-RNA and HBcrAg levels during tenofovir therapy using Kaplan-Meier estimates.Results HBsAg loss occurred after a median of 4 years (IQR 1 - 8). All participants with HBsAg loss achieved suppressed HBV-DNA and undetectable HBV-RNA preceding undetectable qHBsAg levels, whereas 79% achieved negative HBcrAg. In comparison, 79% of the participants without HBsAg loss achieved undetectable HBV-RNA and 48% negative HBcrAg. After two years on tenofovir, an HBV RNA decline ≥1 log10 copies/ml had 100% sensitivity and 36.4% specificity for HBsAg loss, whereas an HBcrAg decline ≥1 log10 U/ml had 91.0% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity.Conclusions HBV-RNA suppression preceded undetectable qHBsAg levels, and had high sensitivity but low specificity for HBsAg loss during tenofovir therapy in PWH. HBcrAg remained detectable in approximately 20% of persons with, and 50% of persons without HBsAg loss.
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