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Clinical Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Retrospective surveillance leveraging male rectal swab sample remnants from I Want The Kit from July 2021 through October 2023, identified one symptomatic and one asymptomatic mpox case at the peak of transmission in 2022. Although sporadic cases continue to be reported in Maryland, additional asymptomatic cases were not identified in this leveraged surveillance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQiucheng ShiHuangdu HuQian YuWeiyi HuangYinping WangJingjing QuanJunxin ZhouRui WengPing ZhangYan MengHaiyang LiuYan JiangYunsong YuXiaoxing Dua Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinaf Center of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Jian WangLi ZhuShaoqiu ZhangZhiyi ZhangTao FanFei CaoYe XiongYifan PanYuanyuan LiChao JiangShengxia YinXin TongYali XiongJuan XiaXiaomin YanYong LiuXingxiang LiuYuxin ChenJie LiChuanwu ZhuChao WuRui Huanga Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Jiangsu University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of Chinah Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Siti Nur Aisyah Zaid, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Norhayati Mohd Noor, Basaruddin Ahmad, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Anis Safura Ramli, Jasy Liew Suet Yan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Siti Nur Aisyah Zaid, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Norhayati Mohd Noor, Basaruddin Ahmad, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Anis Safura Ramli, Jasy Liew Suet Yan Introduction Healthcare workers play a crucial role in supporting COVID-19 vaccination as they are the most trusted source of information to the public population. Assessing the healthcare workers’ hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccination is pertinent, however, there are limited validated tools to measure their hesitancy on COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to adapt and validate the first COVID-19 hesitancy scale among healthcare workers in Malaysia. Materials and methods This study adapted and translated the Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) developed by the WHO SAGE Working Group. The scale underwent a sequential validation process, including back-back translation, content, face, and construct validity for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The reliability was tested using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE)). Results The data for EFA and CFA were completed by a separate sample of 125 and 300 HCWs, respectively. The EFA analysis of the C19-VHS-M scale was unidimensional with 10 items. A further CFA analysis revealed a uniform set of nine items with acceptable goodness fit indices (comparative fit index = 0.997, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.995, incremental fit index = 0.997, chi-squared/degree of freedom = 1.352, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.034). The Cronbach’s alpha, CR and AVE results were 0.953, 0.95 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusions The questionnaire was valid and reliable for use in the Malay language.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKarolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Karolina Pawlak, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Mariusz Hamulczuk, Marta Skrzypczyk The aim of the paper is to provide an ex-post assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity in the EU-27 countries expressed by physical and economic food access. We analysed trade and price effects, together with food insecurity and malnutrition indicators. Actual levels of the indicators were compared with their pre-pandemic magnitudes and/or with counterfactual levels derived from predictive models. We also aimed to compare the objective statistics with the subjective consumers’ perception of their households’ food security. Our research indicates that the EU food trade was more resilient to COVID-19 impacts than the trade in non-food products, while food trade decreases were of a temporary nature. This did not affect the trade balance significantly; however, the import reduction threatened the physical food access in most EU countries. Regarding economic food access, the results indicate that the increase in food prices was offset by the increase in disposable income. It may suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect the deterioration of economic access to food in the EU countries. However, the prevalence of severe food insecurity in the total population or the proportion of households reporting inability to afford a meal with meat, chicken, fish, or a vegetarian equivalent increased in 2020–2021 compared to 2019. This means that the comparative analysis of the real data on prices and households’ income, as well as consumer financial situation and food consumption affordability, does not offer a clear answer concerning the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food security of EU households.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAaron M. Eisen, Gregory N. Bratman, Hector A. Olvera-Alvarez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Aaron M. Eisen, Gregory N. Bratman, Hector A. Olvera-Alvarez Background Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates nature exposure could be associated with greater health benefits among groups in lower versus higher socioeconomic positions. One possible mechanism underpinning this evidence is described by our framework: (susceptibility) adults in low socioeconomic positions face higher exposure to persistent psychosocial stressors in early life, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype as a lifelong susceptibility to stress; (differential susceptibility) susceptible adults are more sensitive to the health risks of adverse (stress-promoting) environments, but also to the health benefits of protective (stress-buffering) environments. Objective Experimental investigation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype as a mechanism facilitating greater stress recovery from nature exposure. Methods We determined differences in stress recovery (via heart rate variability) caused by exposure to a nature or office virtual reality environment (10 min) after an acute stressor among 64 healthy college-age males with varying levels of susceptibility (socioeconomic status, early life stress, and a pro-inflammatory state [inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance to an in vitro bacterial challenge]). Results Findings for inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance were modest but consistently trended towards better recovery in the nature condition. Differences in recovery were not observed for socioeconomic status or early life stress. Discussion Among healthy college-age males, we observed expected trends according to their differential susceptibility when assessed as inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance, suggesting these biological correlates of susceptibility could be more proximal indicators than self-reported assessments of socioeconomic status and early life stress. If future research in more diverse populations aligns with these trends, this could support an alternative conceptualization of susceptibility as increased environmental sensitivity, reflecting heightened responses to adverse, but also protective environments. With this knowledge, future investigators could examine how individual differences in environmental sensitivity could provide an opportunity for those who are the most susceptible to experience the greatest health benefits from nature exposure.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMariko I. Ito, Yudai Honma, Takaaki Ohnishi, Tsutomu Watanabe, Kazuyuki Aihara
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Mariko I. Ito, Yudai Honma, Takaaki Ohnishi, Tsutomu Watanabe, Kazuyuki Aihara Transactions in financial markets are not evenly spaced but can be concentrated within a short period of time. In this study, we investigated the factors that determine the transaction frequency in financial markets. Specifically, we employed the Hawkes process model to identify exogenous and endogenous forces governing transactions of individual stocks in the Tokyo Stock Exchange during the COVID-19 pandemic. To enhance the accuracy of our analysis, we introduced a novel EM algorithm for the estimation of exogenous and endogenous factors that specifically addresses the interdependence of the values of these factors over time. We detected a substantial change in the transaction frequency in response to policy change announcements. Moreover, there is significant heterogeneity in the transaction frequency among individual stocks. We also found a tendency where stocks with high market capitalization tend to significantly respond to external news, while their excitation relationship between transactions is weak. This suggests the capability of quantifying the market state from the viewpoint of the exogenous and endogenous factors generating transactions for various stocks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background To gain a deeper understanding of protective immunity against relapsing malaria, this study examined sporozoite-specific T cell responses induced by a chemoprophylaxis with sporozoite (CPS) immunization in a relapsing Plasmodium cynomolgi rhesus macaque model. Methods The animals received three CPS immunizations with P. cynomolgi sporozoites, administered by mosquito bite, while under two anti-malarial drug regimens. Group 1 (n = 6) received artesunate/chloroquine (AS/CQ) followed by a radical cure with CQ plus primaquine (PQ). Group 2 (n = 6) received atovaquone-proguanil (AP) followed by PQ. After the final immunization, the animals were challenged with intravenous injection of 104 P. cynomolgi sporozoites, the dose that induced reliable infection and relapse rate. These animals, along with control animals (n = 6), were monitored for primary infection and subsequent relapses. Immunogenicity blood draws were done after each of the three CPS session, before and after the challenge, with liver, spleen and bone marrow sampling and analysis done after the challenge. Results Group 2 animals demonstrated superior protection, with two achieving protection and two experiencing partial protection, while only one animal in group 1 had partial protection. These animals displayed high sporozoite-specific IFN-γ T cell responses in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow after the challenge with one protected animal having the highest frequency of IFN-γ+ CD8+, IFN-γ+ CD4+, and IFN-γ+ γδ T cells in the liver. Partially protected animals also demonstrated a relatively high frequency of IFN-γ+ CD8+, IFN-γ+ CD4+, and IFN-γ+ γδ T cells in the liver. It is important to highlight that the second animal in group 2, which experienced protection, exhibited deficient sporozoite-specific T cell responses in the liver while displaying average to high T cell responses in the spleen and bone marrow. Conclusions This research supports the notion that local liver T cell immunity plays a crucial role in defending against liver-stage infection. Nevertheless, there is an instance where protection occurs independently of T cell responses in the liver, suggesting the involvement of the liver\'s innate immunity. The relapsing P. cynomolgi rhesus macaque model holds promise for informing the development of vaccines against relapsing P. vivax.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Malaria remains a significant global health burden affecting millions of people, children under 5 years and pregnant women being most vulnerable. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorsed the introduction of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine as Phase IV implementation evaluation in three countries: Malawi, Kenya and Ghana. Acceptability and factors influencing vaccination coverage in implementing areas is relatively unknown. In Malawi, only 60% of children were fully immunized with malaria vaccine in Nsanje district in 2021, which is below 80% WHO target. This study aimed at exploring factors influencing uptake of malaria vaccine and identify approaches to increase vaccination. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted in April–May, 2023, 410 mothers/caregivers with children aged 24–36 months were selected by stratified random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Vaccination data was collected from health passports, for those without health passports, data was collected using recall history. Regression analyses were used to test association between independent variables and full uptake of malaria vaccine. Results Uptake of malaria vaccine was 90.5% for dose 1, but reduced to 87.6%, 69.5% and 41.2% for dose 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Children of caregivers with secondary or upper education and those who attended antenatal clinic four times or more had increased odds of full uptake of malaria vaccine [OR: 2.43, 95%CI 1.08–6.51 and OR: 1.89, 95%CI 1.18–3.02], respectively. Children who ever suffered side-effects following immunization and those who travelled long distances to reach the vaccination centre had reduced odds of full uptake of malaria vaccine [OR: 0.35, 95%CI 0.06–0.25 and OR: 0.30, 95%CI 0.03–0.39] respectively. Only 17% (n = 65) of mothers/caregivers knew the correct schedule for vaccination and 38.5% (n = 158) knew the correct number of doses a child was to receive. Conclusion Only RTS,S dose 1 and 2 uptake met WHO coverage targets. Mothers/caregivers had low level of information regarding malaria vaccine, especially on numbers of doses to be received and dosing schedule. The primary modifiable factor influencing vaccine uptake was mother/caregiver knowledge about the vaccine. Thus, to increase the uptake Nsanje District Health Directorate should strengthen communities’ education about malaria vaccine. Programmes to strengthen mother/caregiver knowledge should be included in scale-up of the vaccine in Malawi and across sub-Saharan Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Malaria remains a burden globally, with the African region accounting for 94% of the overall disease burden and deaths in 2019. It is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Nigeria. Though different environmental factors have been assessed to influence the distribution and transmission of malaria vectors, there is a shortage of information on how they may influence malaria transmission among under-fives in Nigeria. Methods This study was based on the secondary data analysis of the Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey 2021. The study sample comprised 10,645 women (aged 15–49) who delivered a child in the 2 years preceding the survey. The study was restricted to under-fives. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the risk of malaria. Results There was a positive association between the risk of malaria and heard/seen malaria messages in the last 6 months (AOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.19–1.62), houses with walls built using rudimentary materials (AOR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.04–1.83), at least 6 children living in the house (AOR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00–1.49), children being 1 or 2 years old was associated with increased odds (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.50–2.34 and AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.52–2.36), children from households with only treated nets (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46) and those from the North West or South East regions (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10–2.05 and AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01–2.16), respectively. All other predictors were not associated with the risk of malaria. Conclusion The factors associated with the risk of malaria in this study included sleeping under treated mosquito nets, the age of the children, residing in the northwest and southeast regions, wall construction material, 6 children and above in the household and hearing/seen malaria messages in the last 6 months. Continuous health education and public health interventions, such as the provision of LLITNs, will reduce the risk of malaria and improve the health and well-being of children under 5 years of age.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Achieving effective control and elimination of malaria in endemic regions necessitates a comprehensive understanding of local mosquito species responsible for malaria transmission and their susceptibility to insecticides. Methods The study was conducted in the highly malaria prone Ujina Primary Health Center of Nuh (Mewat) district of Haryana state of India. Monthly entomological surveys were carried out for adult mosquito collections via indoor resting collections, light trap collections, and pyrethrum spray collections. Larvae were also collected from different breeding sites prevalent in the region. Insecticide resistance bioassay, vector incrimination, blood meal analysis was done with the collected vector mosquitoes. Results A total of 34,974 adult Anopheles mosquitoes were caught during the survey period, out of which Anopheles subpictus was predominant (54.7%). Among vectors, Anopheles stephensi was predominant (15.5%) followed by Anopheles culicifacies (10.1%). The Human Blood Index (HBI) in the case of An. culicifacies and An. stephensi was 6.66 and 9.09, respectively. Vector incrimination results revealed Plasmodium vivax positivity rate of 1.6% for An. culicifacies. Both the vector species were found resistant to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin. Conclusion The emergence of insecticide resistance in both vector species, compromises the effectiveness of commonly used public health insecticides. Consequently, the implementation of robust insecticide resistance management strategies becomes imperative. To effectively tackle the malaria transmission, a significant shift in vector control strategies is warranted, with careful consideration and adaptation to address specific challenges encountered in malaria elimination efforts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) play a significant role in expanding case management in peripheral healthcare systems. Histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2) antigen detection RDTs are predominantly used to diagnose Plasmodium falciparum infection. However, the evolution and spread of P. falciparum parasite strains with deleted hrp2/3 genes, causing false-negative results, have been reported. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of HRP2-detecting RDTs for P. falciparum cases and the prevalence of pfhrp2/3 deletions among symptomatic patients seeking malaria diagnosis at selected health facilities in southern Ethiopia. Methods A multi-health facilities-based cross-sectional study was conducted on self-presenting febrile patients seeking treatment in southern Ethiopia from July to September 2022. A purposive sampling strategy was used to enroll patients with microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infections. A capillary blood sample was obtained to prepare a blood film for microscopy and a RDT using the SD Bioline™ Malaria Pf/Pv Test. Dried blood spot samples were collected for further molecular analysis. DNA was extracted using gene aid kits and amplification was performed using nested PCR assay. Exon 2 of hrp2 and hrp3, which are the main protein-coding regions, was used to confirm its deletion. The diagnostic performance of RDT was evaluated using PCR as the gold standard test for P. falciparum infections. Results Of 279 P. falciparum PCR-confirmed samples, 249 (89.2%) had successful msp-2 amplification, which was then genotyped for hrp2/3 gene deletions. The study revealed that pfhrp2/3 deletions were common in all health centres, and it was estimated that 144 patients (57.8%) across all health facilities had pfhrp2/3 deletions, leading to false-negative PfHRP2 RDT results. Deletions spanning exon 2 of hrp2, exon 2 of hrp3, and double deletions (hrp2/3) accounted for 68 (27.3%), 76 (30.5%), and 33 (13.2%) of cases, respectively. The study findings revealed the prevalence of P. falciparum parasites lacking a single pfhrp2-/3-gene and that both genes varied across the study sites. This study also showed that the sensitivity of the SD Bioline PfHRP2-RDT test was 76.5% when PCR was used as the reference test. Conclusion This study confirmed the existence of widespread pfhrp2/3- gene deletions, and their magnitude exceeded the WHO-recommended threshold (> 5%). False-negative RDT results resulting from deletions in Pfhrp2/3- affect a country’s attempts at malaria control and elimination. Therefore, the adoption of non-HRP2-based RDTs as an alternative measure is required to avoid the consequences associated with the continued use of HRP-2-based RDTs, in the study area in particular and in Ethiopia in general.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJia Mun ChanElisa Ramos-SevillanoModupeh BettsHolly U. WilsonCaroline M. WeightAmbrine Houhou-OusalahGabriele PollaraJeremy S. BrownRobert S. Heyderman1Research Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom2UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Manmeet BhallaSydney HerringAlexsandra LenhardJoshua R. WheelerFred AswadKlaus KlumppJustin ReboYan WangKevin WilhelmsenKristen FortneyElsa N. Bou Ghanem1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA2Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA3BIOAGE Labs Inc., Richmond, California, USA, Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Kevin C. JenningsKaitlin E. JohnsonMichael A. HaywardChristopher J. KristichNita H. Salzman1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA3Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA4Center for Infectious Disease Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Infection, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulated host response to infection. The purpose of the study was to measure the associations of specific exposures (deprivation, ethnicity, and clinical characteristics) with incident sepsis and case fatality. Methods Two research databases in England were used including anonymized patient-level records from primary care linked to hospital admission, death certificate, and small-area deprivation. Sepsis cases aged 65–100 years were matched to up to six controls. Predictors for sepsis (including 60 clinical conditions) were evaluated using logistic and random forest models; case fatality rates were analyzed using logistic models. Results 108,317 community-acquired sepsis cases were analyzed. Severe frailty was strongly associated with the risk of developing sepsis (crude odds ratio [OR] 14.93; 95% confidence interval [CI] 14.37–15.52). The quintile with most deprived patients showed an increased sepsis risk (crude OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.45–1.51) compared to least deprived quintile. Strong predictors for sepsis included antibiotic exposure in prior 2 months, being house bound, having cancer, learning disability, and diabetes mellitus. Severely frail patients had a case fatality rate of 42.0% compared to 24.0% in non-frail patients (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.41–1.65). Sepsis cases with recent prior antibiotic exposure died less frequently compared to non-users (adjusted OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.72–0.76). Case fatality strongly decreased over calendar time. Conclusion Given the variety of predictors and their level of associations for developing sepsis, there is a need for prediction models for risk of developing sepsis that can help to target preventative antibiotic therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Observational evidence suggests the 4CMenB meningococcal vaccine may partially protect against gonorrhea, with one dose being two-thirds as protective as two. We examined the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) in England, with one- or two-dose primary vaccination.Methods Integrated transmission-dynamic health-economic modeling explored the effects of targeting strategy, first- and second-dose uptake levels, and duration of vaccine protection, using observational estimates of vaccine protection.Results Vaccination with one or two primary doses is always cost-saving, irrespective of uptake, although vaccine sentiment is an important determinant of impact and cost-effectiveness. The most impactful and cost-effective targeting is offering “Vaccination-according-to-Risk” (VaR), to all patients with gonorrhea plus those reporting high numbers of sexual partners. If VaR is not feasible to implement then the more-restrictive strategy of “Vaccination-on-Diagnosis” (VoD) with gonorrhea is cost-effective, but much less impactful. Under conservative assumptions, VaR(2-dose) saves £7.62M(95%CrI:1.15-17.52) and gains 81.41(28.67-164.23) QALYs over 10 years; VoD(2-dose) saves £3.40M(0.48-7.71) and gains 41.26(17.52-78.25) QALYs versus no vaccination. Optimistic versus pessimistic vaccine-sentiment assumptions increase net benefits by ∼30%(VoD) or ∼60%(VaR).Conclusions At UK costs, targeted 4CMenB vaccination of MSM gains QALYs and is cost-saving at any uptake level. Promoting uptake maximizes benefits and is an important role for behavioral science.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Pathogens such as Plasmodium, Babesia, and Theileria invade and multiply within host red blood cells, leading to the pathological consequences of malaria, babesiosis and theileriosis. Establishing continuous in vitro culture systems and suitable animal models is crucial for studying these pathogens. This review spotlights the B. duncani “in culture-in mouse (ICIM)” model as a promising resource for advancing research on the biology, pathogenicity, and virulence of intraerythrocytic parasites. The model offers practical benefits, encompassing well-defined culture conditions, ease of manipulation and a well-annotated genome. Moreover, B. duncani serves as a surrogate system for drug discovery, facilitating the evaluation of new antiparasitic drugs in vitro and in animals, elucidating their modes of action, and uncovering potential resistance mechanisms. The B. duncani ICIM model thus emerges as a multifaceted tool with profound implications, promising advancements in our understanding of parasitic biology and shaping the development of future therapies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Little is known about penile high-risk HPV among MSM in low-and-middle income countries. We aimed to determine the incidence, clearance and persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM.Methods We enrolled 350 MSM (345 with valid HPV results), aged ≥18 years, at each visit (6-12 months apart), we collected penile PreservCyt specimens and blood for HPV and HIV testing, socio-demographic and behavioral variables. HPV testing was performed using the Ampfire assay. Penile hrHPV incidence and clearance/1,000 person-months of follow-up (PMF), prevalent- and incident-persistence were computed and compared by HIV status.Results The mean age was 27.7 ± 6.7 years and 19.4% were living with HIV. Penile hrHPV incidence was 34.8 (95% CI: 29.1, 41.8)/1,000 PMF. HPV16 (11.7, CI 9.26, 14.9) and HPV59 (6.1, CI 4.52, 8.39) had the highest incidence rates. Prevalent- and incident-persistence were 47.5% and 46.6%, respectively. HPV66 (33.3%), HPV52 (30.8%) and HPV16 (29.2%) had the highest prevalent-persistence and HPV33 (53.8%), HPV31 (46.7%) and HPV16 (42.6%) the highest incident-persistence. No differences were found by HIV status except for HPV45 (higher in MSM with HIV).Conclusion We found high incidence and prevalent/incident-persistence of penile hrHPV among Rwandan MSM. This highlights the importance of preventive strategies for HPV-associated anogenital cancers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background We evaluated long-term trajectories of circulating hepatitis B virus (HBV)-RNA and hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) in persons with and without hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss during tenofovir therapy in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Methods We included 29 persons with HIV (PWH) with HBsAg loss and 29 matched PWH without loss. We compared HBV-RNA and HBcrAg decline and assessed the cumulative proportions with undetectable HBV-RNA and HBcrAg levels during tenofovir therapy using Kaplan-Meier estimates.Results HBsAg loss occurred after a median of 4 years (IQR 1 - 8). All participants with HBsAg loss achieved suppressed HBV-DNA and undetectable HBV-RNA preceding undetectable qHBsAg levels, whereas 79% achieved negative HBcrAg. In comparison, 79% of the participants without HBsAg loss achieved undetectable HBV-RNA and 48% negative HBcrAg. After two years on tenofovir, an HBV RNA decline ≥1 log10 copies/ml had 100% sensitivity and 36.4% specificity for HBsAg loss, whereas an HBcrAg decline ≥1 log10 U/ml had 91.0% sensitivity and 64.5% specificity.Conclusions HBV-RNA suppression preceded undetectable qHBsAg levels, and had high sensitivity but low specificity for HBsAg loss during tenofovir therapy in PWH. HBcrAg remained detectable in approximately 20% of persons with, and 50% of persons without HBsAg loss.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMark Griffiths, Dunia Hatabah, Patrick Sullivan, Grace Mantus, Travis Sanchez, Maria Zlotorzynska, Stacy Heilman, Andres Camacho-Gonzalez, Deborah Leake, Rawan Korman, Mimi Le, Mehul Suthara, Jens Wrammert, Miriam B. Vos, Claudia R. Morris
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Understanding the prevalence and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among frontline healthcare workers is important to inform health policy and strategy. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, children were thought to be at low risk for infection, suggesting minimal risk of work-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric healthcare workers (pHCWs). This is due to early hypotheses that children were not affected by and did not spread SARS-CoV-2 to the degree that was seen among adult patients and their caregivers [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMasahiko Hachiya, Emilia Vynnycky, Yoshio Mori, Hung Thai Do, Mai Kim Huynh, Long Hoang Trinh, Duy Duc Nguyen, Nhu Anh Thi Tran, Thanh Tien Hoang, Hai Hang Thi Hoang, Ngoc Dieu Thi Vo, Thieu Hoang Le, Yasunori Ichimura, Shinsuke Miyano, Sumiyo Okawa, Moe Moe Thandar, Yuta Yokobori, Yosuke Inoue, Tetsuya Mizoue, Makoto Takeda, Kenichi Komada
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Measles and rubella continue to be global public health priorities as vaccine-preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. Measles only vaccine was introduced in the 1960s, and, globally, there were an estimated 2 million measles deaths annually before vaccination coverage increased during the 1980s. In 2019, measles still caused more than 207,500 deaths globally due to repeated epidemics, and most were among children aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohamed Ali MarouiGrace Akinyi OdongoLucia MundoFrancesca ManaraFabrice MureFloriane FusilAntonin JayTarik GheitThanos M. MichailidisDomenico FerraraLorenzo LeonciniPaul MurrayEvelyne ManetThéophile OhlmannMarthe De BoevreSarah De SaegerFrançois-Loïc CossetStefano LazziRosita AccardiZdenko HercegHenri GruffatRita KhoueiryaCentre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, University Claude Bernard Lyon I, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon 69366 Cedex 07, FrancebEpigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon 69366 Cedex 07, FrancecLimerick Digital Cancer Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Bernal Institute and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, IrelanddDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Section of Pathology, University of Siena, Siena 53100, ItalyeCentre of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, Department of Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, BelgiumfDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Gauteng 2028, South Africa
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaime G. LopezYaïr HeinAmir ErezaDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bRacah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9190401, IsraelcDepartment of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305dInstitute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CC, Netherlands
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLinjuan WuLiming ZhangShengyong FengLu ChenCai LinGang WangYibin ZhuPenghua WangGong ChengaNew Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinabInstitute of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, ChinacInstitute of Pathogenic Organisms, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, ChinadDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030eSouthwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQiu ZhongBinyou LiaoJiazhen LiuWei ShenJing WangLeilei WeiYansong MaPu-Ting DongBatbileg BorJeffrey S. McLeanYunjie ChangWenyuan ShiLujia CenMiaomiao WuJun LiuYan LiXuesong HeShuai LeaDepartment of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, ChinabState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, ChinacDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401336, ChinadDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, ChinaeDepartment of Orthodontics, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, ChinafDepartment of Microbiology, The American Dental Association Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142gDepartment of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115hDepartment of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98119iDepartment of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195jDepartment of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, ChinakDepartment of Infectious Disease of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, ChinalDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhaoqian WangMatthew McCallumLianying YanCecily A. GibsonWilliam SharkeyYoung-Jun ParkHa V. DangMoushimi AmayaAshley PersonChristopher C. BroderDavid VeesleraDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814cHHMI, Seattle, WA 98195
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuihua XingLuana Janaína de CamposAramis Jose PereiraMaria Mercedes FioraFabio Aguiar-AlvesMario TagliazucchiMartin Conda-SheridanaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198bInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Micro y Nanotecnologías, San Martín, Buenos Aires B1650WAB, ArgentinacUniversidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1428, ArgentinadUniversidad de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Quimica de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energia, Pabellon 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires C1428eDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, FL 33401
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQicheng XuHe ZhangPhilippe VandenkoornhuyseShiwei GuoYakov KuzyakovQirong ShenNing LingaJiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinabCNRS, UMR 6553 EcoBio, Université de Rennes, Rennes Cedex 35042, FrancecState Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, ChinadDepartment of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, GermanyeDepartment of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJamil SerwanjaAlexander C. WielandAstrid HaubenhoferHans BrandstetterEsther SchönaueraDepartment of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg A-5020, AustriabCenter for Tumor Biology and Immunology (CTBI), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg A-5020, Austria
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohammad Julker Neyen SampadS. M. SaiduzzamanZach J. WalkerTanner N. WellsJesse X. WaymentEphraim M. OngStephanie D. MdakiManasi A. TamhankarThomas D. YuzvinskyJean L. PattersonAaron R. HawkinsHolger SchmidtaSchool of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064bElectrical and Computer Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602cTexas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAllyson E. SheaValerie S. ForsythJolie A. StockiTaylor J. MitchellArwen E. Frick-ChengSara N. SmithSicily L. HardyHarry L. T. MobleyaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavis T. WeaverEshan S. KingJeff MaltasJacob G. ScottaCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106bTranslational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106cDepartment of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 16, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Shoko Okitsu, Pattara Khamrin, Toshiyuki Hikita, Yuko Onda, Pham Thi Kim Ngan, Satoshi Hayakawa, Niwat Maneekarn, Hiroshi Ushijima
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Lidan Hou, Jie Zhao, Liuxin Cai, Ling Jin, Boqiang Liu, Shijie Li, Jin Yang, Tong Ji, Songyi Li, Liang Shi, Bo Shen, Hong Yu, Yifan Wang, Xiujun Cai
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Giulia Matusali, Alessandra Vergori, Eleonora Cimini, Davide Mariotti, Valentina Mazzotta, Alessandro Cozzi Lepri, Francesca Colavita, Roberta Gagliardini, Stefania Notari, Silvia Meschi, Marisa Fusto, Eleonora Tartaglia, Enrico Girardi, Fabrizio Maggi, Andrea Antinori, the HIV‐VAC Study Group
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Andrea Trevisan, João M. G. Candeias, Patrícia Thomann, Luisa L. Villa, Eduardo L. Franco, Helen Trottier
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
I‐Wen Chen, Hsiu‐Lan Weng, Yi‐Chen Lai, Kuo‐Chuan Hung
Journal of Medical Virology, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Marco Del Riccio, Saverio Caini, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Chiara Lorini, John Paget, Koos van der Velden, Adam Meijer, Mendel Haag, Ian McGovern, Patrizio Zanobini
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has undeniably reshaped life on a global scale. As infection rates and fatalities surged to historic proportions, initial strategies to combat the crisis revolved around non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as the use of facemasks, physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns, considering the absence of available vaccines or targeted therapeutics. Characterized by a spectrum of actions spanning individual precautions to broader societal measures, NPIs aimed to curtail the rapid dissemination of the virus [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSeib, K. L., Donovan, B., Thng, C., Lewis, D. A., McNulty, A., Fairley, C. K., Yeung, B., Jin, F., Fraser, D., Bavinton, B. R., Law, M., Chen, M. Y., Chow, E. P. F., Whiley, D. M., Mackie, B., Jennings, M. P., Jennison, A. V., Lahra, M. M., Grulich, A. E.
BMJ Open, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
IntroductionGonorrhoea, the sexually transmissible infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has a substantial impact on sexual and reproductive health globally with an estimated 82 million new infections each year worldwide. N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, and disease control is largely reliant on effective therapy as there is no proven effective gonococcal vaccine available. However, there is increasing evidence from observational cohort studies that the serogroup B meningococcal vaccine four-component meningitis B vaccine (4CMenB) (Bexsero), licensed to prevent invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis, may provide cross-protection against the closely related bacterium N. gonorrhoeae. This study will evaluate the efficacy of 4CMenB against N. gonorrhoeae infection in men (cis and trans), transwomen and non-binary people who have sex with men (hereafter referred to as GBM+). Methods and analysisThis is a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial in GBM+, either HIV-negative on pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV or living with HIV (CD4 count >350 cells/mm3), who have had a diagnosis of gonorrhoea or infectious syphilis in the last 18 months (a key characteristic associated with a high risk of N. gonorrhoeae infection). Participants are randomised 1:1 to receive two doses of 4CMenB or placebo 3 months apart. Participants have 3-monthly visits over 24 months, which include testing for N. gonorrhoeae and other sexually transmissible infections, collection of demographics, sexual behaviour risks and antibiotic use, and collection of research samples for analysis of N. gonorrhoeae-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. The primary outcome is the incidence of the first episode of N. gonorrhoeae infection, as determined by nucleic acid amplification tests, post month 4. Additional outcomes consider the incidence of symptomatic or asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae infection at different anatomical sites (ie, urogenital, anorectum or oropharynx), incidence by N. gonorrhoeae genotype and antimicrobial resistance phenotype, and level and functional activity of N. gonorrhoeae-specific antibodies. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the St Vincent’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia (ref: 2020/ETH01084). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and via presentation at national and international conferences. Trial registration number NCT04415424.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLund Haheim, A. L., Olsen, I., Thelle, D. S., Ronningen, K. S.
BMJ Open, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
ObjectivesTo make a descriptive comparison of antibodies to four major periodontal bacteria and their relation to the respiratory diseases asthma and bronchitis/emphysema, and to cancer incidence. MethodsThe serum of a random sample of men with no history of cancer incidence (n=621) was analysed by the ELISA method for antibody levels of four periodontal bacteria; the anaerobes of the so-called red complex Tannerella forsythia (TF), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Treponema denticola (TD), and the facultative anaerobe Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA). The antibody readings were divided into quartiles and the distribution of cases of the relevant diseases as compared with the non-cases. Comparisons of the quartile distributions were by the Pearson 2 test. Data and serum from the Oslo II study of Norwegian men from 2000 were used. The ELISA analyses were performed on thawed frozen serum. Cancer data from 17.5 years of follow-up were provided by the Norwegian Cancer Registry. ResultsIn all, 52 men had reported asthma and 23 men had bronchitis/emphysema at the health screening. Results on cancer incidence are given for all respiratory cancers, n=23, and bronchi and lung cancers separately, n=18. Stratified analyses were performed for the four endpoints showing significant association with low levels of TD antibodies for bronchitis; p=0.035. Both TF and TD were significant for low levels of antibodies among daily smokers; p=0.030 for TF and p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), there have been multiple waves of infection and multiple rounds of vaccination rollouts. Both prior infection and vaccination can prevent future infection and reduce severity of outcomes, combining to form hybrid immunity against COVID-19 at the individual and population level. Here, we explore how different combinations of hybrid immunity affect the size and severity of near-future Omicron waves. Methods To investigate the role of hybrid immunity, we use an agent-based model of COVID-19 transmission with waning immunity to simulate outbreaks in populations with varied past attack rates and past vaccine coverages, basing the demographics and past histories on the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Results We find that if the past infection immunity is high but vaccination levels are low, then the secondary outbreak with the same variant can occur within a few months after the first outbreak; meanwhile, high vaccination levels can suppress near-term outbreaks and delay the second wave. Additionally, hybrid immunity has limited impact on future COVID-19 waves with immune-escape variants. Conclusions Enhanced understanding of the interplay between infection and vaccine exposure can aid anticipation of future epidemic activity due to current and emergent variants, including the likely impact of responsive vaccine interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are among the most prevalent foodborne parasitic and bacterial infections worldwide. However, the concurrent impact of coinfection on gastric pathology has yet to be studied in depth. The effect of coinfection generally either adds a synergetic or antagonistic impact; we aimed in the current work to assess the impact of T. gondii coinfection on the progression of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology and reporting H. pylori virulent strains. The study was conducted on 82 patients complaining of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms with failed treatment response and prone to endoscopy. They were subjected to stool examination to detect H. pylori antigen, serological screening for latent toxoplasmosis, endoscopy, histopathological examination, and molecular detection of H. pylori virulence strains in gastric biopsies. Out of the 82 patients, 62 patients were positive for H. pylori antigen in stool and 55 patients confirmed positivity by histopathology; out of them, 37 patients had isolated Vac As1 variants, 11 patients had combined Vac As1 and Cag A variants, and 7 patients had combined Vac As1, Cag A and VacAs2 variants. Patients with the combined two or three variances showed significantly deteriorated histopathological features than patients with a single Vac As1 variant (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Opportunistic infections (OIs) are common causes of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We determined prevalence and 30-day mortality due to histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and TB in PLHIV with advanced HIV disease (AHD). Methods PLHIV 18 years and older, with a CD4 + T-cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 newly diagnosed with HIV infection or re-engaged in care after being without ART for more than 90 days (Group A). The second group included symptomatic PLHIV regardless of ART status or CD4 + T-cell count (Group B); all followed for 30 days. Detection of Histoplasma Ag (HisAg) in urine was done by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Cryptococcus antigen (CrAg) was detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens by lateral flow assay (LFA), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection in urine was by LFA (TB LAM) and in sputum by GeneXpert for diagnosis of Mycobacterium infections. Results From August 2021 to June 2022, 491 PLHIV were enrolled; 482 (98%) had a CD4 + T-cell result, and 381 patients (79%) were classified with AHD according to CD4 + T-cell count (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJohn E. Cronan1Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA2Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA, Corrella S. Detweiler
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
IHME Pathogen Core Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Our detailed breakdown of DALYs associated with a comprehensive list of pathogens on a global, regional, and country level has revealed the magnitude of the problem and helps to indicate where research funding mismatch might exist. Given the disproportionate impact of infection on low-income and middle-income countries, an essential next step is for countries and relevant stakeholders to address these gaps by making targeted investments.
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