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31 emner vises.
Griffin, L., Riley, R.
BMJ Open, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Objectives
To identify the psychological impact of working during the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and nursing students’ psychological well-being. To inform recommendations for the provision of future student well-being support.
Design
An interpretative qualitative, semistructured interview study employing maximum variation sampling, snowball sampling and a thematic analysis.
Setting
A large West Midlands (UK) university with medical and nursing undergraduate and postgraduate programmes. Study undertaken between January and May 2020.
Participants
A purposive sample of eight medical (six women and two men) and seven nursing (all women) students who worked >2 weeks in a healthcare setting during the COVID-19 pandemic (from 1 March 2020 onwards).
Results
Four core themes with corresponding subthemes were identified: (1) COVID-19 sources of distress—working conditions, exposure to suffering, death and dying, relationships and teams, individual inexperience and student identity, (2) negative impact on mental health and well-being—psychological and emotional distress, delayed distress, exhaustion, mental ill health, (3) protective factors from distress—access to support, environment, preparation and induction, recognition and reward, time for breaks and rest and (4) positive experiences and meaningful outcomes.
Conclusions
Student pandemic deployment has had a significant negative impact on students’ psychological well-being, as a result of demanding working conditions, unprecedented exposure to death and suffering and lack of preparation for new job roles. Universities and healthcare organisations must formally acknowledge this impact and provide well-being support for distressed students working in such challenging contexts. They must also establish more supportive and inclusive healthcare environments for medical and nursing students in future pandemic and postpandemic circumstances, through the implementation of support systems and adequate preparation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Infection, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Purpose
In infections of the Central Nervous System (iCNS), rapid identification of causing pathogens is crucial for survival and to avoid long-term sequelae. Targeted therapy may reduce side effects and development of antibiotic resistance. New molecular-based syndromic tests such as the “meningitis/encephalitis panel” (MEP) allow accelerated pathogen identification from cerebrospinal fluid. We conducted a clinical study to evaluate the MEP’s efficacy in paediatric patients.
Methods
Cohort study in a unique clinical setting by comparing the outcome data of two neighbouring Children’s Hospitals in Germany which are comparable in size, catchment area and equipment but differ regarding availability of the MEP: study centre 1 (SC1): yes; SC2: no. The study population included 213 paediatric patients with a suspected iCNS (SC1: 106; SC2: 107), with comparable age, CRP at admission and frequency of intensive care. The primary outcome was total use of antibiotics.
Results
Total antibiotic use per patient was numerically lower in SC1 than in SC2 (SC1: median 2.83 days; SC2 3.67 days; p = 0.671). Multiple linear regression analysis did not show a relevant association between MEP-availability and total antibiotic use (ß = 0.1, 95% confidence interval [−1.46; +1.67], p = 0.897). In the subcohort with suspected meningoencephalitis (SC1: 18, SC2: 17), duration of acyclovir treatment was shorter in SC1 than in SC2 (median 1.3 days vs. 2.7 days, descriptive p = 0.0397).
Conclusions
The add-on use of the MEP in paediatric patients with suspected iCNS was associated with a non-significant reduction in total antibiotic use, and with a reduced exposure to acyclovir in treated patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Beate Schmoele-Thoma, Agnieszka M. Zareba, Qin Jiang, Mohan S. Maddur, Rana Danaf, Alex Mann, Kingsley Eze, Juin Fok-Seang, Golam Kabir, Andrew Catchpole, Daniel A. Scott, Alejandra C. Gurtman, Kathrin U. Jansen, William C. Gruber, Philip R. Dormitzer, Kena A. Swanson
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 386, Issue 25, Page 2377-2386, June 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Stephen Morrissey
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 386, Issue 25, Page 2438-2440, June 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalini DeSilva, Jacob Haapala, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez, Kimberly K. Vesco, Matthew F. Daley, Darios Getahun, Ousseny Zerbo, Allison Naleway, Jennifer C. Nelson, Joshua T.B. Williams, Simon J. Hambidge, Thomas G. Boyce, Candace C. Fuller, Heather S. Lipkind, Eric Weintraub, Michael M. McNeil, Elyse O. Kharbanda
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Nicole P. Hachmann, Jessica Miller, Ai-ris Y. Collier, John D. Ventura, Jingyou Yu, Marjorie Rowe, Esther A. Bondzie, Olivia Powers, Nehalee Surve, Kevin Hall, Dan H. Barouch
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Sonja A. Rasmussen, Denise J. Jamieson
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Natasha B. Halasa, Samantha M. Olson, Mary A. Staat, Margaret M. Newhams, Ashley M. Price, Pia S. Pannaraj, Julie A. Boom, Leila C. Sahni, Kathleen Chiotos, Melissa A. Cameron, Katherine E. Bline, Charlotte V. Hobbs, Aline B. Maddux, Bria M. Coates, Kelly N. Michelson, Sabrina M. Heidemann, Katherine Irby, Ryan A. Nofziger, Elizabeth H. Mack, Laura Smallcomb, Stephanie P. Schwartz, Tracie C. Walker, Shira J. Gertz, Jennifer E. Schuster, Satoshi Kamidani, Keiko M. Tarquinio, Samina S. Bhumbra, Mia Maamari, Janet R. Hume, Hillary Crandall, Emily R. Levy, Matt S. Zinter, Tamara T. Bradford, Heidi R. Flori, Melissa L. Cullimore, Michele Kong, Natalie Z. Cvijanovich, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Kara N. Polen, Angela P. Campbell, Adrienne G. Randolph, Manish M. Patel
New England Journal of Medicine, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Gen Miao, Haoran Peng, Hailin Tang, Yangang Liu, Xu Zheng, Bin Liu, Liangliang Jiang, Wanda Tang, Yanhua He, Yan Liu, Hao Ren, Ping Zhao, Zhongtian Qi, Cuiling Ding
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Jule Rüter, Srinivas Reddy Pallerla, Christian G. Meyer, Nicolas Casadei, Michael Sonnabend, Silke Peter, Dennis Nurjadi, Le Thi Kieu Linh, Rolf Fendel, Siri Göpel, Olaf Riess, Peter G Kremsner, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Maria Skaalum Petersen, Marnar Fríðheim Kristiansen, Katrin Dahl Hanusson, Billa Mouritsardóttir Foldbo, Marjun Eivindardóttir Danielsen, Bjarni á Steig, Shahin Gaini, Marin Strøm, Pál Weihe
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Melissa M Higdon, Anurima Baidya, Karoline K Walter, Minal K Patel, Hanane Issa, Emmanuelle Espié, Daniel R Feikin, Maria Deloria Knoll
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 23.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
We recently conducted a systematic review and meta-regression of the duration of effectiveness of primary series COVID-19 vaccination against clinical outcomes before the predominance of the omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant.1 Here we assess the duration of vaccine protection, after a primary vaccine series and after the first booster dose, against omicron, the current predominant variant, using the same methods.1
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGanggang Zhao, Yun Ling, Yajuan Su, Zanyu Chen, Cherian J. Mathai, Ogheneobarome Emeje, Alexander Brown, Dinesh Reddy Alla, Jie Huang, Chansong Kim, Qian Chen, Xiaoqing He, David Stalla, Yadong Xu, Zehua Chen, Pai-Yen Chen, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, Jingwei Xie, Zheng Yan
Science Advances, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/25'>Volume 8, Issue 25</a>, June 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
A recent publication in BMC Infectious Diseases concerning the use of convalescent plasma for the treatment of COVID-19 had a number of major issues. This correspondence details specific instances of unclear reporting as well as major omissions when discussing the context of the trial. These render the study's findings and conclusions misleading.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Cervicofacial space infections are potentially life-threatening, which require accurate diagnosis, early incision, and adequate drainage. The utilization of computed tomography (CT) in cervicofacial space infections has significantly increased for its advantages in the evaluation of abscesses, its availability, and low cost. However, the clinical value of preoperative CT imaging in cervicofacial space infections remains controversial for its poor specificity, radiation exposure, potential complications, and extra cost. We, therefore, investigated whether CT examination should be used as a routine examination in the treatment of patients with cervicofacial space infections.
Methods
A retrospective study of all patients affected by cervicofacial space infections that received incision and drainage surgery from Jan 2016 to Dec 2020 was performed at West China Hospital of Stomatology at Sichuan University. Patients were divided into two groups: the group with preoperative CT and without preoperative CT. Outcomes, including reoperation rate, missed diagnosis rate, days of symptom relief, length of stay, duration of surgery, and total cost of hospitalization, were analyzed.
Results
Out of n = 153 patients, 108 patients underwent surgery with preoperative CT and 45 patients without preoperative CT. The reoperation rate in the preoperative CT group (6/108, 5.6%) was significantly lower (P = 0.00) than that in the group without preoperative CT (10/45, 22.2%). Significant reduction of missed diagnosis rate (P = 0.00), days of symptom relief (P = 0.01), length of stay(P = 0.03), and duration of surgery (P = 0.01) were detected in the preoperative CT group. The results demonstrated that the utilization of preoperative CT can reduce the missed diagnosis rate and repeated surgery complications.
Conclusions
We recommend preoperative CT as a routine examination in cervicofacial space infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Although the World Health Organization reports that the incidence of tuberculosis in China is decreasing every year, the burden of tuberculosis in China is still very heavy. Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of tuberculosis in China and its influencing environmental factors will provide effective reference for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
Methods
Data of TB incidence from 2010 to 2017 were collected. Time series and global spatial autocorrelation were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of tuberculosis incidence in China, Geodetector and Geographically Weighted Regression model were used to analyze the environmental factors affecting the TB incidence.
Results
In addition to 2007 and 2008, the TB incidence decreased in general. TB has a strong spatial aggregation. Cities in Northwest China have been showing a trend of high-value aggregation. In recent years, the center of gravity of high-value aggregation area in South China has moved further south. Temperature, humidity, precipitation, PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2 and SO2 have impacts on TB incidence, and in different regions, the environmental factors show regional differences.
Conclusions
Residents should pay more attention to the risk of developing TB caused by climate change and air pollutant exposure. Increased efforts should be placed on areas with high-value clustering in future public resource configurations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 23.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Congenital human cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection can cause sensorineural hearing loss and neurodevelopmental disabilities in children. Ganciclovir and valganciclovir (GCV/VGCV) improve long-term audiologic and neurodevelopmental outcomes for patients with cCMV infection; however, antiviral drug resistance has been documented in some cases. Long-read sequencing can be used for the detection of drug resistance mutations. The objective of this study was to develop full-length analysis of UL97 and UL54, target genes with mutations that confer GCV/VGCV resistance using long-read sequencing, and investigate drug resistance mutation in patients with cCMV infection.
Methods
Drug resistance mutation analysis was retrospectively performed in 11 patients with cCMV infection treated with GCV/VGCV. UL97 and UL54 genes were amplified using blood DNA. The amplicons were sequenced using a long-read sequencer and aligned with the reference gene. Single nucleotide variants were detected and replaced with the reference sequence. The replaced sequence was submitted to a mutation resistance analyzer, which is an open platform for drug resistance mutations.
Results
Two drug resistance mutations (UL54 V823A and UL97 A594V) were found in one patient. Both mutations emerged after 6 months of therapy, where viral load increased. Mutation rates subsided after cessation of GCV/VGCV treatment.
Conclusions
Antiviral drug resistance can emerge in patients with cCMV receiving long-term therapy. Full-length analysis of UL97 and UL54 via long-read sequencing enabled the rapid and comprehensive detection of drug resistance mutations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Soyoung Ha, Kyungmin Huh, Doo Ryeon Chung, Jae-Hoon Ko, Sun Young Cho, Hee Jae Huh, Nam Yong Lee, Cheol-In Kang, Kyong Ran Peck, Jae-Hoon Song, Korean Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (KARS-Net) investigators
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
Vancomycin and teicoplanin are glycopeptides with activity against Enterococcus faecium. However, studies on the clinical efficacy of teicoplanin are limited. The present study was aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of teicoplanin and vancomycin in E. faecium bacteremia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDana L. Atkins, Lauren Violette, Lisa Neimann, Mary Tanner, Karen Hoover, Deepa Rao, Joanne D. Stekler
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Dana L. Atkins, Lauren Violette, Lisa Neimann, Mary Tanner, Karen Hoover, Deepa Rao, Joanne D. Stekler
Aims To evaluate provider perspectives on the use of a point-of-care nucleic acid test (POC NAT) and preferential opinions for motivational interviewing (MI) or problem-solving counseling (PSC) as an ultra-brief intervention for patients experiencing challenges to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Methods A qualitative study was conducted among providers at an HIV care clinic in Seattle, Washington. Ten in-depth interviews with HIV care providers were completed, which explored determinants of acceptability, feasibility and preferences for a combined adherence counseling and POC NAT intervention for patients living with HIV. Interviews were analyzed through consensus coding and the Five A’s Framework to inform thematic analysis. Results Providers favored the use of a combined adherence counseling technique and POC NAT for their non-adherent patients living with HIV. Providers believed the intervention was an improvement on current assessment and advising practices. However, concerns about extended wait times for the POC NAT results influenced perceptions about feasibility around clinic flow and incorporation into clinic practice. Providers believed that acceptability of POC NAT implementation would be enhanced by including a subset of patient populations whom tend to be in the clinic for longer periods, and in tandem face greater ART adherence challenges. Conclusion The GAIN Study will be the first project to evaluate the implementation of POC NAT in the U.S. Continued formative work is ongoing and may illustrate how best to address feasibility and concern around the two-hour time to result. The planned GAIN study will incorporate some of the findings found in this qualitative study and pilot this intervention, including a time-in-motion analyses of clinic flow, which may help reduce perceived wide-scale adaptation of POC NAT and ART adherence counselling among PLHW. Future work, including a shorter time to results and/or lower limit detection could make a significant improvement in the provision of HIV care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuan D. Medina, Alejandro Arias, Juan M. Triana, Luis F. Giraldo, Fredy Segura-Quijano, Andres Gonzalez-Mancera, Andres F. Zambrano, Julián Quimbayo, Eduardo Castillo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Juan D. Medina, Alejandro Arias, Juan M. Triana, Luis F. Giraldo, Fredy Segura-Quijano, Andres Gonzalez-Mancera, Andres F. Zambrano, Julián Quimbayo, Eduardo Castillo
In this paper we present the design of an open-source and low-cost buoy prototype for remote monitoring of water quality variables in fish farming. The designed battery-powered system periodically measures temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen, transmitting the information locally through a low-power wide-area network protocol to a gateway connected to a cloud service for data storage and visualization. We provide a novel buoy design that can be easily constructed with off-the-shelf materials, delivering a stable anchored float for the IoT device and the probes immersed in the water pond. The prototype was tested at an operating fish farm, showing promising results for a low-cost remote monitoring tool that enables automatic data acquisition and storage in fish farming scenarios. All the elements of this design, including hardware and software designs, are freely available under permissive licenses as an open-source project.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAthanasia Kouroupa, Keith R. Laws, Karen Irvine, Silvana E. Mengoni, Alister Baird, Shivani Sharma
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Athanasia Kouroupa, Keith R. Laws, Karen Irvine, Silvana E. Mengoni, Alister Baird, Shivani Sharma
Background Robot-mediated interventions show promise in supporting the development of children on the autism spectrum. Objectives In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarize key features of available evidence on robot-interventions for children and young people on the autism spectrum aged up to 18 years old, as well as consider their efficacy for specific domains of learning. Data sources PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore. Grey literature was also searched using PsycExtra, OpenGrey, British Library EThOS, and the British Library Catalogue. Databases were searched from inception until April (6th) 2021. Synthesis methods Searches undertaken across seven databases yielded 2145 articles. Forty studies met our review inclusion criteria of which 17 were randomized control trials. The methodological quality of studies was conducted with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. A narrative synthesis summarised the findings. A meta-analysis was conducted with 12 RCTs. Results Most interventions used humanoid (67%) robotic platforms, were predominantly based in clinics (37%) followed home, schools and laboratory (17% respectively) environments and targeted at improving social and communication skills (77%). Focusing on the most common outcomes, a random effects meta-analysis of RCTs showed that robot-mediated interventions significantly improved social functioning (g = 0.35 [95%CI 0.09 to 0.61; k = 7). By contrast, robots did not improve emotional (g = 0.63 [95%CI -1.43 to 2.69]; k = 2) or motor outcomes (g = -0.10 [95%CI -1.08 to 0.89]; k = 3), but the numbers of trials were very small. Meta-regression revealed that age accounted for almost one-third of the variance in effect sizes, with greater benefits being found in younger children. Conclusions Overall, our findings support the use of robot-mediated interventions for autistic children and youth, and we propose several recommendations for future research to aid learning and enhance implementation in everyday settings. PROSPERO registration Our methods were preregistered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019148981).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlan Mario Zuffo, Rafael Felippe Ratke, Mohammad K. Okla, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Jorge González Aguilera, Amanda Camila Silva Trento, Natielly Pereira da Silva, Edicarlos Damacena de Souza, Bruna Karolayne Andrade Nogueira, Jéssica Heloiza Coutinho, Fábio Steiner, Francisco de Alcântara Neto, Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Júnior, Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva, Renato Lustosa Sobrinho, Hamada AbdElgawad
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Alan Mario Zuffo, Rafael Felippe Ratke, Mohammad K. Okla, Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi, Jorge González Aguilera, Amanda Camila Silva Trento, Natielly Pereira da Silva, Edicarlos Damacena de Souza, Bruna Karolayne Andrade Nogueira, Jéssica Heloiza Coutinho, Fábio Steiner, Francisco de Alcântara Neto, Gabriel Barbosa da Silva Júnior, Francisco Charles dos Santos Silva, Renato Lustosa Sobrinho, Hamada AbdElgawad
Excessive rainfall in the soybean preharvest period can make mechanized crop harvesting technically and economically unfeasible, causing 100% losses in soybean grain yield. An alternative to reduce the economic losses of farmers would be using unharvested soybean crop residues as a source of nitrogen (N) for the subsequent corn crop. However, a question that still needs to be understood is whether the amount of N released from unharvested soybean residues (straw and grains) is sufficient to meet all the nutritional demand for this nutrient in the off-season corn. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of unharvested soybean crop residue persistence on the yield response of off-season corn crop (Zea mays L.) to the application of N fertilizer rates when grown in tropical Cerrado soils of medium and high fertility. Four simple corn hybrids (SYN7G17 TL, 30F53VYHR, B2433PWU, and AG 8700 PRO3) were grown in soils of medium fertility and medium acidity level (UFMS 1) and high fertility and low acidity level (UFMS 2) and fertilized with five of N fertilizer rates (0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha–1 of N) applied at 30 days after emergence (DAE). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to investigate the interrelationships between the groups of independent (agricultural production areas, corn cultivars, and N application rates) and dependent (corn agronomic traits) variables. Crop residues remaining on the soil surface from soybeans not harvested and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. can supply most of the nitrogen requirement of off-season corn grown in succession, especially in tropical soils of medium fertility. However, in high-fertility tropical soils, the maximum grain yield potential of off-season corn cultivars can be obtained with the application of mineral N fertilizer in supplement the amount of nitrogen released from unharvested soybean residues. Therefore, the N requirement depends on the corn cultivar and the agricultural production area. However, our results show that when off-season corn is grown on unharvested soybean residues, nitrogen fertilization in topdressing can be dispensed. The agricultural area with high fertility soil (UFMS 2) enhances the grain yield of the off-season corn crop. The corn cultivar AG 8700 PRO3 has a higher thousand-grain mass and high grain yield potential under Brazilian Cerrado conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCeleste Suart, Kaitlyn Neuman, Ray Truant
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Celeste Suart, Kaitlyn Neuman, Ray Truant
The phenomenon of “publish-or-perish” in academia, spurred on by limited funding and academic positions, has led to increased competition and pressure on academics to publish. Publication pressure has been linked with multiple negative outcomes, including increased academic misconduct and researcher burnout. COVID-19 has disrupted research worldwide, leading to lost research time and increased anxiety amongst researchers. The objective of this study was to examine how COVID-19 has impacted perceived publication pressure amongst academic researchers in Canada. We used the revised Publication Pressure Questionnaire, in addition to Likert-type questions to discern respondents’ beliefs and concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on academic publishing. We found that publication pressure increased across academic researchers in Canada following the pandemic, with respondents reporting increased stress, increased pessimism, and decreased access to support related to publishing. Doctoral students reported the highest levels of stress and pessimism, while principal investigators had the most access to publication support. There were no significant differences in publication pressure reported between different research disciplines. Women and non-binary or genderfluid respondents reported higher stress and pessimism than men. We also identified differences in perceived publication pressure based on respondents’ publication frequency and other demographic factors, including disability and citizenship status. Overall, we document a snapshot of perceived publication pressure in Canada across researchers of different academic career stages and disciplines. This information can be used to guide the creation of researcher supports, as well as identify groups of researchers who may benefit from targeted resources.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSameera Butt, Asif Mahmood, Saima Saleem
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Sameera Butt, Asif Mahmood, Saima Saleem
With the rise of the Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a severe negative impact on all aspects of life, whether it be a job, business, health, education, etc. As a result, institutions, schools, colleges and universities are being shut down globally to control the spread of Covid-19. Due to this reason, the mode of education has a dramatic shift from on-campus to online learning with virtual teaching using digital technologies. This sudden shift has elevated the stress level among the students because they were not mentally prepared for it, and hence their academic performance has been adversely affected. So, there needs to figure out the underlying process to make online learning more productive. Thus, to obtain this objective, the present study has integrated the modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Task Technology Fit Model (TTF), DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success (DMISM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. A sample of 404 students was obtained, where 202 students were from the top ten public sector universities, and 202 were from the top ten private sector universities of Punjab. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to analyze the hypothesized framework using AMOS. The results reveal that institutional factors positively impact students’ performance mediated by user satisfaction and task technology fit. Similarly, institutional factors affect performance through mediation by user satisfaction and actual usage in sequence. Cognitive absorption was used as a moderator between institutional factors and user satisfaction. In the end, theoretical and practical inferences have also been discussed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLikun Cao, Jie Ren
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Likun Cao, Jie Ren
Covid-19 has impacted the U.S. economy and business organizations in multiple ways, yet its influence on company fundamentals and risk structures have not been fully elucidated. In this paper, we apply LDA, a mainstream topic model, to analyze the risk factor section from SEC filings (10-K and 10-Q), and describe risk structure change over the past two years. The results show that Covid-19 has transformed the risk structures U.S. companies face in the short run, exerting excessive stress on international interactions, operations, and supply chains. However, this shock has been waning since the second quarter of 2020. Our model shows that risk structure change (measured by topic distribution) from Covid-19 is a significant predictor of lower performance, but smaller companies tend to be stricken harder.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErla S. Sigurðardóttir, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benediktsdottir, Steinar Hustad, Payam Dadvand, Pascal Demoly, Karl A. Franklin, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Diana A. van der Plaat, Rain Jõgi, Benedicte Leynaert, Eva Lindberg, Jesus Martinez-Moratalla, Leire Sainz De Aja, Giancarlo Pesce, Isabelle Pin, Chantal Raherison, Antonio Pereira-Vega, Francisco Gómez Real, Kai Triebner
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
by Erla S. Sigurðardóttir, Thorarinn Gislason, Bryndis Benediktsdottir, Steinar Hustad, Payam Dadvand, Pascal Demoly, Karl A. Franklin, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Diana A. van der Plaat, Rain Jõgi, Benedicte Leynaert, Eva Lindberg, Jesus Martinez-Moratalla, Leire Sainz De Aja, Giancarlo Pesce, Isabelle Pin, Chantal Raherison, Antonio Pereira-Vega, Francisco Gómez Real, Kai Triebner
Background The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea is higher in women after menopause. This is suggested to be a result of an altered sex hormone balance but has so far not been confirmed in a population-based study. Objective To investigate whether serum concentration of estrogens and progesterone are associated with the prevalence of sleep apnea symptoms in middle-aged women of the general population. Methods We analyzed data from 774 women (40–67 years) from 15 study centers in seven countries participating in the second follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (2010–2012). Multiple logistic regression models were fitted with self-reported symptoms of sleep apnea as outcomes and serum concentrations of various estrogens and progesterone as predictors. All analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates including age, BMI, education, study center, smoking habits, and reproductive age. Results Among all included women, a doubling of serum concentrations of estrone and progesterone was associated with 19% respectively 9% decreased odds of snoring. Among snorers, a doubling of the concentrations of 17β-estradiol, estrone and estrone 3-sulfate was associated with 18%, 23% and 17% decreased odds of breathing irregularly, and a doubling of the progesterone concentration was further associated with 12% decreased odds of waking up suddenly with a chocking sensation. Other evaluated associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions Middle-aged women with low serum estrogen and progesterone levels are more likely to snore and report symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHerbec, A., Schneider, V., Fisher, A., Kale, D., Shahab, L., Lally, P.
BMJ Open, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
Objectives
Understanding changes in moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates (socio-demographics, health characteristics, living and exercise conditions and pre-pandemic MVPA/MSA) can inform interventions.
Design
A cross-sectional analysis of retrospective and concurrent data on MVPA/MSA.
Setting
An online survey in the UK.
Participants
2657 adults (weighted n=2442, 53.6% women) participating in the baseline survey (29 April 2020–14 June 2020) of the HEalth BEhaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic (HEBECO) study.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Meeting WHO-recommended levels for MVPA/MSA/both (vs meeting neither) during the first lockdown and changes in MVPA/MSA from before to since the COVID-19 pandemic following stratification for pre-pandemic MVPA/MSA.
Results
A third of adults maintained (30.4%), decreased (36.2%) or increased (33.4%) MVPA. For MSA, the percentages were 61.6%, 18.2% and 20.2%, respectively. MVPA increased or decreased by an average of 150 min/week and 219 min/week, respectively, and MSA by 2 days/week. Meeting both MSA+MVPA recommendations since COVID-19 (vs meeting neither) was positively associated with meeting MVPA+MSA before COVID-19 (adjusted OR (aOR)=16.11, 95% CI 11.24 to 23.07) and education: post-16 years of age (aOR=1.57, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.17), and negatively associated with having obesity (aOR=0.49, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.73), older age (65+ years vs ≤34 years; aOR=0.53, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.87) and annual household income of <50 000 GBP (aOR=0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.91). The odds for decreasing MVPA were lower for white ethnicity (aOR=0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.86), education: post-16 years of age (aOR=0.73, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.91) and access to garden/balcony (aOR=0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.94), and were higher for those living in total isolation (aOR=3.81, 95% CI 2.33 to 6.23), with deteriorated psychological well-being (aOR=1.40, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.71) and conditions limiting physical activity (aOR=1.74, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.39). The odds for decreasing MSA were higher for having overweight (aOR=1.88, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.55), obesity (aOR=23.38, 95% CI 2.23 to 5.14) and being employed (aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.46).
Conclusion
Aerobic and strength training were differently impacted during the first UK lockdown, with poorer outcomes associated with older age, lower education and higher body mass index. Targeted interventions may be required to avoid pandemic-related inequities in physical activity.
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Quigley, A. L., Trent, M., Seale, H., Chughtai, A. A., MacIntyre, C. R.
BMJ Open, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
Objectives
Since mask uptake and the timing of mask use has the potential to influence the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to assess the changes in knowledge toward mask use in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.
Design
An observational study, using a cross-sectional survey, was distributed to adults in Sydney and Melbourne, Australia, during July–August 2020 (survey 1) and September 2020 (survey 2), during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.
Setting and participants
Participants aged 18 years or older and living in either Sydney or Melbourne.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Demographics, risk measures, COVID-19 severity and perception, mask attitude and uptake were determined in this study.
Results
A total of 700 participants completed the survey. In both Sydney and Melbourne, a consistent decrease was reported in almost all risk-mitigation behaviours between March 2020 and July 2020 and again between March 2020 and September 2020. However, mask use and personal protective equipment use increased in both Sydney and Melbourne from March 2020 to September 2020. There was no significant difference in mask use during the pandemic between the two cities across both timepoints (1.24 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.22; p=0.072)). Perceived severity and perceived susceptibility of COVID-19 infection were significantly associated with mask uptake. Trust in information on COVID-19 from both national (1.77 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.44); p<0.000)) and state (1.62 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.22); p=0.003)) government was a predictor of mask use across both surveys.
Conclusion
Sydney and Melbourne both had high levels of reported mask wearing during July 2020 and September 2020, consistent with the second wave and mask mandates in Victoria, and cluster outbreaks in Sydney at the time. High rates of mask compliance may be explained by high trust levels in information from national and state government, mask mandates, risk perceptions, current outbreaks and the perceived level of risk of COVID-19 infection at the time.
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Werger, A. C., Breel, J., van Kuijk, S., Bulte, C. S. E., Koopman, S., Scheffer, G. J., Noordzij, P. G., in 't Veld, B. A., Wensing, C. G. C. L., Hollmann, M. W., Buhre, W., de Korte-de Boer, D.
BMJ Open, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
Introduction
During the COVID-19 pandemic many non-acute elective surgeries were cancelled or postponed around the world. This has created an opportunity to study the effect of delayed surgery on health conditions prior to surgery and postsurgical outcomes in patients with postponed elective surgery. The control group of the Routine Postsurgical Anesthesia Visit to Improve Patient Outcome (TRACE I) study, conducted between 2016 and 2019, will serve as a control cohort.
Methods and analysis
TRACE II is an observational, multicentre, prospective cohort study among surgical patients with postponed surgery due to COVID-19 in academic and non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. We aim to include 2500 adult patients. The primary outcome will be the 30-day incidence of major postoperative complications. Secondary outcome measures include the 30-day incidence of minor postoperative complications, 1 year mortality, length of stay (in hospital, medium care and intensive care), quality of recovery 30 days after surgery and postoperative quality of life up to 1 year following surgery. Multivariable logistic mixed-effects regression analysis with a random intercept for hospital will be used to test group differences on the primary outcome.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Maastricht University Medical Centre+ and Amsterdam UMC. Findings will be presented at national and international conferences, as well as published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, with a preference for open access journals. Data will be made publicly available after publication of the main results.
Trial registration number
NL8841.
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Wijeysundera, D. N., Alibhai, S. M. H., Ladha, K. S., Puts, M. T. E., Chesney, T. R., Daza, J. F., Ehtesham, S., Hladkowicz, E., Lebovic, G., Mazer, C. D., van Vlymen, J. M., Wei, A. C., McIsaac, D. I., on behalf of the FIT After Surgery Investigators, Wijeysundera, Ladha, Daza, Pazmino-Canizares, Mattina, Hladkowicz, Tessier, Ehtesham, Nnorom, Alibhai, Jüni, Mazer, Puts, Lebovic, Chesney, Wei, Drozdz, Hanley, Sussman, Louridas, Wong, Breau, Lalu, Abdellatif, Gagne, Duceppe, Davis, Zarnke, Bosch, Avremescu, Serrano, Van Vlymen, Dumerton, Karizhenskaia, El Beheiry, Siddiqui, Kennedy, MacDonald, Spence, Bonazza, Zahavich, Jacobsohn, Thorleifson, Russell, Bagry, MacDonell, Lyon, Barnes, Dale-Gandar, Choi, Jerath, Kaustov, Fleet, Shaeen, Lorello, Al Azazi, Parotto, McCluskey, Poonawala, Dillane, McIsaac
BMJ Open, 22.06.2022
Tilføjet 22.06.2022
Introduction
Older adults prioritise surviving surgery, but also preservation of their functional status and quality of life. Current approaches to measure postoperative recovery, which focus on death, complications and length of hospitalisation, may miss key relevant domains. We propose that postoperative disability is an important patient-centred outcome to measure intermediate-to-long recovery after major surgery in older adults.
Methods and analysis
The Functional Improvement Trajectories After Surgery (FIT After Surgery) study is a multicentre cohort study of 2000 older adults (≥65 years) having major non-cardiac surgery. Its objectives are to characterise the incidence, trajectories, risk factors and impact of new significant disability after non-cardiac surgery. Disability is assessed using WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 instrument and participants’ level-of-care needs. Disability assessments occur before surgery, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. The primary outcome is significantly worse WHODAS score or death at 6 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes are (1) significantly worse WHODAS score or death at 1 year after surgery, (2) increased care needs or death at 6 months after surgery and (3) increased care needs or death at 1 year after surgery. We will use multivariable logistic regression models to determine the association of preoperative characteristics and surgery type with outcomes, joint modelling to characterise longitudinal time trends in WHODAS scores over 12 months after surgery, and longitudinal latent class mixture models to identify clusters following similar trajectories of disability.
Ethics and dissemination
The FIT After Surgery study has received research ethics board approval at all sites. Recruitment began in December 2019 but was placed on hold in March 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment was gradually restarted in October 2020, with 1-year follow-up expected to finish in 2023. Publication of the primary results is anticipated to occur in 2024.
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