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Hassan Abdi Hussein, Abdifetah Mohamed, Juhar Mohamed Ahmed
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
by Hassan Abdi Hussein, Abdifetah Mohamed, Juhar Mohamed Ahmed A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to March 2019. A participatory epidemiological appraisal was used to gain a rapid overview of the range of camel calf health problems and traditional management, a measure of the importance that people place on each of them, and to identify and prioritize economically important diseases in target zones. The most important constraints to camel production were identified to be the widespread prevalence of diseases such as camelpox, contagious ecthyma, calf scour, ticks, and nonspecific pneumonia; poor management and husbandry practices such as restrictive colostrum feeding, lack of concentrate and salt supplementation and inappropriate housing; shortage of feed; and scarce seasonal variation in water. Additionally, the livestock herders not only showed their knowledge of common camel calf diseases for affected organs and symptoms but also indicated the seasonality of disease occurrences with strong agreement (W = 0.899, P< 0.003) among the informants of all focus group discussions. The overall prevalence of mange, tick infestation, and bacteria-induced diarrhea in the study area was found to be 36.3%, 36%, and 74%, respectively. Sarcoptes scabie var. cameli was the only identified mite species from mange-infested calves, while Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, and Amblyoma were the most commonly identified tick species. Similarly, the overall prevalence of diarrhea was 74% among this about 34.6% was caused by E. coli while 38.9% was affected by Salmonella and E. coli. Therefore, based on these findings, five diseases have been prioritized as the most significant calf diseases in the area (Camelpox, contagious ecthyma, and causes of pneumonia among camel calves). Improving veterinary health infrastructure and capacity, and increasing community awareness on camel health constraints are also recommended to enhance optimal camel calf rearing.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background Diversification of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is suggested as one of the strategies that can be used to contain artemisinin resistance. Artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) is one of the artemisinin-based combinations that can be used in the diversification strategy as an alternative first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in mainland Tanzania. There is however limited data on the efficacy of ASAQ in mainland Tanzania. This study assessed the efficacy of ASAQ for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in selected sentinel sites for therapeutic efficacy studies in mainland Tanzania. Methods Between December 2018 and March 2020, children aged between 6 months and 10 years, attending at Nagaga, Mkuzi, and Mlimba primary health facilities, and with suspected uncomplicated malaria infection were screened for eligibility to participate in the study. Malaria infection was screened using microscopy. Children with uncomplicated P. falciparum monoinfection and who fulfilled all other inclusion criteria, and had none of the exclusion criteria, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, were treated with ASAQ. Follow-up visits were scheduled on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 or on any day of recurrent infection for clinical and laboratory assessment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-corrected cure rate on day 28 was the primary outcome. Results A total of 264 children, 88 in each of the three study sites (Mlimba, Mkuzi and Nagaga health facilities) were enrolled and treated with ASAQ. The ASAQ PCR-corrected cure rate was 100% at all the three study sites. None of the participants had early treatment failure or late clinical failure. Furthermore, none of the participants had a serious adverse event. Conclusion ASAQ was highly efficacious for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in mainland Tanzania, therefore, it can be deployed as an alternative first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria as part of diversification strategy to contain the spread of partial artemisinin resistance in the country.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStig Ree Krüger, Espen Rigby Norvard, Kjersti Wik Larssen, Ursa Maierhofer, Helene Hestmann, Thomas Papathomas
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
A 58-year-old male with no travel history was admitted to the medical emergency department with a 6-month history of weight loss, pruritus and reduced appetite, deteriorating with one week of loose stools and nausea. Blood tests indicated a slightly elevated CRP as well as low-grade anemia, eosinophilia, and hyponatremia. A CT scan of the abdomen (Figure 1a) revealed generalized lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy displayed granulomatoid accumulations of variably foamy macrophages containing PAS- and GMS-positive rods (Figure 1b-d).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPol Campos-Mercade, Florian H. Schneider
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Ensuring widespread vaccination is essential in mitigating the public health impacts of many infectious diseases. Despite the proven effectiveness of vaccination, achieving high vaccination coverage remains a challenge. To increase vaccination rates, public institutions, non-profit organizations, and companies often consider incentivization strategies, including offering monetary rewards conditional on vaccination. For example, in many low-income countries, parents are incentivized to adhere to the complete vaccination schedule for their children [1, 2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKevin B. Laupland, Felicity Edwards, Zoe Dettrick, Patrick N.A. Harris
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Studies examining time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures as a risk factor for death have shown conflicting results. The study objective was to examine the effect of TTP on all cause-30-day case-fatality among a population-based cohort of patients with bloodstream infections (BSI).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOlivier Paccoud, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Florence Persat, Magalie Demar, Karine Boukris-Sitbon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Julie Bonhomme, Christine Bonnal, Françoise Botterel, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Sophie Brun, Sophie Cassaing, Estelle Cateau, Taieb Chouaki, Muriel Cornet, Eric Dannaoui, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Marie-Fleur Durieux, Loïc Favennec, Arnaud Fekkar, Frederic Gabriel, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Juliette Guitard, Lilia Hasseine, Antoine Huguenin, Solène Le Gal, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Caroline Mahinc, Florent Morio, Muriel Nicolas, Philippe Poirier, Stéphane Ranque, Gabrielle Roosen, Célia Rouges, Anne-Laure Roux, Milène Sasso, Alexandre Alanio, Olivier Lortholary, Fanny Lanternier, for the French Mycoses Study Group
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
We aimed to describe features and outcomes of cryptococcosis among HIV-seronegative individuals in a large surveillance network for cryptococcosis in France.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSoheila Aghlmandi, Julia Bielicki, Heiner C. Bucher
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
There are fundamental differences between our cohort1 and the databases from Swiss primary care networks that are mentioned by Plüss-Suard C et al.2 In our study we used patient-level data covering roughly 50% of the Swiss population that was aggregated on a practice level, similar to our Benchmark II trial.3,4 We analyzed 2,945 general practices comprising 5,113 medium-to high-prescriber general practitioners (GPs) and pediatricians. Our study focused specifically on antibiotic prescriptions, and we considered any physician who had prescribed at least one antibiotic during a consultation in a specific year/month to construct the denominator for the calculation of antibiotic prescription rates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuido Granata, Eskild Petersen, Alessandro Capone, Daniele Donati, Benedetta Andriolo, Maya Gross, Stefania Cicalini, Nicola Petrosillo
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Scant data are available on the link between armed conflicts and the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBalal SadeghiMartin H. GroschupMartin EidenInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
Virulence, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Yong-Ye YangI-Ting TsaiChung-Hsu LaiChih-Ping ChenChia‐Chi ChenYin-Chou Hsua Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwanb School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwanc Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwand Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwane School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwanf School of Medicine for International Student, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwang Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Virulence, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Milena Dropa, Jéssica Santiago Bispo da Silva, André Furugen César Andrade, Denis Hideki Nakasone, Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha, Gesiane Ribeiro, Ronalda Silva de Araújo, Carlos Jesus Brandão, Barbara Ghiglione, Nilton Lincopan, Maria Inês Zanoli Sato, Terezinha Knöbl
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Mengxuan Gui, Chongxin Wu, Ruoyao Qi, Yue Zeng, Pengfei Huang, Jiali Cao, Tian Chen, Kaiyun Chen, Lina Lin, Qiangyuan Han, Peiqing He, Rao Fu, Qian Wu, Quan Yuan, Tianying Zhang, Ningshao Xia, Guosong Wang, Yixin Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Fan Li, Jixu Li, Jingdong Song, De Li, Qikai Yin, Shihong Fu, Kai Nie, Qianqian Cui, Songtao Xu, Qiang Wei, Huanyu Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Assim Verma, Ramesh Kumar Dedar, Ram Kumar, Yogesh Chander, Himanshu Kamboj, Garvit Kumar, Rekha Verma, Santosh Kumari, Shalini Sharma, Bhupendra N. Tripathi, Sanjay Barua, Naveen Kumar
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Salini Mohanty, Nicole Cossrow, Kalvin C. Yu, Gang Ye, Meghan White, Vikas Gupta
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause both invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), which occurs when bacteria enter normally sterile sites such as the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid, and non-invasive PD, which includes community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and otitis media. Both types of PD exert a significant clinical and economic burden on patients and society [1], and this burden is particularly substantial in adults. Older adults and adults of all ages with certain chronic or immunocompromising conditions are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease (PD) [2,3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Oral rotavirus vaccines demonstrate diminished immunogenicity in low-income settings where human cytomegalovirus infection is aquired early in childhood and modulates immunity. We hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus infection around the time of vaccination may influence immunogenicity. We measured plasma human cytomegalovirus specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in rotavirus vaccinated infants from 6 weeks to 12 months old and compared rotavirus immunoglobulin A antibody titres between human cytomegalovirus seropositive and seronegative infants. There was no evidence of an association between human cytomegalovirus serostatus at 9 months and rotavirus specific antibody titres at 12 months (geometric mean ratio 1.01, 95%CI: 0.70,1.45; p=0.976) or fold-increase in RV-IgA titre between 9 and 12 months (risk ratio 0.999, 95%CI: 0.66,1.52; p=0.995) overall. However, HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were seropositive for human cytomegalovirus at 9 months old had a 63% reduction in rotavirus antibody geometric mean titres at 12 months compared to HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were seronegative for human cytomegalovirus (geometric mean ratio 0.37, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.77; p=0.008). While the broader implications of human cytomegalovirus infections on oral rotavirus vaccine response might be limited in the general infant population, the potential impact in the HIV-exposed-uninfected infants cannot be overlooked. This study highlights the complexity of immunological responses and the need for targeted interventions to ensure oral rotavirus vaccine efficacy, especially in vulnerable subpopulations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHarrison, M., Rhodes, T., Lancaster, K.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
ObjectivesTo investigate the lived experiences of Long COVID. DesignCritical interpretive synthesis of qualitative research. Data sourcesPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched on 14 September 2023. Eligibility criteriaOriginal peer-reviewed qualitative studies describing the experiences of Long COVID were eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and synthesisWe used established qualitative synthesis methods to search, screen and manually code the included studies. Critical interpretation methods were used to analyse the data and develop synthetic constructs. Results68 articles were identified in the first phase of sampling, with 16 studies and 879 participants included in the final synthesis. The analysis of these studies was organised into three thematic constructions of Long COVID: (1) the illness, (2) the patient and (3) recovery. Long COVID was diversely characterised across study approaches, designs and findings but was underpinned by shared diagnostic logics, which shaped the identification and measurement of symptoms. The boundaries between different constitutions of Long COVID in qualitative accounts of illness experience were often imprecise. Slippages between different definitions of Long COVID had implications for patient experiences in relation to diagnosis, help-seeking and care, and expectations of recovery. ConclusionsLong COVID is a site of multiple and diverse qualitative interpretation. Accounts of lived experience emphasise the constitutions of illness, patienthood and recovery as situated and emergent. The ongoing context-based negotiation of Long COVID is a defining qualitative feature of the condition. Approaches to researching, diagnosing and developing health interventions must be as adaptive as the varieties of Long COVID lived experience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBlock Ngaybe, M. G., Ravi, P., Rosales, A., Camarena, J. L., Madhivanan, P.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
BackgroundThere are currently over 38 million individuals around the globe living with the HIV and AIDS. As many HIV prevention and care services emerging for public use services become available to a wider audience, there is a growing need for more information about willingness to engage in these care and services. Stated preference research methods have been shown to be useful methods to help predict factors that influence health behaviours in the future. Research questionThis is a systematic review of findings from stated preference studies regarding the choices of people living with HIV or people at risk of contracting HIV to engage in HIV prevention or care. MethodsOur team plans to compile stated preference studies studying the choice to engage in HIV prevention or care services. Studies will be included from 1 January 2018 until 28 October 2022. There will be no restrictions on the language or location of the study. We will search databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, Tufts CEA registry and CINAHL. Two researchers will review each article’s title, abstract, then full-text and finally extract relevant data based on a predetermined process. Data will be presented in a narrative review and in an exploratory meta-analysis by subgroups of studies. Ethics and dissemination of researchThere is no need for an ethical review process of this study since all data used is available publicly. The findings of this study will be reported in relevant conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023397785.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGarcia, C., Holbrook, A., Djiadeu, P., Alvarez, E., Matos Silva, J., Mbuagbaw, L.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
BackgroundAdequate surveillance of HIV drug resistance prevalence is challenged by heterogenous and inadequate data reporting. To address this issue, we recently published reporting guidance documentation for studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence and incidence. ObjectivesIn this study, we describe the methods used to develop this reporting guidance. DesignWe used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design involving authors and users of studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence. In the quantitative phase, we conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey (n=51). Survey participants rated various reporting items on whether they are essential to report. Validity ratios were computed to determine the items to discuss in the qualitative phase. In the qualitative phase, two focus group discussions (n=9 in total) discussed this draft item checklist, providing a justification and examples for each item. We conducted a descriptive qualitative analysis of the group discussions to identify emergent themes regarding the qualities of an essential reporting item. ResultsWe identified 38 potential reporting items that better characterise the study participants, improve the interpretability of study results and clarify the methods used for HIV resistance testing. These items were synthesised to create the reporting item checklist. Qualitative insights formed the basis of the explanation, elaboration, and rationale components of the guidance document. ConclusionsWe generated a list of reporting items for studies on the incidence or prevalence of HIV drug resistance along with an explanation of why researchers believe these items are important. Mixed methods allowed for the simultaneous generation and integration of the item list and qualitative insights. The integrated findings were then further developed to become the subsequently published reporting guidance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMortensen, J. K., Blauenfeldt, R. A., Hedegaard, J. N., Morberg Wejse, C., Johnsen, S. P., Andersen, G., Simonsen, C. Z.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
ObjectivesAn increased risk of stroke has been reported among patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate the nationwide prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among patients with acute ischaemic stroke and to study the impact on stroke severity, quality of care and mortality on an individual patient level. DesignThis was a nationwide register-based cohort study. SettingWe used data from several Danish registers which were linked at an individual patient level using the unique civil registration number assigned to all Danish citizens. Patients were identified from the Danish Stroke Registry and information on SARS-CoV-2 infection status was collected from the Danish National COVID-19 Registry. Concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive PCR test within 31 days prior to, and 1 day after, stroke admission. Information on comorbidity was collected from the Danish National Patient Registry and information on vital status was collected from the Danish Civil Registration System. ParticipantsA total of 11 502 patients admitted with acute ischaemic stroke from 10 March 2020 to 31 May 2021 were included in the study. ResultsAmong the included patients, the majority (84.6%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2, but only 68 had a positive test. These patients were more prone to have atrial fibrillation and were more often treated with reperfusion therapy. They had a significantly increased risk of severe stroke (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.93, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.04) and a significantly increased 30-day mortality risk (aRR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.39). There was no difference in the proportion of patients fulfilling relevant performance measures on quality of care. ConclusionIn this nationwide study, only 0.6% of patients with acute ischaemic stroke were tested positive for a concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients with SARS-CoV-2 presented with more severe strokes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions to everyday life and has had social, political, and financial consequences that will persist for years. Several initiatives with intensive use of technology were quickly developed in this scenario. However, technologies that enhance epidemiological surveillance in contexts with low testing capacity and healthcare resources are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by developing a data science model that uses routinely generated healthcare encounter records to detect possible new outbreaks early in real-time. Methods We defined an epidemiological indicator that is a proxy for suspected cases of COVID-19 using the health records of Emergency Care Unit (ECU) patients and text mining techniques. The open-field dataset comprises 2,760,862 medical records from nine ECUs, where each record has information about the patient’s age, reported symptoms, and the time and date of admission. We also used a dataset where 1,026,804 cases of COVID-19 were officially confirmed. The records range from January 2020 to May 2022. Sample cross-correlation between two finite stochastic time series was used to evaluate the models. Results For patients with age 18 years, we find time-lag () = 72 days and cross-correlation () ~ 0.82, = 25 days and ~ 0.93, and = 17 days and ~ 0.88 for the first, second, and third waves, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, the developed model can aid in the early detection of signs of possible new COVID-19 outbreaks, weeks before traditional surveillance systems, thereby anticipating in initiating preventive and control actions in public health with a higher likelihood of success.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex procedure and easily accompanied by healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This study aimed to assess the impact of PBD on postoperative infections and clinical outcomes in PD patients. Methods The retrospective cohort study were conducted in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2022. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from HAIs surveillance system and analyzed. Results Among 2842 patients who underwent PD, 247 (8.7%) were diagnosed with HAIs, with surgical site infection being the most frequent type (n = 177, 71.7%). A total of 369 pathogenic strains were detected, with Klebsiella pneumoniae having the highest proportion, followed by Enterococcu and Escherichia coli. Although no significant association were observed generally between PBD and postoperative HAIs, subgroup analysis revealed that PBD was associated with postoperative HAIs in patients undergoing robotic PD (aRR = 2.174; 95% CI:1.011–4.674; P = 0.047). Prolonging the interval between PBD and PD could reduce postoperative HAIs in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (≥4 week: aRR = 0.292, 95% CI 0.100–0.853; P = 0.024) and robotic PD (≤2 week: aRR = 3.058, 95% CI 1.178–7.940; P = 0.022). PBD was also found to increase transfer of patients to ICU (aRR = 1.351; 95% CI 1.119–1.632; P = 0.002), extended length of stay (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background HIV virological failure is one of the main problems in HIV-infected patients, and identifying the main predictors of such treatment failure may help in combating HIV/AIDS. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 1800 HIV-infected patients with either virological failure or treatment response. HIV viral load, CD4 count, and other tests were performed. Statistical analysis was used to determine the predictors of virological failure. Results Clinical stage, treatment with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), under therapy for three years or more, suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), age > 40 years, CD4 count
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background Since the early 1970s, cholera outbreaks have been a major public health burden in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Cholera cases have been reported in a quasi-continuous manner in certain lakeside areas in the Great Lakes Region. As these cholera-endemic health zones constitute a starting point for outbreaks and diffusion towards other at-risk areas, they play a major role in cholera dynamics in the country. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera hotspots and adjusting interventions accordingly thus reduces the disease burden in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Methods A literature review was conducted to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera in the DRC at the province level from 1973 to 1999. We then identified and classified cholera hotspots at the provincial and health zone levels from 2003 to 2022 and described the spatiotemporal evolution of hotspots. We also applied and compared three different classification methods to ensure that cholera hotspots are identified and classified according to the DRC context. Results According to all three methods, high-priority hotspots were concentrated in the eastern Great Lakes Region. Overall, hotspots largely remained unchanged over the course of the study period, although slight improvements were observed in some eastern hotspots, while other non-endemic areas in the west experienced an increase in cholera outbreaks. The Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) and the Department of Ecology and Infectious Disease Control (DEIDC) methods largely yielded similar results for the high-risk hotspots. However, the medium-priority hotspots identified by the GTFCC method were further sub-classified by the DEIDC method, thereby providing a more detailed ranking for priority targeting. Conclusions Overall, the findings of this comprehensive study shed light on the dynamics of cholera hotspots in the DRC from 1973 to 2022. These results may serve as an evidence-based foundation for public health officials and policymakers to improve the implementation of the Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan, guiding targeted interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of cholera in vulnerable communities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid R. Soll1Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, Mark D. Rose
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Xin Wang, You Li, Ting Shi, Louis J Bont, Helen Y Chu, Heather J Zar, Bhanu Wahi-Singh, Yiming Ma, Bingbing Cong, Emma Sharland, Richard D Riley, Jikui Deng, Josep Figueras-Aloy, Terho Heikkinen, Marcus H Jones, Johannes G Liese, Joško Markić, Asuncion Mejias, Marta C Nunes, Bernhard Resch, Ashish Satav, Kee Thai Yeo, Eric A F Simões, Harish Nair, Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, RESCEU investigators
Lancet, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Preterm infants face a disproportionately high burden of RSV-associated disease, accounting for 25% of RSV hospitalisation burden. Early preterm infants have a substantial RSV hospitalisation burden persisting into the second year of life. Preventive products for RSV can have a substantial public health impact by preventing RSV-associated ALRI and severe outcomes from infection in preterm infants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOle Haagen Nielsen, John Mark Gubatan, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Sarah Elizabeth Streett, Cynthia Maxwell
Lancet, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects reproductive planning due to psychological effects and mechanical problems related to surgery. Children of people with IBD have an increased risk of about 10% if one parent has IBD and up to 33% if both parents have IBD. The fertility of people with IBD is similar to the general population, but fertility might be reduced in individuals with active IBD, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, or perianal Crohn\'s disease. Flaring disease during pregnancy increases complications, such as preterm birth.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbebe Fromsa, Katriina Willgert, Sreenidhi Srinivasan, Getnet Mekonnen, Wegene Bedada, Balako Gumi, Matios Lakew, Biniam Tadesse, Berecha Bayissa, Asegedech Sirak, Musse Girma Abdela, Solomon Gebre, Tesfaye Chibssa, Maroudam Veerasami, H. Martin Vordermeier, Douwe Bakker, Stefan Berg, Gobena Ameni, Nick Juleff, Mart C. M. de Jong, James Wood, Andrew Conlan, Vivek Kapur
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Bin Tan, Xiaoming Zhang, Ahmadullah Ansari, Prakash Jadhav, Haozhou Tan, Kan Li, Ashima Chopra, Alexandra Ford, Xiang Chi, Francesc Xavier Ruiz, Eddy Arnold, Xufang Deng, Jun Wang
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Anita L. Michel
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Jon Cohen
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Eva H. ClarkLouisa A. MessengerJeffrey D. WhitmanCaryn Bern1Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA2Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA3Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA4Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA, Graeme N. Forrest, Christina Coyle
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Karen O’Leary
Nature, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Micaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Micaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle We report a prozone effect in measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels from an antibody surveillance program. Briefly, the prozone effect occurs in immunoassays when excessively high antibody concentration disrupts the immune complex formation, resulting in a spuriously low reported result. Following participant inquiries, we observed anomalously low measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay from participants in the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Research survey (Texas CARES), an ongoing prospective, longitudinal antibody surveillance program. In July, 2022, samples were collected from ten participants with anomalously low results for serial dilution studies, and a prozone effect was confirmed. From October, 2022 to March, 2023, serial dilution of samples detected 74 additional cases of prozone out of 1,720 participants’ samples. Prozone effect may affect clinical management of at-risk populations repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through multiple immunizations or serial infections, making awareness and mitigation of this issue paramount.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNihad Salifu, Catherine I. Segbefia, Yakubu Alhassan, Lorna A. Renner, Edem M. A. Tette
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Nihad Salifu, Catherine I. Segbefia, Yakubu Alhassan, Lorna A. Renner, Edem M. A. Tette Undernutrition in children with cancer is associated with complications during cancer therapy. The study objective was to determine the association between specific anthropometric parameters and short-term chemotherapy-related complications and mortality. This was a hospital-based, prospective cohort study of children, age ≤12 years, with a new cancer diagnosis at the Paediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Socio-demographic information, cancer characteristics and anthropometric measurements were obtained at enrolment. Participants were followed up for twelve weeks from commencement of chemotherapy and selected treatment-related complications such as anaemia and thrombocytopenia requiring transfusions, prolonged neutropenia resulting in treatment delays, febrile neutropenia, mucositis and death were recorded. A total of 133 participants were recruited with a median age of 4.5 years. Eighty-one (60.9%) were diagnosed with solid tumours, 31 (23.3%) had leukaemias and 21 (15.8%) had lymphomas. Of the anthropometric parameters assessed, only arm anthropometry using upper arm muscle area (UAMA) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were associated with complications. Participants with wasting were more likely to develop anaemia and mucositis. However, the incidence of prolonged neutropenia was significantly higher among participants with average UAMA (p = 0.043) and low average UAMA (p = 0.049) compared to those with low UAMA. Risk of neutropenia was also significantly less among those with wasting by MUAC compared to those well-nourished (p = 0.045). Twenty-three participants (17.3%) died with a greater proportion (11/44; 25%) occurring in those who were wasted using MUAC. These findings underscore the need for nutritional surveillance at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, particularly where co-morbid disease is prevalent.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Daniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez Background and aims COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be effective to prevent symptomatic infection and severe disease even in immunocompromised patients including liver transplant patients. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the mortality and development of severe and critical disease in our center. Methods A retrospective cohort study of LT patients in a reference center between March 2020 and February 2022. Demographic data, cirrhosis etiology, time on liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, and vaccination status were recorded at the time of diagnosis. Primary outcome was death due to COVID-19, and secondary outcomes included the development of severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) requirement. Results 153 of 324 LT recipients developed COVID-19, in whom the main causes of cirrhosis were HCV infection and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The vaccines used were BNT162b2 (48.6%), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (21.6%), mRNA-1273 vaccine (1.4%), Sputnik V (14.9%), Ad5-nCoV-S (4.1%) and CoronaVac (9.5%). Case fatality and ICU requirement risk were similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated LT patients (adjusted relative case fatality for vaccinated versus unvaccinated of 0.68, 95% CI 0.14–3.24, p = 0.62; adjusted relative risk [aRR] for ICU requirement of 0.45, 95% CI 0.11–1.88, p = 0.27). Nonetheless, vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe disease (aRR for severe disease of 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.71, p = 0.005). Conclusions Vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 in LT patients, regardless of the scheme used. Vaccination should be encouraged for all.
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